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Tag: Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)

  • A better Nigeria without oil and gas

    A better Nigeria without oil and gas

    Gold Minds Growers ( GMG ) is an empowerment initiative to change the mindset of Nigerians about the oil and gas sector, and to advocate the need to refocus our policies in the direction of “non-oil sectors” of the economy.

    This will be a significant step towards solving the perpetual problems of unemployment and idleness (especially amongst the youths).

    The programme with theme: “a better Nigeria without Oil & Gas” by Addright Oyetunji Empowerment Foundation, a non-governmental organization (NGO) was launched in 2013, founded by Ademola Issac Oyetunji who is also the president of GMG .

    The NGO which birthed Gold minds growers works in synergy with other well-meaning Nigerians, Government, Agencies, Organization and NGOs to transform Nigeria by utilizing their comparative advantage in other sectors such as Agriculture, Real Estate, ICT, Industries, Miming, Trade and commerce for Nigeria.

    Nigeria, was widely known and recognized across Africa for its economic strength, especially in Agriculture.

    Agriculture was the mainstay of the country for its foreign exchange. However, after the discovery of fossil deposits (crude oil) in Oloibiri (1956), our attention gradually drifted from agriculture. The giant of Africa began to sag in stature and lose its glory.

    According to Mr. Oketokun Tolulope, a member of GMG and a farmer, “I became a member three months ago and fully registered three weeks ago.

    “I got to know about this organization through social media.

    “It really falls in place with what I wanted because I have passion for agriculture; this seems to be an easy way to start. It gives a platform where you can do other work while other people are on your farm working for you.”

    Also, another member of the organization, Mr. Oluwole Otelade said, “I have been a member for three month.

    “I got to know about this GMG through bulk sms. At first I ignored it, however, the text kept coming and I show interest by calling the number.

    “I later met the Director who further explained and I gave it a trial out of risk. Have always been looking for a way to start agriculture my problem has always been about time, land, fund and how to start.

    “This organization has helped me a lot even when I’m not present. All I need to do is pay a certain amount, and they will in turn get people to help with the farming and monitoring.

    However, when it’s harvest time I have to be there physically.

    Presently I am into cassava and short term crops, like maize, melon, ugwu.

    While asking the participants about the economic future of Nigeria without oil and gas, this is what they had to say:

    Oketokun said, “Yes I think so we still have the coco house which was built with agricultural funds; we still have some pyramid in the north built with groundnut fund. Other infrastructures like roads were constructed with agricultural funds.

    “If every Nigerian can find something doing without depending on oil and gas, Nigeria will be rebuilt by Nigerians. The future sets of Millionaires are going to be from agricultural business.”

    Oluwole said, “There is something oil and gas cannot give. When you take from oil, it gradually reduces (obeying the law of nature), but when you take from agriculture you can replenish the soil nutrient; the more the farm area the higher the profit. I think agriculture is the way forward.”

    Bolaji Olayinka, a staff of one of Nigeria’s financial institution – First City Monument Bank (FCMB) also explained the partnership arrangement between GMG and the bank she represents.

    According to her, “this organization have a cooperate account with our bank FCMB. We grant SMA loans especially to farmers. FCMB is like a middle man between farmers and Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ).

    “Every fully registered member of GMG has an account with us which means they can be given loan for farming. Before they can grant a loan the account should be above six month. This is an opportunity for farmers to get the much needed help for a successful farming business.”

  • NYSC partners financial institutions to secure soft loans for members

    NYSC partners financial institutions to secure soft loans for members

    The National Youth Service Corps ( NYSC ) on Monday said it partnered some financial institutions in the country to provide soft loans for corps members to start business.

    The Director-General of the corps, Brig. Gen. Suleiman Kazaure, told newsmen on the sideline of his visit to the 2017 NYSC Batch B Stream I Corps members at Wamakko Orientation Camp in Sokoto that the loan would help the young corps members.

    Kazaure said “we introduced skills acquisition programmes to improve the capacity
    of corps members and to key into Federal Government’s programmes of diversifying the country’s economy.

    “We thought that our corps members need soft loans to enable them to start a business and earn a living during and after their service year.

    “NYSC, therefore, entered into partnership with some financial institutions like Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ), Heritage Bank and Bank of Industry to secure loans for corps members at single digit interest rate.”

    The NYSC boss said the loans were for corps members to start small scale enterprises from the grassroots and practically expand the knowledge gained during their skills acquisition programme in the service year.

    Kazaure added that NYSC would establish a skills acquisition centre in each of the six geopolitical zones in the country, with the aim of ensuring that corps members got the skills they required.

    He commended the Sokoto State Government for providing peaceful atmosphere for members serving in the state and urged them to reciprocate the gesture.

    The NYSC Coordinator in Sokoto State, Alhaji Musa Abubakar, thanked Kazaure for the visit to the camp and commended the corps members for maintaining discipline.

    NAN

  • CBN spends N6bn on ABU Business School

    CBN spends N6bn on ABU Business School

    The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) spent about N6 billion to establish a business school in the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Kaduna.

    The university’s Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Ibrahim Garba, made this known on Saturday at ABU’s 40th convocation ceremony held at its main campus, Samaru, Zaria.

    Garba said that the business school had begun as a faculty, covering Accounting, Business Administration and Economics Departments.

    The vice said that the development gave room for expansion of the departments and introduction of related academic programmes.

    He said that the ABU’s Faculty of Medicine had been transformed into ABU College of Health Sciences and headed by a provost.

    “The college has taken off with four faculties of Basic Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences and Allied Health Sciences.

    “Along with this development is the commencement of three new academic programmes beginning from 2017/2018 session.

    “These are Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Sciences and B.Sc. Medical Radiography,” he said.

    The vice-chancellor said that the university had introduced e-learning methodology in academic delivery to tackle growth in the number of students.

    Garba said that the e-learning was in line with developments in pedagogy and technology.

    Read Also: Why Nigerian varsities can’t be among world best – ABU VC

    He said that ABU last year introduced four additional courses in its Department of Mechanical Engineering.

    He said that the university had continued to improve and expand the existing facilities for teaching and research within the limit of available resources.

    Garba said that the university was using Tertiary Education Trust Fund and Presidential Need Assessment Intervention Fund to execute the projects.

    The Group Managing Director of NNPC, Dr Maikanti Kachalla-Baru, said at the occasion that he was impressed by the performance of 50 of the graduating students who had first class degree in different fields.

    He announced NNPC’s scholarship up to PhD level for the overall best student with Grade Point Average (GPA) of 4.93, Mr  Al-Amin Bashir-Bugaje from Electrical Engineering Department.

    “NNPC will sponsor him fully to wherever he wants to study in this world up to PhD. Level,” he said.

    Kamchatka-Baru said that NNPC had been at the forefront of fostering education in Nigeria.

    Earlier in an address of welcome, the ABU Chancellor, Igwe Nnaemeka Achebe, said: “Since my installation as the Chancellor of this university on Nov. 1, 2015, I have found this university to be vibrant and promising.

    “It has enormous human and material resources and a number of specialised research institutes, particularly agro-based ones.

    “These institutes include the Institute for Agricultural Research, National Animal Production Research Institute and National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services.’’

    He said that the institutes had over the years made significant contributions to the agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy.

  • FG approves N800m as budget support loan facility for states

    FG approves N800m as budget support loan facility for states

    President Muhammadu Buhari has approved the release of N800 million for each of the 36 states of the federation as part of the Budget Support Loan Facility.

    The Minister of Budget and National Planning, Sen. Udoma Udo udoma, stated this when he briefed State House correspondents, alongside Gov. Rotimi Akeredolu of Ondo, on the outcome of the meeting of the National Economic Council ( NEC ) in the Presidential Villa, Abuja, on Thursday.

    Udoma said the Accountant General of the Federation reported to the Council that approval for the payment of the amount had been received by his office and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) had been directed to pay the money to the states.

    “Governors expressed appreciation to the Federal Government for the restoration of the Budget Support Loan Facility for July and August 2017,’’ he said.

    He said the Accountant General also informed the Council that the balance in the Excess Crude Account (ECA) as at Nov. 17 stood at $2,309,693,583.35

    He said the Council was also updated on the balance of the Stabilisation Fund Account (SFA), which, as at Nov. 17 stood at N6,689,072,836.11

    The minister said the balance of the Natural Resources Development Fund Account stood at N100, 314, 169, 190,23 as at Nov. 17.

    Akeredolu told the correspondents that the Council received the Report of the NEC hoc Committee on Export Promotion.

    The committee was set up in September.

    “The report dwelt extensively on an export promotion plan geared towards achieving governments’ policy on the “zero oil Plan.

    “The Committee recommended, among other things, the establishment of a National Committee on Export Promotion, chaired at the Presidency level.

    “It also recommended the setting up of a  Technical Committee involving federal and states MDAs to help provide technical information and direction to the proposed committee.

    “The Ad-hoc Committee further  recommended that Export procedures and documentation be streamlined with  the identification of existing domestic investors and engagement plan for output expansion.

    He said the committee also recommended the establishment of more laboratories and testing centres to help improve quality and standard of export and the domestication of the Office of Technical Regulation (OTR) as recommended by UNIDO.

    On market for Nigeria’s products, he said the committee recommended the deepening of commercial diplomacy, one-stop shops for export and a National Export Portal to generate global orders to link suppliers to buyers

    “On Value Chain Development, the Committee recommended the development of clusters along product value chain, market driven research and development and the provision of seeds and seedlings.

    “The committee recommended the recapitalization of NEXlM Bank, the provision of Export Development Fund in line with NEPC Act, a five-year financial window on export expansion grant and funding scheme for exporters similar to the CBN Anchor Borrowers programme.

    NAN

  • CBN, NDIC push banks to return to Northeast

    CBN, NDIC push banks to return to Northeast

    There are ongoing moves by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) to get commercial banks and microfinance banks return to the troubled North-East region, NDIC Managing Director, Umaru Ibrahim has said.

    Speaking Thursday at the ongoing NDIC Annual Workshop for financial journalists in Kano, Ibrahim, called on the CBN to provide incentives for commercial banks and microfinance banks to come back to the North-east after they closed shops because of the impact of the Boko Haram on their operations.

    He said the Northeast has potentials to support economic growth and should be supported by banks to achieve the desired result. He spoke on the theme: “The Nigerian banking sector: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward.”

    He said: “Many bank CEOs have forgotten the economic potentials that exist in the Northeast. We need to awaken the banks to see the economic potentials in the Northeast. During the next special Bankers’ Committee meeting, the Northeast infrastructural revival will be discussed. The CBN already has planned to rebuild the Northeast,” he said.

    He called on the CBN and other major stakeholders in the financial system to rebuild the financial infrastructure in the troubled North-East region.

    He said the activities of insurgents in the region in the last few years have led to huge damage of financial infrastructure in the region.

    The NDIC boss disclosed that given the crisis in the North-East region, so many businesses have been adversely affected while some investors have moved their investments out of that region.

    He said the rate at which people are being financially excluded in the region has increased due to lack of adequate provision of financial services which was caused by insurgents.

    The NDIC boss said he would personally table the issue to the Bankers’ Committee during their next meeting so that concrete steps could be taken to address the problem.

    To encourage Deposit Money Banks to open more branches in the North-East, he said there was need for the CBN to provide more incentives to banks. He said, “We need to have the government of the North-East on board, they need to be sensitised on this issue.

    “We need more collaboration with the CBN and government of the North-East because without this, not much can be done.

    “It is necessary for the CBN to provide incentives for various banks in order to come back to the North-East because many bank CEOs have forgotten the potentials that exist in this region.”

    In his presentation titled “Rebuilding Financial Infrastructure in the North East”, the Director Development Finance, CBN, Mudashiru Olaitan, lamented the low level of access to the bank’s interventions in the region.

    Olaitan, who was represented by the Deputy Director in the Department, Sani Mohammed said out of the N82 billion that was spent between 2001-2008, no state in the region accessed the apex bank’s interventions.

    “In the commercial agricultural scheme intervention by the CBN, no state in the North-East accessed this intervention except in Taraba and Gombe which have only one each.”So there is need for the region to tap into the interventions,” he added.

  • Importation of rice: Farmers laud CBN

    Importation of rice: Farmers laud CBN

    The All Farmers Association of Nigeria ( AFAN ) has extolled the Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ) for drastically reducing the importation of rice, wheat and fish, thereby boosting local production of rice and other agricultural commodities.

    AFAN spoke at their Northeast zone meeting held in Gombe under the chairmanship of the National Vice President, Arable Crops, Auwal Tukur.

    They however called for the timely release of loans and other agricultural inputs to farmers at the inception of farming activates (April to May) to make for more effective utilization of the facilities and facilitate timely repayment.

    It also in the same vane called on the CBN to consider removing bank guaranty to frustrate the various state governments’ officials’ total control of the funds.

    AFAN said the difficulty in accessing insurance cover due to bureaucratic bottlenecks and procedural requirements is worrying, and therefore called on NAIC to enlighten farmers on the processes involved.

    The northeast meeting also reinforced the appeals to Federal Government to the recapitalise the Bank of Agriculture in order to reflect CBN current efforts and also aid the funding of agricultural activities and diversification of the nations’ economy.

    The meeting commended the introduction of Accelerated Agricultural Development Scheme ( AADS ), saying it would reduce youths’ restiveness, create jobs and reduce poverty.

    Farmers however agreed on the need to sensitise members to always payback their loans to facilitate the sustainability of the programme and the loans are revolving in nature.

    The meeting also agreed on the need to have a comprehensive database for all its members for proper identification.

    While urging the Federal Government to buy up excess grains from farmers at harvest season to increase their income, members called on AFAN to monitor inputs sold to farmers and report adulteration as AFAN must protect its members in all ramifications.

  • Our anti-rigging strategy in Anambra, by INEC

    Our anti-rigging strategy in Anambra, by INEC

    The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Thursday said it would be difficult to manipulate results in tomorrow’s governorship election in Anambra State.

    Ballot papers and result sheets were customised for each unit, ward and Local Government Area (LGA), which would make rigging difficult, it said.

    The sensitive materials were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) vault in Awka yesterday and distributed to the LGAs.

    INEC’s Head Voter Education and Publicity in Anambra, Mr Leo Nkedife, said Registration Area Centres (RACs) were created in every ward as administrative posts.

    According to him, they would reduce the time it would take to transport materials from council secretariats to the wards and to respond to emergencies.

    It would also prevent the possibility of an inconclusive election as happened in Idemili North and South LGAs four years ago, he added.

    “With the RACs, it’ll be easy for officers to move to the polling units instead of coming all the way from local government headquarters to the wards.

    “So, our men and materials will sleep at the RACs, so that as early as 5.30am, they can start moving to the polling units. And the elections will start on time,” he said.

    Non-sensitive materials, he said, were distributed two weeks ago, while training of ad-hoc staff, collation officers, presiding officers and supervisors had been concluded.

    Nkedife said a State House of Assembly bye-election would also hold tomorrow in Idemili North to replace a deceased lawmaker.

    He added: “We did a lot in terms of voter education. What contributed to voter apathy in Anambra is that people feel their votes might not count.

    “But, this time around, we’ve customised the ballot papers, result sheets ward by ward, LGA by LGA, unit by unit, so it’ll be very difficult if not impossible to manipulate. We’re going to make the election enjoyable. This time voting and accreditation will be simultaneous.

    “Accreditation and voting will start by 8am. It is expected that the last person on the queue would have voted by 2pm. Where by 2pm there are still people on the queue within the voting unit, they will still be allowed to vote. But anyone coming after 2pm will be turned back,” he said.

    Cards readers, he said, would be used to authenticate voters, adding that there would be no use of incidence forms, which was previously used where card readers malfunction.

    “We have perfected the use of the card readers. We have upgraded the software. We’re going to have technical support staff. The machines to be deployed have been tested and are all functional.

    “The use of the card reader is mandatory. There won’t be incidence forms. If the card reader fails, we have reserves. We’ll provide mentholated spirits so that fingers can be cleaned.

    “For riverine areas, special arrangements have been made for Anambra East, Anambra West and Ogbari. Their materials would move ahead of others.

    “This time, everything is in place. It’s a new INEC, a new Resident Electoral Commissioner (REC), new Heads of Departments (HOD)s, new Electoral Officers (Eos). We’ve made adequate preparations. There won’t be anything lacking, logistics-wise. We’re fully prepared and we don’t anticipate any hitches.”

  • Ajimobi seeks CBN support for Oyo agricultural development

    Ajimobi seeks CBN support for Oyo agricultural development

    Gov. Abiola Ajimobi of Oyo State has sought the support of the Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ) for the agricultural development of the state, particularly in cassava and maize production.

    The governor made the call on Wednesday in Ibadan during the inauguration of the State Project Monitoring Team and State Technical Advisory team of the Federal Government’s Accelerated Agricultural Development Scheme ( AADS ).

    The Federal Government launched AADS, as part of its efforts to diversify the nation’s economy, boost food security and transform agricultural production.

    Ajimobi, who was represented by the Deputy Governor, Chief Moses Adeyemo, said that Oyo State could develop to become the richest state in the country if its agricultural potential was fully harnessed and utilised.

    He urged the CBN, a principal partner in the scheme, to increase funding for the production of cassava and maize, in which the state had a comparative advantage.

    He also charged the committee members to put in their best in efforts to eradicate hunger in the country and create job opportunities for the youth.

    “The purpose of this inauguration is to quickly heed the call of President Muhammadu Buhari on the diversification of the nation’s economy from oil towards agriculture.

    “The president has made it clear to all that agriculture is our surest alternative to oil.

    “Our state is leading in the production of maize and cassava and with the support of the CBN; we can be the best producer of these and other crops in the country.

    “We want to call on the CBN to look into how to increase its budget for this scheme, especially in the South West (geopolitical zone) as the vegetation here is quite different.

    “Our farmers will have to clear thick bushes and trees to cultivate their crops,’’ he said.

    Mrs Tolulope Sadipe, the Special Adviser to the Governor on Projects and Bureau of Investments Promotion ( BIP ), said that maize and cassava were picked for Oyo State because the state had in comparative advantage in the cultivation of the two crops.

    “The targeted commodities under the scheme include rice, maize, cassava, cotton, soy beans, wheat, cocoa, oil palm, fishery, poultry and dairy production, as well as tomatoes and piggery.

    “Each state is expected to identify a maximum of two commodities where it enjoys a comparative advantage.

    “Our state has identified maize and cassava as the two commodities of preference,’’ she added.

    Sadipe said that the newly inaugurated committee would ensure the sustainability of the state’s efforts to empower farmers and provide employment for the youth in the state.

    The special adviser commended the CBN for the visit and the inauguration of AADS Project Monitoring Team.

    Members of the State Monitoring Team include Sadipe, the Commissioner for Agriculture, Mr Oyewumi Oyewole and the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Mr Victor Atilola,.

    Others are Mr Musibau Olatinwo, the Branch Controller of CBN, Mrs Fadekemi Akande, Mr Adegoke Adenrele, Mr Emmanuel Akinola and Mrs Titilayo Folorunso.

    Members of the State Technical Advisory Committee of AADS include the Secretary to the State Government, Alhaji Olalekan Alli, and the Special Adviser to the Governor on Agriculture, Prof. Segun Adekunle.

    Others are Mr Sikirullahi Fajimi, Ms Ganiyat Olawoore and Dr Morounkola Thomas.

    NAN

  • Katsina Govt. owes N29bn – Official

    Katsina Govt. owes N29bn – Official

    The Katsina State Government says it is indebted to the Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN ) and a commercial bank to the tune of N29 billion.

    Alhaji Farouk Jobe, the Special Adviser to the Governor Masari on Banking and Finance disclosed this during the annual budget break down on Tuesday in Katsina.

    He said the state government collected the loans to develop its infrastructure and settle pensions and gratuities of its retired staff.

    Jobe disclosed that the state government collected a loan of N11.5billion as bailout from the CBN, which was used to settle the pensions and gratuities of over 11,000 retired civil servants.

    “The previous administration in the state refused to settle the pensions and gratuities of retired 11, 000 civil servants in the state.

    “We also collected a loan of N10billion to develop our education, health, water supply, environment and road sectors from the Federal Government.

    “Out of the N10billion loan, we allocated N2billion to health sector; where we spent N1billion to rehabilitate Katsina General Hospital, we allocated N500million to Daura General Hospital and N500million to Funtua General Hospital,” he said.

    Jobe revealed that the renovation and upgrading of the three General Hospitals had reached 80 per cent completion.

    The adviser revealed that the state government also collected N5billion loan from a commercial bank to complete road rehabilitation started by the previous administration and the new ones started by the present administration.

    “We have used the loan to complete over 200 kilometres of road projects in the three senatorial zones in the state.

    “The state governments also collected N2billion loan under the poverty alleviation programme from the Central Bank of Nigeria for the development of Small and Medium Enterprises in the state.

    The loan for the small and medium enterprises had been distributed to over 500,000 youths and women that are engaged in small businesses across the state.

    NAN

  • Senate to publish names of companies in alleged N30trn scam

    Senate to publish names of companies in alleged N30trn scam

    The Senate says it is set to publish names of companies found culpable in investigation into alleged N30 trillion revenue scam in the import and export value chain.

    Sen. Hope Uzodinma, Chairman of the Joint Committee on Customs, Excise and Tariff and Marine Transport, made this known in an interview with newsmen on Sunday.

    He said the committee had completed its first batch of investigation involving over 60 companies and would publish names of companies involved in various infractions leading to loss of government revenue.

    He said the committee was releasing the names because it had established culpability against the companies.

    Uzodinma added that the names to be published would contain details of how much of recoverable government revenue was with each of the companies.

    The lawmaker stressed that companies found to be involved in infractions bothering on money laundering and foreign exchange abuses would be referred to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission ( EFCC ) for prosecution and recovery of the monies.

    He added that those bothering on smuggling and import infractions would be referred to the Nigeria Customs Service for recovery of such revenues and possibly blacklisting.

    “We got up to the point that even the companies themselves have seen that they are culpable and that is why we want to publish the names and hand them over to EFCC and Customs.

    “The reason for the delay in publishing the names all the while is to establish culpability against the companies.

    “Now through various reconciliations, it has been established and we are no longer in doubt, including the companies that are involved, that these things are in existence and that they are culpable.

    “We have presented the interim report which detailed how much we have recovered so far and the Senate approved it in plenary, while an extension was given to us to do the final reconciliation.

    “We do not want emphasis to continue to be on how much we have recovered even though it is contained in the report. We want those companies found culpable to go to government and make payments,’’ he said.

    The chairman further said that “some of the companies have started paying while others have not. None of them have fully paid what we have established against them.

    “Since they have started paying, we will now transfer the matter to the Customs, who will now do a recovery schedule with the companies that are willing to pay what is due to government.

    “By the time the names are published, Nigerians and the Federal Government will know which company is owing what and the relevant agencies will go after them to recover the money.’’

    The chairman said that the committee would commence the second batch of investigation after some oversight visits to establish culpability.

    He assured that the committee would not be deterred in its effort to assist government in recovering monies meant for the development of the economy.

    He stressed that the legislature would continue to use its constitutional powers to assist the executive in blocking leakages and increasing revenue generation, particularly in the non-oil sector.

    Uzodinma said it was appalling that in spite of government’s effort to improve revenue generation to meet the country’s development needs, some people were still involved in jeopardising such effort.

    The joint committee was mandated by the Senate to carry out investigation into alleged N30 trillion revenue leakages in foreign exchange and the entire import and export value chain between 2006 and 2017.

    It was mandated to identify leakages and irregularities in the system and come up with recommendations that would block further leakages and strengthen the revenue drive of the Nigeria Customs Service.

    In an interim report presented to the Senate on Oct. 18, the committee said it had recovered N140 billion.

    The report indicated that some collection banks had made remittances to the Central Bank of Nigeria to the tune of N128 billion with evidence of payment received by the committee.

    It further indicated that some of the 60 companies made voluntary payment of over N12 billion to government based on internal self-audit after receiving documented evidence of culpability from the committee.

    The report also indicated that the committee identified 32 leakage channels as the major sources of revenue loss in the import-export value chain, including undervaluation, wrong tariff classification and abuse of waivers and concessions.

    NAN