The Nation Newspaper

Category: Adebayo Adeleye

  • Green industrial shift: countries compete for leadership in new climate economy

    Green industrial shift: countries compete for leadership in new climate economy

    As the world accelerates toward a low-carbon future, a new economic race is unfolding; one that will determine which nations dominate the industries of tomorrow. From renewable energy manufacturing to electric vehicles, green hydrogen, carbon markets, and climate tech innovation, countries are positioning themselves to secure economic advantage in what analysts now call the “climate economy.” The global transition is not merely an environmental obligation; it is a competition for industrial power, technological leadership, and geopolitical influence.

    At the centre of this shift is the rapid expansion of renewable energy. China, already the world’s largest producer of solar panels and wind turbines, continues to invest aggressively in clean energy manufacturing. With more than half of the global solar capacity installed within its borders, China has established a supply chain dominance that other nations are scrambling to match. The United States, through its Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), is responding with historic subsidies and tax incentives designed to attract clean energy manufacturing back to the country. Meanwhile, the European Union is adopting its own policies to boost local production and reduce dependence on Asian imports. The competition extends beyond renewables. Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a crucial battleground. China currently leads global EV sales and battery manufacturing, while the U.S. is investing heavily to catch up through federal incentives and partnerships with private industry. Europe remains a strong contender, with companies such as Volkswagen and Renault driving local production.

    Yet even smaller nations are entering the race. South Korea is expanding its battery technology footprint, while India is offering production linked incentives to attract EV manufacturers. Africa is also making strategic moves, seeking to avoid being left behind in the new energy order. Countries like Morocco and South Africa are investing in green hydrogen projects, hoping to become major suppliers to European markets. Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy has the National Carbon Market Framework and has begun exploring opportunities in solar manufacturing, bioenergy, and lithium processing.

    The academic community in Nigeria are hands on deck with innovative research outputs, to put the country at a vantage position among the committee of tech-countries. With abundant sunlight, mineral resources, and a growing youth population, Nigeria is positioning itself to participate in the trillion dollar climate economy, not merely as a raw material supplier but as an emerging industrial hub.

    Beyond manufacturing, carbon markets are reshaping the global economic landscape. Nations with significant forest resources such as Brazil, Indonesia, and parts of Africa are seeking to monetise carbon credits as a new export commodity. Brazil, which hosted COP30, has been advocating for a robust global carbon credit system that can reward forest protecting nations while supplying corporate buyers seeking offsets. If properly regulated, this system could unlock billions for developing countries while encouraging conservation. Another emerging front is the race for green hydrogen, which is seen as the fuel of the future for industries such as steel, cement, shipping, and aviation. Germany, Japan, and Australia are leading investments in hydrogen infrastructure, while the Gulf states; Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Oman aim to become major exporters of hydrogen. The competition reflects a broader reality: countries that control the production and export of clean fuels will gain new geopolitical leverage, much like oil-producing nations did in the 20th century. Climate tech innovation is also accelerating. From carbon capture technologies to climate-resilient agriculture, startups and research institutions are driving the next wave of breakthroughs.

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     The U.S. and EU currently lead in climate tech investment, but nations like Israel, Singapore, Nigeria and Kenya are emerging as innovation hotspots. Nigeria’s tech sector is beginning to explore climate-focused startups, although funding remains a significant challenge. As this industrial transition unfolds, one question looms large: Who will lead the future green economy? While wealthy nations have the capital advantage, developing countries possess the natural resources, energy potential, and demographic strengths needed to compete. The true winners will be those who successfully integrate policy, investment, technology, and workforce development. What is clear is that the global green industrial shift is no longer optional. It is the defining economic contest of the 21st century; one that will shape jobs, trade, security, and prosperity for decades to come. Nations that act boldly today will secure not only environmental progress but also lasting economic power in the new climate economy.

    • Dr.  Adeleye (Ph.D., Ibadan) is a Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450

  • Climate change threatens global food sustainability and agriculture

    Climate change threatens global food sustainability and agriculture

    Global Impact: Climate change is working havoc on global food sustainability and agriculture, posing a significant threat to the world’s most vulnerable populations. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are adversely affecting crop yields, food security, and the livelihoods of farmers worldwide. The World Bank Group warns that up to 2030, climate change could push 43 million more people into poverty in Africa alone.

    Key Adverse Effects: Reduced Crop Yields; Climate change is projected to lead to decreased crop yields, especially in regions already struggling with food insecurity. Water Scarcity; Changes in precipitation patterns and increased evaporation due to warmer temperatures will exacerbate water scarcity, affecting irrigation and crop growth. Increased Malnutrition; Climate change is expected to increase malnutrition, particularly in areas with limited access to diverse and nutritious food.

    Nigeria Case Study: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, is particularly vulnerable to climate change’s impacts on food sustainability and agriculture. Studies have shown that climate change is already affecting Nigeria’s agricultural productivity, leading to food insecurity and increased malnutrition. To address these challenges, experts recommend adopting climate-smart agricultural practices, such as: Drought-Resistant Crops: Introducing drought-resistant crop varieties to help farmers adapt to changing precipitation patterns. Efficient Irrigation: Promoting efficient irrigation systems to minimize water waste and optimize water use. Sustainable Farming Methods: Encouraging sustainable farming practices, such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry, to enhance soil health and biodiversity.

    Let’s dive deeper into Nigeria as a case study on how climate change affects food sustainability and agriculture. Nigeria is particularly vulnerable to climate change’s impacts on agriculture, which is a vital sector contributing about 23% to the country’s GDP and employing 70% of the labor force. However, nearly 40% of the population faces poverty and food insecurity, which climate change exacerbates. Rising temperatures, reduced rainfall, and shorter growing seasons threaten agricultural output, with some crops potentially facing yield reductions of up to 25% by 2050.

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    Regional Disparities: Nigeria’s regional disparities play a significant role in climate change’s impact. Northern Nigeria experiences greater climatic unpredictability and extreme heat, while the southern region enjoys a more stable growing season due to its humid coastal climate.

    Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies: Smallholder farmers in Nigeria are employing various adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, including: Diversifying Crop Portfolios; Switching to drought-tolerant root or tuber crops to offset adverse effects. Expanding Livestock Holdings: Diversifying income sources to reduce dependence on crop yields. Adjusting Agricultural Input Usage: Reducing fertilizer use and purchased seeds to minimize costs.

    Policy Recommendations: To address these challenges, experts recommend: Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Incentivizing adoption through policies like the Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) Policy Framework. Pro-Poor Interventions: Targeted support for low-cost financing options to improve smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies. Livelihood Capital Inequality Reduction: Policies to reduce inequality of access to land and other productive assets.

    Call to Action: Global cooperation and collective action are necessary to mitigate climate change’s adverse effects on food sustainability and agriculture. Governments, farmers, and individuals must work together to adopt climate-resilient agricultural practices and ensure a sustainable food future for all. By understanding Nigeria’s specific challenges and adaptation strategies, we can better support climate-resilient agriculture and food sustainability in the region.

    • •Dr.  Adeleye (Ph.D., Ibadan) is a Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450
  • COP-30 opens under grim skies as deadly Typhoon renews global climate fears

    COP-30 opens under grim skies as deadly Typhoon renews global climate fears

    As global leaders convened in Belém, Brazil, for the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30), the world’s attention shifted abruptly to the tragedy unfolding in Southeast Asia. Typhoon Kalmaegi, one of the most powerful storms to strike the Philippines in a decade, has left more than 100 people dead and displaced thousands. Its devastation cast a long shadow over the summit’s opening ceremonies, providing a stark reminder of the mounting dangers posed by climate change. For observers and negotiators alike, the violent storm served as a painful illustration of the urgency surrounding the discussions in Brazil. Scientists have consistently warned that rising global temperatures are fuelling stronger and more destructive tropical storms. Kalmaegi’s landfall has now renewed calls for decisive global action.

    Brazil Sets an Ambitious Tone: Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva used the opening session to reaffirm his nation’s commitment to rainforest protection and renewable energy expansion. He urged world leaders to match their words with meaningful actions, warning that the consequences of inaction are already unfolding across the globe.

    Nigeria at COP 30: The Nigerian Vice President Senator Kashim Shettima, who said to the world leaders that “we must stop pledging and start performing to check climate change” was there representing President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. He spoke glowingly about the National Carbon Market Framework and Climate Change Fund, which forms core of Nigeria’s climate finance architecture intended to attract billions of dollars in clean energy and adaptation investments. He further reaffirmed Nigeria’s global climate leadership with a commitment to achieving an emission reduction target of 32% by 2035.

    Loss and Damage Fund Under Pressure: The operationalisation of the Loss and Damage Fund is at the centre of heated negotiations. The fund is expected to support nations already suffering severe climate-induced losses. But disagreements persist over funding sources and contribution levels. For many developing nations, Typhoon Kalmaegi has strengthened the argument that delays come at a heavy cost.

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    Youth Movements Demand Accountability: Civil society organisations and youth groups are also making their voices heard. Thousands have taken to the streets of Belém, calling for climate justice and a shift away from fossil fuels. Youth delegates from Nigeria, Kenya, India, and Fiji issued a joint statement insisting that the survival of future generations must not be compromised by slow political negotiations.

    The Road Ahead: With Nigeria facing increasing flooding, food insecurity, coastal erosion, and energy vulnerability, the stakes at COP30 remain high. Analysts say the outcomes of the summit could significantly influence the direction of global climate action in the coming decade. For many in the developing world, the harsh images from the Philippines are a warning: climate change is no longer a distant threat. It is here; destructive, immediate, and demanding urgent global collaboration. As COP30 continues, the world waits to see whether nations will rise to the occasion or allow another year of promises to overshadow meaningful progress.

    • Adeleye, Ph.D (Ibadan) Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control – badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450

  • Climate Change: The inherent opportunities in challenges

    Climate Change: The inherent opportunities in challenges

    As the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, a growing body of evidence suggests that taking bold action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can have significant economic benefits. In fact, a report by the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate finds that climate action could deliver at least $26 trillion in economic benefits through 2030.

    So, what are the key economic benefits of climate action. For starters, reduction in energy costs is a major advantage. Investing in energy efficiency and renewable energy can help businesses and households save money on their energy bills. Additionally, creating new job opportunities is another significant benefit. The clean energy sector is already supporting millions of jobs worldwide, and this number is expected to grow as the demand for renewable energy increases. Improvement of public health is another important economic benefit of climate action. By reducing air pollution from fossil fuels, we can prevent millions of premature deaths and reduce the economic burden of healthcare costs. In fact, a study by the World Health Organization finds that the economic benefits of reducing air pollution can be as high as $1 trillion per year. Furthermore, stimulating innovation and growth is a critical economic benefit of climate action. Investing in clean energy and green technologies can drive innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. The report by the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate finds that climate action can generate over 65 million new low-carbon jobs in 2030, equivalent to the entire workforce of the UK and Egypt combined. The economic benefits of climate action are clear. By taking bold action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we can unlock significant economic benefits, from reducing energy costs to creating new job opportunities, improving public health, and stimulating innovation and growth. As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change, it’s time to recognize the economic benefits of climate action and work towards a more sustainable and prosperous future.

    For the purpose of clarity and emphasis, listed below are five major economic benefits of climate action:

    Job Creation and Employment Opportunities: Climate action can create new job opportunities in various sectors, including the following;

    Renewable energy: The renewable energy sector is creating new job opportunities in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.

    Energy efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in buildings and industries can create jobs in retrofitting, insulation, and other related services.

    Sustainable infrastructure: Investing in sustainable infrastructure, such as green buildings, can create jobs in construction, architecture, and engineering.

    Climate resilience and adaptation: Climate resilience and adaptation measures, such as sea walls, levees, and green roofs, can create jobs in construction, engineering, and environmental management.

    According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the renewable energy sector employed 11 million people worldwide in 2020, and this number is expected to triple by 2050.

    Increased Economic Productivity: Climate action can increase economic productivity by:

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    Improving energy efficiency: Energy-efficient technologies and practices can reduce energy consumption, lower energy bills, and increase productivity.

    Enhancing resource efficiency: Climate action can promote the efficient use of resources, such as water and raw materials, which can lead to cost savings and increased productivity.

    Reducing climate-related disruptions: Climate action can reduce the risk of climate-related disruptions, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods, which can impact economic productivity.

    Promoting sustainable agriculture: Climate action can promote sustainable agriculture practices, which can increase crop yields, improve food security, and enhance economic productivity.

    According to a study by the International Energy Agency (IEA), energy efficiency measures can increase economic productivity by up to 2% annually.

    Reduced Healthcare Costs: Climate action can reduce healthcare costs by:

    Improving air quality: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions can improve air quality, which can reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases and other health problems.

    Reducing heat-related illnesses: Climate action can reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

    Reducing water-borne diseases: Climate action can reduce the risk of water-borne diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever.

    Promoting physical activity: Climate action can promote physical activity, such as walking and cycling, which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

    According to a study by the World Health Organization (WHO), the economic benefits of reducing air pollution can be up to 10 times higher than the costs of implementing pollution control measures.

    Reducing climate-related uncertainty: Climate action can reduce climate-related uncertainty by promoting the use of climate models and scenario planning.

    Supporting climate risk management: Climate action can support climate risk management by promoting the use of climate risk assessments and climate risk management frameworks.

    According to a study by the Economist Intelligence Unit, climate change can reduce global economic output by up to 11% by 2100 if left unchecked.

    • Dr. Adeleye (Ph.D., Ibadan) Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450
  • Climate Change: Nigeria’s energy transition: towards net zero emissions by 2060

    Climate Change: Nigeria’s energy transition: towards net zero emissions by 2060

    As the global efforts toward clean energy rises, Nigeria the giant of Africa though not left out, stands at a critical crossroads. One where economic ambition and environmental responsibility must find common ground. With a growing population, expanding industries, and deep reliance on fossil fuels, the nation faces the delicate challenge of powering its future without compromising the planet’s sustainability. The question is not whether Nigeria will transition to cleaner energy, but how and how fast.

    The Challenge of Dual Realities: Nigeria remains Africa’s largest oil producer, and petroleum exports continue to be a backbone of the national economy. Yet, while oil revenues drive government income, they also expose the nation to price shocks and global energy market volatility. Meanwhile, millions of Nigerians still lack access to stable electricity. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), over 85 million Nigerians about 40% of the population live without electricity. For many, kerosene lamps and petrol/diesel generators remain the norm. This paradox vast energy wealth but limited access underscores the urgency of an inclusive energy transition.

    Steps toward a Cleaner Future: The Nigerian government has begun taking steps toward a greener energy pathway. The Energy Transition Plan (ETP) launched in 2022 aims to achieve net zero emissions by 2060, while expanding access to affordable energy for all Nigerians. Key pillars of the plan include investing in solar power, natural gas as a transition fuel, electric mobility, and clean cooking solutions for households. The ETP also emphasizes the creation of green jobs, targeting over 300,000 new opportunities in the renewable sector by 2030. The private sector is already playing a vital role. Solar mini-grid projects are lighting up rural communities in some states in the country. Also Companies like Arnergy, Lumos Nigeria and Schon Peesol Energy are helping various businesses and organisations power operations through solar systems, while startups such as Rensource are pioneering decentralized renewable energy models. These efforts show that clean energy is not only about protecting the climate, it’s about unlocking economic empowerment and social progress.

    The Role of Natural Gas: Given Nigeria’s rich gas reserves, the largest in Africa, natural gas is positioned as the “bridge fuel” between dirty and clean energy sources. Experts argue that gas can support industrial growth and electricity generation while reducing reliance on more polluting fuels like diesel and coal. However, the success of this strategy depends on investment in infrastructure; pipelines, distribution networks, and storage facilities alongside strict environmental safeguards to prevent methane leakage, a potent greenhouse gas.

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    Policy, Partnerships, and People: Nigeria’s transition cannot succeed on government policy alone. It requires strong partnerships between Federal and State authorities, private investors, international donors, and most importantly, local communities. The federal government’s recent partnership with the African Development Bank and the Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa aims to mobilize billions in renewable energy investments. Meanwhile, community led solar cooperatives are emerging as a grassroots solution to Nigeria’s chronic power deficit. Public education also plays a role. As renewable energy expands, citizens must understand its benefits not just for the environment, but for household budgets and national resilience. A shift in mindset, from dependence on generators to adoption of sustainable technologies, will define the success of this journey.

    Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewables will not be easy. It demands large-scale funding, technological capacity, and political will. Yet, the cost of inaction is far greater worsening pollution, rising fuel costs, and missed economic opportunities in a rapidly decarbonizing world.

    Nigeria’s energy future must balance ambition with realism. The path forward is not about abandoning oil overnight, but about diversifying energy sources, investing in innovation, and ensuring that no citizen is left behind. As the sun sets on the age of oil, a new dawn of clean energy is rising across Nigeria. The nation’s challenge and opportunity lies in ensuring that this light shines on every home, business, and village. If managed wisely, Nigeria’s energy transition could become a global model proving that growth and sustainability are not opposing goals, but twin engines driving the nation toward a brighter, greener tomorrow.

    • Adeleye, Ph.D; Ibadan is a Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control – badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450