Tag: bleeding

  • Bleeding-heart patois

    Bleeding-heart patois

    The ongoing banter in social space is incantatory of Nigerian mind and nature. Whether online or offline, it is overtly ritualistic yet political.

    Post-2023 elections, politicians and vocal segments of the populace reconstruct Nigeria into a narrow commune, beholden to their selfish interpretations of citizenship, power, and democratic dividends.

    Each stakeholder manifests a peculiar morass of patriotic experience. Amid the drama, Nigeria thrives as a political theatre – an expansive stage where Nigerians of vast partisan stripes are entertained, misinformed, and informed.

    The process, in recent times, assumes the course of indoctrination by courtiers.

    The latter manifests as our most malignant affliction. Comprising journalists, politicians, NGOs, and rights activists, their machinations are oft inimical to nationhood, stability, and growth – perhaps because too many among them are deployed as weapons of adverse programming.

    This may no doubt resonate as far-fetched to individuals and groups profiting from the status quo, especially the press and civil societies. That is understandable. It is like a bacterium responsible for a pandemic to deem itself the next best thing to happen to earthlings.

    For a people programmed for conquest, Nigerians carry on with unabashed ignorance and arrogance. Arrogance is pitiable. But ignorance is expensive and quite scary. Yet Nigerians soldier on unperturbed by the ramifications of it all.

    This is what happens when a nation becomes unmoored from reality. It retreats into a fictive nirvana. In this predetermined cosmology, reality is redefined to suit dubious whims, and facts are manufactured to soothe relative bias.

    If Nigeria seems unmoored from reality, it’s because our lives and national discourse are dominated by fabricated events. From exaggerated grief over insecurity, misgovernance, and national disasters to celebrity gossip and pageantry of political artifice, the country is sold to desperate narratives at home and abroad.

    Whether it is the soaring price of Premium Methylated Spirit (PMS), the insurgent creed of violence resonant with brainwashed minors and young adults, or the virulent manifestations of partisan politics, the compelling nature of the grievances articulated and the pervasiveness of despair are wielded to justify the rationale for Nigeria’s creed of carnage and enduring portrayal as a banana republic by foreign governments and consulates.

    A history of corruption and neglect at the federal, state, and local levels of government, among others, has equally morphed into a major source of widespread dissatisfaction towards politicians, the legal system, and law enforcement by the masses.

    These sentiments thrive in greater depths across geographic and virtual space; as Nigeria rejuvenates from the intrigues of the 2023 polls, a wave of validation and reproof of the incumbent political class and the opposition seeking to dislodge it has produced a charged atmosphere of warring critics and apologists, cynics, and anarchists.

    Of the latter, the majority parade flawed presence because they have no real persona and moral substance. Yet en route to the polls, Nigeria suffered their storm of spunk and slogans.

    Several media houses, civil societies, and journalists pitched their tents with certain candidates, even as they parroted the official propaganda of foreign governments, consulates, and non-profits pushing predatory self-interest as “impartial observers.”

    The participation of large segments of the press, academia, and civil society pre and post-elections has been driven by funded partisanship but like Arundhati Roy would say, “I’m not against people being funded—because we’re running out of options, but we have to understand, ‘Are you walking the dog or is the dog walking you? Who’s the dog and who are you?”

    The situation triggers existential questions about the quality of political participation before and after the elections. How do we determine real and funded patriotism? Are Nigerians inured to the precepts of partisanship astride the politics of reality and illusions?

    The jostling over reality and illusion becomes most intense in an oppressive clime where both distort to preserve the status quo of exploitation or repudiate it.

    A failure to achieve a balance between oppressive reality and the placebo of illusion eventually leads to anarchy and societal collapse.

    In his book, Collapse, economist Jared Diamond lists five precursors to social decay, including a failure to understand and prevent causes of environmental damage; climate change; pillage by hostile neighbors; the inability of friendly neighbors to continue trade; and finally, how the society itself deals with the problems raised by the first four factors.

    A common failing of the last item is the dislocation between the short-term interests of elites and the longer-term interests of the societies they dominate and exploit.

    Diamond’s last point is critical. The ruling elite’s penchant for corruption, maladministration, and circumventing the law, almost always triggers widespread cynicism, disillusionment, apathy, and finally, rage.

    Those who suffer the consequences of misgovernance characteristically scorn loyalty to the nation and increasingly nurse fantasies of violent insurrection as revenge.

    The concept of the common good, mocked by the predation of the privileged minority, vanishes and is replaced by the self-seeking “Me-Credo” of the underprivileged majority. Society burns as individuals submit to primal lust.

    It’s about time Nigerians grasped the depth and ramifications of misgovernance perpetrated by the ruling class; too many are hoodwinked by the smokescreen of politics as they sheepishly submit their necks and minds to the leash of deified demagogues.

    The magnitude of corruption unearthed and currently being investigated by the incumbent administration of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu should elicit somberness and widespread support for the surgical excision of the tumours of corruption from government machinery and public institutions.

    Sadly, Nigerians are split between prejudices and base sentimentality, nourished through the means and devices of political actors.

    The elections have been won and lost. Nigerians should quit bashing each other in public spaces. People should quit gloating and hurling blame at those who voted for Tinubu as the cause of Nigeria’s hardships. This is unforgivably puerile and infantile.

    The task before us belies divisions spurred by political, ethnic, and religious affiliations.

    If anything, the 2023 elections exposed our social institutions (cultural, political, religious, academic) as craven tools of prejudice, answerable to demagogues, the corporate state, and overseas predators. 

    As personal savings and retirement plans become worthless; as unemployment skyrockets and citizenry hopes plummet, we must scorn the call to insurgency by stooges and ragdolls posing as bleeding-heart revolutionaries and patriots.

    Their modus operandi is to highlight economic hardship as a consequence of bad leadership resolvable only by their favourite demagogues.

    Read Also: Time has preserved Awo’s principles, legacies – Tinubu

    They seek to weaponise our daily worries into a crisis of faith against the incumbent administration. Curiously, their silver bullet theory conveniently absolves their sponsors – oft among the ruling class – and other partisan actors of blame.

    They will not acknowledge that our current social crisis grew over six decades of misgovernance. They will not consider the massive depletion of the world’s resources, from fossil fuels to clean water to fish stocks to soil erosion, as well as overpopulation, global warming, and climate change as intervening variables in our social crisis.

    They would not admit that for several decades, the NNPC, power sector, banking industry, civil service, regulatory agencies, and private sector engaged in frantic pilferage of public treasury.

    They would not relate how these social actors jointly sabotaged the manufacturing sector and facilitated huge, unregulated international capital flows.

    They would not acknowledge how they wrecked the local economy and perverted the banking and financial system to serve the rich and enslave the poor.

  • Bleeding profusely

    •With over N200 billion spent on foreign software and N1 trillion on airtime, the economy leaks like a sieve

    It is the inalienable right of every sovereign state to devise certain sets of economic survival strategies if it desires development and growth. Such carefully articulated policies that preserve a country’s identity, culture, productive advantages and unique economic strengths are identified by policy makers and managed for the exclusive betterment of a country. Such is the strength of forward-looking countries.

    We are worried by certain alarming news items published recently. First is the report that telecommunications companies, banks, insurance and management firms have spent about N246 billion on the acquisition of foreign software in the last six years. Another report has it that Nigerians have spent over N1 trillion buying airtime in the first five months of this year. There are also perennial reports of hundreds of billions spent on the importation of petroleum products, sugar, maize, rice, wheat, palm oil, among others.

    All of these, especially the agro-produce, are commodities Nigeria can conveniently produce locally and indeed, earn huge export revenues from. Imagine the impact on Nigeria’s economy if she could muster the will, capacity and strategic focus to produce all these locally. The result would be a rapid rise in the size of her gross domestic product, massive job creation and a catalysing effect on her industrial and manufacturing bases.

    But of utmost concern today, however, is the report that about N1.246 trillion was spent on foreign ICT products in Nigeria recently. As noted above, N246 billion was heaped on foreign software by Nigeria’s corporate bodies while over N1 trillion went to air time.

    While it may be said that these spending are a reflection of a rapidly growing economy, the chunk of the money is being shipped abroad to the detriment of Nigeria’s economy. In other words, these are mere leakages without commensurate value to the economy.

    According to report from the National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP), the huge amount was actually lost to capital flight through licensing of foreign software between 2010 and 2016. The Director-General of NOTAP, Dr. DanAzumi Ibrahim, revealed that probably 90 per cent of Nigeria’s economy was supported by foreign software.

    NOTAP is worried by the quantum of funds that left the country through purchase of foreign software. The federal agency has reportedly initiated a local vendor policy which requires foreign software developers to engage local vendors during deployment and for maintenance.

    However, beyond capital flight and supporting growth of indigenous developers, there is the question of national data base and cyber security. If about 90 per cent of Nigeria’s economy is powered by foreign software, this presupposes that nearly every detail of Nigeria’s economy and industrial base are exposed to different software vendors from across the world. This is a national security risk that may haunt the country someday.

    Concerning the spending of about N1.05 trillion on airtime in the last five months by subscribers, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) revealed that the amount was spent on voice, text message and data services from mobile network operators, (MNOs). This has been the pattern of consumer spending on airtime in Nigeria in the last three years.

    In 2016, it was N3.3 trillion; N3.2 trillion last year and at the current rate this year, it is likely to hit the three trillion mark by December. Going by Nigeria’s 2018 federal budget which is about N9 trillion, Nigeria’s airtime spend is about one-third of her budget. This ought to be a cause for worry both for the regulators and the Federal Government.

    We urge a review of the entire spectrum of tariffs, service quality and capital transfer among telcos and software vendors. For instance, the persistent poor service quality and the shenanigans of service providers in fiddling with subscribers’ credits would naturally push up airtime purchase.

    The telcos and software vendors may still be having a field day in Nigeria filching Nigerians and shipping out huge capital. We call for more regulatory stringency to stem what is obviously undue haemorrhaging of the economy.

  • Common gynaecological emergencies (3) Bleeding

    Though there are other gynaecological emergencies, few can be as life-threatening to the woman and the family as any condition that causes bleeding. Not long ago, a woman was referred to me because of heart problem. She had been to several cardiologists. However, it turned out that this unfortunate woman was having heavy menstrual bleeding. The heavy bleeding had given rise to anaemia. The anaemia had itself affected her heart and her heart began to fail. Searching deeper and deeper, I discovered that the woman was in fact suffering from thyroid under-functioning problem which was the root cause of her heavy bleeding.

    Therefore, bleeding disorder in women especially any woman from the age of menstrual period and above, should be taking seriously. For want of space and time, I will discuss a few of the causes of the bleeding here. In future, we will explore some of these issues further.

     

    Causes of  gynaecological bleeding: In young women, heavy menstrual period requiring the use of more than eight moderately-soaking sanitary pads in a five-day bleeding time should consider hersself as having heavy bleeding especially if such bleeding comes with clots. The modern tiny sanitary pads may also be reckoned but the number in use is surely greater than eight before a heavy bleeding should be considered. Even at that, a once only heavy period should be kept under watch.

    Heavy menstrual bleeding in reproductive age woman could also be due to fibroid or endometriosis which I mentioned briefly last week under the discussion of ectopic pregnancy.

    In a woman under 45years with her womb intact, a possible cause of heavy bleeding is pregnancy. This kind of bleeding which may be internal bleeding or not may be due to ectopic pregnancy. Threatened miscarriage, could cause bleeding alarm too as complete miscarriage. Legal or illegal abortion may lead to heavy bleeding because of incomplete evacuation of the pregnancy. The problem with illegal abortion is the problem of hiding the bleeding and infection that may follow. It’s the bleeding and infection that kills women more often in illegal abortion. A pregnancy that is neither continuing nor terminated nor aborted may lead to heavy bleeding—This is the case with what doctors call mole pregnancy.

    Cancers of the cervix may also result in bleeding especially during or after sex.

    In middle age women, alarm due to bleeding, heavy or not may be as a result of overgrowth of womb lining or even cancers of the womb and this should be taken very seriously especially if the woman had initially ceased to have her period. Fibroid and polyps at the womb neck may result in bleeding.

    In some women especially if over 65 (but not always so), may have sudden onset of bleeding that causes consternation. Such bleeding may be due to ovarian cancers.  I have a patient who was just 50 when she started to have abnormal bleeding and the diagnosis was ovarian cancer.

    As I mentioned at the beginning of this article, diseases that are outside the reproductive tract of women may cause surprised episodes of bleeding. Example is when the thyroid is underperforming (hypothyroidism).  In some cases, it may be possible that the woman has a bleeding disorder. Yet, it may be the case that the cause of the bleeding is the medication that the woman uses.

    What you could do: You should always take unusual bleeding——heavy or not— very seriously. You need to note if such bleeding is recurrent or just one off event. Whatever may be the case, you will need to see a gynaecologist or your doctor to direct you as may be appropriate.

    Except you are a sickle disease sufferer or you are allergic to iron, I will recommend that you should start taking iron tablets along with multivitamins which you can obtain in local pharmacy while you seek urgent audience with your doctor. Remember also, that PID, some types of coil (IUCD) may make you to be vulnerable to heavy bleeding during your period. You should consider having this type of coil removed.

     

    Treatment:  I am very certain that your doctor will want to conduct some investigations and also know how much blood that you may have lost. More importantly, the doctor will want to know the cause of the bleeding. In such a case, the doctor could order an ultrasound or even a CTscan or MRI.

    Whatever be the case, the treatment will be addressed by the doctor and may sometimes include blood tonics, blood transfusion, surgery and further specialist treatment depending on the cause.

    In the last few weeks, we have dealt with gynaecological emergencies. I have not exhausted the list.  I do hope you will take to heart what has been discussed: so together we can all improve our health.

  • Herbs can solve heavy menstrual bleeding

    Herbs can solve heavy menstrual bleeding

     OYEYEMI GBENGA-MUSTAPHA writes that there are many herbs with astringent action that can help stop heavy menstrual bleeding.

    Some women usually experience heavy blood flow and clotting during their menstrual cycle. On the average, a woman with normal menstrual cycle should only shed two to three tablespoons (30 to 44 millilitres) of blood during menstruation. Every woman is unique, so also their menstrual cycle. But if one has concerns that she may be bleeding too much during her period, it may be a good idea to learn what is considered within the “normal” range.

    According to a homeopath and phytotherapist, Dr Francic Elegbuo of Franel Phytotherapy Clinic, Ikotun, Lagos, heavy menstrual bleeding is called Menorrhagia. It is defined as a woman losing five and half tablespoons (81 millilitres) or more of blood during her menstrual cycle. “Menorrhagia is the term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding,” he said.

    Its symptoms according to Dr Elegbuo, include menstrual cycle that lasts beyond seven days, though up to 10 is considered within the normal range if there is no excessive bleeding. There is need to change sanitary pad or tampon every hour and day. Other symptoms are large blood clots or feeling tired, fatigue or shortness of breath.

    He said there are some women, who experience heavy bleeding during their menstrual cycle, and still ovulate. This, according to him, may be as a result of slight hormonal imbalances.

    Those women, he said, are experiencing ovulation dysfunction, which in other words means that they are not ovulating correctly.

    “Women with a normal menstrual cycle usually have a balance of estrogen and progesterone. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is released by the pituitary gland, which signals the follicles to release estrogen. This signals the endometrium (lining of uterus) to begin to grow in preparation for ovulation and hopefully conception and implantation of the fertilised egg. The continued release of adequate amounts of estrogen by the mature egg, once released at peak amount signals the release of Luteninzing Hormone (LH). This signals the release of progesterone and the endometrium begins to build up in preparation for implantation. The release of LH also signals the egg to be released, this is ovulation. If conception never occurs the progesterone levels drop and the uterine lining sheds as menstruation,” he explained.

    Dr Elegbuo said when it is happening long-term hormonal balancing herbs may need to be considered. “Heavy blood loss may lead to anemia, so herbs high in iron and Vitamin C should be considered as well. Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron. If a heavy blood flow starts (a soaked pad every half an hour) and such is not a part of your normal cycle, seek healthcare attention right away. Do not keep quiet,” he cautioned.

    He identified some herbs that can be used to fight heavy bleeding. They include Ginger fresh or dried root (Zingiber officinale). Ginger is anti-inflammatory, cleanses, relieves pain and improves circulation to the reproductive organs.

    Others are Hibiscus dried flower petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa): High in vitamin C, and aids iron absorption. Hibiscus is best, combined with herbs high in iron. It is also normalising for blood pressure.

    Maca root (Lepidium meyenii): Maca supports endocrine system function for overall hormonal balance support.

    Nettles aerial parts, seed (Urtica dioica): Nettles is both astringent and high in iron and vit. C. It is considered an excellent nutritive herb for menorrhagia.

    Periwinkle aerial parts (Vinca major): Used traditionally to treat menorrhagia, Periwinkle may also be used to curb mid-cycle spotting/bleeding known as metrorrhagia

    Cranesbill, dried root (Geranium maculatum): This herb has been traditionally used to stop heavy menstrual bleeding or uterine hemorrhage, it is very astringent.

    Cinnamon inner bark (Cinnamomum verum, C.zeylanicum) has been shown to be a useful tool for women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis and primary menorrhagia.

    Cinnamon has been used traditionally for hundreds of years to stop excessive menstrual bleeding, hemorrhage during childbirth and miscarriage, and today for any fertility condition where heavy menstruation is present.

    Yarrow, aerial parts (Achillea millefolium), promotes circulation, yet is extremely astringent, stopping excessive blood flow. Yarrow is drying and moistening; promotes sweating and detoxification, but strengthens and tightens tissues. It stimulates the uterus to bring on menstruation, yet curbs heavy menstrual flow; effectively aiding in regulation of menstrual flow.

    Liferoot, dried aerial parts (Senecio aureus), is normalising for the menstrual cycle and astringent.

    Seaweed (variety of species): Seaweeds are high in fiber for improved hormonal balance. They are also high in a variety of vitamins and minerals including iron, which may help prevent anemia in women with heavy monthly blood loss. Dulse, Kombu and Wakame are highest in iron. Dulse contains four times more iron than spinach.

    Shepherd’s purse, aerial parts (Capsella bursa-pastoris): This herb’s astringent qualities are used to reduce acute heavy menstrual bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage.

    Vitex also known as Chaste Tree Berry, berry (Vitex agnus-castus): Vitex supports hormonal balance in the body by having an effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (hormonal feedback loop). It is supportive of hormonal balance and normalising for the reproductive system as a whole.

    White Peony root (Paeonia lactiflora), is commonly used in TCM to increase iron levels in women with menorrhagia and combines well with Dong Quai. Peony encourages proper circulation in the pelvic area, making it useful for uterine stagnation, including conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), where menorrhagia may be present.

    Yellow Dock root (Rumex crispus), stimulates bile production for healthy removal of toxins, it is supportive of liver health and aids in iron absorption, which may help support adequate iron levels.

    Dr Elegbuo said each herb should be recommended and administered by a competent healthcare provider because “self medication by way of using these herbs can give counterproductive results”.

  • Menorrhagia: Heavy menstrual bleeding (1)

    I once had a client (patient) who developed heart failure. Initially, she had been seen elsewhere, where the diagnosis of heart failure was made and she was being managed as such.

    When, she presented in our facility, she was in a very bad clinical condition. On further questioning and investigation, it transpired that the cause of her heart failure was due to her heavy menstrual bleeding. As we shall see later, one of the complications of heavy blood loss is anaemia which in turn may lead to heart failure and if untreated, death.

    Thus, one of the most frequent complaints in Gyanecology Clinics is heavy menstrual bleeding. This is called menorrhagia. This should not be confused with irregular menstrual period (MP) seen at the extremes of reproductive age and in some other women.

    Normally, an average MP should require the use of sanitary pads of reasonable sizes which are not more than 5-8 pads in a given menstrual period lasting 3-5 days in an average bleeding of between 35-40mls of blood.  Anything in excess should be considered heavy bleeding.

    If such heavy bleeding is a “one off” event, it may not be of concern. If the bleeding is repetitive in every month over a long period, it may become a major medical and gynaecological disorder.

    Menorrhagia should be taken very seriously. What causes menorrhagia?

    Many illnesses that are not directly related to reproductive tract of the woman may lead to heavy bleeding as much as conditions that are related.

    In a normal menstrual cycle, the control of menstrual period is in the area of the brain called the pituitary.  It’s from this centre that chemical hormones (follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone are produced that are directed at the ovary. The ovary responds in a manner that in turn produces hormones (estrogen) that affects the womb (uterus).  It’s this interplay of hormones that normally leads to ovulation (which itself leads to production of progesterone) in the ovary. If pregnancy occurs, there will be no menstrual period. If there is no pregnancy, then menstrual period or shedding of the womb lining will follow ovulation in two weeks.

    If this complex system of control and interplay is derailed, several gynaecological disorders may follow. One of such is menorrhagia or heavy menstrual bleeding. In spite of what is said above, menorrhagia may be totally unrelated to events in reproductive system of women.

    Causes of heavy menstrual bleeding may thus be considered as follows:

    • Causes within the reproductive system
    • Causes outside the reproductive system Common causes include:

     

    • Hormone imbalance

    As mentioned earlier, in a normal menstrual cycle, a fine balance occurs between the hormones:  estrogen and progesterone that regulates the build-up of the lining of the womb (endometrium), which is shed during menstruation. If this hormone balance is disturbed, error occurs.

    This will give rise to the endometrium which develops in excess of its normal growth and eventually sheds by way of heavy menstrual period.

    • Dysfunction of the ovaries. Suppose ovaries don’t release an egg, as mentioned above (ovulate) during a menstrual cycle it’s called anovulation. That is to say the woman’s body doesn’t produce the hormone progesterone, as it would during a normal menstrual cycle. This may result in menorrhagia.
    • Uterine fibroids. These benign growths of the womb appear during child-bearing/reproductive years. Fibroids may cause heavier than usual or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
    • Polyps. Tiny, innocent growths on the endometrial lining of the uterus (otherwise called uterine polyps) may lead to heavy or even prolonged bleeding. Polyps of the womb often usually grow in women of reproductive age as the result of high level of hormones that are mentioned before.
    • Adenomyosis. This condition, frequently found in a woman who has had a child or children occurs when pieces of endometrium found its way into in the uterine musculature, often leading to heavy bleeding as well as painful menses.
    • Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD). Menorrhagia is a well-known side effect IUCD such as copper-T for birth control. Removal of the IUCD may bring the heavy bleeding under control.
    • Complications of pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy, incomplete evacuation of the products of pregnancy or if remnants of pregnancy are left in place, may all lead to subsequent heavy menses.
    • Cancer. Unusually, cancer of the womb, cancer of womb lining (endometrium) ovarian cancer as well as cervical cancer can give rise to excessive menstrual bleeding. Medical conditions can give rise to heavy menstrual bleeding. Examples include:
    • Bleeding disorders that are inherited. Some defect in blood coagulation—such as Von Willebrand’s disease, which is a clinical condition in which a critical blood-clotting factor is absent can cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
    • Medications/Drugs. Some substances, including common pain-killers anti-inflammatory medications and anticoagulants, can contribute to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
    • Some other medical conditions. Complications of some other medical conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), thyroid problems (hypothyroidism) liver or kidney disease may be the cause of menorrhagia. In Part 2, we will look at treatment and preventions.
  • Gambo admitted at hospital, bleeding from ear

    Kano Pillars striker, Gambo Mohammed was taken to hospital after he suffered a severe ear injury following a head-on collision with Rivers United player, Wilson Andoh during a Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) match day 12 yesterday at the Yakubu Gowon stadium, Port-Harcourt.

    Gambo, who his making a return after a short injury spell, was admitted at the BMH hospital at the Government Reserve Area (GRA) in Port-Harcourt.

    The team’s captain was replaced by Jeol Djondang when it was discovered that he could no longer continue the game.

    In a chat with SportingLife, the club’s media officer, Idris Malikawa said the club is waiting for the doctor’s report to know how long the striker will spend in hospital.