Category: Friday

  • About Tafsir

    About Tafsir

    By Femi Abbas

    From the beginning of Ramadan, every year, Muslims congregate in various Mosques or Learning Centres where the exposition of the Qur’an (Tafsir) is rendered by learned Muslim scholars. This is in accordance with the Prophetic tradition which encourages better understanding of the Qur’an.

    Linguistically, Tafsir means exposition. But technically, it means the comprehensive analysis of the Qur’an, spiritually, linguistically, logically and semantically.

    In other words, Tafsir is the comprehensive exposition of the contents of the Qur’an, as usually done by learned Muslim scholars especially during the month of Ramadan throughout the Muslim world.

    Because of the coded language of the Qur’anic revelation, it became necessary for the verses of that sacred Book to be decoded for the purpose of thorough understanding by the Muslim Ummah when the Prophet was alive.

    And the example of this was laid by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself to the great delight of his companions.

    From the explanation above, it therefore becomes clear that the revelations of the Qur’anic chapters and verses were the immediate causes of intellectual research in Islam.

    For instance, Arabic, the original language of the Qur’an, had no grammar prior to the revelations of the divine message. The grammar of that language evolved only from the contents of the Qur’an.

    Read Also: Abuse of Ramadan

     

    With time, the challenge which the Qur’an threw to humanity in all spheres of life led to serious competition among scholars.

    Thus, each time a revelation came, the Companions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) were always eager to know why and how of every what. And this led to their very close association with the Prophet who paved the way for them towards that intellectual research.

    Although the formal study of Tafsir as an independent intellectual discipline did not begin until many years after the demise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), he (the Prophet) nevertheless, started its process.

    He did not only educate his companions about the exoteric and esoteric meanings of the revealed verses of the Qur’an, he also explained their application to the daily life of man as well as the implications of same.

    It was the prophet who decoded most of the coded areas of the Qur’an for proper understanding of the ordinary Muslims.

    Through his utterances and actions which were later to be known as Hadith and Sunnah, the contents of the Qur’an became more and more understandable to the Muslims even as further researches continue today.

    Thus, after the prophet’s demise, Hadith and Sunnah together became an independent subject of research paving man’s way to higher firmaments in civilization.

    And this has helped, in no small measure, to expand the scope of Tafsir. It is from Qur’anic researches that, all new discoveries and new frontiers in knowledge became adapted to the study of Tafsir until Tafsir itself became an estuary through which every stream of knowledge was passed to mankind.

    But what problems does Tafsir face in the contemporary time? Read the answer to this question in this column tomorrow in sha’Allah. Ramadan Karim!.

     

  • Temptation

    Temptation

     Femi Abbas

    Nigeria is a home of temptations. The agents of Satan are many and ubiquitous. They are most active in the sacred month of Ramadan. You will meet them in the neighbourhood, in offices, in commuter buses, in the markets and on the roads. Like Satanic rainbow, they come in various colours carrying with them, all sorts of tempting arsenals. Some of them are men. Most are women.

    Their temptations come in different forms and shapes. Some will make jest of you in a provocative way. Some will deliberately bring food to your presence and start eating right in front of you. Some will pretend not to be aware that you are fasting and, therefore, offer you prohibited drinks. Some women will tempt you with the most sensitive contours of their bodies. The powders on their faces and other cosmetic materials with which some of them are decorated alone are enough to disarm you spiritually if you are not a formidable Muslim. Their antics are many. But your resistance to all these is the most vital ingredient for the acceptance of your fast by Allah. This is a situation in which Muslims are expected to close their eyes and their minds at the same time. They should close their eyes to any eyesore and close their minds to all spiritual irritants.

    In no Islamic society can such temptations be experienced. In any sane Muslim society, it is a punishable offence to deliberately tempt or provoke fasting Muslims in the month of Ramadan. As a matter of fact, all food vendors and restaurants are statutorily prohibited from operating in the days of Ramadan. They can only trade in the nights. And of course, there is nothing like alcohol or nudism in such societies even outside the sacred month.

    Resistance to temptation in Ramadan is a function of two things: high level of discipline and strong faith in Allah. Any Muslim who lacks these two is surely bereft of the necessary armour against temptation. Ramadan in the life of a Muslim is like a delicious food given to a hungry man. If he handles it carelessly, it may end up in the belly of a goat. Satan is always on standby to snatch any reward accruing to pious Muslims from good deeds. To avoid becoming a victim of satanic machination therefore, do not be careless with Allah’s bounties for you in this sacred month. Ramadan Karim!

  • Abuse of Ramadan

    Abuse of Ramadan

    By Femi Abbas

    When the sacred religion called Islam emerged through Prophet Muhammad (SAW) over 1,400 years ago, it was with certain fundamental norms that were meant to guide humanity towards all   virtuous acts in life. One of the most formidable pillars of that divine religion is fasting in the month of Ramadan. With it, all genuine Muslims are supposed to fortress themselves against any satanic recklessness that could turn them into wild beasts.

    Qur’anic revelations

    Now, we are in the sacred lunar month in which the revelation of the Qur’an began in 610 C.E. It was in this divine month that the last divine constitution with which to liberate mankind from the shackles of Satan was revealed. The real spiritual essence of Ramadan is to show mankind the right path to Paradise through a phenomenal transit called the world.

    This allegorical month is a special school in which Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was both the pioneer student and the pioneer teacher at the same time. All other students who passed through this school or are still passing through it are heirs to those   forerunners in the name of shepherds.

    Duties of Shepherds

    The duty of the heirs to the above mentioned forerunners is to serve as shepherds for the wandering flocks of the universe. It is this duty that confirms man as Allah’s vicegerent on earth. Anyone who is in a position to serve as a shepherd but does otherwise has surely contravened the rules of his or her Creator.

    Ironically, most of those we perceive as shepherds in our society are worse than the presumed ‘lost sheep’ they are supposed to guide aright. For those who know and appreciate it, the opportunity of rebirth provided by this sacred month has no duplicate. It is like a ‘once in a while’ train which every commuter should endeavour not to miss. Missing it is like missing a lifelong destiny of fortune. But will the recalcitrant ones among the so-called Alfas heed the warning?

    A Season of jamboree

    With the arrival of Ramadan in the world last year, just like in the previous years, a scene of jamboree took over most radio and television stations, especially in the Southwest of Nigeria. Many pseudo Alfas who had become redundant before Ramadan quickly dusted their gowns and turbans for the purpose of sharing in the annual largess which they believed that the sacred month had brought for them. Such pseudo Alfas who might have taken advantage of some ignorant ‘money bags’ in the society by asking them to sponsor Ramadan preaching on radio and television stations swarmed the airwaves like bees in a hive. With little or no knowledge at all, those pretenders posed like scholars and dished out rubbish by arrogating to themselves the knowledge which they evidently did not possess. Their displayed symbols of scholarship included big gowns, big turbans, untidy beards and irrelevant long rosaries.

    Clerics or Charlatans

    One of the characteristics of charlatans, who pose as clerics, is to spend the first 10 minutes or thereabout in singing the praises of their sponsors and in chanting some irrelevant slogans even as they relay some fabricated, primordial stories with neither genuine roots nor any relevant bearing with Islam. Their trade in stock is to seek fraudulent recognition for themselves by showing their faces on television stations or by airing their voices on radio stations just to be accorded the status of Alfas. Such are people who have no Islamic knowledge and do not see the need for seeking it. Rather than guiding the multitudes of uninformed Muslims aright, which is the primary duty of qualified, genuine Muslim clerics, they further mislead them. Of course, no one can give what he does not have.

    To this category of so-called Alfas, all that matters is the money they want to make through their deceptive appearances as well as the cheap fame they want to gain as a boost to their fraudulent gimmicks.

    That is why such people resort to public verbal attacks on one another with little consideration for decorum which Islam recommends affirmatively.

    And, through such shameful deeds, the charlatans invariably create an   impression   that Ramadan is an annual festive booty celebrated with fanfare in a jamboree.

    Faulty Recitation

    The most embarrassing aspect of their action is not only the faulty recitation of the Qur’anic Verses but also the shameless misinterpretation which they give to those Verses. This, on its own, is not just an abuse of Ramadan but also a flagrant abuse of the Qur’an. That is how the charlatans turn the sacred month into a gross abuse of Islamic religion. What those charlatans do not understand is that the Qur’an, in its original form, is not just any book that any charlatan can dust up once in a year as a means of fetching money for selves but a Sacred Book on which account will be given.

    Unnecessary Controversy

    Meanwhile, there is a raging controversy among Muslim scholars over the first and last revelations in the Qur’an. Much as this controversy is unwarranted, it may be necessary to clear the coast here (without laying any claim to authority) if only for the purpose of authenticating history.

    It is almost a consensus that the first revealed chapter in the Qur’an is Suratul ‘Alaq (Chapter of the Clot). But the very first Qur’anic words that reached Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in form of revelationthrough Angel Jibril was ‘BASMALAH’ (ie Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim) meaning: In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful, which precedes every chapter in the Qur’an except one Suratut-Tawbah.

    As a Messenger of Allah to another Messenger of Allah, Angel Jubril couldn’t have commanded Prophet Muhammad (SAW) to read anything without doing so in the name of Allah who sent him with the message.

    Thus, Suratul ‘Alaq, as preceded by ‘BASMALAH’, could only have been the first revealed chapter but not the first revelation. And that is logical.

    As for the last revelation in the Qur’an majority of Nigerian Muslim scholars believe that it is chapter 5, verse 3 of the Qur’an which says: “Today, I have perfected your religion for you and completed my favour on you. And, I am pleased with Islam for you as religion”.

    That verse of the Qur’an that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) at ‘Arafah while performing his only but  farewell Hajj couldn’t have been the last revelation. It was revealed about 81 days before the demise of the Prophet (SAW). And there was another revelation, thereafter, which came about nine days before the Prophet fell terminally sick. This can be found in Qur’an 2: 281 which says: “And fear the day when you shall all return to Allah; the day when every soul shall be requited according to its desert and none shall be wronged”.

    How not to recite Suratul Fatihah

    The issue of Basmalah mentioned above is a reminder of the status of Suratul Fatihah and how not to recite it.

    Suratul Fatihah is not just one of the 114 chapters of the Qur’an, it is also the very first chaper of of that Sacred Book. This Surah was named the opening chapter because of the indispensable role it plays not only in the observance of Salat but also in the faith of a Muslim.

    Unlike all other chapters of the Sacred Book, Suratl Fatihah was revealed twice to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) within the 22 years that the whole Qur’an was revealed. Revealing the chapter twice (once in Makkah and once in Madinah) was a divine emphasis on the specialty of its importance in the practice of Islam. This is the Surah that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) codenamed ‘Mother of the Glorious Book’ (ie: the Qur’an) because of its strategic position in the Sacred Book which makes it the summary of the whole Qur’an. It is the only chaper in the Qur’an that sustains the authenticity of Salat and confirms its acceptability to the Almighty Allah.  Any Salat without recitation of Suratul Fatihah in full is null and void.

    The Jurisprudential Role of Basmalah 

    The word Basmalah is, connotatively, the acronym of ‘Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim’ which is the first of the seven verses of Suratul Fatihah.

    Suratul Fatihah is the only chapter of the Qur’an that has ‘Bamalah’ (Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim) as one of its verses. This means that recitation of Basmalah as part of that chapter is as compulsory on Salat as the recitation of the whole Chapter itself. If the rule of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) demands that the recitation should be aloud, as in the case of Salatus-Subh and Maghrib and Isha’i, the recitation of Basmalah must also be aloud. If, on the other hand, the recitation should be silent as in the case of  Salatud-Dhuhr and ‘Asr, the recitation of Basmalah too, must be silent. There should be no half way about it.

    To all other chapters of the Qur’an, Basmalah is not classified as a verse. It is just a prefix that an observer of Salat may decide to read or not to read after Suratul Fatihah. That Suratul Fatihah  contains seven verses and the very first of those verses is Basmalah cannot be taken for granted. Only Allah knows why He revealed it as such and He alone has the final authority on the rules of its recitation. Suratul Fatihah itself is divinely classified into three segments.

    The first Segment consists of the first three verses that emblazon and glorify Allah. The second segment consists of two verses by which an observer of Salat or reciter of the Surah, makes two fundamental promises to Allah. One of those two promises is to worship Him (Allah) alone (without associating anything with Him) and the other is to seek only His divine (Alla’s) help and not that of any other entity (Iyyaka na’budu wa iyyaka nasta’in).

    The third segment of that chapter contains prayer with which to seek Allah’s divine guidance towards the right path as toed by the previous rightly guided people and not the path of those who, by going astray, have incurred the wrath of Allah.

    The Message and the Messenger

    Ramadan is a month of correction of errors and that of affirmation of right. On most occasions, when religion becomes an issue, the message is often weightier than the messenger.  Today, most Imams, scholars and individual Muslims do recite Suratul Fatihah, while on Salat, to the exclusion of Basmalah which is the very first verse of that obligatory chapter. This means that in their own wisdom, that Surah should contain six verses rather than the seven verses that Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

    Implication

    The implication of this is that by refusing to recite Basmalah statutorily as part of Suratul Fatihah, the reciter has either beheaded that chapter against the rule of its revelation or he/she has edited the contents of Allah’s revelation to mankind. But, if we may ask a question here, who is that mortal being that is wiser than the immortal Supreme Entity that revealed Suratul Fatihah on purpose?

    This is a weighty question that requires a straight forward answer without any rationalized argument as a justification for deviation from Allah’s own Sunnah. The Almighty Allah Who revealed Suratul Fatihah twice with seven verses, including Basmalah, had a reason for doing so. And, no mortal being can claim any wisdom as reason for reducing the seven verses of that chapter to six on the basis of mere rationalization. Islam is such a dynamic religion that cannot be reduced to the level of dogmatism by which some other religions are characterized. In other words, Islam cannot be turned into a religion in which the clerics are considered more important than the revealed words of God. If Allah had wanted the recitation of Basmalah on Salat to be a matter of choice, He would have separated it from Suraul Fatihat as He did with other chapters in the Qur’an. Therefore, whoever must recite Suratul Fatihat on Salat, must recite it completely without removing a verse from it. Thus, in order not to lead the followers astray, let presumed leaders of Islam do the right thing as prescribed by Islamic jurisprudence.  Ramadan Karim!

    Clarification

    The earlier verse was an accentuation of Hajj as the last pillar of Islam. And that was why it came on Arafah Day. The latter is a reminder of man’s final destination and the account of his worldly activities. These and many more are what readers of the Qur’an should know inside out. But the big question is this: who will teach them when the supposed teachers have sold out to money and ignorance? To Muslims who are conscious of their spiritual affinity and retain their conscience for the day they will meet their Creator and account for their deeds on earth ‘The Message’ says RAMADAN KARIM!

  • Dilemmas in the age of coronavirus

    Dilemmas in the age of coronavirus

    Segun Gbadegesin

    Moral problems are the fabric of social life, and we have no choice but to deal with them. These are the dilemmas morally conscious persons face in situations of conflicts of moral beliefs, when there is no one clear answer about what to do, and there is a cross path on the road to moral choice.

    Consider the textbook case of a loving mother faced with the imminent death of a child due to her inability to pay for an essential medication. What should she do? Should she steal the medication and break the moral rule against stealing or should she let her child die and suffer the moral guilt of allowing the death of an innocent person.

    There are also concocted or fake dilemmas. A classic case is the biblical story of two women in the midst of a deadly famine in Israel. They posed the question of who should survive between them and their babies. They agreed to kill and eat their babies one at a time. One of them offered her baby first with the expectation that her partner will offer hers next. But the second woman reneged, and the first woman took the case to the king.

    It is easy to see why the case narrated in the paragraph above is not a genuine moral dilemma. The question posed, “should I die of hunger or should I kill and eat my baby so I don’t die?” is a self-regarding question which blurs the important distinction between selfishness and moral consciousness. The mother who asks that question is completely focused on herself, and not thinking about the legitimate interest of the baby. Hers is not a conflict of moral beliefs. It is a conflict of self-interest and the interest of another being, namely the baby.

    In the age of coronavirus, there are several cases of genuine and concocted dilemmas. In order to deal effectively with the central public health challenge that the pandemic has created, we must separate the wheat of genuine dilemmas from the chaff of fake ones.

    First, consider the dilemma posed by the conflict between the constitutional right to freedom of movement and the obligation to obey stay-at-home orders in the wake of the virus. Surely, the foundation of constitutional democracy is the right to free movement, and government authorities took an oath to defend the constitution. Therefore, they must understand the importance of defending this right.

    However, occasions arise when some of our most fundamental rights need some modification and curtailment for the greater good of the whole. A pandemic for which there is no preventive vaccine or medicinal cure, and is so contagious and so deadly that the only remedy against mass death is the restriction of movement, is a morally and constitutionally justifiable reason for the imposition of restriction on free movement. This is the purpose of stay-at-home, curfew, or lockdown orders.

    Should I insist on my freedom of movement against its restriction and flout the order to stay at home simply on account of my constitutional right? Beside the fact that this would expose me to the virus and jeopardize the interest that I seek to promote, it also selfishly jeopardizes the greater interest of community survival. Therefore, this concocted dilemma must be resolved in favor of the moral priority of the stay-at-home order.

    Second, there is a dilemma for the faithful in the matter of fulfilling their religious obligations regarding religious observances, including attending worship services vis-a-vis the legal obligation to obey stay-at-home orders. Incidentally, the constitution also recognizes the obligation of adherents of various religions to their God or Gods, with its provision for religious freedom. Therefore, the dilemma is a genuine one: should I fulfil my obligation to my God or should I obey the state? Without second-guessing their motivations, let us assume that this is the difficult scenario that religious leaders and followers feel that they face and need to resolve. How do they resolve it without compromising their faith or their responsibility to the community?

    Fortunately, there is a way. Religion and spirituality do not exist in isolation. Our spiritual and religious endowments include the grace to discern right from wrong, to put consideration of the well-being of others even ahead of ours, and to avoid any conduct that jeopardizes the interest of our community. Recognizing that the state is the institution charged with protecting and promoting the interest of citizens, Apostle Paul urged that Christians respect the authority of rulers: Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God— Romans 13:1.

    Insisting on conducting worship services in churches, mosques and temples with hundreds of people is putting the lives of congregants in danger and disrespecting the authorities “instituted by God” as St. Paul taught. And while God warned that we should not reject the assembly of His people, He also warned us against harming them or compromising their wellbeing.

    Third, how about the dilemma posed by the right to pursue our economic activities vis-a-vis the obligation to obey government’s lockdown order? This is one of the most difficult dilemmas to resolve. For not only is there a constitutional right to pursue our means of livelihood through economic activities, but we also have an obligation that we must work in order to eat, and we must eat in order to live. Whatever conflicts with this most essential of all our rights and obligations is, therefore, presumably against our interests.

    While the painful reality of this conflict is to some extent eased with a recognition of the authority of the state to regulate economic activities and protect our lives, it is by no means obliterated. This is especially the case in this country where extreme poverty and hunger predated the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, we must understand the agony of citizens who cry out against lockdown, and to understand them is to do something meaningful in response to their genuine complaints. Even when citizens are predisposed to obeying government order, the obligation to eat in order to survive trumps any stay-at-home order that means people cannot work and, therefore, cannot eat.

    Government certainly understands this dilemma that individuals face. However, it also has a fundamental predicament. Government has a constitutional obligation to promote economic prosperity but it also has an obligation to protect human life. In normal circumstances, these obligations do not run into conflict. Now, however, with an invisible enemy that strikes people as they pursue their livelihoods, government must come up with creative measures to meet its two obligations without compromising either.

    President Buhari’s latest address acknowledged the difficult choices individuals and governments face. It also presented achievable policy proposals for dealing with the challenge. He observed that the federal and state government lockdown initiatives “were necessary and overall, have contributed to slowing the spread of COVID-19 in our country.” That is, the policy underscores the government’s obligation to protect human lives, and it has succeeded thus far.

    However, the President also recognized that “such lockdowns have also come at a very heavy economic cost. Many of our citizens have lost their means of livelihood.” That is, lockdown has inadvertently impacted government’s obligation to promote economic prosperity. Therefore, government must tackle the second horn of the dilemma with the development of “strategies and policies that will protect lives while preserving livelihoods.”

    The President’s measures, no doubt formulated in conjunction with states, include “a phased and gradual easing of lockdown measures in FCT, Lagos and Ogun States”, “aggressive testing and contact tracing”, “restoration of some economic and business activities in certain sectors”, “mandatory use of face masks… physical distancing and personal hygiene.” Rightly, “the restrictions on social and religious gatherings… remain in place”, with a ban on non-essential interstate passenger travel, and a partial movement of goods and services across states.

    On this “Workers’ Day”, these measures are a powerful recognition of the right and obligation of work even in the face of an invisible enemy that threatens the lives of workers. Let’s hope for an effective implementation.

    Happy Workers’ Day.

  • Forgetfulness

    Forgetfulness

    By Femi Abbas

    For the first few days in Ramadan, every year, there is tendency for some Muslims to forget that they are fasting and thus break their fasts inadvertently during the day.

    Naturally, the possibility of eating or drinking accidentally due to sheer forgetfulness in the early days of Ramadan is apt. This often occurs to Muslims who hardly fast outside the month of Ramadan.

    If it happens to you, there should be nothing to worry about. As soon as you remember, just recondition yourself to the regulations of Ramadan and continue your fast.

    Do not tell anybody. Let it remain a secret between you and your Lord. It does not matter whether you remember while eating and drinking or thereafter.

    In Islam, actions are judged according to intentions. And who else judges both actions and intentions other than Allah, the All-seer and All- knower.

    Even in the five obligatory Salats observed daily by all genuine Muslims, provisions are made for rectification of errors committed through forgetfulness.

    Read Also: Buhari won’t let Kano down, says Presidency

    This is done in terms of ‘Sujudus-Sahwi’. But like in Salat, the forgetfulness in Ramadan involves neither drunkenness nor sexual intercourse nor cheating of any kind.

    As a Muslim, you are not supposed to eat any forbidden food or drink any intoxicant in the first place, Ramadan or no Ramadan. To be drunk, therefore, in Ramadan, under the pretext of forgetfulness is a confirmation of hypocrisy or infidelity.

    As for sexual intercourse which should only occur legitimately between a husband and his wife, it is impossible to be done out of forgetfulness. At least if the husband cannot remember Ramadan, the wife should. Sexual intercourse cannot be done unconsciously.

    But if intercourse occurs in your dream and you suddenly wake up to discover that you are already wet, all you need to do is to clean up with Janabah (purification) bath.

    And, then, you continue your fast. Fasting, especially in Ramadan, is a means of rejuvenating spiritual consciousness and renewal of good intention.

    Anyone who   breaks his/her fast in error due to forgetfulness should immediately repent and abstain from any situation that can cause its repetition. Allah is forgiving and merciful.

     

  • The glorious Qur’an

    The glorious Qur’an

    By Femi Abbas

    Reading any book has a purpose and a method. No good reader will ever read a book without taking note of its author, its publisher and its date of publication. And to read any new book, the very first point of call is its contents page which tells you the topics and the subjects you will read about in it. One of the major purposes of Tarawih is to serve as a reminder of the contents of the Quran.

    The word Qur’an means continuous recitation. It is so called because of its inimitable origin which makes it a compelling daily reading throughout the world, across nations and ages. It contains the unsurpassable words of Allah not only in the grandeur of its diction and splendour of its rendition but also in the depth of its meaning, substance and profundity.

    The revelation of the Glorious Book called the Qur’an to mankind through an unlettered desert Arab, Muhammad (SAW), the son of Abdullah and Aminah, began in 610 CE. It lasted 22 years and three months (10 years in Makkah and12 years plus three months in Madinah). The book contains 114 chapters and 6236 verses (not 6666 verses often quoted by most Imams and Alfas in Nigeria. Of these 114 chapters, 86 were revealed in Makkah and 28 in Madinah. But the 28 chapters revealed in Madinah constitute two thirds of the entire Book. And this is because the Makkah chapters are short and rhythmically poetic while those of Madinah are long and prose-like.

    Although the Qur’an was revealed orally, its writing began almost immediately the revelations started. The writing was however done on primitive materials like planks of wood, animal hides, back of trees and other materials of the like which were then readily available. It was shortly after the demise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), that those writings were collated and rendered into a book form. However, one of the wonders of rendering the Qur’an into a written form is the classification of those revelations into chapters and verses by the Prophet himself despite his illiteracy.

    The Qur’an’s main appeal is to man’s intellect, feelings and imagination. But it also gives insight into some natural phenomena like sphericity and revolution of the earth (Q. 39:5), the formation of rain (Q. 30:48); the fertilization of the wind (Q. 15:22); the revolution of the sun, the moon and the planets in their fixed orbit (Q. 36:29-38); the aquatic origin of all creatures (Q. 21:30); the duality of the sex of plants and other creatures (Q. 36:35); the collective life of animals (Q.6:38); the mode of life of the bees (Q. 16:69) and the successive phases of the child in the mother’s womb (Q. 22:5 & 23:14). Yet, the purpose of this Glorious Book is not to teach history, astronomy, philosophy or sciences. That is the Qur’an for you, a book that is incomparably divine through all ages and times. Whoever needs to read the Qur’an must know its features as stated above. Otherwise, just reading the Qur’an may be like swimming in a pool without any knowledge of its deapth. Ramadan Karim!eading any book has a purpose and a method. No good reader will ever read a book without taking note of its author, its publisher and its date of publication. And to read any new book, the very first point of call is its contents page which tells you the topics and the subjects you will read about in it. One of the major purposes of Tarawih is to serve as a reminder of the contents of the Quran.

    The word Qur’an means continuous recitation. It is so called because of its inimitable origin which makes it a compelling daily reading throughout the world, across nations and ages. It contains the unsurpassable words of Allah not only in the grandeur of its diction and splendour of its rendition but also in the depth of its meaning, substance and profundity.

    The revelation of the Glorious Book called the Qur’an to mankind through an unlettered desert Arab, Muhammad (SAW), the son of Abdullah and Aminah, began in 610 CE. It lasted 22 years and three months (10 years in Makkah and12 years plus three months in Madinah). The book contains 114 chapters and 6236 verses (not 6666 verses often quoted by most Imams and Alfas in Nigeria. Of these 114 chapters, 86 were revealed in Makkah and 28 in Madinah. But the 28 chapters revealed in Madinah constitute two thirds of the entire Book. And this is because the Makkah chapters are short and rhythmically poetic while those of Madinah are long and prose-like.

    Although the Qur’an was revealed orally, its writing began almost immediately the revelations started. The writing was however done on primitive materials like planks of wood, animal hides, back of trees and other materials of the like which were then readily available. It was shortly after the demise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), that those writings were collated and rendered into a book form. However, one of the wonders of rendering the Qur’an into a written form is the classification of those revelations into chapters and verses by the Prophet himself despite his illiteracy.

    The Qur’an’s main appeal is to man’s intellect, feelings and imagination. But it also gives insight into some natural phenomena like sphericity and revolution of the earth (Q. 39:5), the formation of rain (Q. 30:48); the fertilization of the wind (Q. 15:22); the revolution of the sun, the moon and the planets in their fixed orbit (Q. 36:29-38); the aquatic origin of all creatures (Q. 21:30); the duality of the sex of plants and other creatures (Q. 36:35); the collective life of animals (Q.6:38); the mode of life of the bees (Q. 16:69) and the successive phases of the child in the mother’s womb (Q. 22:5 & 23:14). Yet, the purpose of this Glorious Book is not to teach history, astronomy, philosophy or sciences. That is the Qur’an for you, a book that is incomparably divine through all ages and times. Whoever needs to read the Qur’an must know its features as stated above. Otherwise, just reading the Qur’an may be like swimming in a pool without any knowledge of its deapth.

    Ramadan Karim!

  • Ramadan guide: TARAWIH

    Ramadan guide: TARAWIH

    By Femi Abbas

    When never the month of Ramadan comes around, its first port of call is Tarawih. That is the famous supererogatory Salat that entertains Muslim congregations with special hospitality in virtually all Mosques across nations in the evenings of the month.

    Tarawih is a special Salat observed voluntarily, according to Sunnah, only in the month of Ramadan. It contains many genuflexions (raka‘at) ranging from six to twenty depending on the choice of its observers. Despite its significant role in Ramadan, Tarawih was not observed congregationally at the inception of Islam. When Prophet Muhammad (SAW) first introduced it as an attribute of Ramadan in Madinah, he started observing it for the first few days, every evening, after Salatul ‘Isha’i.

    But some of his companions soon joined him to observe it congregationally. However, when the Prophet observed that Tarawih, a supererogatory Salat, was gradually being turned into another obligatory, congregational Salat, he stopped observing it in the Mosque to avoid turning it into another Salat of obligatory status.

    At that point, his companions wanted to know his reason for stopping the observance of Tarawih in the Mosque and he told them that he did not want it to be misconceived for another obligatory Salat. Thus, the congregational observance of Tarawih came to an end. Thence, it became a Salat for individuals mostly in their private homes.

    However, shortly after the demise of Abubakr Siddiq, the first Khalif, Umar Bn Khattab who became the second Caliph   walked into the Mosque one evening and met a crowd of Muslims observing Tarawih. Each of them was reciting the verses of the Qur’an aloud to the disturbance of others. Umar then asked all of them to stop reciting those verses and asked them about the Salat they were observing. When they told them it was Tarawih, he ordered them to queue up as a norm for observing congregational Salat according to Sunnah. He then asked for the most knowledgeable person among them and told him to lead the rest in observing Tarawih congrgationally while he watched with delightful admiration.

    After the completion of the Salat, Umar said satisfactorily that “I have established a beautiful tradition”. From thence, congregational observance of Tarawih became a tradition which is today enthusiastically observed throughout the world by Muslims in the month of Ramadan.

    Tarawih is one of the two spiritual attributes preceding daily Ramadan fasting. The second is Sahur. But the latter is weightier than the former because of its entailed statutory status. Please read about Sahur tomorrow in sha’Allah. Ramadan Karim!

     

    • email: femabbas756@gmail.com Tel: 0811708536 (Text only)

     

  • The Dean of Lunar months

    The Dean of Lunar months

    Femi Abass

    This is the month of Ramadan, the ‘Dean’ of all lunar months. It comes into the world once in a year. Its arrival is always with fanfare. Its splendour is shrouded in the divine blessing that often heralds its readiness to come.

    Unlike all other months of the year, Ramadan keeps humanity in a curious suspense even as it sends a harbinger ahead of its coming. That harbinger is the crescent of hope, which millions of Muslims globally await before commencing the annual obligatory fast in the month.

    From its name alone, Ramadan can be called the key with which to open the door to eternal pleasure. Ramadan is the solid ground upon which the formidable edifice of Islam is built. It is the month in which Islam came into the world of mankind through the revelation of the Qur’an. Yet, it did not become a pillar of Islam until 12 years later in Madinah in 624 AH. That was two years after Hijrah, the Prophet’s forceful migration frpm Makkah to Madinah..

    Without the revelation of the Qur’an which started in the sacred month of Ramadan in 610AH, perhaps the world would have remained oblivious of the five pillars of Islam today.

    Ramadan is the great light that comes annually to illuminate the dark world of man and to wake up the snoring humanity from deep sleep. Ramadan is a major yardstick with which to measure discipline in the life of Muslims individually and collectively.

    To wake up in the night and observe spiritual genuflexions (Nawafil); to take an early breakfast (Sahur) before dawn and abstain from eating, drinking and sexual intercourse as well as other pleasurable activities of life throughout the days of Ramadan is a collection of obligations which only the spiritual phenomenon called Ramadan can impose on man as an act of discipline.

    It is only with Ramadan that the hardest heart can be   softened and the wildest animal instinct in man can be tamed. No other pillar of Islam preaches patience, endurance, tolerance, sympathy and social welfare as effectively as Ramadan does. Ramadan is the month that levels the ground under the feet of the rich and the poor alike.

    Without this month in the life of a Muslim, the world would have been meaningless spiritually. Welcome on board of this cruising spiritual Yacht that is once again commencing a spiritual voyage on the pacific ocean of discipline towards the ‘Cape of Good Hope’. Ramadan Karim!

     

  • Ode to American Muslims

    Ode to American Muslims

    “They (the non-believers) want to extinguish the light of Allah with the winds of their mouths (but unknown to them), Allah has perfected His light even though the unbelievers passionately abhor that fact….”Q. 62: 8

     

    Monologue

    It is a fact of historical reality that Muslims anywhere in the contemporary world are brothers and sisters of other Muslims everywhere. Thus, the plight of American Muslims before the outbreak of the pandemic called coronavirus must be a concerned plight of all Muslims worldwide.

    And now that some of those American Muslims who have innocently fallen prey to that pandemic are being buried indiscriminately in the rubbles of mass graves, the concern for their plight must astronomically rise in intensity.

    This is because, given their numerical weakness and insignificant amount of wealth, the situation of Muslims in that devil’s own country is hardly better than that of a lily by the mossy stone.  But before we talk of the plight of those Muslims vis a vis the fortressing resilience that sustains the formidability of their faith, let us examine some fundamental questions that need to be fundamentally answered if only for posterity.

    For instance, how did Islam find its way into that country despite the pathological hatred of the imperialists therein for the concept of Allah as the Creator and Protector of the universe? And, how have the Muslims in that so-called ‘New World’ been coping with the implacable apartheid against their faith?

     

    Preamble

    Looking at Islam globally today vis-a-vis the multifarious problems incessantly confronting its adherents, there is tendency for some ignorant and parochial people to think vaingloriously that they have succeeded in plotting the end of Allah’s divine religion.

    That tendency is particularly manifest in Nigeria where blind imitation has become the culture of certain lotus eaters who have adopted the lifestyle of vultures that are always looking for the carcasses of preys to devour greedily.

    From their actions and utterances, the merchants of that obnoxious culture are desperately looking for anything, no matter how devilish, that can pave their ways towards profiting from it.

    But because of their untameable avarice and greed, such merchants cannot understand that when a gargantuan institution like Islam is about to take an unprecedented leap towards heightening human   civilization, it must undergo a trying moment. Such a momentary trial is an indication that an arrogant power somewhere in the world is about to fall.

    This is not new in history. Those who are adequately familiar with the World History will recall that similar scenarios had occurred to certain arrogant powers like the old Greek and Roman Empires as well as many others in the past centuries, at the peak of their arrogance.

    At least, we can still see through the spectacles of history that if the sun of the once so-called Great British Empire did not eclipse unexpectedly, at its prime, an imperialist America would not have emerged as a foremost modern day world power. And, we have not forgotten that the latter was once a colony of the former. More will be said about this, in this column, in the near future in sha’Allah.

     

    Essence of Instinct

    Instinct is the main cursor of vision. It is the indicator of where today’s cruising ship will anchor tomorrow. A man without instinct can be likened to a blind bull struggling to pass through the hole of a needle.

    An example of that assertion is now being exhibited in the United States of America. Without instinct there can be neither projection nor premonition. All visionary prophecies of the past were based on regulated divine instincts.

    It was only by divine instinct that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was able to prophesy the signs of the last days when he said: “One of the signs of the last days is for the sun to rise in the West and set in the East….” This prophecy is heavily pregnant with meanings.

    Which sun was Allah’s last Messenger to mankind   talking about? Was it the physical or the hypothetical sun? Before now, only a few people of visionary posture in the West could comprehend that prophecy as much as the celebrated Irish Christian playwright, George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950).

     

    His Prediction

    Based on his understanding of the contents of the above mentioned divine prophecy, George Bernard Shaw decided to study Islam through deep and comprehensible researches. And consequently, he concluded as follows:

    “The Medieval Ecclesiastics, either through ignorance or bigotry, painted Islam, which they renamed Mohammedanism, in the darkest colours. In fact, they were trained both to hate the man (Muhammad) and his religion.

    To them he was anti-Christ… I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing face of existence which can make itself appealing to every understanding age.

    I have studied him, the wonderful man, and in my opinion, far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the saviour of humanity.

    I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness”.

    “I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today…”

     

    Analysis

    America was just emerging as a champion of the modern world when Bernard Shaw made his famous prediction quoted above. Western civilization was then restricted to Europe and Shaw had perceived any emerging civilization from America as an extension of that of Europe.

    He had thought that whatever would be acceptable to Europe ought to be automatically acceptable to the emerging power of the New World, the latter being an offshoot of the former. Although, Islam had reached America long before Christopher Columbus arrived in what was then perceived as a New World, very little was known about the Muslims in that country until 1886 when one Moorish immigrant,  by name Noble Drew Ali, of North Carolina started to propagate Islamic faith to the black masses in that country.

    However, the fact that Noble D. Ali’s jihad became a prominent feature through the growth of media influence in the United States did not necessarily make him the first American Muslim preacher.

     

     A Valid Question

    Today, with a Muslim population of about 4 million and almost 4000 Mosques, who says Bernard Shaw’s prediction of the early 20th century has not become a reality? If there is still any country in the world today where Islam is not rapidly growing, the name of that country must be coded in retardation.

    Today, the geometrical growth of Muslim population in the US, despite all odds, has confirmed Islam as an official religion in America.

    Today, there are about 2000 Muslim associations and over 400,000 businesses as well as about 310 regular publications under the firm control of American Muslims. These are not only providing jobs for the residents, they are also enhancing America’s social security.

     

    The Root of Islam in America

    The real historical root of Islam in the US is actually traceable to 1790 when the South Carolina legislative body granted special social status to a community of Moroccans, which gave that community the freedom to practise its religion. And in 1797, President John Adams signed a legal policy declaring that United States had no “character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musulmen (Muslims)”.

    And, another American President, Benjamin Franklin’s Position  in his autobiography, published in 1791 stated as follows: “ I did not disapprove of a meeting place in Pennsylvania designed to accommodate preachers of all religions”. He concluded that: “even if the Mufti of Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach ‘Mohammedanism’ (Islam) to us, he would find a pulpit at his service”.

     

    President Thomas Jefferson’s Stand

    President Thomas Jefferson, on his own, defended religious freedom in America, including those of Muslims and, he explicitly mentioned Muslims when writing about the movement for religious freedom in Virginia.

    And, also, in his own autobiography, Thomas Jefferson wrote: “When the Virginia bill for establishing religious freedom was finally passed,… a singular proposition proved that its protection of opinion was meant to be universal.

    Where the preamble declares that coercion is a departure from the plan of the holy author of our religion, an amendment was proposed, by inserting the word ‘Jesus Christ,’ so that it should read ‘a departure from the plan of Jesus Christ, the holy author of our religion.’

    The insertion was rejected by a great majority, in proof that they meant to comprehend within the mantle of its protection for the Jews, the Gentile, the Christians and Mahometans (Muhammedans), the Hindus and the infidels of every denomination”.

    Thus, as a confirmation of that policy, President Jefferson also joined the Tunisian Ambassador for an Iftar (Ramadan fast breaking) in 1809 making him the very first American President to break fast officially with Muslims in America.

     

    Despite the propaganda through over 60,000 publications by the Western Orientalists between 1800 and 1950, disparaging  Islam and denigrating the personality of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), that divine religion continued to wax stronger even as it has consistently displayed unprecedented dynamism as a religion of all times and all ages.

    Today, with a global population of about 1.8 billion adherents around the world, and, with certain mundane ideologies and philosophies crumbling like a pack of cards before its illuminating glow, Islam has remained an unstoppable religion, in spite of implacable hostility to it just for pecuniary reason in blind countries like Nigeria.

     

    African American Muslims

    The African Americans’ involvement in the propagation of a religion of immigrants though began in 1960s/70s in the American society, Islam had actually made its way into that country in the sixteenth century when Muslims were brought as slaves from Africa but were forced to convert to Christianity.

    Those Muslims were followed by a new wave of immigrants who came in the late nineteenth century as labourers from the Middle Eastern countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

    In the second half of the twentieth century, a large number of Muslims came from virtually every country of the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia who were more sophisticated than their predecessors in Islamic understanding and propagation.

    As those immigrants settled in large cities and small towns, they built Mosques, Islamic Cultural Centres, and Schools. Today, indigenous American Muslims, who have grown in number to well over a million, have succeeded in transforming Islam into an American religion.

     

    A Track Master   

    In 1888, the American Ambassador in Philippines, Alexander Russell Webb, surprisingly became a track master by embracing Islam and by becoming the first prominent Anglo-American Muslim in history. Thus, given his status, he became the only person that represented Islam from the US at the first Parliament for the World’s Religions in 1893. That shows how long it has taken the American Muslims to take Islam through a tortuous path in its journey to success.

     

    New York Times

    In an article once published in the New York Times and entitled: ‘Muslim Schools in the U.S.: A Voice for Identity’, one Susan Sachs wrote on the rising demands for Islamic schools in the U.S. thus: “across the country, Islamic schools…that offer religion and Arabic classes…are expanding and flourishing, with many becoming oversubscribed so quickly that principals are scrambling for money to build more.

    Thus, the surge in the number of Islamic schools may be attributed to the success and determination of a Muslim community that strives “to define itself as a cohesive religious minority in the secular American society”. That was a testimony by an indigenous American to the rapid growth of Islam in a secular America.

     

    The World Street Journal

    Before the referred article, an article had earlier appeared in ‘The World Street Journal’ on August 7, 1887, which reported thus: “At a time when Marxism is so debilitated and is being shored up by capitalism; when Christianity lacks much of the missionary fire that once drove it; when Maoism is all but entombed with its founder and when democracy sounds only a muted appeal to much of the world, Islamic fundamentalism stands out as the movement on the march”.

    By and large today, not only is Islam formally recognized as the third official religion after Christianity and Judaism in the US, it has also become a tradition for the President and his cabinet to host Muslim leaders in that country to Iftar (fast breaking) during the month of Ramadan.

    Today, with technology virtually reaching its climax, and backed up by over 60% of the world’s oil reserve in the Islamic world, the rising of the sun from the West as prophesied by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is becoming an undeniably vivid reality.

    Were George Bernard Shaw alive today he would have nodded with delight to this axiomatic fact.

     

    Conclusion

    Given the above historical account, it is unimaginable that a 21st century American President like Donald Trump, who also has personal businesses in many other countries of the world, will want to rubbish his predecessors by destroying the solid foundation which those predecessors had laid for America’s greatness.

    But, if, on the other hand, he goes ahead to play a bull in the china shop it will still not be strange. After all, not every child who bears a father’s name can be truly legitimate. With an erratic executive order being signed frequently by fiat, President Donald Trump who has been seeking to ban about 134 million Muslims across seven nations with a view to banishing Islam from America may inadvertently end up being the greatest promoter of Islam in American history.

    Meanwhile, for the benefit of doubt, America and other antagonistic countries should know that Islam is like the sun in its full regalia. Any blind person who claims not to recognize its presence is only playing an ostrich. With or without recognition, the sun will always dwell majestically in the orbit with its photosynthesizing rays aglow.

    Today is today. Tomorrow is tomorrow. None can take the place of the other. That is a food for thought. When the time comes, history will automatically open up its relevant pages for reading by seekers of the truth. RAMADAN KARIM!

  • Welcoming the Guest of Guests

    Welcoming the Guest of Guests

    Femi Abass

    Human life is full of junctions. And every junction is an axis at which the baton of life is periodically changed. At a time, that baton may be positive. At another time, it may be negative. Thus, people who find themselves in a circumstance of comfort today should not expect that circumstance to remain so for ever. Ditto those who are in the circumstance of discomfort. That is a confirmation that comfort and discomfort are two phenomena of life which constantly rotate like days and nights around the axis of existence. There is no permanency in the ephemeral enclave that we call human life.

     

    Examination Hall

    For Muslims, the world of man is like an Examination Hall in which success or failure of candidates is the main determinant of what may become of the statuses of those candidates later in life. For those who do not want to be tested, however, there is a way out and that is to avoid coming into the world at all. But, can any human being claim to be alive without passing through the Examination Hall of life? Allah is so merciful to mankind that He does not leave His creatures to the cobweb of failure without providing rescue. That is why, at some periods of catastrophe or melancholy, He (Allah) sends agents of rescue to the world in form of Guests. It is this wonderful divine mercy that elicited, in yours sincerely, the thought of writing this article with the title allotted to it. Right now, as humanity is wallowing helplessly in a ‘thorny’ valley of an unexpected pandemic, a spiritual Guest, deployed by the Almighty Allah, is fast approaching the world with a rescue mission that will soon be greeted with a thunderous chorus of ALLH AKBAR1! (Meaning God is great). The name of that Guest is RAMADAN.

     

    Preamble

    Guests, everywhere in the world, are of different types. Some are on a beneficial mission and are treated with honour because of their acknowledged garland of clues to many knotty issues in human life. Some are bereft of honour because they are on empty missions that have no meaningful purpose to serve in human life. But despite the emptiness of the latter guests, they are somehow tolerated for their nuisance value. That is the other side of human life. In Islam, no litigant or defendant can be a judge in his own case just as no examinee can be the marker of his own examination paper. This message can be well understood only by wise readers of this column who are not fraudulent.

     

    Categories of Guests

    Each time we talk of guests, most people think only of humans alone in the erroneous belief that no other creature could be qualified for that dignified title. What such people don’t seem to realize consciously is that humans are just a fraction of Allah’s creatures. There are millions of other creatures that are not often noticed by man. One of such creatures is the phenomenon called ‘Season’ which often influences and sometimes regulates the conduct of environments. Seasons come in different forms with different postures and at different times of the year. They are like the tides of an ocean. They roll out spirally in quick succession and reshape the world’s environment from time to time as they come in multiples of months. No one can measure a season in the absence of months as there can be no seasons without months.

     

    Seasonal Guest

    In a few days’ time, a unique but abstract guest will arrive in the world with grandeur of clues to human problems and an array of clemency with which to serve as a bearer of succour. The arrival of this guest will be the divine catalyst with which the long awaited respite will be ushered into the minds of genuine Muslims, all over the world, as a replacement for the current tribulation that intensely grips the minds of the entire mankind. Once again, the name of that awaited guest, as mentione above, is RAMADAN.

     

    Respect for Seasons

    Europeans have so much respect for seasons that whenever they visited by an important guest, they give him a seasonal   treatment and call him an ‘August visitor’. This is because the month of August that shares that honourary term as a matter of nomenclature is the peak of summer season that harbours hospitality at its peak for the Caucasian race of Europe. In Islam, the most venerable guest of the year, throughout the world,   is the month of RAMADAN. Yet, the visiting time of that sacred month is not restricted to any particular season.

     

    A Guest of All Seasons

    The arrival of Ramadan in the world may coincide with that of any season. And that is what qualifies it eminently to be called the Guest of all seasons.

    With Ramadan as a Guest, therefore, not only the Muslims but the entire humanity is consciously or unconsciously engaged in hospitable activities as a show of respect for that great Guest. Those who cannot fast in that sacred month do take advantage of its presence to readjust their social conducts by taming the brute in them even as some of them engage in buying and selling of some relevant needs either for the purpose of humanitarian charity or for strengthening social acquaintances. Thus, there can be no indifference to the awful presence of Ramadan in any part of the world.

     

    In Retrospect

    Yours sincerely can vividly recall the description given this sacred month in this column, some years ago, which is still as relevant today as it was then. The description went thus:

    “Once every year, something creeps glamorously into the world like the early morning light. It moves kaleidoscopically into an arena where the center becomes its stool. It lifts its unraveling veil and beams a special focus on the world with an arresting attention during the days. It envelops the nights in a shroud of divine covenant and links believers’ dreams directly with fulfillments. No one, except the Almighty Allah, knows Ramadan’s port of embarkation and no human being can claim to know its destination. All we know of this sacred month is that of a Guest that is so vividly present in our world and yet so physically invisible. Its arrival in the world is often heralded by a retinue of other lunar months that form its entourage. The two most prominent among those lunar months are ‘Rajab’ and Sha’ban’.

     

    Ramadan’s Convoy

    As an annual   principal Guest to mankind, Ramadan does not come into the world of man without being accompanied by an entourage that forms its convoy. In the forefront of that entourage, to alert mankind of the imminent arrival of the globally expected Guest of Rescue are two prominent lunar months called Rajab and Sh’aban. Thus, like the sun in the midst of stars, Ramadan, on its arrival in the world, ascends the throne of human destiny in full regalia while all other months, (lunar and solar) quickly take their bow in salutation.

    In that grandiose circumstance, Ramadan can be called the king where other months are just chiefs and it can be called the doctor in a world of physically and spiritually sick people. It can also be called the compass with which to find the rightly guided way in the wilderness of life. This same sacred month can also be called the sanitizer of human soul, the sterilizer of human spirit as well as the purifier of human biological system. Besides Rajab and Sh’aban that lead the convoy of Ramadan, there are also certain invisible ministers that serve as its personal bodyguards. Among such Ministers are piety, knowledge, truth, justice and peace. All of these jointly usher that Guest of guests into the world with splendour”.

     

    Why Ramadan?

    “The ninth lunar month called Ramadan, in which fasting is divinely ordained, derived its name from the Arabic word ‘Ramd’ (meaning baking). That name had been in existence before the advent of Islamic calendar. It was coined from a baking summer that followed the then freezing winter. Ever since, Ramadan’s mission has been to firm up all loose ends in the life of man. And it does that with a ruling touch of perfection”.

     

    The Mission of Ramadan

    The 30 or 29 days of Ramadan are fully spent by Muslim believers in fasting from dawn to dusk. Such fasting is not about abstinence from foods and drinks alone. It is also about self-restraint from all sinful acts and self-equipment with a reign of impeccable discipline.  More importantly, Ramadan is about repackaging human destiny through a new but sincere resolution.

    Fasting during this sacred month is figuratively believed to be the burner of all sins. It was in this glorious month that the revelation of the divinely reformative guidance called the Qur’an first began.

    Paradise and Hell

    In the sacred month of Ramadan, all gates of Paradise, according to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), are wide open for all those aspiring to gain entry into it while the gates of Hell are tightly closed. That is a mark of Allah’s mercy for remorseful Muslims

    Who do not want to remain in the fetters of Satan.

     

    Classification

    Traditionally, Ramadan is classified into three segments. The first ten days in the month are said to be of blessings galore for pious Muslims who need Allah’s blessings and seek them spiritually. The second ten days are believed to personify forgiveness for those who realize the gravity of their sinful acts, repent on them and resolve never to return to such sinful acts again. And, the last ten days, are divinely earmarked for spiritual emancipation of mankind from the shackles of satanic   slavery. Thus, Ramadan, in the psychological and spiritual comprehension of its mission in the life of mankind, is, by far, beyond an ordinary   month. It should   really be seen as a whole season that serves as an exemplary template for other seasons.

    The Night of Power

    It is in the last segment of Ramadan, which consists of the last ten days of the sacred month that a particular night called ‘Laylatul Qadr’ (Night of Power) in which the secret of human destiny is encapsulated. Meeting that night consciously and spiritually is like securing the master key to one’s own permanent apartment in Paradise. However, to meet that night, there is a proviso. And the proviso is that one needs to remain awake throughout those last 10 nights to be fortunate to meet the D night of majesty.

    It must, however, be noted that Allah did not disclose, even to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), which particular night of the sacred month of Ramadan is called Laylatul Qadr. Nevertheless, by asking the Muslims to look for it in the odd nights of the last ten days, the Prophet has helped the rightly guided Muslim Ummah tremendously. But, who can be so sure of the odd nights in that segment of the month when the issue of sighting the crescent before commencing Ramadan fast is often controversial? That is why it is better for all fasting Muslims to keep the entire 10 nights of that segment awake.

     

    Spiritual Seclusion

    The last ten days of Ramadan also grant a rare opportunity to some willing Muslims, in accordance with the tradition of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), to either go for Umrah in Makkah or take to I’tikaf (spiritual seclusion) locally, to reaffirm their total submission to Allah. Following this is a session of charity made compulsory for all Muslims irrespective of age, gender and status. Such charity is given to the poor and the needy especially in the neighbourhood or in a  lager vicinity. This charity is called Zakatul Fitr or Sadaqatul Fitr. It is given out in the very early morning of Ramadan Festival Day called ‘Idul Fitr’ or the night before it, to enable the poor and the needy celebrate the festival with the Ummah in a festive mood.

     

    Preparation

    Islam is not a religion of levity. The spiritual seriousness of this divine religion is such that everything that needs to be done in it requires preparation.

    For instance, to observe Salat, Muslims prepare by performing ‘wudu’ (ablution) or even Guslu (bath) when necessary. To pay Zakah, Muslims prepare by calculating their annual income and working out Nisab (net income) on which payable amount should be based. And to perform Hajj, Muslims prepare by knotting up  the intention to that effect and by paying any outstanding debt as well as by taking care of the home front for family members. It is that same spiritual concept that warrants the monitoring of the appearance of the crescent as the   symbol of preparation for Ramadan fast.

    Indices of Recognition

    Although the indices of recognizing the beginning and the end of the month of Ramadan are naturally vivid to those who care, sighting the crescent is foremost among those indices.

    Ramadan is not preceded by two glorious lunar months of ‘Rajab’ and ‘Sha’ban for fun. The number of days in those two months is to enable any serious Muslim know the time of the arrival of Ramadan and prepare for it. In Islam, no lunar month exceeds 30 days and none is less than 29 days.

    Therefore, crescent or no crescent, it is very possible and easy to know when to start Ramadan every year even without waiting to be prompted. The regular confusion often created by the sighting or non-sighting of the crescent, especially before the commencement of Ramadan is therefore avoidable.

    Anti-climax

    The first day of the month of Shawwal, immediately after Ramadan, which is traditionally spent in great celebrations with rejoice and observed as ‘Fast-Breaking Festival’ (Eidul Fitr) by Muslims when a congregational prayer is observed in accordance with the Prrphetic ‘Sunnah’, is the anti-climax of the sacred month of Ramadan. That festival itself has its own preparation and methodology.

    Questions

    Looking at the uniqueness of Islam as a religion in terms of hygiene, dressing, spiritual discipline in observance of Salat, the spirit of charity which Zakah and Sadaqah represent, the rules and regulations guiding social interaction during Hajj performance and the codes of the divine law that governs the lives of Muslims as accentuated by the month of Ramadan, one cannot but ask relevant question as follows:

    Where else can one find a Guest like Ramadan? Where else can one meet a Guest that serves as the host to his supposed hosts and becomes a supernatural doctor that heals mankind of ignorance and physical diseases? It was probably more to Ramadan than to man that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) referred when he said: “whoever believes in Allah and the ‘Last Day’ should venerate his guests”. That is why Muslims often greet one another in this unique month thus: ‘RAMADAN KARIM!