Tag: Ibrahim Magu

  • EFCC secures 62 corruption convictions in three months

    EFCC secures 62 corruption convictions in three months

    The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on Thursday said it has secured 62 convictions in the first three months of the year.

    Also, the Chairman of EFCC, Mr. Ibrahim Magu, said the anti-graft agency has posted some of its operatives to Nigerian embassies.

    Magu said the agency will “continue to fight corruption whether anybody likes it or not.”

    These details are contained in EFCC Alert, a monthly documentation of the commission.

    The document said: “At the end of the first quarter of 2017, the EFCC secured 62 convictions, with the record set to be increased before the end of the second quarter, as it intensifies efforts geared towards ridding the country of economic and financial crimes.

    “Perhaps, more significant, is the fact that the record also includes that of a former state governor and oil magnates, among others.

    Some of the convicts are ex- Adamawa State Governor, Bala Ngilari (N167, 812,500 fraud); former Caretaker Chairman, Ogori/ Magongo Local Government Area of Kogi State, Gabriel Daudu (77 –count charge of N1.4b fraud); Hanna Abraham (14-year imprisonment for obtaining money by false pretence) and Obinna Nnamdi (two-year jail term for internet fraud).

    “Others are Uche Clinton and Emmanuel Okanni (N.8m BVN scam); Akintunde Abiodun (12- count charge bordering on stealing and forgery to the tune of N7, 806, 093); Frank Nwaotule (two- count charge bordering on criminal breach of trust and obtaining by false pretence to the tune of N5million); Usman Ahmed, Isiyaku Mohammed, Mohammed Badadi and Rilwanu Abdullahi (possession of fake Naira notes totaling N583, 000); Olugbenga Fabunmi, (one count charge bordering on Advanced Fee Fraud); Osagie Bliss (three-count charge bordering on conspiracy, possession of fraudulent documents and obtaining by false pretense); Jehu Kwasu (two-count charge of forgery and obtaining by false pretense about N5 million); Christopher Ngene (three -count charge of fraud, N200,000); Abubakar Umar and Habu Dogo (currency counterfeiters jailed for seven years.

    Magu disclosed that the anti-graft commission has posted some of its operatives to Nigerian embassies.

    According to the document, Magu made the disclosure during an interaction with some Ambassadors-designate.

    He said: “We are making you our ambassadors to fight corruption wherever you go, because we alone at the EFCC cannot do the job without your support.

    “We have posted some of our operatives to these foreign missions, and we will need you to work with us.”

    You should be involved in tracing and recovery of our stolen assets and facilitating the repatriation of those funds and the perpetrators.

    “Corruption flourishes when good people fail to confront it. You should key into our mission of ridding Nigeria of corruption, as this will be your greatest service to Nigeria.”

     

     

  • Corruption: Magu asks workers to become whistle-blowers

    The Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Mr. Ibrahim Magu, on Monday asked Nigerian workers to blow whistles on looting and corrupt practices in Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs).

    He said Nigerian workers are greatest victims of the mismanagement of the nation’s wealth.

    He said for workers to enjoy better life, they must join the fight against corruption.

    Magu made plea in his May Day address in Abuja.

    He said: “On the Occasion of the 2017 Workers’ Day celebration, it is my pleasure to felicitate with Nigerian workers all over the country. I have always said that workers are the unsung heroes of our country. The relative comfort that we enjoy as a nation is as a result of the sweat and toil of the Nigerian worker.

    “This occasion therefore offers us the opportunity to acknowledge the contributions of workers and also look at their fortunes which have taken a dip in this season of economic recession.

    “In recent times, it is no longer news that workers are owed salaries. Workers in some states of the federation can’t even remember the last time they collected their salaries at the end of the month. And this in spite of the bailout packages paid to some of the states by the Federal Government.

    “The pathetic state of the Nigerian worker is a paradox in a nation that is abundantly blessed in material resources. Without any doubt, the Nigerian worker is the greatest victim of the mismanagement of the nation’s wealth.

    “Part of that mismanagement is driven by corruption. What should have been used to bring better life to Nigerians including workers is stolen by a few people that found themselves in positions of leadership. The stealing of our common patrimony must not be allowed to continue.”

    He said Nigerian workers can only enjoy better life if they join the war against corruption.

    Magu added: “For Nigerian workers to be assured of better life, things must change. And part of that change is that the fight against corruption must be accorded more pride of place with workers themselves taking more active roles in this important campaign.

    “Most of the corrupt activities that go on in ministries, departments and agencies are not without the knowledge of workers.

    ” So, the onus is on workers themselves to resolve to put a stop to this looting by becoming active whistle blowers.

    “This will help instill more discipline in the use of public resources and ultimately guarantee a better future for us and our children.”

     

  • Reps refer Buhari to interpretation of law on Magu’s confirmation

    Reps refer Buhari to interpretation of law on Magu’s confirmation

    The House of Representatives has called on President Muhammadu Buhari to approach the court for the interpretation of the laws surrounding the appointment of the Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).

    Despite being told that being the aggrieved party, the House ought to be the body to approach the court for the position of law on the issue, the lawmakers insisted that the Executive should head to the court for clarity on the issue.

    The lawmakers said their decision became imperative for the preservation of doctrine of separation of power going by the remarks by Vice President (VP) Yemi Osinbajo, who backed his position with Section 171 of the Constitution that the appointment of EFCC Chairman does not require the confirmation of the Senate.

    The Senate had to reject President Muhammadu Buhari’s nominee, Ibrahim Magu twice.

    Following the adoption of a motion on the need to prevent the erosion of the doctrine of the separation of powers in the nation’s democratic practice by  Minority Leader Leo Ogor (PDP, Delta), the lawmakers roundly condemned the Vice President for attempting to ridicule the nation’s parliament with his remarks on the issue.

    Ogor said rather than make utterances that point to a negation of the doctrine contained in Sections  4(2), 5 and 6 of the 1999 Constitution as amended, the Executive should approach the court for the interpretation of the law.

    He said: ” I brought this motion clearly in defence of our democracy and in defence of the doctrine of the separation of power. Our democracy stands on a tripod which must be protected”, he said.

    “By the clear provision of Section 2 (3) of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act, the Chairman of the anti-corruption agency shall be nominated by the President subject to the confirmation of the Senate;

    “I am convinced that the EFCC Act is an Act of the National Assembly that can only be set aside by a Court of competent jurisdiction, and until that happens, the law remains in force and binding on all persons and authorities in the country;

    “Furthermore, I’m  aware that the Executive Arm of Government has not filed any proceeding in any court to challenge the provision of Section 2 (3) of the EFCC (Establishment) Act of 2004.

    “Under the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, the interpretation of the Constitution and Acts of Parliament is the sole responsibility of the Judiciary and not that of any person or official of the other Arms of Government;

    “It should be of concern that the statement credited to the Vice President is capable of eroding the Doctrine of Separation of Powers in our democracy, with its obvious implication of instituting a dictatorship in the country.”

    Supporting the motion, among several other lawmakers, Kingsley Chinda (PDP, Rivers) said Osinbajo should know that he is not the best despite being a professor.

    He said utterances of the government officials like the VP should be discouraged from being turned into the government policies.

    Sunday Karimi (PDP, Kogi) said the VP should be summoned to explain to the House why he has to ridicule the nation’s parliament with his remarks.

    On the other hand, Sani Zoro  (APC, Jigawa) urged his colleagues to exercise caution by confirming the authenticity of the remarks credited to the VP before taking a decision.

    On his part,  Abiodun Balogun (APC, Lagos)  said since it was the House that was the aggrieved party, in this case, it should be the one to approach the court for the interpretation of the law.

    “It is not advisable to ask the Federal Government to approach the court over its own position in this matter.”

    The contributions of the two were rejected.

    The motion was unanimously adopted after it was put to a voice vote by Speaker Yakubu Dogara.

    Committee on Legislative Compliance was mandated to ensure the implementation of the resolution.

  • Reps urge Buhari to challenge EFCC Act in court

    The House of Representatives has urged the Presidency to seek interpretation of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Act before a court, following the Senate’s rejection of Mr Ibrahim Magu as Chairman.

    The House also resolved that the executive should refrain from making statements that connote the usurpation of the judiciary’s powers considering it negative effects on the doctrine of separation of powers.

    This followed a motion on Thursday in Abuja by Rep. Leo Ogor (Delta-PDP) on the “need to prevent erosion of the Doctrine of Separation of Power”.

    Moving the motion, Ogor explained that by the clear provision of Section 2 (3) of the EFCC Act, the chairman of the anti-corruption agency shall be nominated by the President subject to the confirmation of the Senate.

    “Convinced that the EFCC Act is an Act of the National Assembly that can only be set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction, and until that happens, the law remains in force and binding on all persons and authorities in the country.

    “Further aware that the Executive Arm of Government has not filed any proceeding in any court to challenge the provision of Section 2 (3) of the EFCC (established) Act of 2004.”

    Ogor said that under the doctrine of separation of powers, the interpretation of the constitution and Acts of parliament was the sole responsibility of the judiciary and not that of any person or official of the other arms of government.

    He said that the statement credited to Vice President Yemi Osinbajo was capable of eroding the doctrine of separation of powers with its obvious implication of instituting a dictatorship in the country.

    Contributing to the motion, Rep. Simon Arabo (Kaduna-APC), said that there was need by the executive to tow the line of separation of powers.

    Also, Rep. Kingsley Chinda (Rivers-PDP), said that people should not continue to upgrade opinions to be actual facts.

    “Government should be responsive and listen to the opinions of the masses,” he said.

    The motion was unanimously adopted when it was put to a voice vote by the Speaker, Mr Yakubu Dogara.

    The House, therefore, mandated its Committee on Legislative Compliance to ensure implementation of its resolution.

     

  • VP meets with Magu, DG DSS, NSA, others

    VP meets with Magu, DG DSS, NSA, others

    Vice President Yemi Osinbajo on Thursday met with some top security officials and other highly placed officials at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.

    The meeting came twenty-four hours after the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Babachir David Lawal and the Director General of the National Intelligence Agency, Ayo Oke, were suspended from office.

    Osinbajo yesterday met with the Director-General of the Department for State Security (DSS), Lawal Daura, the National Security Adviser, Babagana Monguno, Inspector-General of Police (IGP), Ibrahim Idris, Acting Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, Ibrahim Magu and the Minister of Justice and Attorney-General of the Federation, Abubakar Malami.

    Lawal’s Adamawa State Governor Jibrilla Bindow, was also reportedly sighted at the Presidential Villa yesterday.  There was no confirmation that Bindow, whose presence was confirmed by some State House workers, had audience with the vice president or the Chief of Staff to the President, Abba Kyari.

    It was, however believed that the governor’s visit was not unconnected with the suspension of the SGF.

    Magu, after meeting with the Vice President, disclosed that he attended Assets Recovery Committee meeting.

  • Lawyers to EFCC: Name owner of seized money 

    Lawyers to EFCC: Name owner of seized money 

    Lawyers on Friday urged the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to name the owner of the huge sums of money found in an Ikoyi apartment.

    Constitutional lawyer and rights activist Chief Mike Ozekhome (SAN) said the claim that the money belongs to the NIA was “facical”.

    He said there was no way a reasonable person would agree that an intelligence agency would hide money in an apartment.

    The SAN urged EFCC to name and shame the owners, saying someone must own the apartment.
    Ozekhome said: “We seem now fixated to name, shame and humiliate Nigerians with the paint brush of shame, odium, obloquy and denigration.

    “How can about N15billion be found in highbrow Osborne Road, Ikoyi, by no means a back squalid street? How can the equivalent of CIA, keep such hard currency in cash at an unguarded apartment, tucked away with many other apartments in a block of flats, not in a separate heavily fortified and fiercely guarded stand -alone building that has “keep off” carefully imprinted on it?

    “What was it meant for and who approved it and in which budget? Who was the whistleblower that could identify that such money was ‘hidden’ in the bedroom in flat 7A, leaving out flat 7B, yet not knowing who kept the money there or its ownership?

    “Why was EFCC not pictured or recorded on video going into the apartment, before we suddenly saw an arranged ‘counting’ of money? Are there no CCTV in such a highbrow? Can we see the footages, please?
    “Only last week, N49m orphaned sum was ‘arrested’  at Kaduna Airport! Then, suddenly another sum of orphaned N448m was ‘discovered’ in an ownerless shop in Victoria Island. Who owned the plaza? Who sold there? Are there no CCTV there? Can we see them, please?

    “The truth is that all these simulated, ‘arranged’ ‘discoveries’ can only temporarily divert attention from the hunger, squalor, fear, disease, non-performance and cluelessness of this government.

    “But, unfortunately, even lies have their expiry date. Truth is inexorable, immutable and eternal.The chicken will finally come home to roost,” Ozekhome said.

    To him, the report that the money belongs to the NIA was “farcical, heretic, total hogwash, bunkum and balderdash”.

    “Let this government and its minions credit Nigerians with some modicum of sense and capacity to reason, even with their valiant attempts to cow, browbeat and intimidate all opposition elements and critical voices in their so called corruption war.

    “At least, not even the terror halo cast on our individual and collective psyche has dulled our analytical minds.

    “The entire theatricality and Baba Sala’s Alawada Kerikeri buffoonery ought to be reserved for some circus show at the National theatre or Traffagal Square, where comedians and humour merchants entertain. The emergent facts do not show  NIA’s ownership of the money, but the grand cover-up of a serving minister’s ownership of the money.

    “It is so, so sad that all these national diversions are simply geared towards highlighting and emphasising the omnipotence and indispensability of just one man, Ibrahim Magu, as Executive Chairman of the EFCC.

    “We should build strong institutions, not strong individuals. Before Ibrahim Magu, there was a Nuhu Ribadu; there was a Mrs Waziri, and there was an Ibrahim Lamorde.

    “After Magu, there would still be another EFCC Executive Chairman. All these so-called humongous recoveries of orphaned monies are simply geared towards showcasing ineffable efficiency, effectiveness and matchless proficiency. It simply doesn’t work that war.

    “In the USA, wherefrom we borrowed our presidentialism, the equivalent agency works silently behind the scene, only seen, but never heard, except where it becomes absolutely necessary.

    “But, here in Nigeria, the EFCC engages in grotesque media trial, hifalutin and shocking disclosures of orphaned monies whose destinations after the media hype is never known.

    “Where are all the alleged recoveries of vast sums, attached properties, etc, made by the EFCC kept, and how much are they? When asked this question by the Senate during screening, Magu told a shocked and bewildered Nation he did not know!”

    Another SAN, Seyi Sowemimo, said if the money truly belongs to the NIA, the agency should come forward to explain the purpose.

    “I find it strange that a public agency like the Nigerian Intelligence Agency (NIA) would come forward and admit that it kept the money there. What could be the reason for keeping such money there? Is it in any way tied to its official duties? What was the purpose?

    “It is only when the NIA discloses this that one can know if it is concerned with its functions and I don’t know if this is something that they should do without disclosing it to maybe an institution like the Central Bank.

    “The position as I have always understood it is that you cannot keep such monies in a private residence. But I am even going beyond that in order to come to a view of the matter. It isn’t enough for the NIA to say ‘it is our money’.

    “They need to go beyond that and say whether it is in any way connected with their statutory duties and how they came about the money. Why should a minor institution like that not have the money in a bank? To me, it does not add up.

    National President, Committee for the Defence of Human Rights (CDHR), Malachy Ugwummadu, said the true owner of the money must be exposed.

    “It raises questions of the legality of warehousing those kinds of sums. If the NIA claims it owns the money, to what extent has it also explained the need for such humongous sums kept outside the banking system?
    “Was it for an operational purpose? What purpose requires those kinds of amounts and needed to be done only by the disbursement of the money in the manner that they were found?

    “When were they kept there? For how long have they been there? Who authorised them to be kept there? For what purpose? These are questions that must be answered by anyone who shows up claiming to be the owner of that kind of money.

    “Otherwise, it would raise suspicion that we are looking at a system that encourages even official financial transgressions and that supports the kind of temerity we are seeing,” Ugwummadu said.

  • Court refuses to order AGF to investigate EFCC chairmen

    Court refuses to order AGF to investigate EFCC chairmen

    An FCT High Court, Jabi, has struck out an application seeking an order to compel the Attorney-General of the Federation (AGF), to investigate former EFCC chairmen for alleged corruption.

    Justice Abba-Bello Muhammad struck out the application after listening to the submission of the applicant’s counsel, Mr Frank Tietie.

    Plaintiffs in the matter with suit number M/4853/17 were George Uboh and George Uboh Whistleblower Network.

    Muhammad struck out the suit on the ground that the applicants lacked the locus standi to compel the Attorney- General to investigate past chairmen of Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC).

    According to the judge, the applicants have no power under the provisions of the law to decide for the AGF who to prosecute.

    “I have examined the application of the applicants seeking an order of the court to commence an action of mandamus on the respondents.

    “Applicant must have a locus standi before such an application can be granted,’’ the judge said.

    According to Muhammad, a private legal practitioner has no locus standi to compel the AGF to prosecute a person.

    The judge added that Section 383 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) was specific on when a private legal practitioner could compel the AGF to investigate an individual
    The applicants had prayed the court, to exercise its powers under Section 174 of the 1999 Constitution and order the AGF to investigate and prosecute former and present EFCC chairmen.

    Those listed for investigation were Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, Mrs Farida Waziri, Mr Ibrahim Lamorde, Ibrahim Magu and Access Bank Plc.

    They averred that the EFCC chairmen were fraudulent, and refused to account for recovered money in accordance with Section 15, 16, and 17 of the EFCC Act.
    The plaintiffs said that the respondent owed them a duty to prosecute the EFCC chairmen

  • Buhari, Dogara meet in Aso Villa

    Buhari, Dogara meet in Aso Villa

    President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday met behind closed doors with the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Yakubu Dogara at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.

    It was also gathered that the Senate President, Bukola Saraki was expected to join the meeting.

    Dogara arrived the Villa at exactly 12 noon.

    The meeting may not be unconnected with the face-off between the Executive and the legislative arms of government.

    The grey areas included the summons of the Comptroller-General of Customs, Hameed Ali, who was to appear in uniform, the rejection of Ibrahim Magu as the Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, and the extension of tenure of a Permanent Secretary by the President which the House of Representatives is currently kicking against.

    The Presidency last week set up a committee to meet with the leadership of both Chambers of the National Assembly to reach a compromise on the issues.

    The committee chaired by Vice President Yemi Osinbajo has membership including ex-lawmakers in the cabinet.

    The meeting was still in progress at the time of filing this report.

  • Magu to Sun newspaper: Seeks N5bn compensation for libel

    Magu to Sun newspaper: Seeks N5bn compensation for libel

    Ibrahim Magu, acting Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC),has written a letter to the publisher of the Sun Newspaper in Abuja seeking a N5 billion naira compensation.

    Wilson Uwujaren, Head Media and Publicity, EFCC said this on Thursday in a statement in Abuja.

    He said Magu was seeking the compensation for “libelous imputations and statements” made against him in a story published on the March 25, 2017 edition of the Saturday Sun.

    “The publication was captioned “Magu under fresh probe over 2 Abuja Mansions”.

    The spokesman said that Magu’s solicitor, Wahab Shittu, noted in the letter that the authors of the story – Fred Itua, James Ojo and Lawrene Enyoghasu, “wilfully and maliciously made false, destructive, and defamatory statements” against him.

    He said that the paper quoted unidentified sources.

    Uwujaren said that the writers of the “offensive” report, had maliciously alleged that Magu owned “two mansions on different streets in highbrow Maitama area of Abuja”

    “This is a case which they could not substantiate, and which in fact was false, and nothing but the figments of their imaginations.

    The statement said that Magu further reiterated that “neither himself nor his wife own any property in Maitama.

    He said further that Magu in addition to the demand for N5 billion compensation, has charged the publishers to issue a public apology and immediate retraction in writing of these false libelous statements”, within the next seven days.

    The statement also demanded that it must be published on the front page of the newspaper.

    ” Failure of which, “legal remedies including monetary damages, injunctive reliefs, and an order that you pay necessary costs including solicitor’s fees for your defamation”, will be taken.

    It added that the publishers are also to provide “written assurance within seven days, that they would cease and desist from further defamation” of Magu’s name, integrity, and reputation,

     

  • Magu’s rejection push-back against anti-corruption fight – NGO

    Magu’s rejection push-back against anti-corruption fight – NGO

    Partners for Electoral Reform (PER), a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) said Senate’s rejection of Ibrahim Magu as Chairman, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) was a setback to anti-corruption fight.

    Chairman of the organisation, Mr Ezenwa Nwagwu, told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Abuja that the issue was not to glorify anyone as sole corruption fighter as it was being demonstrated.

    He said that it was clear that Magu came with purpose and courage and that his determination to curb corruption was strong.

    Nwagwu said that what was happening was “corruption fighting back’’.

    “The National Assembly, especially the Senate, has become an extension of the Governors’ Forum; majority of these governors are under investigation.

    “In fact, the Senate President’s wife is under investigation and the courage to fight is only coming from the present leadership of the EFCC.

    “So, to ask that the same body to be the one confirming the man who has put them on the spot is illusionary; secondly, there are issues around the bailout funds and it’s a huge scandal that is erupting.

    “The national assembly, many of them are former governors and have been implicated in it and what that means is that if you allow Magu, many of them will be rubbished with the kind of courage he has.

    “So, there are issues around whether the presidency didn’t know about the report of the DSS and all of those things are palace intrigues.

    “I call it palace intrigues because the conflict between EFCC and the DSS is about inter-agency rivalry that Nigeria is known for and all the pettiness that goes with it is what is playing out and nothing more,’’ he said.

    Nwagwu said that he expected the senate to take itself above pettiness and act in a statesman’s manner for the good of the country.

    He said that those who conceived the idea of the different arms of government checking the other never thought of a situation where persons in one arm would be those who were being investigated by another arm.

    “That is the challenge now and for me, the day he was rejected was a sad day for Nigeria, yet people are saying it was because he did not perform well at the national assembly,’’ he said.

    The NGO boss said that the gift of the garb was not a condition for diligence or performance as they were many people who could not communicate well yet came top in class.

    He said that Magu’s rejection was a deep conspiracy against the anti-corruption fight in Nigeria and nothing more.

    However, Mr Festus Okoye, Executive Director, Human Rights Monitor, said that there was no mystery or mistake to Magu’s rejection by the senate.

    Okoye said that the Constitution of Nigeria recognised duality of power and did not give the president of the country the power and authority to be the sole decision maker in relation to appointments.

    “What it has done is to give the president the power of nomination and to the senate, the power of confirmation of the nomination.

    “The powers being welded by the executive in terms of nomination and the powers being welded by the senate in terms of confirmation are the powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

    “So, if the organ given the power to confirm says the person has failed an integrity test, I do not see why we should not sleep because of it.

    “Secondly, I think it is incongruous and a disservice to our democracy for us to wrap our institutions around individuals, for us to insist that only one individual can do the job of fighting corruption in Nigeria,’’ he said.

    Okoye said that rather than insist on breaching the Constitution and that only one individual could do the job, Nigeria should return to the drawing board and do what was right.

    He said President Muhammadu Buhari, in his wisdom, should nominate somebody else to take that position, adding that Magu’s rejection may not be because the “lawmakers has skeleton in their cupboard’’.

    Okoye said that since Magu failed the integrity test involving issues of corruption and abuse of office, it was not right to claim that he was rejected because the lawmakers were corrupt.

    Mr Clement Nwankwo, Executive Director, Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (PLAC), said that the national assembly had liberty to take any action it dimmed fit in its statutory responsibility.

    Nwankwo said “if the national assembly rejected Magu based on integrity report, so be it; it should not be an issue at all.’’

    On his part, a lawyer, Mr Frank Tietie, said that Magu’s rejection was a welcomed development towards choosing leaders to head major institutions.

    According to Tietie, who is Executive Director, Citizens Advocacy for Social and Economic Rights (CASER), since Magu has been implicated in corruption case, there is a case against his integrity.