Tag: Menopause

  • ‘Menopause is not a disease’

    ‘Menopause is not a disease’

    Menopause can be telling on women, if this phase of life is not understood. OYEYEMI GBENGA-MUSTAPHA writes on how to prepare for it.

    Nowadays, more women seem to be reaching menopause quickly due to what some call a change in life style and diet. According to a traditional medicine practitioner, Dr Theophilus Lambo, it is high time women understood that there is a phase when a woman would attain menopause and she should be prepared for it, instead of being caught unawares.

    “It is to be noted that in the days of our mothers, women were able to experience menstruation and ovulation till late in life and with less health problems as prevalent today. They lived a healthy life and ate fresh fruits and vegetables,” Dr Lambo said.

    According to him, there were no microwaves or chemically preserved foods or many months of frozen foods in the days of our mothers. “It is advisable for modern women to cultivate habits of healthy living from what they eat, do away with drugs abuse alcohol and cigarette smoking,” he said.

    Lambo said: “We have often been asked about what caused Menopause and if it can be prevented or cured, but Menopause is not a disease or an ailment or infirmity. Every woman is born with a finite number of eggs, which are stored in the ovaries. The ovaries produce the hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which regulate menstruation and ovulation. Menopause occurs when the ovaries no longer release an egg every month and menstruation stops.

    “Natural menopause is the permanent ending of menstruation that is not brought about by any type of medical or surgical treatment. It is a stage at which a woman’s ovary ceases to produce Estrogen.”

    He continued: “It is often considered as normal when menopause occurs after the age of 40. To many, it is a normal part of aging process, even though most rural women with access to natural and fresh farm products enjoy menstruation and ovulation into their late 50s. Menopauses, which occur before the age of 40, regardless of the causes, is called ‘premature’ menopause. Causes may be as a result of surgery or damage to the ovaries.”

    Common symptoms of premature menopause, he said, are often similar to those experienced by women undergoing natural menopause. They may include irregular or missed menstrual periods; menstrual periods that are heavier or lighter than the usual ones and hot-flashes in temperature (a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over the upper body).

    These, according to Lambo, are signs that the ovaries are producing less estrogen. In addition to the above symptoms, he said some women may also experience vaginal dryness (the vaginal may also become thinner and less flexible); bladder irritability and worsening case of lack of bladder control (incontinences); emotional changes (irritability, mood swings, mild depression); dry skin, eyes or mouth; sleeplessness and low libido.

    Dr Lambo said: “If any woman under the age of 40 is experiencing any of the above symptoms provided such a woman has not undergone chemotherapy or cervical radiation, if the mother or sister of such a woman had experienced premature menopause, if the woman had unsuccessfully tried to become pregnant for more than a year and if she is suffering from autoimmune disorder such as hypothyroidism or lupus, it is important she sees her doctor for medical checkup.

    “There are at present, no accurate and reliable methods medically, to determine menopausal stages since the levels of estrogen vary from women to women. The only proven evidence is the loss of menstrual periods for a year or more, during when there will be loss of estrogen. Estrogen, hence, affects many parts of the body, including the blood vessels and the urinary system.”

    According to Lambo, loss of estrogen is believed to be the cause of many of the symptoms associated with menopause.

    “At menopause, the ovaries decrease their production of testosterone.  Testosterone is the hormone that drives sex. The loss of testosterone as a result of menopause can lead to changes in a woman’s sexual drive and functions,” he said.

    He continued: “Menopausal and postmenopausal women may complain that they are not easily aroused and may be less sensitive to touching and caressing; which can be as a result of decrease interest in sex. In addition, lower levels of estrogen can cause a decreased in blood supply to the vagina. This decrease blood flow can affect vagina lubrication, causing it to be too dry for comfortable intercourse.”

    According to another expert, Dr Segun Fahuwa (a.k.a Mister Guarantee), to get to natural menopausal stage, a woman needs to consume fresh vegetables and fresh fishes, which are rich in nutrients such as Boron, which increases testosterone and decreases calcium loss in bones; Fibre, which decreases the risk of cancer by decreasing estrogen levels in the blood and Folate that repairs the DNA while lowering breast cancer risks.

    Lack of Vanadium, experts say, can increase progesterone, but if it is in excess it can decrease progesterone; hence, it should be balanced. Vanadium is a trace element, which plays a vital role in blood sugar balance, cardiovascular functions, and bone and tooth formation

    Vitamins A and C help in hormones production, while Vitamin E helps in relieving hot flashes and protects the adrenals and ovaries from free radical damage.

    Zinc, which makes the sex hormones and the breast tissues to be healthy, also promotes ovaries and adrenal glands to function and maximise estrogen receptor.

    Dr Lambo said: “It will be advisable for anyone with problems of menopause, to see a doctor, who is in a better position to diagnose the problems and causes before attempting treatment. If a woman experiences seizure of menstrual cycles for three months without any sign of pregnancy, she should consult an accredited physician or a doctor as self-medication may result in incalculable health damages.

    “We should always endeavour to follow the advice of the founding father of conventional modern medicine, Hippocrates, which is, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine thy food.”

    According to Lambo, there are different stages of arriving at a natural menopause, which is the final stage. According to him, there are three stages of menopause, Premenopause, menopause and postmenopause.

     

    The stages

     

    Premenopause typically begins several years before menopause, when the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen. Premenopause lasts until menopause, when the ovaries stop releasing eggs. In the last one to two years of premenopause, the decrease in estrogen accelerates. At this stage, many women experience menopause symptoms.

    The second stage, Lambo said, is the point when a woman’s menstrual period ceases for a year “At this stage, the ovaries would have stopped releasing eggs and producing most of their estrogen. The Final stage, which is postmenopause, are years after menopause. At this stage, health risks to older women increases due to the decrease in the supply in production of estrogen. During these stages, women generally undergo different discomforts or symptoms.

    “It is to be noted that menopausal women, who have more than one specific risk factors for coronary heart diseases (like high cholesterol), may be at much greater risks for heart disease than people with no risk factors,” Dr Lambo said.

    Loss of Libido, according to Lambo, can be due to other health factors and not lower estrogen level. “There are numerous other factors that may influence a woman’s interest in sexual activity during menopause and after, and these include ‘bladder control problem’;  medications; health concerns; stress; depression; anxiety and sleep disturbances,” he said. They also happen, according to Lambo, in women with marital problems and those suffering from different kinds of abuses from their spouses.

    Dr Lambo said a simple understanding of how a woman’s body functions would better prepare her for the phases because, “the term ‘Estrogen’ is a female hormone that is produced in the ovaries.

    “The woman’s body has receptor sites for estrogen everywhere; in the brain, muscles, bones, bladder, gut, uterus, ovaries, vagina, breasts, eyes, heart, lungs and blood vessels, to name a few.

    “Estrogen has over 400 crucial functions in the body, which include regulation of the body temperature, prevention of loss of memory; helps prevent muscle damages and maintenance of muscles,” he said.

    Estrogen, he said, also “regulates body blood pressure, enhances the body energy, improves the mood and increases sexual interests.

    “It is when the body does not produce the estrogen again, nay, non release of eggs, and a vital sign of aging, when menstruation stops that menopause is arrived at. So it is a natural process in women. Natural Menopause is the permanent ending of menstruation that is not brought about by any type of medical or surgical treatment. It is a stage at which a woman’s ovary seizes to produce Estrogen,” he said.

  • I went into MENOPAUSE with the shock of my husband’s death in  plane crash

    I went into MENOPAUSE with the shock of my husband’s death in plane crash

    DR. STELLA CHIJIOKE did a jig when she retired from her top flight job at the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) last year. Celebrating 60, she danced like she had never done before. Many at the occasion could not help wondering why she was in such an ecstatic mood, but no one was in doubt as to the fact that she had been blessed with a privileged life. Born to a father who had a master’s degree in Education from the Edinburgh University at a time that one could count the cars on Nigerian roads on one’s finger tips, Stella studied Medicine at the University of Nigeria Nsukka. A year later, she stepped into the NNPC and rose through the ranks to the top.

    But the charming Abuja-based health/wellness consultant would never forget the pains of the Bellview plane crash that took her husband’s life, as well as others that made her to retire into caring for people and touching lives.

    “I used to be an active young girl,” she said, reliving her growing up days. “I was an athlete and I represented my schools. I come from a disciplined family, because my parents were primarily teachers. As you would know, the teachers of old were really strict. But if I were not brought up by the type of parents that I had, I am not sure that I would be where I am today.

    “I have seen contemporaries who had it easy when we were young. I actually used to envy them in those days. But today, I thank God because there is no basis for comparison. I was really lucky that God planted me in my parent’s family.”

    “My father retired as a Zonal Education Inspector in Imo State. My mom was originally a school mistress. She then went through more courses in the University of Nigeria, Usukka, using the proximity of the university and ending up as an Administrative Officer there.

    “When my father retired, we had to move from Nsukka to Imo State. It was the period when Chief Sam Mbakwe was the governor. So, my mother worked in the office of the governor until she also retired.”

    Stella Chijioke’s memory of childhood was that of mixed feeling. “Like I said, I used to envy some of my mates then, because they were free. They could go anywhere. Whenever they came to visit me at home, I was always busy doing one thing or another. I was not allowed the frivolity of moving around visiting people. My father would ask you what is happening there that you want to see. He would ask you next about your home work. As a teacher, he drilled the six of us and today we are the better for it.”

    So what did that teach the young Stella?

    “That taught me that you don’t take life for granted; that it is what you sow that you reap. That if you really prepare for life and you have good help, that is, someone or people who lead you in the right path, there is no way your life will not be good, even more that you imagine. With the help of God, any little effort you make yields good result. So, hard work pays. That is the summary of what my early years taught me.

    “And in life, you must have integrity. You may get away with some bad things, but someday, the real you will show up and people who didn’t figure out who you are will find out. But a clean transparent life is better any day.”

    With parents who were constantly on the move, Stella’s education started in Government School, Uyo, where her father was the principal of the Government Teachers Training College.

    “That is the school that was later turned into the University of Uyo. From there, we came on transfer to Nsukka,” she said.

    On a scholarship from the government of Eastern Nigeria, Stella left for Rivers State, to an elite missionary school in those days.

    “I later gained admission into the University of Nigeria, Nsukka to study Medicine and was also privileged to gain scholarship. I had my post graduate degree at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in Occupation and Environmental Medicine under the umbrella of the NNPC. After I graduated for my first degree in 1978, the youth service year followed. Then I got a job at NNPC. But the employment actually came one year later.

    I had spent that year working at the Port Harcourt Nursing Home. The irony of it all is that when the job came, we didn’t know it was a privileged job,” she said.

    Stella is proud to have moved around Nigeria. “I used to speak Ibibio,” she said proudly. “Of course, there is nothing a person from Nsukka would say that I would not understand. So, I was able to speak some more languages. I did one year housemanship at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Lagos too before my youth service year in Rivers State.”

    For Stella, Rivers State remains a place she would not forget in a hurry. That was where she met her husband; the man who turned out to be everything to her. And even after he died in the ill fated Bellview plane crash on October 22, 2005, Stella refused to let go of his memory.

    It is many years ago, but her voice still betrays emotion when she talks about it.

    She said: “Rivers State was where I met my husband and that was where I got my NNPC job. Even when my husband got a transfer to Lagos for two years, we were still living in Port Harcourt where I had all my children. And that was because I was working at the refinery, the Eleme Petro-chemical, the town clinic which was called the zonal headquarters.

    “I was rising along the line. Before long, I was made Manager, Medical Services and posted to Benin to head the zone before I was later appointed a General Manager (Occupation and Environmental Health Dept) and transferred to Abuja. That was the position I retired from.”

    “Though I lost my mum, the loss of my husband in the Bellview plane crash was a turning point for me! It was too much for me. I went into menopause by shock. It just stopped, till today, it has not flowed!”

    “My husband was a petroleum engineer. He was working with Elf Petroleum, which is now called Total Nigeria Limited. He was one of the general managers. He was actually coming from Port Harcourt. He was an avid golfer. He had gone there for an occasion held by the golf club. He was supposed to have come back with Sosoliso or Chanchangi, which had Abuja-Port Harcourt flights then. Bur because he was a golfer, he said Port Harcourt golf club was having an event, so he went.

    “After 4 pm, he called to say he was still coming to Abuja. I told him that he must have missed the two direct flights. He replied that there would be a flight in Lagos to Abuja. He assured me that he would catch a flight to Abuja that evening from Lagos; that there was a Bellview flight for 7.45 pm, which he could catch that night. And he did.”

    Recalling her late husband’s last moments, she said: “My husband had bought books for my daughter who came from Ghana where she was studying Medicine at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. They had just finished one of the crucial examinations in Medical School. After that, they were to go into the clinical year.

    “She had sent a list of the books she needed and Daddy had said he would buy them. I had asked her how she was going to get them, and she told me that her dad could send them to her in Ghana by courier. So I asked him about the books and he said he would bring them to Abuja. That was when I told him that he had missed the two flights and he told me that he would get a flight from Lagos.

    “When he got to Lagos, he called me to tell me. And when he boarded too, he called. When we spoke on the phone, he asked what I was doing and I told him I was cooking soup. He asked what soup and I told him okro. He asked me to make it green as usual. He told me to freeze it so that he could take it with him on Monday morning when he would be going back. That was our normal routine anyway.”

    “He also told me to send the driver to the airport. It was the driver who called from the airport and told us to on the television. I asked why and asked asked if the plane had landed. He insisted that I switch on the television.

    “I told my daughter what the driver had said, so she said we should on the television. When we did, we saw breaking news on the screen and then the voice came that the Bellview plane was missing. I was dazed. I got up, sat down, got up, sat down.

    “I again called the driver to tell me what was happening at the airport. He told me that they had been called to the tarmac. What followed was the longest 20 minutes of my life, as I waited for him to call me. He didn’t call me after that time. I had to call him again.

    “By the time I called him, he was crying. By this time, the scrolling bar on the television screen was already updating us regarding the news about the missing plane. Sooner, the information came that the Bellview plane got missing from the radar seven minutes after take-off and all efforts to locate it had proved abortive. For me, it was the beginning of the end.”

    “I stuck to myself. The kind of work that I was doing also encouraged me to become a recluse. After my husband died, I went into depression. I lost interest in life. I was asking myself why I was still here. Okay the children are here and I have a job to keep, I kept reminding myself.

    “I lost interest in people. I was not going to parties or any other social event. My routine became from my desk at work, to the house and then to the church. I was such a triangular person. I had no extra activity. I didn’t have anyone who came around to visit! I was not going out to see anyone too.

    “Half of the time when I was alone in the office, I had tears as my companion. I was locked up all to myself. I had only myself to share my pains with. I was not even going to the market. I did not really want to see anybody. I was only seeing the patients who I had to see officially. And that routine is not good for anybody. It was not good for me too.

    My level of activity dropped tremendously. When my husband was alive, we used to socialise a lot. We were good dancers. But all that stopped.”

    As if that was not enough bad news, Stella Chijioke became challenged healthwise. And it was not the kind commonly heard of. “What happened was that my spinal cord collapsed! I had to be evacuated in 2008 from this country to India. My spine had to be operated upon and re-done. Right now, there are so many things that I cannot do.”

    But what could have led to this unusual kind of health challenge?.

    “That is why I am preaching that people should rectify their lifestyles. What led to it is what I am today preaching against as a wellness consultant. We should not take our good health for granted. What happened was that the level of my normal activity went down. From being an active girl, an athlete representing institutions, I was suddenly sitting behind the desk to work for years?

    “Also, I went through four quick pregnancies. I delivered four children within three years and five months. My mum shouted when I had the fourth one. She told me, ‘you are a doctor, why are you doing this to yourself?’ I told her that was how the children came. She said, ‘I don’t expect you to say that. It is not how it should be done. You will pay for it.’ Eventually, I paid for it.”

    “After each pregnancy, the hormones did not go down before I took in again. I was building up hormones again for another pregnancy. So I was returning from each maternity leave, with a new pregnancy. I did that four times. One baby is like ten months older than the next one. And it was unbelievable, but it happened.

    In later years, I met people who knew us in Port Harcourt, who asked me if the children survived. I told them that they all survived. Many of them said they survived because I am a doctor. But my abdominal muscles got weaker and weaker.”

    “My abdominal muscles got weak and they are the things that support the spine. They had been stretched beyond the elastic limit. When my second daughter was going for her master’s programme in Birmingham in the UK, I think I dragged some of the heavy boxes. That was when my spinal cord snapped.

    “I didn’t even feel it that day. It was after I had come back. I stayed two days with her in London, went again with her to Birmingham and stayed another two days. Those days were days of dragging boxes up and down. That happened between September and October.

    “When I got back, by December, the pain came. That was when I did an MIR, which was when it was seen to have collapsed. I had to travel to the East for a wedding. Sitting through that long journey started the pain. I was evacuated to India where I had a major operation. Now I am not allowed to take a flight longer than two hours, and I must be lying down.”

    If Dr. Stella Chijioke thought that those two episodes were enough, the icing on the cake was just ahead.

    She said: “Six weeks after I came back from my spinal cord operation in India, I was kidnapped from my father’s house in Imo State. I was with my younger sister. We went for my mum’s memorial service. I had become all of a sudden a kidnap victim. The ransom was an outrageous amount.

    “My driver managed to call my colleagues at work to alert them on what had happened. It was a sad time for my organisation and they did not take it lightly. The management immediately went into a rescue plan with the Federal Government in an operation which involved the highest security network in the country as at then.”

    “After few days, we were traced to a location between the borders of Akwa Ibom and Abia State, in an uncompleted building. I later heard that the Federal Government gave only two options. And that was, ‘find her or find her!’

    By Saturday of that same week, the government task force had already penetrated the village where we were located. The kidnappers were guarding the house where we were kept. There were no windows. There was a roof but not completely done. It was at the fringe of a forest. The village itself was not developed. You can only go in there through a track. By the second day, they threw in bread and two bags of pure water to us. We hurriedly gobbled it because we were hungry. That was Thursday morning.”

    “By Monday, the government task force under disguise had zeroed down to where we were held captive, through information networking. By Tuesday morning, we were rescued after a shoot-out. After that, I had to leave the country for a while. It was a nasty experience that made me to fear for this country.

    “As to whether they got money from us, they couldn’t get any ransom. But they took some money which was with us when they kidnapped us from the house. That day, they were shooting everywhere.

    “Abroad, I had to go and see a psychotherapist. He took me to those that handled the prisoners of war for America. When two of them saw me, they asked, ‘Madam, how did you survive mentally?’ I answered that I did not know. They said, ‘your husband died suddenly, your children are not with you. All of them are in school. You just got through a major surgery, and then a kidnap trauma. Did you see a psychotherapist when each of these happened?’ I said no.

    “Then they said, ‘after all these, you are still mentally balanced. You are defying the textbooks!’ They said that this kind of thing does not happen to an individual all at once or one after the other; that one or two of them is enough to derail any human being. So they asked me why I did not see a psychotherapist and I told them that in Nigeria, we do not see a psychotherapist; we either have the everyday doctors or psychiatrists. So, if the everyday doctors can’t handle your case, you end up in the asylum. So they laughed and said that I even still had a sense of humour. Well, I told them that I didn’t mean it as humour, but that it is the truth.’

    So, when Stella retired, she had already made up her mind on what she would do. “Though initially I wondered what I would do at retirement, I knew that I did not want to set up a full clinic. I didn’t have the time for that. I knew it would entail a lot. Setting up a full clinic would mean being there 24 hours for the patients, and at 60, with my health challenges, I knew I shouldn’t do it. I know that there is no need biting more than I can chew.

    “Most of the clinics in Abuja are owned by people who are younger, in practice and in age, so I wouldn’t want to be competing with them. What prompted me into caring for people’s wellness was also because I had aged parents. I believed that charity should begin at home.”

    So, Stella Chijioke put together Ultimate Wellness Ltd, an outfit that creates awareness, guides and cares for members of the public, advising them on how to spend money when they are not ill.

    “We are not treating people when they are ill per se. We want to let you know the vital information that where you live, what you eat and what you do contribute a lot to the disease, sickness or illness that you have now or would have later in life. We are not your primary physician but we tell you that there are things you must do to change the pattern of things around you, that will make you healthy, and this is doable.

    “I take people through a wellness plan. Everybody can be managed better, notwithstanding the illness such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, obesity and so on. Somebody can still have a fulfilling life despite having all these sickness. For instance, acute diabetes can be reversed and the blood sugar brought down and lifestyle changed. This has been proven.”

    To prove it further, Dr. Chijioke sets a good example of a healthy lifestyle. “In time past, I did not use to take breakfast. I thought that was a good way of managing my weight. But now, I know that it is not the best way. I got to know at NNPC when I was putting this together. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. If there is any meal not to be missed, it is breakfast.

    “The actual meal to be missed for me is dinner. When you eat heavy meal and carry it to bed, that is when the body does all the storing, which you don’t need. I have late lunch at 4pm or 5pm. It you are between the age of 45 and 60, you have to reduce the quantity of your food intake. You eat smaller quantities of food. Don’t overload food in your tummy.

    “I drink lots of water. As women, we are all expected to have eight to ten glasses of water every day. For men, it is ten glasses of water every day. That is the minimum. In hot Africa, we are expected to drink even more because we are always expending. Water helps us to detoxify from the environmental, natural toxins and even those we get from food and drinks.

    “For drinks, I take fresh fruits which must not be stored in the refrigerator for long. For exercise, which is very important, I get it from dancing. These days, I do that in the church. People do not know why I dance that much in church, but the truth is, it is a form of exercise for me. It is a form of activity, which my body needs so much. Of course, I also dance in church to glorify God.

    “Now I am involved. I am beginning to go out, to socialise. I used to be a dancer. My husband and I attended parties together a lot. And any party we went, we were the life of the party. We used to do floor ‘dance’ shows at parties, with people surrounding us and clapping.

    “I have been to parties lately. Even at wedding these days, I have started dancing again. Right now, I cannot go to night parties because I don’t have a companion. But I have resumed my dancing.”

    As a woman who has gone through these life traumas, what is her advice to people who may be facing challenges? “My answer is that they must have faith in God who makes the difference. You have to have God as pillar to hold you at such times when all fails. Hold on to Him, because He is already holding unto you.”

  • ‘Menopause shouldn’t be dreaded

    ‘Menopause shouldn’t be dreaded

    For mrs Elizabeth Phillips, 60, symptoms of menopause started in her early 50s. This was unpleasant experience.

    She said: “The symptoms came with irregular menstrual periods; once in three months, and my flow was usually heavy.

    “Thereafter, the irregularity increased to once in four to five months; and this continued until my menstrual period ceased. Then, I was about 54.”

    She recalled that she had hot flashes, especially at night and it disturbed her sleep. She felt heat on her legs accompanied with pains, which made her very irritable.

    “The hot flashes would last for more than 20 minutes at any given time, and my doctor had to prescribe some medication to help reduce the flashes,” she said.

    Despite these, Mrs Philips said she was able to get on with her normal life at home and at work after reading books on menopause.

    “The knowledge helped me not to be alarmed and unduly agitated,’’ she said, adding that sharing her experiences with family members, friends and medical experts helped her to embrace the changes.

    “If I was not discussing with friends and medical experts, I would have been very superstitious about the surging heat at night,’’ she noted.

    Experts say menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life when she stops ovulating and menstruating and should not be dreaded.

    But most women perceive menopause as signifying loss of youth and desirability, and the beginning of the end. Some even see it as metamorphosis into older stage of life.

    Medical doctors said though menopause is natural, coping with it appears dreadful to most women.

    President, Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), Dr Fred Achem explained that a girl’s first menstruation, usually between 12 and 15, marks the beginning of her reproductive life.

    He added that a woman has more than 900,000 eggs stored in her two ovaries to be released between this period and when she attains 45 years when menopause may start.

    “Between 36 and 40 years, a woman’s ovaries begin to tire out, thereby making the release of eggs more difficult.

    “A good egg factory releases its eggs regularly as it is supposed to, thereby making the woman to have her cycle every 28 days plus or minus one or two days.

    “But a time will come after these periods when the eggs start getting weary and tired; so the ovaries begin to retain fluid and ovulation becomes difficult,’’ he says.

    According to Achem, changes will begin to manifest in the woman’s life as fewer eggs get released, leading to pre-menopausal period.

    “The regular body shape begins to sag and the hormones, which are supposed to be working correctly do not do so; and it gets to a point where there is no single egg left in the ovaries.

    “At this stage, the woman begins to feel more tired, becomes restless, loses appetite, and becomes very irritable,’’ he explains.

    Achem admits that other symptoms of menopause include diminished sex drive, difficulty in having sexual intercourse as the virginal becomes dry and scaly.

    He noted that some women may not have full complement of 900,000 eggs, saying: “By the time they are above 30 years, their eggs are finished and their menstruation will stop.”

    Achem also said a menopausal woman can be treated with hormone replacement therapy to restore her hormonal status to what it was when she was not menopausal.

    However, there is an unresolved debate as to whether the hormone replacement therapy should be administered for life or stopped at the age of 60 years.

    “What is usual in our practice is that we treat for three months, and let the woman rest for three months. But if she can rest for a longer period than the duration of her treatment, the better, he said.

    Mr Adedotun Ajiboye, a clinical psychologist at Ekiti State Teaching Hospital, says menopausal women could visit a clinic where proper guidance and attention will be given to them.

    “To handle the inner disturbing thought as it regards menopause among women, some therapy options such as anger management, stress management, individual psychotherapy and change management techniques or adjustment therapy can be administered,’’ he says.

    Ajiboye also recommends cognitive behaviour therapy or psycho-education as appropriate treatment for managing menopause.

    Achem adds that family members, particularly husbands, should be supportive in the management of menopause in their wives.

    He notes that support from husbands will go a long way to mitigating the effects of changes caused by menopause.

    “It is important that women who suffer from menopausal symptoms be treated and addressed tenderly.

    “If they escaped the pain and difficulty of child-birth, they should be able to enjoy the period of rest rather than continue to be burnt by the flames of menopause,’’ he adviced.

    By and large, experts and women who have gone through menopause say proper assessment of psychological and physiological changes will lead to effective management of menopause.

    They also hold that proper understanding of menopause and support from husbands and relations will go a long way to mitigate its effects.

    •Culled from: News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

  • Menopause cause? It may well be men, scientists say

    FOR decades, anthropologists and biologists have been puzzling over one of nature’s great mysteries: Why do women go into menopause?

    At first blush, menopause doesn’t make much evolutionary sense. According to one widely accepted theory, the point of evolution is successful reproduction. After that, nature doesn’t have much interest in keeping us alive, and so we die. Why, then, keep women kicking for decades after they can no longer make babies?

    Rama Singh, a professor in the department of biology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, thinks he’s figured it out. Menopause, the Canadian researcher argues, is men’s fault.

    Controversial new research suggests that ancestral males’ preference for younger women actually set the stage for the evolution of menopause.

    In a paper published today in PLOS Computational Biology, Singh and two colleagues detail elaborate evolutionary computer models demonstrating that “male mating preference for younger females” leads to the development of a long menopausal period.

    “I am saying what women have been saying all their lives,” Singh told NBCNews.com. “Men are to blame.”

    Singh’s argument relies on one key fact: “Sex is fun,” he says.

    In humans, sex isn’t just about making babies, it’s also about pleasure and bonding. Over time, he contends, men found that having that sex with younger women was more desirable than sex with older women, without regard to making babies.

    As men began to prize younger women as sex partners, gene variants that led to infertility with advancing age were not eliminated. Menopause became built in, even as women lived longer and longer.

    To demonstrate how this might work, Singh and his colleagues ran hundreds of simulations on fixed virtual populations exposed to various scenarios of mate preferences and genetic mutations. Models assumed that both genders started with fertility almost to the time of death, and that gene variants conferring longer lives accumulated in both sexes.

    But as ancestral males began to prefer younger females, “female-specific mutations with a late age of onset … accumulated in the population” of women in most of their models, the scientists found. But, because males remained fertile into old age, mortality of both sexes kept being pushed back.

    Singh said he understands this is a controversial finding.

    “I do expect resistance from anthropologists” to this idea, he said, “and I sympathize with them because all their models are based on the idea that menopause is a deleterious trait and must be compensated for” with some evolutionary payoff. Singh believes there’s none.

    Singh may or may not be correct about that, but he’s certainly correct that others will view his ideas with skepticism.

    “I’ve never been overly fond of computer modeling the evolution of a trait, especially when the model’s assumptions are highly questionable,” said Barry X. Kuhle, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Scranton. Kuhle said he does not think Singh’s idea will gain much traction.

    First, science hasn’t decided yet whether human menopause is as unique as some, like Singh, suggest. The issue of menopause in monkeys, for example, is unresolved.

    Second, there’s a chicken-and-egg problem. There’s strong evidence that men sense, and are attracted to, signs of fertility. Any male preference for younger women may be the result of menopause, not the cause of menopause.

    Third, some experts prefer one or another version of what’s called the “grandmother hypothesis,” the idea that an infertile female can help assure the survival of babies born to young relatives.