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Tag: Ebola

  • Ebola: Outbreak in Rivers causes panic in Bayelsa, Cross River

    Ebola: Outbreak in Rivers causes panic in Bayelsa, Cross River

    The spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) to Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, has created panic in neighbouring Bayelsa State as well as Cross River State.

    Residents in Yenagoa, the capital of Bayelsa State, became apprehensive when the news broke that a doctor had died of the virus in Port-Harcourt.

    The fear was heightened  by the proximity of Port-Harcourt to Yenagoa.

    People were seen in clusters at the popular Ekeki Park, where travellers normally board vehicles to Port-Harcourt, discussing Ebola.

    Although vehicles were seen leaving for Port-Harcourt, passengers and drivers took extra measures to protect themselves.

    Some quickly dashed to nearby shops to buy sanitisers while others, including drivers, wore hand gloves.

    A driver, who identified himself as Emmanuel, said although he was scared of the development, it would not deter him from engaging in his job.

    He said: “It is unfortunate that this virus has come close to us in Port-Harcourt. But we believe that it won’t get here. We will take measures to protect ourselves,” he said.

    In other places, including markets, people were heard expressing fears over the disease.

    The government had earlier set up a task force headed by the Commissioner for Health to take measures to stop the spread of Ebola in the state.

    The committee had embarked on aggressive campaigns to sensitise people on Ebola, including visiting the orientation camp of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC).

    The Bayelsa State Government had while closing the 2014 Batch B Orientation course charged corps members to lead the Ebola virus awareness campaign.

    The governor of the state, Mr. Seriake Dickson, appealed to the corps members to move into the rural areas and educate the people on the causes and prevention of Ebola.

    Dickson who was represented at the event in Kaiama, Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area, by the Commissioner for Education, Mr. Salo Adikumo, asked the corps members to play a committed role in ending the disease.

    Like Yenagoa, there was also panic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) in Cross River State yesterday over a suspected Ebola case.

    A worker in the hospital said the scare was due to the appearance of a very sickly patient.

    The worker said: “The way the patient looked, it was really bad. So, people started running away from the patient. Even some health workers at first ran away before attending to the person.”

    The scare was intensified when a member of the National Conference from Cross River, Mr Orok Duke, took to his Facebook page to spread the information.

    Duke said an Ebola patient arrived from Port Harcourt and had been quarantined alongside others who contact was made with.

    But the Chief Medical Director of the hospital, Dr Thomas Agan, said it was  unfounded.

    A text message addressed to Mr Duke read: “I am shocked that someone of your status will post an unfounded story on Facebook to misinform not only Nigerians but the world at large! You know the implications are far reaching!

    “Please be informed that there is no case of Ebola both in UCTH and General Hospital Calabar. I will advise you to retract what you have posted immediately sir!”

    The Commissioner for Health, Dr Angela Oyo-Ita, said it was not true.

    She said: “It is absolutely false. Whoever is bringing that up does not mean well for the state. A sick patient came in, yes, and people ran away. I received a call and acted on it. So they got back to me and said the person tested for HIV. The person came from Port Harcourt.

    “It is not true that people have been quarantined in the hospital. The patient was tested for HIV, not Ebola.”

    Commissioner for Justice, Attah Ochinke, on his Facebook page reacted: “This is not correct information. There is no Ebola in Calabar. While we encourage people to take precaution, we should be wary of creating panic.

    “A woman came in today from Port Harcourt sick and delirious. Medical staff at General Hospital were afraid to attend to her initially for fear of Ebola. Eventually, she was attended to and tests were conducted which proved she was not infected by Ebola.

    “It will be dangerous if every sickness is tagged Ebola as people who ordinarily should get quick medical attention may not get it, and we don’t know who.

    “Vigilance is high and isolation facilities have been prepared in Calabar just in case. But we pray that we don’t have to actually encounter a case of Ebola here.”

    Meanwhile, 82 new border patrol officials have been deployed in the state by the Nigerian Immigration Services (NIS) to help check people coming into the state from the borders in order to check the disease.

  • Ebola: Stop TAN rally today –Group writes Jonathan

    Ebola: Stop TAN rally today –Group writes Jonathan

    A network of non-governmental organizations in the Niger Delta region, under the aegis of DDM, has called on President Goodluck Jonathan to stop the planned TAN campaign rally, scheduled to hold today at the Liberation Stadium, Port Harcourt. A statement signed by Anyakwee Nsirimovu, the Convener of the group, cited the threat of a further spread of the dreaded Ebola virus as the reason for its call, and urged President Jonathan to use his goodwill to stop the planned rally. The statement reads in part: “We have been made aware of the Transformation Ambassadors of Nigeria (TAN) South- South campaign rally to campaign for your second term. The Minister for Health and the Rivers State government announced that the deadly Ebola Virus Disease has hit Rivers State, with one dead and scores of other quarantined. “As we have all come to know, Ebola has become a major challenge to public health and is now a critical concern to our nation, West Africa and indeed the world. We are all aware of the informed professional medical advice on the need to avoid body contacts, which is basically the easiest and common form of transmission of the Ebola virus. “As the Federal Government and other relevant bodies like the World Health Organization (WHO), Doctors without Borders, and the United States Embassy join hands with the state in combating and containing this outbreak in Rivers State, we are using this platform to plead with you and all concerned, to call off the planned campaign rally by TAN in Port Harcourt, in the interest of adhering to the advice of ‘avoiding body contacts’, which you know is inevitable if the rally is allowed to hold.” The group insists that it’s call on the president to stop the forthcoming TAN campaign, has nothing to do with politics, saying the right to health of the Nigerian public is far more important than any politicking in any guises at this point in time.

  • 5 Strange ways people respond to Ebola Virus

    5 Strange ways people respond to Ebola Virus

    The Ebola Virus (EVD) which came into Nigeria in July 2014 has left a lot of Nigerians living in fear. In an effort to protect themselves from the deadly virus many people have adopted strange preventive measures that range from the ordinary to the dramatic.

    The following are some of the preventive methods adopted:

    1. Refusal of Handshakes: Most people have stopped receiving handshakes from other people; they would rather take a verbal greeting only, and would not dare touch the person they are greeting at all. While some other persons just punch fists more popularly called “chop knuckle”

    2. Wearing of nylon masks and gloves: Nigerians now in a bid to prevent them from being infected with the EVD wear different body covers, such as the nylon or rubber gloves, on their hands, arms, and some on their entire body, when they are in public places.

    3. Using objects on ATMS: In banking transactions, Nigerians have devised funny means of not touching the ATM’s buttons. Some have been seen wrapping nylon around their hands or using biros, paper and even stones to punch the ATM keypads.

    4. Bleach rinsing: Some people have also taken to rinsing their children off with a bleach solution before and after school.

    5. Isolation: The deadly virus has caused many to live in isolation even in the offices. In offices, some have gone as far as refusing to handle each other’s flash drives. A woman who also saw an old friend she hadn’t seen in years made an attempt to hug her but the woman retracted saying “Don’t you know Ebola is in town?” This has strained their relationship now.  Passengers at a bus-stop in Guinea also fled the scene where an elderly man was vomiting, leaving the old man sick and helpless.

     

  • Ebola:Hospitality workers warned

    THE Institute of Hospitality, United Kingdom(Nigeria branch), has advised workers in the hospitality industry to ensure  a strict and high level of hygiene to prevent the spread of Ebola or put their guests at risk.

    In a release, titled ‘Interim Guidance about Ebola Virus Infection for Hotel’ and signed by the  honourary chairman of the institute, Mrs. Kehinde Daniel, the institute advised workers in the hospitality industry to, among other precautionary measures, wear impermeable disposable gloves, while cleaning the guest rooms and lavatories; wipe down lavatory surfaces and frequently touched surfaces in the guest room, such as armrests, seat backs, tray tables, light and air controls, and adjacent walls and windows with an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registered cleaner/disinfectant that has been tested and approved for use; and  do not use compressed air which might spread infectious material through the air.

    If a seat cover or carpet is obviously soiled with blood or body fluids, it should be removed and discarded by the methods used for biohazardous material;  throw used gloves away according to the company’s recommended infection control precautions when cleaning is done or if they become soiled or damaged during cleaning; Clean hands with soap and water (or waterless alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap is not available) immediately after gloves are removed.

  • Senegal confirms first Ebola case

    Senegal’s health ministry has confirmed a first case of Ebola, making it the fifth West African country to be affected by the outbreak, the BBC reports.

    Health Minister Awa Marie Coll Seck told reporters on Friday that a young man from Guinea was confirmed to have contracted the virus.

    The man was immediately placed in quarantine, she added.

    The current outbreak, which began in Guinea, has killed more than 1,500 people across the region.

    At least 3,000 people have been infected with the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned it could get much worse and infect more than 20,000 people.

    Senegal had previously closed its border with Guinea in an attempt to halt the spread of Ebola, but its frontiers are porous.

    It had also banned flights and ships from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone – the three worst-hit countries.

    But the Guinean health services reported on Wednesday “the disappearance of a person infected with Ebola who reportedly travelled to Senegal,” according to Senegal’s health minister.

    A young Guinean student later turned up at a hospital in the capital, Dakar, said Ms Seck, but he did not reveal that he had contact with Ebola patients in his own country.

    Senegal, a major transit hub for aid agencies, has a large Guinean population.

    Separately on Friday, residents of Guinea’s second largest city, Nzerekore, rioted after its main market was sprayed with disinfectant in an attempt to halt the spread of the virus.

     

  • Ebola: Kaduna orders screening of students on resumption

    Kaduna State government has directed all primary and secondary schools in the state to screen their students before allowing them into school premises when they resume on October 13.

    The state Commissioner for Education, Alhaji Ibrahim Ali, gave the directive Friday while addressing heads of private and public schools in the state.

    He, however, said the state government had concluded arrangement to distribute Ebola testing machines to schools before the resumption date.

    The commissioner said two machines would be given to schools with population of 500 students and below, while schools with population of 1,000 students will get four machines each.

    On school fees, Ali warned private schools to desist from arbitrary increase of fees without following the laid down principles and equally warned public school principals to stop using their personal bank accounts for saving of school fees.

    “All public schools must make frantic efforts to remit school fees to the government coffers in due time and as a matter of urgency open school accounts, in case they don’t have an active school account,” he said.

  • Scores put under watch as Ebola kills another doctor

    Scores put under watch as Ebola kills another doctor

    There was panic yesterday in Port Harcourt, the Rivers State capital where a doctor died of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).

    Dr. Iky Sam Enemua is  the second doctor and the sixth person to have died since Liberian-American Patrick Sawyer imported the disease into Nigeria on July 20.

    The late Enemua, a private practitioner’s death has extended the outbreak of the disease outside Lagos where it had been confined.

    The widow of the victim, who is also a doctor,  took care of him while he was ill. She has been quarantined. Her test result was being expected last night.

    Minister of Health Prof. Onyebuchi Chukwu and Rivers State Commissioner for Health Dr. Sampson Parker spoke yesterday on the Port Harcourt case.

    Governor Rotimi Chibuike Amaechi, in a broadcast, stated the measures being taken by the government to battle the disease. He urged the people to shun rumour mongering and not to panic.

    The commissioner said: “Dr. Iky  Sam Enemua  died last Friday, as a result of what was suspected was Ebola Virus Disease(EVD). The Rivers State Ministry of Health, on becoming aware of the conditions of his death, quickly commenced investigations and contact tracing.

    “As at today (yesterday), about 100 contacts from a hotel, patients of Dr. Enemua, patients of the hospital where he was treated until his death have been identified, and restricted in Rivers State.

    “The locations have been decontaminated. We have promised to be open and candid with the public on our efforts to tackle Ebola virus.

    “Some facts have emerged from our investigation. An employee of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on the team that received the late Patrick Sawyer, the Liberian- American who died of Ebola disease in Lagos, made a trip to Port Harcourt. He checked into a hotel and met with Dr. Iky Enemua. After a week of his departure, Dr. Enemua took ill and was rushed to a hospital, suffering from fever, diarrhea and vomiting.

    “In the course of the treatment, the managing physician became suspicious and took samples for investigation. A few days after, Dr. Enemua died (on August 22) and his body was deposited at a mortuary in Port Harcourt.

    “Dr. Enemua’s widow, who is also a medical doctor and who cared for him during his sickness has taken ill and been quarantined.

    “A few hours ago, result of the sample taken from the late Enemua came back and was tested positive for Ebola virus. The diplomat who was seen by the late Dr. Enemua is alive and well.

    “I urge every Rivers State indigene and residents to remain calm and go about their normal duties. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, and avoid unnecessary body contacts till further notice.

    “The government of Rivers State is doing everything possible to contain the effects and spread of the Ebola virus. We have all the material and human resources we need to fight and defeat the deadly virus.

    “Officials of the Federal Ministry of health and other international agencies are already here working with the state Ministry of Health. Together, I believe we can contain the disease.”

    A source said last night that the number of those restricted had climed up to between 100 and 150.

    News of the death of the doctor heightened fear among people. Private hospitals began to turn down patients with fever cases.

    Parker admitted the doctor’s death, then identified as a health worker but said result of the medical test was being awaited.

    Minister of Health Prof. Onyebuchi Chukwu, said the doctor’s death had increased the number of deaths as a result of the virus in the country to six. The doctor’s case was not managed by the government team; was only made known to the team after his death.

    The minister said the ban on mass gathering stands, explaining that apart from religious houses, organisers must seek clearance from the government before any public gathering.

    He said it was part of the measures to contain the spread of the virus.

    Besides, he said the resumption date for schools across the country is still tentative as it depends on the situation.

    Given the latest update on the virus, Prof. Chukwu said: “The total number of cases of EVD cases so far reported in Nigeria stands at 15, The  total number of cases treated at our isolation ward stands at 13. The total number of those discharged is seven. Total number of deaths is five, and the total number currently under treatment is one and the person is stable and improving clinically.”

    He explained the change in figure from the previous 13 which was announced sone few days ago. “You will also notice that  the number of cases has increased from 13 to 15, you will also notice that this additional two we not treated in the isolation ward in Lagos, “ the minister said, adding:

    “One of them is primary contact of the index case (Mr. Patrick Sawyer). Even though presently he does not have EVD but further laboratory tests indicate that he had suffered EVD.

    “This primary contact of Mr. Sawyer’s evaded our surveillance team in the last week of July 2014 and travelled out of Lagos to Port Harcourt where, as we now understand, he consulted with a doctor and was apparently treated for some symptoms. After four days, following a manhunt for him, he returned to Lagos by which time he was found to be without symptoms.

    “This case would have been of no further interest since he had completed the 21 days of surveillance without any other issue, but for the fact that the doctor who treated him died last Friday, 22nd August 2014.

    “Following the report of this death by the doctor’s widow the next day, the case was thoroughly investigated and laboratory analysis showed that his doctor died from EVD.

    “As a result, several contacts have now been traced, registered and placed under surveillance. However, because the widow is now symptomatic, she has been quarantined, pending the outcome of laboratory tests on her.”

    Chukwu urged Port Harcourt residents “not to panic over this situation as the experience we have gathered from Lagos and Enugu indicate that there is no cause for alarm when you have the government fully in control of the situation”.

    He said the incident Management Committee had deployed a “very strong team” to Port Harcourt to work with the state’s health authorities.

    He added that secondary contacts in Enugu would be followed up till tomorrow (today) when they are all expected to be discharged from surveillance.

  • Hospital workers protest Ebola victim’s body in teaching hospital’s morgue

    Hospital workers protest Ebola victim’s body in teaching hospital’s morgue

    University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) workers protested yesterday against the storage in their morgue of the body of Dr. Iky Sam Enemua, who died of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).

    The displeased employees, who pleaded not to be named, for fear of victimisation, urged the management of UPTH, on the East-West Road in the River State capital, to move the body from the hospital to avoid endangering their lives.

    The protesting employees also admonished Chief Medical Director (CMD) Prof. Aaron Chinonye Ojule to ensure that the body is moved quickly out of the hospital and to consider the hazards, especially with the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT), sharing a fence with the UPTH.

    One of the protesting workers said: “Why did the management of UPTH allow the body of somebody who died of the dreaded Ebola to be in the mortuary of our hospital? We do not want to die now. You know that Ebola is a fast killer.

    “We are kicking against having the Ebola body in UPTH. Prof. Ojule should save the workers and thousands of students of UNIPORT. Everybody is afraid of Ebola. Our children are still young. We want to be alive to give them qualitative education.”

    Chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee (CMAC) Dr. Charles Tobin-West, who is next to the CMD, described the protest as ridiculous, stressing that everybody was concerned about Ebola.

    Tobin-West said: “If the persons who claimed to be protesting are tired of working in UPTH, let them resign. Are they working in the mortuary to now complain that body of Ebola victim is in our mortuary?

    “I am not aware of any protest today (yesterday) in UPTH. The Federal Government’s team on Ebola was in the hospital, with all efforts being made to prevent infection. Everybody is concerned. Those who claimed to have protested should not cry more than the bereaved. There is nothing to worry about. I am assuring the patients, their relatives and other people who will come to UPTH, that the hospital is very safe.”

    With quarantine, fumigation and adequate precautionary measures being taken by the management, saw Tobin-West and the Federal Government’s team, the body would not infect anybody.

    Rivers State Governor Chibuike Amaechi visited a temporary quarantine site in Oduoha, Emohua Local Government Area of the state to control the spread of the Ebola virus.

    He said the facility would be upgraded to enable experts and professionals to properly manage and control the spread of the disease.

    Amaechi assured that the involvement of technical partners, such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), Medicins Sans Frontieres (MSF), also known as Doctors Without Borders, the American Embassy and the Federal Government would ensure that the disease is tackled and eliminated.

    “This is a temporary quarantine site for the Ebola virus and we are working on it to upgrade the facility. The place is a bit out of town and we want to start from here while we continue to search for a permanent site,” the governor said.

    He urged Rivers residents who have symptoms of the infection to boldly inform the government as plans have been put in place to give swift attention and treatment to the patients.

     Amaechi advised youths and people of Oduoha Community and neighbouring communities in the Emohua Local Government Area not to panic over the temporary site, adding that the Ebola virus is not air borne as confirmed by medical experts.

  • Ebola: Community embraces campaign

    Ebola: Community embraces campaign

    Residents of Ojodu in Lagos have pledged to be hygienic to prevent the dreaded Ebola Virus Disease (EVD).

    They flocked thronged the Ojodu community in Ojodu Local Council Development Area,  Public Health Centre to participate in a campaign organised by the World Health Committee (WHC) in the area.

    The health educator, Mrs Bola Faleke, explained and demonstrated to them, ways of preventing Ebola, stressing the importance of hand washing with sanitisers and avoidance of victims.

    The committee’s chairman, Mr Adebowale Adaranijo, said the campaign was aimed at sensitising the grassroots about the disease and ways of preventing its spread.

    The Chief Matron, Ojodu Public Health Centre (PHC), Mrs Toyin Bowale, advised residents to promptly take any one suspected to have the disease to hospital.

  • Doubts over Rivers’ readiness to battle Ebola

    Doubts over Rivers’ readiness to battle Ebola

    Is Rivers State set to conquer Ebola if it rears its head? The government and other stakeholders say yes, but a few believe that  sensitisation on the deadly disease, which has so far been confined to Lagos, started late and is not enough.

    Rivers State Commissioner for Health Dr. Sampson Parker said the state invited doctors from Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, United States to train health workers on how to handle likely Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) cases.

    Dr. Parker said the Rotimi Amaechi administration was being proactive because of the state’s proximity to Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone and other countries affected by the deadly disease, especially by sea. “We want to assure Rivers people that the government, which effectively handled the outbreak of the Lassa fever, will also tackle the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). Our health workers have been kitted to handle the EVD, even though no case has been reported.”

    But some medical experts have argued that the government responded too slowly on the Ebola virus unlike other state in the federation.

    “It was just last week that the ministry of health started making noise about the Ebola case, now they have brought in foreign doctors, saying they are ready to fight Ebola. But the question is: what has state government done to sensitise the teeming population in the state, especially at the grassroots level? The state government and its agency must institutionalise communication and awareness campaign about Ebola virus in all the local government areas because prevention is better than cure,” Dr. Emmanuel Ohwor said.

    Dr.  Chijioke Igwe said since Rivers State has not recorded any case yet, awareness should be the main concern.

    “So the primary concern of the state government is how to create awareness about the deadly virus in the state. As I am talking to you now, many people in this state still believe that the story of Ebola virus is untrue. So, this is our major challenge for now and not to bring doctors from abroad. Our people need to know about Ebola. The UPTH, BMSH and other hospitals in the state should send team of their staff to the rural area to educate the people.”

    Dr.  Sunny Chinenye, a consultant Physician who spoke at an Ebola awareness campaign organised by the University of Port Harcourt, said those living in the rural areas should be the first to be sensitised about Ebola virus.

    His reason: “These are people that set trap for bat and play with monkeys. They have access to bush -meat than those who live in the city. The culture of washing hands always is alien to them. They respect the tradition so much that they could sleep with the bodies of their relatives or loved ones. Of course, the body of an Ebola patient has more of the virus than when the patient was alive. So, the state must not relax. The government should put a proactive measure to contain the virus.”

    For Prof. Aaron Ojule, Chief Medical Director, University Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), his concern is that the state should prepare for Ebola as if it were already there.

    He said: “We cannot claim ignorance of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Port Harcourt. We may say it will not come but what if it comes, what we do? We must prepare for it and put adequate measures in place to face the challenge. To be frank, nobody knows which state is next.”

    Prof. Ojule said the hospital’s management has educated health workers on Ebola virus, especially those working at the laboratories. He said the awareness campaign was also to prepare the health workers on the change in job ethics.

    “I want to thank the hospital’s Infection Awareness Committee for putting this workshop together. This is mainly to educate the health workers on the need to be alert by handling every patient, even if the person has headache, he or she will be regarded as a potential carrier of Ebola disease.  This decision is in line with the Federal Government’s declaration of state of emergency on Ebola virus. It will assist the members of staff of the hospital to stay alert on any patient whether positive on Ebola virus or not.

    “The hospital must prepare for the challenge of the outbreak of Ebola disease by creating awareness to doctors and nurses whom reports and evidence have shown are at the greatest risk due to their professional calling. We are working with both the state and federal governments to see how we can contain the epidemic. We must protect ourselves, at the same time we don’t pray that any case should come but what if it comes? The doctors and nurses must be prepared.”

    He added that the hospital was working hard to improve its diagnostic capability.

    Another expert, Dr. Awopeju Temitayo, said the laboratory workers must be more conscious than any other person in the case of Ebola, adding that the room where an Ebola patient is being kept and the laboratory where the blood sample is examined are highly infectious and should be avoided except with safety wears.

    “I think I will suggest that we should be more careful at our various homes and environment. Some of us sleep in the same house with rat and we don’t care to chase them away from our homes. From today, I want to plead that we should kill the rats and ensure that no other ones come into our house again. This is because we don’t know where the rat is coming from. It may have contact with animals living with Ebola virus. People must also learn how to avoid fresh meat, stop touching fresh meat; those in abattoir are in a very high risk because they touch fresh meat. If that meat has Ebola virus, then the virus is more effective in fresh meat than when it is boiled or dried.”

    Significantly, many in the state still consider Ebola a myth.  A visit to motor parks and drinking joints showed that the ‘word’ Ebola sounded funny to this class of people. For them, it is another trick by the Whiteman to deceive Africans.

    Mr. Boniface Nduka, a bus assistant popularly called conductor, said: “Please don’t allow people to deceive you; it was HIV/AIDS to Lassa, now it is Ebola. How did they know that the name is Ebola? Oh, the Whiteman has been using our brain. If this disease kills the way they are talking about it now, we would have been in the grave. Now think about it, how many Whitemen have contacted the disease?”

    A passenger, who spoke with Niger Delta Report on a bus heading to Mile 4 axis of Port Harcourt, Chinaka Ugomati, said: “There is nothing called Ebola disease, it is another strategy for America to make money from the African countries. The Americans know about the disease; that was they were able to stabilise their citizens who contracted the Ebola disease.  Where do they see the drugs? Believe me, they are after our oil; they want to wipe us out as to take our oil.”

    The argument by Ugomati and Nduka show that more awareness still needs to be done.