Category: Tourism

  • Organisers postpone Ikeji  festival

    Organisers postpone Ikeji festival

    Arondizuogu Patriotic Union and Elveden Resources wish to inform all indigenes of Arondizuogu home and abroad and all intending guests that the Ikeji Heritage Festival 2020 has been suspended due to the novel Coronavirus pandemic and attendant lockdown order and ban on gatherings above 20 persons by the Federal and State Governments to contain the spread.

    It is no longer news that since Nigeria recorded its index case, the number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Nigeria and across States have continued to increase, hence, all masquerade parades, carnivals, and jamborees associated with the celebration of the Ikeji Arondizuogu Heritage Festival 2020 remain suspended until a time advisable by the authorities.

    Anyone violating government order will be made to face the full weight of the law. To all our sponsors and partners, we will update you with developments as they unfold.

    We appeal with you all to continue to keep faith with us.  May God continue to shield us from all evil.

     

  • UNWTO: tourist numbers could fall 60-80 per cent  in 2020

    UNWTO: tourist numbers could fall 60-80 per cent in 2020

    Our Reporter

     

    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a 22 per cent fall in international tourist arrivals during the first quarter of 2020, the latest data from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) shows.

    According to the United Nations specialized agency, the crisis could lead to an annual decline of between 60  per cent and 80 per cent when compared with 2019 figures.

    This places millions of livelihoods at risk and threatens to roll back progress made in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

    UNWTO Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili said: “The world is facing an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Tourism has been hit hard, with millions of jobs at risk in one of the most labour-intensive sectors of the economy.

    Available data reported by destinations point to a 22 per cent decline in arrivals in the first three months of the year, according to the latest UNWTO World Tourism Barometer.

    Arrivals in March dropped sharply by 57 per cent  following the start of a lockdown in many countries, as well as the widespread introduction of travel restrictions and the closure of airports and national borders.

    This translates into a loss of 67 million international arrivals and about US$80 billion in receipts (exports from tourism).

    Although Asia and the Pacific shows the highest impact in relative and absolute terms (-33 million arrivals), the impact in Europe, though lower in percentage, is quite high in volume (-22 million).

     

  • Tourism stakeholders kick against COVID-19 Committee for Creative Industry

    Tourism stakeholders kick against COVID-19 Committee for Creative Industry

    Our Reporter

     

    Stakeholders in the tourism industry have called the Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed to, as a matter of urgency, set up a COVID-19 tourism committee just like the one for the creative sector.

    This, they say, has become necessary in the light of tourism and hospitality sector being the hardest hit by the pandemic worldwide.

    They also express unhappiness with what they perceived as the relegation of the tourism industry to the background in favour of the creative industry.

    The Board of Trustees Chairman of the Federation of Tourism Associations of Nigeria, Chief Samuel Alabi expressed his unhappiness with the inability of the Federal Government, through the supervisory ministry of Information and Culture to carry private sector investor in hospitality and  tourism industry practitioners along.

    He said: “Since the time of ex-tourism minister Edem Duke, you will observe that the creative industry has been given an edge in the Ministry of Information and Culture. If you also observed, the NIHOTOUR  Board of Trustees Chairman then, was an artiste.

    So, you will see the trend of events, you will see that the ministry is edging towards giving more attention to the creative industry in lieu of the core tourism industry. It is the same mistake that occurred when the then President Goodluck Jonathan granted intervention fund or grant to the creative industry.

    So, because of that fund, the successive ministers of tourism always align with that.” Alabi said it was a mistake on the part of the ministry to always put the creative industry ahead of the core tourism sector.

    He lamented that the ministry has relegated the tourism industry to the background despite its huge importance to the country’s economy.

    “I cannot understand the reason for making a person from the creative industry in charge of tourism. I see no reason for it those that are supposed to lead the committee are now the bank benchers.”

    The FTAN President, Alhaji Saleh Rabo also expressed his unhappiness with the ministry of Information and Culture is handling the issue regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry.

    He said in an interview with a local television station: “We wrote a position paper on the impact of the COVID-19 and the hospitality and tourism industry.

    We were expecting them to call us and sit down with us because the know the kind of contribution we make to the GDP of the country and in terms of employment, the number of people the hospitality and tourism industry employs.

    But unfortunately, yesterday we just saw a list of the creative industry committee. As far as I am concern, that is the creative industry committee not the tourism industry committee.  There is nobody from the tourism mindustry6. We were just mentioned by the side that we were expected to bring in our nomination.

    If you are creating an industry that has to do with the tourism industry, are you not expected to make the tourism practitioners the majority members of that particular committee? That was not done.

    We remember last week, when the minister was asked a question about tourism during the press briefing of the presidential task force on COVID-19, he was speaking on creative industry. I think something is wrong. The best way to achieve success and to be able to move forward is for them to call us.

    We are the drivers of the tourism industry. Government set the environment for us to work well, but if they don’t call us for us to discuss, I don’t think we can achieve anything. As it now, they are not inviting us; they are not telling us anything. I went to see the minister twice.”

    Meanwhile, the FTAN President had revealed that the adverse impact of  Covid-19 on Nigeria’s tourism and hospitality industry is catastrophic.

    Accordingly, the President appealed to the Federal Government of Nigeria to include domestic Tourism and Hospitality businesses and operators in the planned N500 billion Covid-19 intervention fund and other proposed palliative measures.

    Alhaji Saleh Rabo said, “The inclusion of Nigeria’s Tourism and Hospitality industry in the Federal Government’s Covid-19 economic stimulus package and palliative measures is expedient and justified.”

    Alhaji Rabo pleaded that “the Federal Government of Nigeria should rapidly intervene to save our industry by implementing tourism business-friendly fiscal and monetary measures, up to the tune of One Hundred and Fifty Billion Naira.

    However, we recommend that the government, through the Economic Sustainability Committee, should apply the N150 billion intervention fund on a combination of different forms of fiscal and monetary measures and palliatives including operational tax reliefs, investments tax holidays, import duty waivers, financial grants for domestic tour operators and other struggling SMEs in the industry.”

    Alhaji Rabo continued that, “Aside from government’s fiscal and monetary intervention measures, Nigeria’s tourism industry urgently requires transformational tourism development policies and programs to both jumpstart and sustain exponential growth of the industry.”

    The FTAN President went ahead to list and to describe some tourism development policies which could be implemented in Nigeria to promote sustainable tourism development including to Incentivize Tourism Investment, Domestic Tourism Promotion, Tourist Host Community Programs, setup of a Tourism Advisory Council, and the Establishment of a Tourism Development Fund.

  • Commission wants Ajayi Crowther monument enlisted in national museum

    Commission wants Ajayi Crowther monument enlisted in national museum

    The National Commission for Museum and Monument (NCMM) on Monday advocated the enlistment of Bishop Ajayi Crowther monument as a national monument for boosting Nigeria’s tourism.

    The former Curator, National Museum of Unity, Dr Amos Olorunnipa, made the call in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Monday in Ibadan, Oyo State.

    Olorunnipa said what attracted the commission to monuments relating to Samuel Ajayi Crowther were the ruins of his ancestral home and the tree, where he was tied up when he was captured as a slave in Osoogun, Oyo State.

    He said that the Oyo State Government presented the site for nomination as a national monument in 2004 when the NCMM was compiling monuments across the nation to commemorate the centenary celebration of Nigeria’s amalgamation.

    The heritage consultant added that the site was chosen as one of the 100 monuments to be declared as centenary monuments in 2014.

    The compilation and submission of the monuments were done, awaiting the legislative process.

    “Nevertheless at the state level, efforts are being made to bring stakeholders together on how a management plan can be put in place to fast track the development of the site for tourism purposes.

    “The statue is a recent development; it was erected by one of the sons of Osoogun to commemorate Samuel Ajayi Crowther, which is seen as a good development.

    READ ALSO: A dishonour to Crowther at home

    “Effort is being made to bring together the stakeholders which include, Osoogun, the Anglican Communion, local, state and federal governments.

    “The interest here is not only the ruins, tree and statue associated with Ajayi Crowther, but his personality is also a heritage to preserve.

    “The aim is to use the site to promote his legacy and develop the site as a resource centre with museums, library and recreation among others.

    “Such promotion will boost tourism and in turn, the village and state economy,’’ he said.

    He said that the monument site faced numerous challenges that included not being legally protected, gazetted and having proclamation yet as a state or national monument.

    According to him, there is no visible development activities on the site.

    Olorunnipa, therefore, urged key stakeholders to come together to fashion out a road map for the development of the site.

    “Also, the National Museum of Unity, Ibadan is making effort to get one of the primary stakeholders, Anglican Communion to be actively involved.

    “A visit to the Diocese is being planned,’’ he said.

    (NAN)

  • COVID-19: Don’t lose hope — Amachree

    COVID-19: Don’t lose hope — Amachree

    By Okorie Uguru

    Father of Tourism in Nigeria, Chief Mike Amachree, has told the industry practitioners and stakeholders to persevere during this hard period the industry is currently facing as a result of corona virus (COVID 19).

    He said it was important for the practitioners to persevere as the pandemic would soon be over.

    Chief Amachree made the call in a press release. He said:  “The travel industry is passing through a challenging and very difficult time globally. The industry is hardest hit by COVID 19 pandemic that has made many countries shut down their borders and the airlines to stop flying.

    “We have also seen many hotels closing or partially closing down due to the effect of the pandemic. When airlines are not flying into destinations, it is difficult for top branded hotels to maintain profitable occupancy rate and to stay afloat. Even locally, when there is a restriction in movement, it affects the small hotels negatively.

    Read Also: The big lesson from COVID-19 — Consultant surgeon, Lagos General Hospital

    “We have also seen cinema houses, eateries, museums and parks empty. These are all challenges to the sector. In a recent press conference by the ex-President of the National Association of Nigerian Travel Agencies (NANTA), Mr. Bankole Bernard, he said the travel agencies had lost more than 180 billion naira in business as a result of this pandemic. It is serious but as industry practitioners, we must not give up hope on the ability of tourism to rebound from major global setbacks. We saw this happen at a lower level with SARS, Ebola and others, we are equally very optimistic that the tourism industry will overcome this set back.”

    Amachree equally said at this period, the industry would need a lot of support from government to get back on its feet: “According to UNWTO experts, the estimate loss of the industry as a result of COVID 19 globally may be up to one trillion Dollars.  We have seen big hotels like Eko Hotels and Suites that employ thousands of people partially closed because of the pandemic; others may not be far from doing that if the trend continues. You can then imagine the job loss that this will trigger. It is really not easy but I encourage travel practitioners and stakeholders to remain strong still as this will equally pass.”

    Amachree  used the opportunity to praise the efforts of the leadership of the Federation of Tourism Associations of Nigeria (FTAN) by taking time to go round some tourism establishments to see how they are coping.

  • Obey closure order, commissioner warns Lagos hotel, tourism operators

    Obey closure order, commissioner warns Lagos hotel, tourism operators

    By Okorie Uguru

    Lagos State Commissioner for Tourism, Arts and Culture, Mrs. Uzamat Akinbile-Yussuf, has urged operators of hotels and tourism-related outfits to comply with the directive of Governor  Babajide Sanwo-Olu, to shut their facilities temporarily as part of efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19.

    The commissioner said that the directive of the governor that there should be no social gathering of more than 25 persons and the observance of social distancing should be adhered to strictly by the concerned operators.

    According to Akinbile-Yussuf, the call has become necessary following the discovery that some operators have been defying the governor’s order by encouraging large gathering in their facilities.

    The Commissioner explained that state government prioritizes the well-being of its citizens and would not compromise the safety of residents.

    Read Also: May Lagos not be like New York

    She noted that the temporary closure is to enforce the social distancing of limited numbers of persons which might be difficult when their facilities are in full session.

    She warned that the state government would punish errant operators to serve as deterrent to others.

    She said: “If anyone flouts this order, the government will not hesitate to seal up such premises and shall only be opened at the end of the pandemic and payment of appropriate fine.”

    ‘’Therefore, all hotels, event centres, bars and restaurants,  lounge, spas, theme parks/amusement parks, entertainment grounds among others fall into this category and are enjoined to comply strictly to this directive,’’ she added.

  • Goge Africa set to mark 20th anniversary

    Goge Africa set to mark 20th anniversary

    By Okorie Uguru

    Goge Africa, a television, travel and tour company, is set to mark its 20th anniversary.  However, the anniversary activities will be activated after the Coronavirus pandemic is contained.

    In a recent chat with the media jointly addressed by the managing director of the company, Mr. Isaac Moses, and the chief executive officer (CEO),  Mrs. Nneka Moses, the company  said it has lined up activities for the celebration, including giving back to the society through youths’ training.

    Also as part of the activities, Goge Africa will be partnering the Actors’ Guild of Nigeria(AGN), private companies and government agencies to teach youths on how to make a successful career in tourism and promote top tourist sites and destinations in Nigeria and Africa.

    The CEO said:  “We decided that what we didn’t have should be provided for others and make their lives better than ours. So, the training is completely free and 50 people have indicated interest. The Nigerian Institute of Tourism and Hospitality (NIHOTOUR) is our national institute in charge of tourism training. That is why they are one of our key partners.

    “The facilitators cut across the industry: those who have been in the tourism for many years. They are bringing to bear their experience. So, also those who are practitioners are also bringing to bear their experience. We are relying a lot on our partners, the  NIHOTOUR, to make sure that the training happens”.

    Explaining further on the training and empowerment for youths, Isaac Moses said: “ The financial literacy course is another key area. It is  very important.  Whatever we do, at the end of the day, it is to put food on our table. So, we have to be very  prudent in handling our finance.

    “So, with the slump in our oil sector, the next best thing is to look into how we can use the tourism sector to earn money, create jobs and make our lives better. Part of the jobs we have put together is practical, tour packages and  marketing, successful tour guiding, effective hospitality management skills , effective communication and inter-personal skills, social media and tourism, photography training. This is where our partner, Studio 24, comes in because this is the era of  digital age and photography is always key. Your phone comes in handy. In tourism we live the experience in any destination.

    “At the end of the day, we hope the participants would learn what it takes to become 21st tourism entrepreneurs. We will also be sharing our experience with them.”

    On why they are partnering the AGN, they explained: “Whether deliberately or not, overtime, Nollywood has been laundering the Nigerian image worldwide, and, of course, on our part, we have helped in projecting Nigeria’s culture and tourism.  Nollywood has been doing that perhaps without any need to do so. They are doing their jobs and in the process, Nigeria’s image is laundered and also creating jobs in the process.

    “Now, we have decided to go out of our way to partner each other in doing what we do. We are sure the impact will be phenomenal.  Because we are 20 years, we decided to cut out series with the Actors’ Guild of Nigeria on 20 Must Visit Destinations in Africa because African governments have keyed into our programme. But we say to ourselves, as a proudly Nigerian brand, why can’t we do 20 Must Visit Destinations in Nigeria?”

    “Nigeria is dotted with most amazing tourist sites, those you know and those you don’t know. In those 20 or 20 something years of our travels, there are places in Nigeria that still stands out. So, we decided that in trying to project these placdes within Nigeria-our culture, our heritage, investment opportunities that we have, who will be one of our best partners? We said why not we partner with Actors Guild of Nigeria. The reason for this being that a lot of them have following, on and off line. Imagine any of our celebrities in Nollywood taking us to places that they have seen or would like to see.  What we are trying to do is this: if you are from Ekiti State, don’t show me Ekiti, tell me where in Nigeria that you love. Your followers would be like, okay  if you go to a different destination and relishing the attractions and culinary offerings, people would say okay, there must be something in that place. He is not from there. So, all these people we are training as tour guides and tour operators would now have places to sell and market to sell it to.  And also faces to sell them with. It is a kind of private sector-private sector partnership.  We cannot wait for government to everything. If we have the idea and what it takes, we could start and government will join us.”

  • Argungu fishing festival  makes grand return

    Argungu fishing festival makes grand return

    UGURU OKORIE

     

    FOR some years now, Argungu in Kebbi  State has found other economic activities  to occupy the community outside tourism. It used to be a destination where top African leaders, government functionaries and tourists from different parts of the world jostled to go to. Its annual fishing festival, the Argungu Fishing Festival, was a major pull for tourists from all over the world.

    The only other tourism product that hitherto had such a pull in the North was the grand durbar in the Kano Emirate, Kano State.  However, lack of political will, security challenges and consistency rubbed Argungu of its shine as the festival was put on hold.

    The last Argungu festival was held  ten years ago under the former governor of the state, Alhaji Sai’du Dakingari.

    Ten years after the edition, the festival made a grand return to the ancient city of Argungu last week. This year’s edition was welcome with so much enthusiasm by thousands of participants who flocked to Argungu in search of fame and fortune through participation.

    Argungu fishing festival makes grand return - The Nation Nigeria

    There was an atmosphere of festivity all over Argungu.  The major streets of the town were filled with people. Some participants came almost a week to the grand finale.  Most crowded areas like the Matan Fada Roundabout, through Kofar Tudu, thousands of fishermen from different states gathered for the festival.

    Argungu International Fishing Festival is a traditional fishing festival involving thousands of fishermen who jump into the Matan Fada River in search of the biggest catch.

    To many, it is a lifetime opportunity for fame and fortune and would go the extra miles to insure success. Some are ready to risk their lives, travelling hundreds of kilometres to participate. Ladan Manu came from Gomawa to participate.

    He talked about the preparation: “I came yesterday, that is Friday. I came looking for fish to feed my family and possibly sell some.” Asked about the kind of preparation for the festival before coming, he said: “What you need to do is to buy the net and gourd.

    You will come and wait. Between 8am and 9am, you will prepare and move to the river bank. “You will get a place and wait. When it is time, the trumpet would sound three times.   Once you hear the first trumpet, you would stand and get ready.

    You will still wait after the second trumpet, but once you hear the third trumpet, you will run as fast as possible to get to the river.  You will then begin fishing. It is only Allah that gives.”

    Manu said this edition was his fourth participation and had the opportunity to catch different species of fish. Before leaving my house to Argungu, I will fetch clean water and bath and pray to God and tell him I am on way and he should help me. I don’t engage in any other untoward practice.

    Earlier, during his welcome address to  at the agricultural show before the grand finale, the Emir of Argungu, Alhaji Samaila Mera, said: “ This festival has been held for 86 years. Your presence at this gathering today is of huge significance as it fills the gap which remained open since your first outing as the military head of state.

    Read Also: Argungu Festival: ‘Fed Govt to build local capacity’

    “Every head of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has, at one time or the other, witnessed the festival except you and the late General Murtala Muhammed. It has been ten years since this festival was last held because of numerous challenges which are too well known to be mentioned here. With the help of the federal and state governments, all stakeholders, all these challenges have been overcome.

    “The festival has become a symbol of diverse people’s culture, tradition, aspiration and solidarity.”

    The Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, commended the festival for its richness and diversity. He said: “Yesterday, we saw this innovation, a water bicycle. That is technology. Mr. President came and we saw  pyramid paddies, that is agriculture.

    But one area that didn’t occur to me was the area of environment. I didn’t know that the people of Kebbi long before anybody started thinking about conservation, about environment, had been practising conservation and environmental wellness. Unknown to many of us, you cannot just jump into that river and fish. It is protected. You can only fish in them at a given time.”

    The crowd of both visitors at this year’s event may pass as one of the largest the organisers may have seen.  It was herculean making the stand close to a kilometre away from the river, behind the rice farms. The speaker was not loud enough to reach them.

    It led to the participants jumping the gun to rush into the river before the main signal. The organisers were expecting all their VIP guests to come before the fishing competition, but the participants beat gun and rushed to the river at about 10:30am.

    That was the little hiccup, but despite that, it was all excitement all the way as thousands probably about 30,000 fishermen rushed into the water in search of the biggest catch.

    After hours in the freezing water, three persons came up with  catches of 78 kg (Abubakar Yau), 75 kg (Bala Yahaya-Bagaye) and 70 kg (Maiwake Sani Salami) to emerge winners of this year’s event.

    Many participants and visitors lauded the the Kebbi State government for bringing back the festival after 10 years. However, they believe that a lot of areas need to be improved upon.

    For a popular festival that attracts thousands to the ancient town, it is rather surprising that there is no commercial accommodation facilities in Argungu. There are government chalets and guest houses. The Fishing Village also has some sub-standard housing facilities.

    The government should make conscious effort to encourage investors to invest in hospitality. This has become  important as the hotels will serve the agricultural mills that are now springing up in Argungu.

    The organisers need to come out with a better plan for crowd and traffic management in and around the event venue. Too many people crowded the place making movement difficult. The security personnel that came with the invited VIPs, while trying to help control the crowd, made it worse.

  • ATQ News unveils nominees for Balafon Awards

    ATQ News unveils nominees for Balafon Awards

    OKORIE UGURU

     

    ATQ News has released the list of nominees for the 2020 Balafon Awards to be recognised at the 6th Accra Weizo, the West African tourism and travel fair, scheduled to take place in June. Voting has commenced online on ATQNews.com.

    The organizers are also calling on the public to send in their nominations  for the Award of the Decade  and that nominations and voting will close on May 11.

    The prestigious Balafon Award of excellence has been received by several deserving individuals and corporate bodies in the West Africa.

    Read Also: Nominees emerge for Nigeria Pitch Awards

    Past winners include the Director General of the National Council for Arts & Culture of Nigeria, Otunba Olusegun Runsewe (2019 Tourism Man of the Year), Captain Solomon Quainoo (2019 Aviation Man of the Year), and Stella Fubara of Dubai Tourism (2018 Travel Personality of the Year).

    Past corporate winners include: Carnival Calabar, Air Peace, Kotoka International Airport, Kempinski Gold Coast Hotel, Accra and many more.

    This year, in addition to the usual annual awards, several worthy individuals and leading corporate entities in the industry will be honoured with awards of the decade.

    The winners of the 2020 Balafon Awards will be published on ATQNews.com before the 6th Accra Weizo takes place. Accra Weizo themed, “seamless travel is West Africa,” is the regional travel and tourism expo which brings industry professionals together across West Africa.

  • Preparation for transport summit  concluded

    Preparation for transport summit concluded

    OKORIE UGURU

     

    Arrangements have been concluded for the third edition of the annual National Tourism Transport Summit (NTTS).

    The event will hold from April 27 to 28 at the International Conference Centre (ICC), Abuja. The theme for this year’s edition is ‘Tourism and Transportation Connectivity and Mobility for Sustainable Growth and Development.’

    The Institute for Tourism Professionals of Nigeria (ITPN), a stakeholder of the National Council on Transportation (NCT), has concluded arrangements, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture, Federal Ministry of Transportation and the Federal Ministry of Aviation  for this year’s edition.

    The past two editions of the summit  of the summit  focused on strengthening  the nexus between tourism and transportation to foster development in the sectors.

    According the organizers of the summit, the need for developing programmes of inter-ministerial cooperation between bodies responsible for tourism and transport is important to improve and strengthen the basic conditions for the sustainable development of both industries. This, they say, is the focus of NTTS.

    Read Also: AU Summit: Buhari seeks new strategy against terrorism

     

    According to the head of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) of the summit, Chief Abiodun Odusanwo,  the NTTS is created to deliberate on the complex relationship between transport provision and tourism in boosting the national economy.

    He said the summit offers a unique opportunity to meet with regulators, decision makers, influencers, technocrats, specifiers, investors and highly engaged delegates from tourism, aviation, maritime, railways, airport operations, road transportation, national and international travel and transportation organisations, including operators in the tourism and hospitality value chain.”

    He said the Presidency will be leading on the policy direction of the federal government, while the mass transportation will be led by the Minister of Transportation, Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi, with the support of the Minister of State for Transportation,  Gbemisola Saraki, and the Minister for Information, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, will be the chief tourism host leading the tourism and cultural sector.

    The aviation minister, Senator Hadi Sirika, is expected to lead on the aviation sector. Other sessions of the summit will include keynote presentations from captains of industry, international organizations and agencies under the federal ministries of transportation, information and culture.

    It is expected that the exhibition, B2B and G2B sessions will expose attendees to a plethora of public private partnership investment opportunities in the transportation and tourism public sectors and of companies showcasing their products and services.

    It will also provide a rare opportunity for high level government officials to discuss and get insight from both domestic and international investors fostering joint ventures, domestic and foreign direct investments.

    Participants at the two-day event will be drawn from  both domestic and international investors fostering jointventures, domestic and foreign direct investments.