Tag: Abubakar Audu

  • Kogi: Why we chose Bello – Oyegun

    Kogi: Why we chose Bello – Oyegun

    The National Chairman of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Chief John Odigie-Oyegun, said on Thursday the party is still making moves to reconcile those aggrieved with the choice of Alhaji Yahaya Bello as the party governorship candidate in Kogi State.

    The party picked Bello  to replace its governorship candidate in Kogi, Abubakar Audu, who died last month.

    Oyegun, who spoke at a meeting with leaders of the APC from Kogi East Senatorial District, said the party settled for Bello with the PDP in mind, adding that the APC was aware that whatever decision it came up, somebody will be offended.

    He said, “INEC asked us to replace the late Prince Abubakar Audu, The party opted for something can we defend better if they go to court. That was the basis of our decision. But of course it created understandable anguish.

    “We took the decision knowing fully well that someone was bound to get offended. And we were very conscious of the very peculiar circumstance of a group that was on the doorstep of victory. So in the circumstance, we did what we interpreted legally as the best way out of the logjam we were in, always having our eyes on the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and what they may likely bring up in court.

    “So what we are trying to do is to say we know you are badly bruised, we hope tempers are cooling down. We hope we can now talk about the next steps that will restore some semblance of normalcy all over Kogi State.

    “In politics, everybody works for his own inheritance. It is not passed on from father to child. Of course the father can help the child and no question about that. The child can benefit from the father’s influence, personality and the rest. But he has to earn it. Politics is not an inheritance.”

  • Kogi: Group rejects reconciliatory committee

    Kogi: Group rejects reconciliatory committee

    As  the political crisis rocking Kogi State following the outcome of November 21st governorship poll has refused to die down, a group, Kogi Patriots  has rejected a reconciliatory committee set up by the All Progressive Congress (APC) to resolve the crisis surrounding the poll.

    The group in a statement it issued Thursday in Lokoja which was jointly signed by the national chairman, Dr Ben Agama, the national coordinator, Engr. Joseph Ahmed, as well as Mr. Tunde Badmus, copies of which were made available to journalists described as laughable, the party’s national leadership purported setting up of a committee to reconcile the supposed aggrieved parties, knowing too well that the only acceptable condition for reconciliation is to return “the stolen mandate of Hon. James Faleke who was the joint holder of the mandate given to Prince Abubakar Audu.”

    The group said with the number of votes and local governments won by the Audu/Faleke, it was loud and clear who the state wanted as their governor and deputy respectively.

    They threatened that if the mandate was not returned to Faleke the party will meet unimaginable consequences in the future elections.

  • Kogi: From tragedy  to farce

    Kogi: From tragedy to farce

    Kogi State residents were still struggling to come to terms with the sudden death of Abubakar Audu, their former governor who was on the cusp of returning to Lugard House for a record third stint, following his commanding showing in the November 21 election.

    Amidst the mourning and the wailing, tragedy quickly turned into farce.  And the whole thing has remained a perfect calendar of farce ever since.

    I am not referring to the jubilation that punctured the funereal ambience, following reports that Audu had resurrected, Lazarus-style, on account of a miracle worker’s intercession.  Elsewhere, that would be farcical indeed.  But in Nigeria, such claims, and even more brazen ones, are made routinely by syndicated charlatans with eyes on the main chance.

    This long-running farce began when, without research and without consultation, the returning officer, Professor Emmanuel Kucha, declared the election outcome inconclusive.  Audu and his running mate on the APC ticket had built a lead that their opponent, incumbent Governor Idris Wada, could not surmount even if he won every ballot in the constituencies where the voting had to be rescheduled because of logistic problems or election malpractices

    The APC, said INEC chair, would have to nominate a candidate to replace Audu.  That candidate would then pick a running mate, and together, they would face Wada in a supplementary poll.

    The Federal Attorney-General, who had not figured in the matter thus far, weighed in and endorsed INEC’s position.

    If INEC stuck to its decision, the bet was that Faleke would replace Audu at the head of a new ticket and then pick a running mate for the final stage of the election.  That seemed to be the position of the APC, a position dictated by common sense and backed by some of the nation’s leading attorneys.

    Nonsense, thundered Olisa Metuh, the last man standing in a long line of hacks who made the PDP the odious brand that it was and has remained.  With Audu’s death, he said, the APC had “crashed out” of the contest and the PDP’s candidate who had the second highest vote tally was the outright winner.  For stating otherwise, INEC’s chair and the Federal Attorney-General should resign immediately, he demanded.

    Resign, and then what comes next?

    But Metuh is not in the business of proposing solutions.  With him, nothing succeeds like bombast, and the more sophomoric the bombast, the more he celebrates it as a mark of achievement.

    Emboldened by Metuh, Wada who had won in only five of the 21 local government areas compared to the Audu ticket’s 16, found his voice.  He proclaimed himself winner of the election.

    Meanwhile, a solution that had seemed so commonsensical was vitiated by lawyers and non-lawyers canvassing a solution guaranteed to muddy the waters and generate maximum confusion. Faleke could not replace Audu, they said, because Audu had not been “duly elected”  governor at the time he died. Beside, Faleke had not participated in the primaries that threw up Audu.  It made no difference that he is joint legatee, with Audu, of the votes cast for the APC.

    Then, in a move that baffled and confounded its supporters, and the attentive public, the APC caved in to INEC and the Attorney General and agreed, per its National Chairman, Chief John Odigie-Oyegun, to hold a primary to pick a replacement for Audu.   It was like snatching defeat from the jaws of unassailable victory and sowing the seeds of bitter conflict within the party.

    In its new wisdom, the APC settled for Yahaya Bello who had come a very distant second in the primaries that threw up Audu, and had contributed nothing to Audu’s campaign.  He was even reported to be preparing to defect to the PDP after his loss.  It is a measure of his political standing and influence that he lost his ward to the PDP in the November 21 election. In a curious reversal, Faleke was designated Bello’s running mate.

    Faleke, insisting that he was the rightful person to step into Audu’s shoes, had made it abundantly clear that he was not available to serve as Bello’s or anybody’s running mate.  But  the upshot was that Bello who had contributed nothing to the Audu/Faleke ticket stood to inherit the votes the twain had garnered, the very votes they said Faleke could not inherit.

    They went to the supplementary poll with that arrangement anyway, and Bello was proclaimed winner.  When added to the votes the Audu/Faleke ticket had won, the 6,885 cast for Bello’s dubious APC ticket last Saturday resulted in a plurality of more than 40, 000 votes.

    Bello has since been proclaimed governor-elect of Kogi State.  But no rejoicing, no dancing in the streets, no victory lap, has followed this strange victory.

    When reminded that Faleke had declined to serve as Bello’s mate, the returning officer had  replied curtly that Faleke could not do so since it was the APC that had designated him Bello’s running mate.  The APC is going to rue this one.

    Trust Olisa Metuh to stir things up.  Designating Bello governor-elect, he said, amounted to “a waste of time, a waste of scarce national resources and ridiculous shadow-chasing.”

    By the PDP’s reckoning, he said, Bello – “one Bello” he called him, with his trademark condescension — had scored only 6,885 votes in the supplementary election, as against Wada’s 204, 877 votes overall in the election.  The votes cast for the Audu/Faleke ticket in the earlier election had died with Audu. Wada was, therefore, the undisputed winner.

    In a rare moment of sobriety, he refrained from declaring that Wada had won  by a landslide. Perhaps the word had escaped him in the heat of composition. Something tells me he will deploy at his next press conference.

    So, there you have it.

    There are now three claimants to the gubernatorial perch at Lugard House in the Kogi capital, Lokoja: Wada, who lost at each stage of the election, Faleke, who was poised to win with Audu until Audu died at their moment of triumph, and Bello, who was substituted for Audu in a process that cannot pass the test of fairness and equity.

    There is even a fourth claimant:  None of the above.

    And each claimant has a formidable team of attorneys in its corner.

    I am here reminded of a quip about lawyers I first heard from the late Chief Bayo Kuku, a corporate lawyer of no mean repute.  A lawyer, he said self-deprecatingly, is the one who, when two parties are fighting over a cow, steps in between to milk the cow.  I am sure the lawyers will figure out how to proceed with the milking when there are three or more parties claiming ownership of the cow.

    The courts are going to have a hard time figuring out this one.

    It would be the height of judicial perversity if they found for Wada or Bello.  But anything can happen in a judicial system mired in perversity.

  • Honouring Abubakar Audu

    The finality of death is the coldest and starkest reality every man must confront. Indeed, this is what we are repeatedly told but in truth, it rarely sticks in our minds because, we falsely act as people living in a fairyland where death never occur.

    What recently happened in Kogi State regarding the sudden passing away of Prince Abubakar Audu is a painful loss that drives the point home. The post events of his demise presents a touching picture of our real value for human life and how ludicrous we act on certain vital issues.

    Commonsense sufficiently suggests that Kogi people must resist the temptation by some persons to lead them to quickly fall into the gulf of forgetfulness for a man whose existence was very impactful as a major source of inspiration and encouragement to all his friends, political associates and members of his constituency. Indeed, it is really sad that very limited attention has been given to Abubakar Audu at death even by his close associates.

    But this piece is in no way intended to utter direct condemnation or  expose the failings of  anyone or group for a man they so claimed to love. My aim is that this piece may serve as a modest reminder to our dear Kogi people that the late Audu Abubakar deserves to be mourned properly by being  honoured for his immense contributions and remembered as a politician with candid belief in his ability to make Kogi better rather than allow some persons to use his death  to create serious cracks in the unity of the state .

    For me, Abubakar Audu lived a life worthy of remembrance and emulation  but his abrupt exit should be a standard reminder that in whatever we do or claim we are, for every man, there is certainty of death, irrespective of the record of lives touched. We should always bear in mind and retain the knowledge that the people we consider dear, may make a make a hasty reverse of so called loyalty  when we cease to exist.

    I watched Prince Audu Abubakar’s body being lowered by his male children into his grave while wrapped in a white shroud, I could not hold back tears in my shock. The constant thought in my mind was could this really be the great Abubakar Audu’s journey to finality? Indeed, in a long while, this is one death that has brought me close to revisit the complex issue of death, man’s real essence and basic understanding of the value of life. Even though the official three day mourning declared by the Kogi State government  has elapsed, many people will remain in an almost permanent season of grief and many others like me will continue to remember Audu  for months and years ahead.

    Prince Audu Abubakar was a man I met about two decades ago. Then, after my close interaction, he left me with a positive lasting impression that strongly influenced my thoughts about him as a person of unshakable desire to contribute to the development of Kogi State. He was a man that was not afraid to speak openly on issues especially those that were not in line with his convictions.

    His remarks were not just about the usual rhetoric from the mouth of a politician  but  he exhibited the philosophy of a man that had firm belief in his convictions and unwilling to compromise on issues that made no sense to his beliefs. Perhaps such self-opinionated trait could have largely contributed in earning him the label of arrogance.

    I feel very disturbed about the post-events of Abubakar Audu’s death especially given that in this period of sorrow people ought to focus on offering strength to the family by comforting them to overcome the hurting consequences of the loss of their bread winner, a man that died in active political service in his quest to better his society. Instead, some persons are more concerned about who takes over the likely benefits of a political empire Abubakar Audu solely built.

    Such a naked display of insensitivity is a direct affront to the family, of great significance is that the Audu’s family have exhibited right conduct expected of good Muslims by accepting death as God’s will despite the many controversies and rumours about his sudden death that pervaded the political sphere of Kogi State.

    In death Abubakar Audu remains an admirable politician of rare courage with special traits of courting followership because he had a special way of conveying his message to his people to make himself a voters delight despite the many odd against him. Simply put, Audu was a political icon that no opponent in an election would wish to ignore his influence on the electorate.

    It is really unfortunate and a matter of great pain that the cold hands of death has snatched away one of Kogi’s best at a time he was almost coming back to attain a new status of political relevance. A significant section of the Kogi people are pained by the death of Audu.

    The incumbent governor, Captain Idris Wada exemplified this in his condolence speech where he clearly stated that he is still in great shock because Audu was his friend and brother despite their political rivalry and this has been the governor’s only but worthy public remark since the grief thrust upon us by the untimely death.

    Let us however not forget that every man has his less respectful moments and neither Abubakar Audu nor the highest placed man in the world is exempted from this rule. Nobody is perfect but it remains our responsibility to promote the positive values of a man like Audu, protect his rights and alleviate the burden of his bereaved family.  Whatever be his assumed sins, it is obvious they have since been blotted, more so since no guilt verdict by any court of law was pronounced before the journey to the great beyond.

    Indeed, it will not make good logic for any sensible person to now dwell on his shortcomings because that era is gone and the many unanswered questions about Abubakar Audu may never find answers. This is where it becomes very necessary to state that even the hitherto popular EFCC Vs Abubakar case has now become infamous and no matter how self-opinionated this may sound, the man should be allowed to rest in perfect peace as judgement is now for God.

    Whilst I wish not to dwell on INEC’s relinquishing of its independence by announcing a date for what it termed supplementary election as presumably directed by the Attorney General of the Federation, it is sufficient to state that the new leadership of INEC should be informed that its ill-advised action and insensitivity to Audu’s death has already thrust the Kogi people into greater confusion. What the INEC has succeeded in doing is to polarize the Kogi electorate not necessarily along party divides but an intra-party wrangling within the APC. This INEC induced disenchantment is clearly visible in the way the APC is conducting itself. But there is a popular adage in Igala land of Kogi state which literally means that there is really no need for anyone to quarrel over how a hunter’s bush meat will be shared when there is no news that the  hunter will make a harvest for the day.

    For now, no one knows what the court will rule, as such violence is  unnecessary and the ongoing struggle will be the least befitting way to honour Audu. The emphasis on who becomes Audu’s political successor should be rested until the court decides because it is apparent that the death of Audu will certainly give rise to a new addition to the nation’s jurisprudence and the constitution.

    Let the energy of the Kogi people be channeled in areas of utmost significance like reminding the CBN Governor Godwin Emefiele to urgently release the long overdue Kogi bailout funds it has mischievously held back for disbursement. We do not wish our workers to die to avoid Kogi becoming a mourning society. Kogi citizens deserve to enjoy this season of relief that the bail out provides  like their counterparts in other states.  Perhaps this will help console them in their period of grief.

    • Shaibu is Chief Communications Manager to Governor Wada.

     

  • Ali, Ugbane booed at Audu’s 8th day prayer

    Ali, Ugbane booed at Audu’s 8th day prayer

    Former National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) Dr Ahmadu Ali and Senator Nicholas Ugbane were Sunday booed by angry mob at the 8th day Fidau prayers for the late All Progressives Congress (APC) candidate, Prince Abubakar Audu.

    Ali was said to have driven into Audu’s residence at Ogbonicha, venue of the event to commiserate with the family, at about 1pm, but met more than he bargained for, as angry youths at the main entrance opposed his coming in.

    When the youths recognised that it was him, they refused to open the gate for him as he was forced to make a detour.

    While the argument ensued they began to boo him, calling him all sorts of unprintable names in Igala dialect, as they insisted that he will not be part of the Fidau prayers.

    Ali it will be recalled threw numerous invectives at Audu during the electioneering campaign.

    Ugbane, a former two-time commissioner under the administration of the late Audu and APC governorship aspirant, who drove in shortly after Ali was also seriously embarrassed by the angry youths.

    It was gathered that as his driver had to hurriedly make a U-turn to escape being mobbed, as they hauled stones at his vehicle, one of which hit and smashed the windscreen.

  • Kogi East nominates Audu’s son as APC guber candidate

    Kogi East nominates Audu’s son as APC guber candidate

    Leaders of All Progressives Congress (APC), in Kogi East Senatorial District has nominated Mr Mohammed, 43, first son of Late Prince Abubakar Audu, to replace him as the party’s governorship candidate.

    The leaders, stakeholders and delegates who made this known in Lokoja on Thursday after a marathon meeting, said they arrived at the decision after due consultations .

    Their spokesman, Mr Daniel Isah, the Vice Chairman of APC in Kogi East, said they have resolved and are determined to back Mohammed to replace his father if the National Working Committee orders fresh primaries.

    Isah thanked the Independent National Electoral Commission and the national leadership of the party for the opportunity given to them to find a replacement for Audu who died on Nov. 23 at Ogbonicha, Ofu Local Government.

    He appealed to the national leadership of the party to give their decision utmost consideration and approval in the overall interest of the party and the state.

    Present at the meeting were Alhaji Lincho Ocheje, Hon. Hassan Omale, Hon. Benjamin Ikhani, and Sen. Emmanuel Dangana, among others.

    [news_box style=”2″ display=”tag” link_target=”_blank” tag=”Audu” count=”8″ show_more=”on” show_more_type=”link”]

  • Kogi: Sagay hails INEC decision

    Kogi: Sagay hails INEC decision

    Professor of law, Itsey Sagay has said that the decision of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) ‎to proceed with the governorship election in Kogi state is the only logical solution to the confusion created by the death of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Abubakar Audu.

    Reacting to Tuesday’s decision of INEC to hold supplementary election in the state on December 5, Sagay agreed with the school of thought that Audu’s running should step in to carry the flag of the party for the supplementary election.

    Said Sagay;  “‎with the passing away of Abubakar Audu, the only logical and solution closest to the law on ground now is to allow his running mate to step into his shoes for the supplementary election.

    “We already have that in the constitution with regards to somebody who has won an election but died and is unable to assume office for any reason.”

    Giving explanation on constitutional provisions on the matter, Sagay referred to section 181 (1) of the constitution which he said stated that “where there is a governorship election and the victorious candidate dies before he is sworn in, his deputy or running mate shall be sworn in as governor. But in this case there is nobody elected as governor but the election has been held, leaving only supplementary election to be done and the candidate of one of the political parties died, by analogy, I think that provision in Section 181(1 )shall apply so that the deputy governorship candidate should now be regarded as the governorship candidate for the purposes of the supplementary election,”he stated.

  • Abubakar Audu:  A Sophoclean tragedy

    Abubakar Audu: A Sophoclean tragedy

    Few subjects excite political journalists more than elections.

    To size up the major candidates – digging into their backgrounds and records, pointing up contradictions in their utterances and their biographies, weighing their grasp of issues domestic and foreign, evaluating their trustworthiness as well as their preparedness for the offices they are seeking, indicating who is up and who is down, and generally presenting pictures on which the attentive public can ground their choice:  this, in brief, is the responsibility of the political reporter.

    The job guarantees access to the candidates and their associates, often makes them privy to all kinds of secrets; it tests where the reporter’s allegiance lies – to the candidate, with whom he or she may have developed close ties, or to the public, of which he or she is a representative.   This vital distinction is often overlooked, but it remains a bedrock principle of political journalism.

    I have tried to follow most elections in Nigeria and indeed here in the United States, in that tradition of political journalism.

    Last week’s gubernatorial election in Kogi was different, however.  I had a vested interest in    the outcome. The race was between a divisive, incurably parochial, lethargic, do-nothing incumbent, and a challenger who had been there before and performed creditably but was heavily tainted, not without justification, by grave charges of corruption, and by delusions of grandeur.

    The intelligence from Kogi was that the challenger, Abubakar Audu, was not marketable and that if the APC fielded him against the incumbent Idris Wada, the APC would have in effect handed victory to Wada.

    I communicated this intelligence to the APC hierarchy and suggested that they talk Audu out of it and assure him he would be accorded the place of “Father of the APC in Kogi”, with all the attendant rights and privileges.  After all, he had served as elected governor of Kogi twice. No luck.

    In the primaries, Audu won more delegates than the rest of the field put together; none of  them could match his financial muscle.  He had the numbers, and since democracy as they say in Nigeria is a game of numbers, he was for all practical purposes the people’s choice.

    He had run a good race, and based on the plurality of his votes, the online newspapers Saharareporters projected him the winner.  Even if Wada won overwhelmingly in Abaji, he would at best come a close second.  In the event, Audu won in Abaji, and it was no longer whether the official election umpire would proclaim him winner, but when.

    The column you are reading now was going to be an open letter to Audu congratulating him on his epochal victory and entreating him to make his sojourn in Lugard House a mission of public service and personal redemption.  No personal aggrandisement; no imperial airs; no hubris; just devoted service to the public with humility, and in a spirit of reconciliation.

    I called the APC National Leader, Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, to congratulate him.  His phone rang busy.  Perhaps he was taking calls from jubilant associates and supporters. Some thirty minutes later, my call went through.  I congratulated him on the hard-fought victory, saying that it presaged the prospect of change, real change, coming to Kogi.

    His voice was flat, bereft of its usual animation.  It did not sound like the voice of a person who had just wrought another political miracle.  He said he was attending to an emergency, and that I should call him later.

    What emergency? I wondered.  Surely, the usual suspects could not be trying to fix the results, certainly not with a new sheriff in town.  Besides, the Arch Fixer who always did their dirty work has been sent on permanent retirement, together with his infernal bag of tricks.  What emergency could Tinubu have been talking about?  What was going on?

    All this was before INEC declared the election inconclusive, because Audu’s plurality is smaller than the number of registered voters in precincts where the poll was cancelled for one reason or another and would have to be repeated.

    Still, it seemed to me that as morning shows the light of day, the figures now available indicated powerfully that Audu and the APC would win, no matter how they dressed it up.

    All this was academic, however. Audu had died even before they began collating the field reports.  But only those in his innermost circle were privy to the fact.  News of his death was first broken by Saharareporters in a terse bulletin.  If I did not know that online newspaper’s scrupulous commitment to getting the news fast and getting it right, I would have dismissed the bulletin as a sick joke.

    I called professional colleagues in Lagos for confirmation.  They said they had been working the phones but could still not confirm.  Next I called Kogi. Some of the political figures had not even heard and were asking me for details.  Several expatriate Nigerians here in the United States also called, believing that I would be in a position to confirm the news and provide details

    For me, confirmation came from Premium Times about an hour after Saharareporters broke the news.

    Pulling the strands together, I now realise that the “emergency” Tinubu said he was grappling with was Audu’s death.  In retrospect, it is a wonder that he could keep so calm under circumstances that would have rendered a person of lesser straw apoplectic.

    By some accounts, it was INEC’s declaring the election incomplete that induced the condition – was it a stroke, or a heart attack – from which Audu died.  That was not the case.  He had died, it is necessary to repeat, before INEC began collating the returns.

    The emerging truth is that he had been in poor health, and his condition was exacerbated by the rigours of the election campaign, to the point that it was with great discomfort that he turned up to cast his ballot on Election Day.

    His death has plunged Kogi and indeed Nigeria into murky constitutional waters, with some persons learned in the law asserting that Audu’s death had rendered the poll a nullity, and that a fresh gubernatorial election would have to be held.

    Others just as learned in the law insist that Audu and his running mate had won the election outright, because even if the votes cast in the supplementary election INEC says it is going to conduct in the 19 wards where no voting took place – if all the potential votes from those precincts went to Governor Wada, he would still have polled less than Audu overall.

    They might have added Audu that won in 16 of the 21 local government areas in Kogi, whereas Wada carried only five.

    Abubakar Audu lived a rich and textured life, the stuff of a Sophoclean tragedy.  His death is likely to generate more sympathy and admiration than he enjoyed while he was among us.

  • Audu a talented, courageous politician – Buhari

    Audu a talented, courageous politician – Buhari

    President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday described the late All Progressive Congress (APC) governorship candidate in Kogi State, Prince Abubakar Audu, as a talented and courageous politician.

    Buhari, who is attending the Third Gas Exporting Countries Forum in Tehran, Iran, expressed shock at Audu’s death in a statement issued on Monday by his Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu.

    The President was quoted as saying: “We are obviously devastated at the loss.”

    He described the deceased as a talented politician, a loving family head and a respected community leader.

    “He was immensely courageous,” the President added.

     

  • Wada confirms Audu’s death

    Wada confirms Audu’s death

    Declares seven-day mourning

    Kogi State Governor, Idris Wada, confirmed the death of a former governor of the state, Prince Abubakar Audu, in a statewide broadcast on Monday.

    Audu, according to the governor, died at his Ogbonicha village, Ofu local government area of the state, on Sunday.

    He condoled with the family and people of the state over the death of the All Progressive Congress (APC) candidate in the state governorship election.

    He described the deceased as a man of the people who laid solid foundation for the growth and development of the state.

    Wada declared Monday as public holiday to enable the people, especially the civil servants to attend Audu’s burial and pay their last respect.

    The governor also declared a seven-day mourning during which the national flag would fly at half mast and office activities scaled-down.

    Meanwhile, the burial has been shifted from the initial 11.00am to 4:00pm on Monday.

    The shift was to enable friends, relations and fellow politicians attend the  ex-governor’s funeral.