Tag: Lord Lugard

  • Busola’s equivalent

    Questions will linger, even when it seems the cause celebre is over. No affair of the heart, especially where sex roils, ever fades into the grave. Even when it is only suggested, without a scintilla of proof, it overruns the human imagination. Hence writers and movie directors have steamed movie screens and pages with the forbidden romance between Jesus and Mary Magdalene. Why? Because sex is the only deity without a shrine. The shrine, however, is not tactile. You cannot touch. It lurks and frisks in the heart, eluding even the owner of the heart.

    In its name, war theatres have burned, bullies roared, mansions erected, kingdoms rose and fell, dictators trembled, patriarchs bowed, families atrophied, fathers betrayed son and daughter, father defiled daughter, father cuckolded son, son overthrew father. Sex stalked the best tales of history. Josephine and Napoleon and the Napoleonic wars. Anthony and Cleopatra and the Roman epics. Gowon and Edith, Ojukwu and his re-enactments of David and Bathsheba, all in the Nigerian civil war. Even the birth of the holy of holies, the Church of England, was powered by the fiery loins of Henry the Eighth and Anne Boleyn. Many suicide bombers would be earthly saints if they didn’t fantasize about the many virgins swirling in the hereafter. Even MKO Abiola, our great June 12 hero, was nothing without his pacts with his flesh.

    Even in literature, tales fail where sex does not perspire. Homer’s The Iliad was all about Penelope, Okonkwo’s machismo would fall limp without his escapades, Soyinka’s Death and King’s Horseman will faint if the protagonist did not rethink the lush loins he was vacating. The great writers, Flaubert, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Conrad, Dostoyevsky, Sophocles, Euripides, all paid homage to sex.

    So, when Busola Dakolo added to this human obsession, it only proved that the shrine was all well and good in our country. Some say they believe her. Some say she made it up. Those who believe say her story says it is not only hers but also of others, all those who have erupted into the public space with personal accounts of Pastor Fatoyinbo’s sizzles in the dark. Why, some said, did she set him up? Why did she come down in her night gown with all its prompts and temptation? Why did she drink the Krest? Why did she go to her home after the corruption? Why did she wait for two decades before blabbing? Why give him another opportunity for pelvic explosion on a car bonnet?

    Whatever happened in that alleged dawn of rape and Krest, what her doubters must realise is the pedagogy of the oppressed. That is the education of Busola. A defiled person is not a normal person after the fact. If she was raped, why did she not scream at the time? Remember that this was the man she held in awe, a sort of divine rescuer. He came to replace a deadbeat dad, who was never around. He came as God’s messenger to her life. She also knew the man was a “redeemed cultist” with all the fear and trembling.

    She was not only cowed in body, but also in spirit. She was therefore a dazed person. How was she to confront this defiler? How was it not her fault, she would tell herself. She would, in that subjugated cast of mind, want to seek validation even with her conqueror. She would want him to tell her she was not a bad person. That way she would keep going to him, and not only him but other men. Maybe, somehow, she would realize that it was not her fault.

    That is what her traducers don’t know. Humans bond with their oppressors. They go back for comfort. It is the tyranny of oppression that the oppressor’s greatest asset is not the conquest of the body but of the spirit. According to Busola’s account, the man first conquered her spirit, therefore earning her trust. Conquering her flesh was a forgone conclusion. So, once the spirit submitted, rape was easy, even in the cosy intimacy of her home that he apparently frequented. He knew the comings and goings in the household, so he also plotted his comings and goings. This also happens in marriages, where spousal abuse is routine, but the victim remains trying to redeem themselves with the abuser, hoping they would find absolution. Singer Tina Turner suffered for many years under her husband, and she did not know she had great legs until she was free. It is such freedom that Busola sought and found elusive.

    Her sort of oppression is commonplace in the realm of politics. Donald Trump  is a great modern example. He would not have won, if he did not have the support of women, including suburban and educated ones. They saw protection in a man who has shown open contempt for women in word and deed. In the patriarchal age, who delayed suffrage for women, was it men? NO. it was women in the United States who fought against women’s rights icons like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

    The man, who would soon be United Kingdom’s Prime Minister Boris Johnson, or BoJo, has never had a reputation for treating women with respect. Recently, he had a row with his girlfriend and his neighbour had to call the cops. Not long after, he posed on a lawn with the same woman, two of them feigning a smile.

    The Russians have for about a century lived happily under one tyranny after another, but they would go to war to defend their oppressor. Is Kim’s North Korea not an instance of such power of one man over a people for generations? Same applies to Filipino leader Duterte, who jeered, ‘’so long as there are many beautiful women, there will be many rapes, too. Or Brazillian leader Bolsonaro, who mocked a woman that ‘’I would never tape you because you dont deserve it’’.

    Father bequeaths it to son. In Nigeria, have we not seen people vote for the same person over and over even with no example of progress. They weave myths about the personages, and they believe everything they hear and dismiss facts evident before them.

    Eventually such powers fade, but before then, they bow before their oppressors until the light comes. It happens in politics as with the men of God. The men of God use miracles, as though miracles are the real evidence of God’s presence, when the devil also can do miracles. Even Jesus dismissed them as workers of iniquity. If they focus on the weightier matters of the law, they would distinguish the phony from the true.

    The people who suffer avidly under such politicians and prophets are the political and pious equivalents of Busola Dakolo. But like Prometheus in Aeschylus’ play, Prometheus Bound, suffering is for a while. In the Greek sequel, the man seeks freedom by reconciling with Zeus. But centuries later, an English poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley, rewrote Prometheus Unbound, making the man obtain freedom by rebelling against the gods. That is the recipe Busola is seeking, to rebel against the man who played God in her life, for decades.

    Rousseau had an answer that resonated in the French revolution. He exclaimed, “force them to be free.” That, perhaps, is what Busola is doing for herself.

     

    Roach of democracy

    The last time I wrote about Rochas Okorocha, I described him as seeking to be a post-governor, his own version of a dual mandate, apologies Lord Lugard. Hence, he is still running ads on television about his heroics, as though the baton has not changed hands. If you go to Imo State, you will wonder how the man governed a state with such lack of restraint. Forget about the university he built for himself while in office that looks better than any in the state or region, even though almost completed. Forget about the statue of a failed South Africa leader he erected on the same pedestal with Ojukwu, the Igbo preeminent hero. Also forget a secondary school he called Rochas College of Africa he carted away from the state’s broadcasting corp., or the estate he built or his wife built while he was in office, the poshest in the state. And forget that he erected a hand statue, named Akachi, pointing to heaven beside the estate. Forget that the exco chamber is like a civil war relic, cobwebs and cracks, from neglect and he held his exco in a place that looks like a beer parlour.

    One of the endangered roads

    What I could not get over were some roadworks that endangered his fellow citizens. A few of them had shown deep craters as though bombed. They were built without due process and without proper blocks and rods.  I saw two bridges in Owerri that Governor Emeka Ihedioha has shut off awaiting proper investigation. On one bridge, I met staff of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) who had warned Okorocha not to toy with Imo lives. Parts of the bridge have dipped under pressure, the hole not revealing any proper rods.

    The man said he had finished the work in Imo State, maybe for himself. And he eyes our presidency. Those who coined the phrase delusion of grandeur had not seen his type. He also built tunnels that many road users are avoiding, because they look like disasters waiting to happen. If the roads and bridges are restored, Gov. Ihedioha would have been saved Okorocha the spiritual consequences of disastrous blood guilt. He confirmed we have Roaches of democracy in this land.

  • Lord Lugard was here….

    After open air jollifications at the intriguing Waka club on the Catholic Mission street last Sunday, snooper paid an unscheduled midnight visit to the famed Lagos Lawn Tennis Club to commiserate with a friend whose son recently lost his mother in law. The feel-good atmosphere was as hilarious as it was infectious. There was a dancing retired admiral, polite and amiable to the hilt in the true officer and gentleman tradition, and plenty of chicken suya.

    All hell broke loose as we were departing and snooper’s gaze fastened on the plaque of former presidents.

    “Hmmm, I didn’t know that Lord Lugard was your founding president”, snooper observed in innocence. Our host, sensing an insurgent trap, exploded.

    “Is that the kind of foolish question you should be asking after taking our beer and suya?”, he snapped. Snooper kept his peace but the host was far from satisfied. Charging snooper to the car, he railed in Lagosian lingo. “So ti e ri awon omo ale ara oke yi. (See these upcountry louts!)”

    Baron Fredrick John Dealtry Lugard must have been laughing in his grave.

     

  • Lokoja: City of historical monuments

    Lokoja: City of historical monuments

    Tosin Makinde writes on the historical monuments in Lokoja, Kogi state and the need for the government to develop initiatives and programmes that would help to make these legacies attractive.

     

    Federick Lugard was a man that likes comfort and luxury. He probably needed such luxury to write one of the most controversial colonial books.

    In the book, ‘Dual mandate’ Lugard famously and probably naively stated that an average African “lacks the power of organisation, and is conspicuously deficient in the management and control alike of men or business.” And “…Perhaps, the two traits which have impressed me as those most characterise of the African native are his lack of apprehension and ability to visualise the future.”

    Callous and untenable one might want to argue about Lugard’s view about Africa and Africans as many have argued since the book was written but present realities in Nigeria and more in a place like Lokoja where majority of Nigeria colonial legacies lies and where the importance and significance of these legacies are receiving little thought or care shows that Lugard views could house some iota of truth but the manner of presentation was probably offensive to the dignity of an African.

    How would one explain a situation where students of History and International Studies in the state higher institutions could not name nor describe the location or even know the existence of those colonial monuments that have come to define Lokoja and for which Lokoja is known? A lecturer got a shock when he asked his student about what they know about these colonial monuments in Lokoja but none of them could tell him anything tangible about these monuments.

    It is not only the students that are showing indifferent attitude to the colonial monuments that surround them in Lokoja, residence of different status portray the same attitude giving credence to what Lord Lugard more or less have in mind when he wrote in that book that Africans “…lack the power of organisation, and is conspicuously deficient in the management and control alike of men or business…”

    A plague commemortaing the lowering of the Roayl Niger in Lokoja Company flag

    The fact that a lot of Nigeria’s colonial history is woven around Kogi State, particularly Lokoja cannot be overemphasised but what can be emphasized is the fact that the people and residence of Lokoja care less about the existence or significance of these monuments which if well maintained could fetch the State fortunes in internally generated revenue.

    For Abdul, a Motorcycle Operator in Lokoja the only thing he knows about the Cenotaph which was erected in honour of Nigerians and Africans that fought in the first and second world wars was that it is a place where soldiers used to converge in January of every year for match pass, nothing else. He does not even know where the colonial cemeteries are sited.

    Not only him, according to Mr. Samson Oyetunde a staff in one of the Universities in Lokoja, it is not that the people don’t know of these places but know next to little about what they represent or their significance; “We know that these monuments are there but we don’t know what they stand for or what they symbolise. We don’t put them in mind” To him, it is the government that should take the initiative in creating the needed awareness about the significance of these monument to the development of Lokoja and Kogi State in general “if the government is proactive and comes up with initiative that aim at creating awareness about these monuments, the people will change” he said.

    However, the General Manager, Kogi State Hotels and Tourism Board Mr. Olowolayemo Joseph has another perspective. To him, the people’s lackadaisical attitude towards the promotion and celebration of these legacies cannot be justified claiming that the government has put in place various programmes are aimed at creating awareness about these monuments and gearing up the interest of the people. “The attitude of the people is uncalled for, it is a bad situation that even foreigners cared and show more interest in our legacies than our people do,” he lamented.

    DAKOTA DUAL SIM

    He said that among the initiatives of the government in ensuring the promotion of the significance of the legacies among the people who in turn will take it upon themselves to take care for these monuments is a programme on Youth sensitisation, a programme on the Nigerian Television Authority among others. “NTA usually shows clips of these colonial monuments every day before reading the News. We are also planning to launch a book during this centenary period titled; ‘Nigeria in the eyes of Lokoja’ which will be available to the public and help increase the awareness,” he revealed stressing that one cannot talk about Nigeria history without mentioning the city of Lokoja.

    Writing Nigeria colonial history without the mention of Lokoja will only amount to half measure not with the array of late first Governor-General of Nigeria Sir Fredrick Lugard. It was in Lokoja that the name of this country Nigeria was coined by Miss Flora Shaw later Mrs. Lugard, she did that while looking at the majestic River Niger.

    Not wanting to do away with some of the colonial legacies of the city, the seat of the state government is the same place that served as Lord Lugard’s office and residence retaining its original structure with minor renovation, the ambience on entry the Kogi state Government House will tell you that much.

    The European and African Cemeteries in Lokoja are another set of colonial monument worthy of visiting and reliving anytime one visit this naturally and colonially endowed city. Here Europeans and Africans missionaries and soldiers were buried in three different places within Lokoja township, they all harbour between eighty to six hundred graves with their inscriptions.

    Lokoja was also a very important town during the slave trade era especially after the abolition of the trade by the British government. It was in Lokoja that slaves that were rescued from Slave Merchants ship were set free. The spot where such slaves were freed from slave merchants is marked with two pieces of iron poles referred to as ‘Iron of Liberty”, a crusade championed by the Late Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther, this iron of Liberty is located inside the compound of Crowther Holy Trinity School.

    In the area of Colonial education, Lokoja can boost of being in possession of acclaimed oldest school in Northern Nigeria – The Holy Trinity (Bishop Crowther) Primary School was constructed in 1865 by the Church Missionaries Society (CMS) and still in use till now as the Holy Trinity (Bishop Crowther) Primary School.

    Another of the Machine gun used during the war with the nmaes of the soldiers who participated during the war.

    Other colonial monuments that would make one wonder why the people and residence of Lokoja hardly take note of them or take interest in them are the Graveyards of deposed Northern Emirs who were deposed to Lokoja for refusing to be used as agents of Colonial masters, the Lord Lugard’s senior Staff Quarters which are a set of prefabricated buildings whose materials were brought from England and being used today as the office of Kogi State Hotels and Tourism Board.

    Probably the most celebrated tourism treasure and rightly promoted and made use of by Lord Lugard during his time but not be used as maximally required by the government and the people in today’s tourism world is Mount Panti.

    Overlooking the River Niger and hedging the town west ward is the towering Mount Panti standing 458.3 metres or 1,500 feet above sea level with a stretch of 15 kilometre square plateaus. This wonderful gift, nature bestows on Lokoja deservedly or not over looks Lokoja like a monolith making it possible to view the scenic plain that surround the city.

    Lugard so much fell in love with this natural beauty that he builds his resting house on it from where he savoured the beauty of nature outlay in Lokoja.

    Other colonial endowment in Lokoja include the oldest Hospital in Northern Nigeria, the oldest Prison yard in Northern Nigeria, the Safe of the oldest Treasury in Northern Nigeria and the Cenotaph erected in honour of the Nigerian and African soldiers who fought in World war one and two.

    All these monuments no doubt turned Kogi state into one with the highest concentration of colonial historical relics and monuments than any other sates in Nigeria but the lack of interest and patronage it is receiving form the residence, students and even the academia living in Lokoja and to some extent the government is threatening to throw the glory they have brought to Lokoja into the dark alley of historical obscurity.

    There is need for the government to develop initiatives and programmes that would help to make these legacies not just for sightseeing or a passers-by viewing object but a source of internally generating revenue for the state especially in this time where states in Nigeria are complaining of cash crunch.

    If these monuments are well maintained, it could provide jobs for hundreds of the city’s unemployed youths roaming the streets. It could improve the tourism potential of Lokoja, bring in more people thus, more investments and it will of course open up Lokoja to the outside world as truly a tourist haven.

     

     

     

  • PHOTO: Nigeria’s Amalgamation in 1914

    PHOTO: Nigeria’s Amalgamation in 1914

  • The Scots are voting, not revolting

    The Scots are voting, not revolting

    (New trends in nation formation)

    Almost five hundred years after the Treaty of Westphalia, the nation-state paradigm continues to fascinate as a major work in progress. No one is sure of how it will end, or which strange turn it will take in even the most developed centres of the globe. Like the novel genre which consecrated its arrival, its obituary has been announced several times only for it to arrive as a ghostly guest at its own funeral. So till date, the nation-state remains the dominant instrument for mapping territorial space.

    Like the famous owl of Minerva which often begins its journey after the events, the nation often begins its real journey after the pundits have exhausted themselves. Most times, it is better for people to vote than to revolt. Elections, when and where free and fair, remain the most potent weapon for arbitrating and modulating the destiny of the nation.

    Sometimes, a single election assumes the status of a national or regional referendum. As it has been noted, people fight and die for a cause only to discover that what they have fought for is not what they have achieved. Since human existence is luckily finite, it is then left for others to pick up the gauntlet. Elections often play a sick joke on humanity in the process of guiding their affairs.

    Last week as the good people of Ondo state in Nigeria marginally voted for a continuation of the status quo or a version of sub-regional self-determination, a more historic referendum loomed large in the near distance and became an almost inevitable reality rather than an elusive mirage. British Prime minister, David Cameron and Scotland’s pro-independence first minister, Alex Salmond, meeting in Edinburgh finally agreed to a referendum to determine the 400 year union between England and Scotland. It must take place by 2014. Is this end of the first truly modern nation-state, or the end of the beginning as Winston Churchill, the most famous Englishman of all time will put it?

    Within the context of what is known as la longue dure or the long arch of history, it is possible to view the Ondo election as a botched or bungled referendum which will return to haunt. It is also possible that what we are witnessing is the rise of sub-ethnic nationalism or the most dramatic instance of the segmentation of elite consciousness within the old region. If the issues raised are not immediately addressed, they will make regional integration a forlorn dream, a fatal dagger in the heart of the thematisation of national narrative in terms of regional aspiration.

    In its most depressing possibility, it may well be that by the time the Ondo conundrum is resolved, another political warlord would have struck from another direction in the old region, further politically dispersing the tribe. We may yet have military rule to thank for this Balkanisation of regional consciousness. With the benefit of hindsight, it may well be the military’s most enduring contribution to nation-building.

    But if on the other hand, a greater national emergency were to intervene in the nearest future, the old regional consciousness will reassert its superiority and supremacy in a new form irrespective of local opposition. It is hard to imagine a more impossible taskmaster than the nation-state paradigm and its tortuous and mind bending history.

    Be that as it may, the global import of the impending referendum in Britain whittles into utter insignificance a mere election in a remote state of a former British colony. You cannot give what you don’t have. The British model of nation-formation is put to severe test by developments in their own backyard. The sorcerer’s apprentice cannot be wiser than the sorcerer.

    As it was the case in their own nation, the manual is to forcibly weld the nation of different nationalities through the violent instrumentality of a master-nationality around which the new nation must congeal and coalesce by blood, sweat and tears. This model has come to grief in the old India, in Sudan, in Southern Africa and elsewhere after much strife and bloodshed. After being exported abroad, the virus has now returned to the original carrier. It is the turn of the English patient.

    But we must thank god for small mercies. The impending referendum explodes several myths of the nation which Nigerian authorities and Nigerians must do well to study and monitor closely. First, it is always better to allow the diverse people of a territorial space to determine the best and most creative form of cohabitation rather than hold them together and sometimes against their wish like inmates of a colonial garrison or a mental asylum.

    Second, no nation is ever divinely ordained or handed down from heaven. This is a stupid myth. Finally, the forcible union of disparate groups in a nation-space is not an irreversible or immutable arrangement like the Catholic marriage which is not subject to dissolution and/or annulment. Nations being human constructs are subject to human amendments when and if the form violates the contents. You cannot force a grown up man into the trousers of a toddler.

    Yet there are profound ironies and a play of signifiers across rigid binary divisions about the impending referendum which ought to be of interest to us in Nigeria. It is quite curious and intriguing that it has always been Conservative governments that are in the forefront of championing Devolution in Britain rather than the more radical and reform-oriented Labour Party. In 1993, John Major had declared that the nation would not decline were the majority of the people in Northern Island to vote to join the Republic of Ireland.

    The point is that with its roots in Fabian Socialism and its consciousness steeped and forged in an indivisible proletarian consciousness and pan-Britain confraternity of the socially aggrieved, Labour Party would always view separatist movements through the prism of suspicion and unease. Old statist Bolsheviks with their command economy and command politics are still very much alive. In any case, the separation of Scotland from England would rob Labour of substantial electoral fortunes. The socialist vision resonates more with the underdog..

    But it is also possible that after centuries of cohabitation, the Scots have come to love and appreciate the immense economic advantages and the political homogeneity that a bigger British identity confers over the shrivelled possibilities of separatist laagers. In the end, material wellbeing often trumps cultural and ethnic grandstanding.

    In a revealing survey, it was shown that if the referendum were to be conducted at this moment, the majority vote would go for the retention of the old union. When disparate entities are forced together over a long period, they tend to develop certain overarching commonalities. This should warm the heart of Nigeria’s old military nationalists and one-nation panjandrums.

    What should even intrigue concerned Nigerians the more is the fact that the prospective Scottish nation will have the Queen of England as its titular head just as it has been the case in Australia and Canada. It will remain in NATO and retain the pound sterling as an ancillary buffer to pressures from the Euro-zone. It is certainly going to be a strange new-type nation and one whose creative nuances should be of interest to those interested in a reinvention of the outmoded and superannuated model of colonial nationhood foisted on Nigerians..

    For the proud, thrifty and tough Scottish people, it may very well be the beginning of the end of a historical nightmare lasting several centuries. The conquest and suppression of the Scots was done with the savagery and brutality that befitted tribes slowly emerging from the Dark Age. There were epic cruelties on both sides. For several decades, the gore remained on the Scottish highlands for all to see.

    Deprived of their own empire, the doughty Scots turned inward, to their inner resilience, resources and to the inner empire. They emerged as great builders, statesmen, politicians, great writers, soldiers, scientists, philosophers and intellectuals without which the British Empire would have been impossible. To a large extent, they became model citizens.

    But the historic hurt and humiliation remain. Apart from their traditional single malt whiskey, nothing warms the Scottish heart more than when ventilating about the past heroes of the land, particularly Wallace the Braveheart, a man of spectacular bravery and heroism who was subjected to horrendous torture before being crudely dismembered. Yet a recent film about this iconic Scot was dismissed as ninety percent inaccuracies and ten percent lies.

    As a conquered race, the Scots could do with such cosmic self-inflation. There is enough evidence to suggest that the early Scots were cast as primitive and uncivilised people by the victorious English.. For example, the great English man of letters, Samuel Johnson, a.k.a the Dean, subjected his faithful Scottish companion, amanuensis and intellectual confidante to scathing racist taunts based on his country of origins. At some point, Johnson solemnly informed Boswell that wild oats which was the staple diet among the Scots was fed to animals in England.

    Yet it was not always a tale of woes. The Scots were allowed to pursue their own way of life and to pursue life in accordance with their culture, particularly in the areas of education, economy and religion. All that is solid often melts into thin air indeed. In a play of profound ironies, it is even rumoured that the famous Scottish kilt, the equivalent of a national attire, was actually the invention of an English nobleman. Snooper congratulates the good people of Britain on this impending referendum. We recommend the model to all nations in distress.