Tag: Labour Party

  • Elected members behind our crisis, says Labour Party

    Elected members behind our crisis, says Labour Party

    • ‘INEC’s absence didn’t invalidate Abure, NWC’s re-election’

    The Labour Party (LP) has accused elected members of sponsoring the internal crisis within the party.

    National Legal Adviser Kehinde Edun stated this yesterday during a news conference at the party’s secretariat in Abuja

    Edun however said the party cannot be intimidated or cowed by any external aggressor.

    His statement comes three days after INEC announced that none of its officials attended or monitored proceedings at the party’s March 27 national convention in Nnewi, Anambra State.

    Abure has been at loggerheads with the NLC leadership over the legitimacy of his re-election. The party’s internal rift remains unresolved as the NLC and its stakeholders continue to distance themselves from the current NWC.

    Read Also: Tinubu not opponent of protest but violence, says minister

    The situation escalated further when INEC responded to a request by a lawyer for a Certified True Copy (CTC) of its report on the convention and the party’s constitution. INEC’s position has since led to a chain reaction, with the NLC insisting that it has been vindicated.

    The NLC subsequently set up a National Transition Committee (LPNTC) headed by Comrade Abdulwahed Omar, a former President of the NLC. Omar, on June 25, threatened to flush out Abure from the party.

    But Edun said the INEC letter was wrongly interpreted. According to him, the presence or absence of INEC officials does not affect the legitimacy of the national convention.

    He also argued that NLC’s attempt at hijacking the party was illegal and unconstitutional, adding that sections 221 to 229 of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria forbid the ownership of a political party by anybody or group.

    The legal adviser also accused the NLC of flouting the law by applying the Congress funds towards political objectives.

    According to him, sections 15(1) to 15(3) of the Trade Union Act prohibit the NLC from applying its funds towards any political objectives.

  • FULL LIST: Labour Party’s senators drop to five in Red Chamber

    FULL LIST: Labour Party’s senators drop to five in Red Chamber

    Since its inception, the Labour Party (LP) has struggled, like many others, to challenge the dominance of the APC and PDP, which have consistently secured the majority of seats in the National Assembly.

    However, the party experienced a significant resurgence in May 2022 when former Anambra state Governor Peter Obi joined after leaving the PDP and withdrawing from the presidential race.

    Obi’s presence revitalised the Labour Party, attracting a growing number of supporters, particularly among the youth.

    His influence also bolstered the ambitions of various candidates who ran for different positions under the Labour Party’s banner.

    According to checks by The Nation, the Labour Party now has five senators in the upper legislative chamber, reflecting its growing influence and presence in Nigerian politics.

    This is as Ezenwa Onyewuchi, senator representing Imo East and a member of the Labour Party (LP), defected to the All Progressives Congress (APC).

    Akpabio directed the sergeant-at-arms to hand Onyewuchi a new seat on the aisle of the majority lawmakers.

    Below is the list of Labour Party senators in the red chambers:

    1. Okechukwu Ezea – Enugu North Senatorial District

    Okechukwu Ezra was born in Enugu State, Nigeria, to Theresa (née Attamah) and James Ezea from Enugu State.

    He attended Community Primary School, Umachi in Enugu-Ezike, and Nsukka High School in Nsukka for his primary and secondary education respectively. Ezea proceeded to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka where he studied political science, graduating with a BSc in 1986. Ezea also had his LL.B and LL.M in law from the University of Lagos, Akoka.

    2. Ireti Kingibe – FCT Senatorial

    Ireti Heebah Kingibe (born 2 June 1954) in Kano State is a civil engineer and politician. She was elected member of the senate representing the FCT in the 2023 Nigerian Senate elections under the Labour Party.

    She is the younger sister of Ajoke Muhammed, the wife of former Nigerian head of state Murtala Muhammed.

    Kingibe’s education started at Emotan Preparatory School in 1966, after which she attended Queen’s College Lagos between 1966 and 1967 and Washington Irving High School between 1970 and 1973 for her secondary school education.

    She bagged a degree in Civil engineering from the University of Minnesota between 1975 and 1980.

    3. Neda Imasuen – Edo South Senatorial District

    Neda Bernards Imasuen is a Senator from Edo State. He was elected in 2023 to represent Edo South senatorial district in the National Assembly.

    He is a member of the Labour Party. Neda started his primary education at St. Thomas’ Catholic School, in Benin City, Edo State where he obtained his Primary School Leaving Certificate.

    He proceeded to the Edo Boys High School, also Benin City and obtained the West African School Certificate. After his secondary education, he proceeded to the University of Maiduguri where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree.

    He was certified and enrolled as a Solicitor and Advocate of the Supreme Court of Nigeria in 1985. He graduated with a Master’s degree in Public Administration from the Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus in 2004

    4. Victor Umeh – Anambra Central Senatorial District

    Victor C. Umeh, OFR is a politician who served as the National Chairman of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) and is now a Senator representing Anambra Central Senatorial District in the 10th Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, on the ticket of the Labour Party.

    Umeh hails from Aguluzigbo, a town in the Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State.

    Umeh was born on 19 July 1962 to the late Sir Innocent Ofojekwu Umeh (KSM) and Lady Elizabeth Umeh (LSM) of Ifite village, Aguluzigbo in Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.

    Read Also: BREAKING: Imo Senator, Onyewuchi dumps Labour Party, joins APC

    Born into a strict Christian family, he started his education at St. Bridget’s Primary School Aguluzigbo from where he proceeded to Bubendorff Memorial Grammar School Adazi-Nnukwu, graduating on top of his class with Division One in 1980.

    The same year, he got admission into the University of Nigeria Nsukka where he read Estate Management and graduated in June 1984 with a BSc Honours in Estate Management.

    5. Tony Nwoye – Anambra North Senatorial District

    Dr. Tony Okechukwu Nwoye is the senator representing Anambra North Senatorial District under the Labour Party.

    He was a gubernatorial candidate of the People’s Democratic Party, PDP, in the 2013 Anambra State governorship election and was also a gubernatorial candidate of the APC in the 2017 Anambra State governorship election.

  • JUST IN: Britain’s Labour Party wins parliamentary majority, Starmer new PM

    JUST IN: Britain’s Labour Party wins parliamentary majority, Starmer new PM

    The Labour Party, headed by Keir Starmer, has won an outright majority in the lower house of the British parliament, according to a tally of seats by broadcaster Sky News.

    Sky News on Friday said that with 467 of the parliament’s 650 seats declared, Labour party won 326 .

    British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak conceded defeat in the general election minutes before any media outlet declared that the threshold of 326 seats was reached.

    The exit poll commissioned by three broadcaster, the BBC, ITV, and Sky News forecast earlier that the Labour would achieve a landslide win of 410 seats, while the number of seats for the Conservatives would be reduced to 131.

    “The Labour Party has won this general election, and I’ve called Sir Keir Starmer to congratulate him on his victory,” Sunak said.

    “The British people have delivered a sobering verdict tonight, there is much to learn… and I take responsibility for the loss,” he said.

    Sunak is expected to announce his resignation soon to pave the way for Starmer to take over as Britain’s new prime minister after meeting Britain’s King Charles III.

    “We did it. You campaigned for it, you fought for it and now it has arrived,” Starmer addressed crowds in central London after the Labour majority was confirmed. “Change begins now.”

    Read Also: Boris Johnson returns to support Sunak as UK election campaigns end

    The British people “had to look us in the eye and see that we can serve their interests and that doesn’t stop now,” he said.

    “I don’t promise you it will be easy,” he added. “But even when the going gets tough and it will be remembered tonight and always what this is all about.’’ (Xinhua/NAN)

  • Labour Party chieftains meet in Kaduna, demand explanation on 2023 campaign funds

    Labour Party chieftains meet in Kaduna, demand explanation on 2023 campaign funds

    • Chide Obi over failure to hold postmortem meeting

    Chieftains of the Labour Party (LP) in Kaduna State including candidates and aspirants in the 2023 general elections as well acting state executive council members, met in Kaduna on Friday, asking the party leaders at state and national levels to give account of the 2023 campaign funds.

    The party stakeholders who were led at the meeting by the state’s Acting Chairman, Alhaji Isa Ciroma, Acting Secretary, Sani Musa Sahabi and the Senatorial Candidates for Kaduna South and North, Engineer Mike Auta and Alhaji Sidi Bamali, respectively, said the refusal to render account is not a sign of good leadership.

    Briefing journalists after the meeting which lasted into the night, Alhaji Sidi Bamali, flanked by other chieftains, commended the Presidential Candidate of the party, Peter Obi for rendering account of campaign funds that came through him and asked other party leaders at the states and national levels to follow suit.

    The Chieftains on the other hand berated Mr Peter Obi for his failure to hold post -election meetings with party stakeholders, particularly frowning at Obi’s several visits to Kaduna State, without meeting with the party members and chieftains.

    Read Also: I’m not leaving Labour Party, says Peter Obi

    According to Bamali, “We thought it wise to hold this press briefing because there is a whole lot to be said. Its essence is not only to propagate the party’s agenda, but to also bring to the fore some, if not all, of our grievances towards the leadership of the party both at the state and the national level and proffer probable solutions to these challenges.

    “The aftermath of the 2023 general elections has given us reasons to ponder on some of the challenges encountered, lessons learnt and the probability of thinking ahead, in order to redefine our path to victory. Today we are here to take a critical assessment of these problems and fashion out ways in which solutions would be preferred.

    “Prior to the 2023 general elections, the LP was a stationary, rickety, disjointed vehicle that was lacking several essential parts. Its functionality and existence were questioned in the nation’s political arena, however, a few months to the election proper, some political juggernauts, well meaning individuals, and the common man, who were tired and frustrated by the misconceived idea of democracy injected life into the one immobile vehicle until it became a force to reckon with.

    “The heavy wind of a change mantra blew across all zones, especially in Kaduna and people joined in the struggle to propagate a change in leadership. This movement may not have produced the desired results and our expectations were dashed, but we fought a good fight.

    “It is on record that both local and international observers had their misgivings about the election proper; this aside our stolen mandate in some of the senatorial districts, although, the 2023 general elections in Kaduna State particularly, placed the presidential candidate at second position in the state with huge number of votes, that alone was a good sign that we all worked to achieve that outcome,” he said.

  • Minimum wage: Labour Party urges Fed Govt, Labour to return to negotiation table

    Minimum wage: Labour Party urges Fed Govt, Labour to return to negotiation table

    The Labour Party has called on both the federal government and Organised Labour to return to the negotiating table and arrive at an acceptable position for the sake of suffering Nigerians

    The party noted that in just few hours into the nationwide strike called by the Trade Union Congress and Nigeria Labour Congress, the country has been thrown into darkness, hospitals shut and water pipes drained thereby throwing Nigerians into yet another hardship.

    The party in a stay by its national publicity secretary, Obiora Ifoh said in order to remove that suffering from the people, both the government and labour have to shift ground to have a meeting point

    The statement said: “It is our opinion that the Federal Government ought not to have allowed the strike to commence in the first instance. And whether a new minimum wage is due, the answer is yes, because the reality as of today is that the current minimum wage of N30.000 cannot even take anybody home. It cannot stand the economic realities of the people as of today. This reality accords the importance of an upward review of the minimum wage.

    Read Also: Labour party condemns killing of soldiers in Abia

    “As to the amount that is being demanded, it is our sincere opinion that both parties should come to an agreement, each party should shift their position in the spirit of negotiation so that we can have something that is reasonable from both sides. The amount being tabled by the Federal Government can be upped but the Organised Labour must also prune their demands.

    “We want to urge both parties to come back to the drawing tables. We particularly appeal to the Federal Government, that they must play the role of the father figure by ensuring that Labour comes back to the table so that they can discuss and agree in order to avert the current suffering that the people are going through.

    “The government must show concern and sincerity and that they are ready to shift ground enough for the Labour to trust them and return to the negotiation table.”

  • Labour party condemns killing of soldiers in Abia

    Labour party condemns killing of soldiers in Abia

    The Labour Party (LP) has condemned the brutal killing of five soldiers in Abia state during Biafran Day celebration last Thursday. 

    The party urged the “military to go after the perpetrators but avoid any collateral damage on the side of the innocent and law abiding citizens.” 

    The party said this in a statement on Sunday, June 2, issued by its national publicity secretary, Obiora Ifoh.

    The party also commended Abia state Governor, Alex Otti for his prompt action by pledging to support the military in a means to ensure that the culprits are brought to book and for also announcing a N25 million bounty on the perpetrators of the heinous crime.

    It reads: “While we commiserate with the Chief of Army Staff, Major General Taoreed Lagbaja and the entire military command on the unfortunate incident and pray for the repose of the soul of the gallant heroes, we are however worried by the threat by the military command to avenge the death of the soldiers. We urge the military to be professional in their approach for vengeance in other to avoid further loss of lives. 

    “Unknown gun men or whatever names they chose to bear do not deserve to be spared. They have caused untold and unnecessary pains to the South East and deserved to be wiped out but we urge that the military response to this latest act of provocation must be measured and targeted at these elements alone.

    Read Also: Labour Party dismisses purported suspension of national chairman Abure

    “Abia state has remained the most peaceful state in the whole of South East obviously due to the untiring efforts of the state government to weed the state of all criminal element in the last one year, therefore, the Labour Party thinks this latest attack was a deliberate act to conflagrate the state with actions capable of attracting reprisal from the military. 

    “We urge the military not to fall into the bait set by these men who will soon meet their Waterloo. Abia state has witnessed massive developmental strides in the area of infrastructure, and has been turn into an investment haven, we therefore urge the military not to allow this unfortunate incident to recede the progress.

    “The military’s threat to retaliate with a fierce response and to bring ‘overwhelming military pressure on the group to ensure their total defeat’ is of a fact, in order but it is a threat with potentials of engendering a humanitarian crisis if the retaliation turns out to be occupational, indiscriminate and unrestricted. 

    “News from Aba and its environ is scary as youths and young men are reported to have started deserting the area for the fear of their lives. Meanwhile, the perpetrators must have most certainly fled from the area leaving the Innocent and the vulnerable at the mercy of the military.

    “On this note, we urge the military to deploy more intelligence gathering in identifying the culprits, and root them out. Any onslaught against the citizens by way of abduction or extra judicial extermination will be regrettable.”

  • Resist enticement to join other parties, LP tells members

    Resist enticement to join other parties, LP tells members

    The Labour Party (LP) has urged its members to keep faith with the party and resist enticements to join other parties.

    The party said it stands as the next alternative for good governance in Nigeria, particularly in Oyo State.

    Its Chairman Sadiq Atayese, while addressing chairmanship and councilorship candidates in the last local government election, lauded them for showing doggedness in the election.

    According to him, the party’s leadership would always represent best interest of the candidates, the party and people despite the election outcome.

    He said: “I would like to appreciate your participation in the last local government election. I must especially commend your vision, focus, determination and doggedness at winning; you made so much sacrifice of your time, money, energy, and other resources.

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    “You gave a good fight and I am convinced that the public accepted your candidature at your various local governments. My appreciation also goes to party members at the local governments who supported the campaigns with their time and resources.

    “As for the outcome, the public have taken turns to condemn it. We may be disappointed but we should not be disturbed, we should take it as a blessing in disguise because our participation in the election has actually reshaped the destiny of the Labour Party for good.”

    Chairmanship candidate for Ibadan North, Babatunde Omirin, acknowledged that election held in some places, but majority of the polling units witnessed no election due to non-availability of voting materials, controlled release of voting materials, late arrival of voting materials and outright thuggery.

    He said the conduct was a far cry from the promises and assurances given by the OYSIEC chairman in the build up to the election.

  • Emeka Ihedioha’s plot to join Labour Party thickens as ex-Imo Gov visits Otti

    Emeka Ihedioha’s plot to join Labour Party thickens as ex-Imo Gov visits Otti

    There were strong indicators at the weekend that the former governor of Imo state, Emeka Ihedioha would be joining the Labour Party (LP).

    Ihedioha had resigned his membership from the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in a letter to the national and state leaderships of his former party, after contesting the governorship election on the platform of the party.

    However, there have been rumours that he would either join the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) or Labour Party where he is expected to run for the governorship position in the state in the next governorship election since he was not able to achieve such political ambition in the PDP.

    The visit of Ihedioha to the Governor of Abia State, Dr. Alex Otti at the weekend in his Nvosi, Isiala Ngwa South country home has sparked yet another conversation among political watchers over the political future of Ihedioha.

    Read Also: NLC, others lack powers to sack Abure led NWC, says Labour Party

    The visit of Ihedioha to Otti and his (Ihedioha’s) cold war with the governor of Imo State, Hope Uzodinma has ended the hope that he (Ihedioha) will join the All Progressives Congress (APC) and APGA.

    The chief press secretary to Gov. Otti, Kazie Uko confirmed the visit of Ihedioha to Alex Otti at the weekend.

    Uko however said that Otti and Ihedioha went in for a close-door meeting but the outcome wasn’t made public.

  • Labour Party’s travails

    Labour Party’s travails

    In the aftermath of the February 25, 2023, presidential elections in which the Labour Party (LP) and its flag bearer, Mr Peter Obi, exceeded even their own expectations in terms of the number of states won and the spread of its support base, the party began to affect an exaggerated sense of its political worth and significance. Not even its far less stellar outing in the March 18 governorship elections in which the LP only managed to win in Abia State could bring the party leaders down to reality from their delusional flights of fancy.

    Indeed, having won 12 states including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) as well as Lagos State, where he led with approximately 10,000 votes, Peter Obi scandalously claimed to have won an election in which he came third. Of course, no empirical or logically credible reasons needed to be offered for this utterly fictitious claim. Mr. Obi’s assertion and that of his fellow LP co-travelers were sufficient for those hooked on the opium and frenzy of the ‘Obidient Movement’, a largely amorphous and headless group within the LP, that came to constitute the core of Obi’s and the party’s electoral strength.

    Indeed, even beyond the LP, a number of pathetically naive elements, particularly youths, began to romanticize the party as the vehicle capable of midwifing the New Nigeria of our dreams. The first shocker for those who dwelt in this imaginary universe was the rejection by the LP members of the National Assembly of the suggestion in several quarters that they should dissociate themselves from the widely criticized decision of the National Assembly leadership to procure imported Special Utility Vehicles worth over N100 million each for members of the legislature in these hard times.

    Their turning down of the largesse, it was argued, would help to enhance their credibility and integrity and also portray the LP as being ideologically distinct from the other major parties. But they would not budge. Who would spit out a juicy morsel from his mouth in the name of a value like integrity lacking in concreteness to paraphrase the great Chinua Achebe? The LP does not necessarily stand on an ethically superior moral plane to the other parties.

    The breakout of the equivalent of a civil war within the leadership of the LP, leading to a bifurcation between Barrister Julius Abure and the Lamidi Apapa as well as Mr Abayomi Arabambi factions was again to help in reinforcing the notion that what bound the LP together was not necessarily more altruistic and noble than obtained in other parties. Charges of criminal infractions of the law including forgery of party documents and financial malfeasance were leveled against Abure by the Apapa and Arabambi faction. At this juncture, the presidential candidate, Mr Obi, and the ordinarily temperamental, impetuous, abrasive and belligerent Comrade Ajaero, President of the Nigeria Labour Conference, decided to hold their peace. Apparently, they heard nothing and saw nothing.

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    But when it became clear that the wily Julius Abure was planning a National Convention of the LP in Umuahia scheduled for March 27, all hell was let loose. Critical stakeholders including members of the House of Representatives caucus of the party and the Trade Union veterans, comprising respected former leaders of the trade union movement, urged that the National Convention be put off. They insisted that ward, local government and state congresses should hold before the National Convention which must be planned, organized and supervised by an expanded Board of Trustees of the party taking on board all stakeholders including new members.

    Of course, the National Convention has since taken place in Nnewi, Anambra State, and Abure and other members of his executive re-elected as National Chairman for another term. The picketing of the LP offices nationwide by members of the NLC obviously under the instigation of Joe Ajaero failed woefully to frustrate Julius Abure’s plans. Until a political solution is found to the impasse or judicial intervention is sought, Abure is sitting tight unto the Chairmanship seat alongside other members of his executive.

    Speaking on the crisis on a national television station recently, Ajaero claimed that the LP was formed to allow ordinary members to contest and win elections, pointing out that even the party’s presidential candidate in the last election did not belong to any labour union. In his words on that occasion, “Any Nigerian that wants to belong to the LP is free. The reason we formed the LP is that Nigerian workers under the minimum wage cannot buy form and contest elections under any of the political parties be it APC or PDP. That’s why we say we must have our own political party where a messenger, or clerk can contest elections and win. Even Okada riders are in the National Assembly today through the Labour Party.”

    If this is the LP and NLC’s contribution to the evolution of political development and democracy in Nigeria, nothing could be more tragic. So for Ajaero and his LP, the quality of those who are elected into the national legislature in terms, for instance, of educational attainment or professional accomplishment does not matter? In any case, it is untrue that the idea of forming a LP was to give poor Nigerians the opportunity to contest for elections without stress. If so, how and why did the erstwhile National Treasurer of the LP, Ms Oluchi Opara, publicly allege that Abure be made to account for over N3.5 billion she claimed the party received from sale of forms and donations for the 2023 elections? In addition, Abure was accused of selling the nomination and expression of interest forms for the forthcoming Edo governorship elections for N30 million? Is it not instructive that she was suspended for six months for allegedly bringing the party to disrepute?

    There is no doubt that a party like the LP is direly needed on Nigeria’s political terrain. It is the kind of party, if properly conceived, organized and efficiently run, that can serve as a genuine ideological alternative to the APC and PDP. Unfortunately, the Labour careerists and aristocrats at the helm of the Labour movement in this dispensation especially, have opted to make the party available to all kinds of characters who cannot make it under their previous parties and thus seek to utilize the LP as a Special Purpose Vehicle to achieve their objectives. It does not matter how ideologically vacuous and philosophically barren such opportunistic aspirants are.

    A group within the NLC responsible for this appalling state of affairs in the LP, in the view of this column, are the Trade Union Veterans comprising illustrious past leaders of the NLC who are also, presumably, founding fathers of the LP. This group is made up of the pioneer President of the NLC, Comrade Hassan Sunmonu; the just departed 2nd President of the NLC, Comrade Ali Chiroma; the pioneer General Secretary of the NLC, Comrade Aliu Dangiwa; the second National Secretary of the NLC, Comrade S.O. Oshidipe; as well as BOT Chairman and pioneer Chairman of the LP, Comrade Lawson Osagie.

    In a written statement prior to the holding of the controversial National Convention by the Abure faction, these veterans had lamented that “We cannot sit down and continue to watch as the ideals, principles and ethical values of the Labour Party we toiled so much to build over the decades are being rubbished by one man. Consequently, we urge Abure to step aside now as the National Chairman of the Labour Party and in his place, the BOT should appoint a Caretaker National Chairman that will organize congresses in the states before the National Convention can be convened”.

    These eminent trade union leaders in my view spoke too little, too late and they apportion blame only on one side when the crisis is a function of the actions and inactions of various parties on different divides of the Labour movement. I find the statement issued at a press conference in Abuja by a former Vice President of the NLC, Comrade Isah Tijjani, more dispassionate and nuanced. He did a thorough analysis of the situation and concluded Abure had failed in his leadership of the LP while being encumbered by too many scandals and that Joe Ajaero had also failed abysmally in his role as National President of the NLC.

    In his words, “In this connection, our good members are hereby strongly reaffirming their cardinal demand that Abure must go. Hence, our members will not despair in pointing out the many failings of comrade Ajaero, especially in the sphere of Labour unionism, which clearly demonstrate that his well-known choleric temperament and overly undemocratic character have made him totally unsuitable for leadership”. In other words, both Abure and Ajaero must go if the LP is to be salvaged and given a fresh lease of life and also to enable the NLC retrieve its credibility and integrity as an essentially non-partisan organization.

    The trade union movement in Nigeria is older than any of the major parties. It is a tragic irony that both the NLC and TUC with reported combined membership strength of at least 10 million workers could not massively mobilize its members to vote for a credible, progressive and ideologically informed candidate in successive elections. Indeed, I do not see any party with an organizational reach across the country compared to the Labour movement. Rather, for the 2023 presidential elections, the LP had to surrender its ticket to Peter Obi who brought nothing but ethnic and religious sentiments to galvanize support for the LP. This is a great setback for both the Labour movement and the LP which they must begin to remedy now. The labour movement is also essentially a class-based one and no organization is better placed to mobilize people across primordial, religious, and ethnic divides and to vote on the basis of merit-driven criteria.