Tag: MTN

  • ‘MTN’s Nigeria’s most influential brand’

    • Milo, Close-Up, Coca Cola, others on the list

    For the first time in five years, a research firm, Ipsos Marketing, has listed MTN, Milo, Close-Up, Coca Cola, Peak Milk, Indomie, Etisalat, Bournvita, Omo and Maltina as Nigeria’s 10 most influential brands.

    According to Ipsos, the brands were selected in a survey involving 1,000 Nigerians who assessed 100 brands based on various parameters, such as influence, trustworthiness, leading edge and corporate citizenship.

    However, during the survey, which was administered on consumers in Lagos, Kano, Rivers, Enugu, Bauchi and Abuja, MTN ranked number one, followed by Milo, Close-Up, Coca-Cola and Peak Milk.

    Indomie was sixth; Etisalat (7th); Bournvita (8th); Omo (8); and Maltina (10th).

    “Beyond our own measures, metrics, and surveys, there are a number of other factors very much related to brand influence. Influential brands invest, and this investment pays dividends. A number of the Most Influential Brands have healthy media spend levels. In other markets, Influential brands also show positive trends in share price. When comparing the growth of the DOW/ NASDAQ over the past several years with the stock of our Top Ten Most Influential Brands, it is clear that influential brands have more value and that this is consistently the case,” the survey stated.

    However, each of the brands is the only selected product in its category except MTN and Etisalat which operate in the same category.

    “For the first time in the five years of this global study, we traversed the country to ask 1000 Nigerians to assess 100 brands. We spoke to Nigerians in Lagos, Kano, Rivers, Enugu, Bauchi and Abuja, males and females, aged 18 to 65 years. The selection criteria for a brand to make the list of 100 were based on media spends and also factors such as market share and penetration across Nigeria. What follows next is our Top 10 countdown overall influence index score and the top three influence drivers associated with each brand. We also include some of our own thoughts about why these brands performed so well in this year’s study,” the report stated.

    Underscoring the heritage of the brands, Ipsos said all but two of the brands in the Top 10 were established before the 21st century, adding that these brands have been around for so long and have made themselves ‘part of the family” that Nigerians forget that they are actually foreign brands.

    It also stated that the top 10 brands are big advertising spenders hence bringing positive results to their table in the ranking. “Nigeria’s top Influential brands are all heavy spenders in the advertising and sponsorship space. They are spending millions of Naira every year to continue to be visible to consumers. Continuous innovation and Visibility – Influential brands are still around and successful because they have not rested on their past triumphs but continue to look for ways to remain visible, and above all relevant,” it stated.

  • 14 FINALISTS BATTLE FOR MTN PROJECT FAME 9

    FOURTEEN finalists have made it into the Academy for this year’s edition of West Africa’s biggest musical talent show, MTN Project Fame.

    The finalists include Oladapo Arogundade, Eli Letsa, Elizabeth Emoruwa, Favour Koroma, Gabriel Ankrah, Kitay Okotete and Mirabel Ayavoro. Others are Okiemute Ighorodje, Oluchi Obasi, Pere Atie, Solomon Williams, Steve Adebayo, Winner Egbo and Yusuph Kuforiji.

    The budding acts will now begin their quest for fame with guidance from the show’s illustrious musical heavyweights comprising; Voice Coach, Mrs. Ige, Music Director, Ben Ogbeiwi and Principal, Joke Silvia for the next eight weeks. The winner of season 9 will cart home 5 million naira, a brand new SUV and a multi-million naira recording deal, the first runner-up will get 3 million naira and a saloon car, the second runner-up will get 2 million naira and a brand new car while third runner-up will get 2 million naira.

    “Since it debuted 8 years ago, MTN Project Fame has grown to become a viable platform and launching pad for budding musical talents that abound in the West African region,” said General Manager, Consumer Marketing, MTN Nigeria, Richard Iweanoge.

    “The contribution of the show to the Nigerian music industry has been immense, making it the foremost music reality show in West Africa. This year’s edition promises to be another milestone especially with the array of talents that have been selected to compete.”

    Guests that attended the event included Noble Igwe, Olori Supergal, Sarah Ofili, Nollywood veterans Olu Jacobs and wife, Joke Silva, MTN Project Fame alumni, Ayoola, winner of Season 5, Monica, Tolu from Project Fame Season 3  and Jeff Akoh amongst many others.

  • MTN announces management changes

    MTN announces management changes

    MTN has announced the appointment of Stephen van Coller as Vice President of Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions, effective October 1.

    Stephen will be the fourth Vice President of the Group.

    Brett Goschen, the Group CFO, will be leaving MTN effective September 30, to pursue other interests. Consequently, he will be resigning from the MTN Group board of directors as an executive director on the same day. “We thank Brett for his considerable contribution to the Group over a period of 14 years and wish him well in his new endeavours,” the telco said in a statement yesterday.

    Gunter Engling will assume the position of Acting Group CFO on Brett’s departure, until a permanent CFO is appointed. Gunter is a chartered accountant who is currently CEO of MTN Rwanda. He has held many positions in MTN, more relevantly Group Executive Finance reporting to the Group CFO. He was responsible for the management and coordination of all statutory accounting and reporting to all stakeholders, including the Group Audit committee and the Board. Gunter has also held the positions of General Manager Finance of MTN Nigeria and CFO of MTN Ghana.

    Gunter has extensive knowledge and understanding of MTN Group’s financial matters, workings and stewardship and will have the benefit of a close working relationship with Brett until his departure at the end of September 2016.

  • N780b NCC fine: MTN pays N30b

    N780b NCC fine: MTN pays N30b

    MTN yesterday said it has paid N30 billion into the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC’s) Treasury Single Account (TSA) with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as part payment of the fine imposed on it by the NCC.

    Last year, a total fine of N1.04trillion was slammed on the telco over subscriber identity module (SIM) card registration infraction concerning some 5.2million improperly registered lines on its network.

    The fine was first reduced to N780billion by the Federal Government but was later reduced to N330 billion. The telco first paid N50billion in ‘good faith’ after withdrawing the court case it instituted gainst the regulator.

    The final resolution of the impasse was that the balance of N280 billion would be paid by the telco in six tranches between this year and May 31, 2019.

    Its CEO, Ferdi Moolman, said: “I am pleased to announce that the first payment of N30 billion in the terms of settlement has already been disbursed to the NCC in addition to the earlier payment of N50 billion which we paid in good faith and without prejudice on February 24, this means we have now paid a total of N80 billion.”

    Meanwhile, after the payment of N18.96billion licence fee for the 2.6 gigahertz (GHz) spectrum to the NCC, MTN said it has obtained the letter of award of the spectrum from the regulator.

    The licence for the spectrum which guarantees superior performance for wireless networks, especially 4G long term evolution (LTE) services, has a 10-year life span.

    MTN was the only telco that participated in the bid that took place last month as other telcos shunned the auction. NCC had earlier confirmed that MTN’s bid was in full compliance with the relevant provisions of the Information Memorandum (IM) for the exercise.

    Although Nigeria is one of 28 African countries that currently offer 4G/LTE services, the rate of penetration is restricted to a few major cities. As such, MTN’s success in this auction is a big boost to its plan to deliver global mobile broadband and LTE 4G services to over 60 million customers in the country.

    MTN also plans to use Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) networks in addition to its existing Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) over time division duplex (TDD) networks, as this provides for greater consistency with existing 2G and 3G deployments.

    “After complying with all the requirements for the 2.6GHz auction and making the licence payment of N18.96 billion to the NCC, MTN has been issued a letter of awar,” Moolman said.

  • Senate and MTN fine

    SIR: I want to thank the Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria for taking up the gauntlet on behalf of the Nigerian people to challenge the unilateral decision of the federal government to slash that fine imposed on MTN by the NCC.

    The infraction by the MTN resulted in the deaths of a lot of Nigerians.  Not slashing the fine will not bring back these lives. But we must not promote impunity and executive rascality by making decisions which affect Nigerians, in what looks like dictatorship.

    Let the cut in the fine be cancelled. Let the President constitute a committee involving the executive, the judiciary, and the legislative arms of government together with CSOs, to resolve the matter.

     

    • Bob MajiriOgheneEtemiku

    Benin City.

  • MTN N1.04 tr fine: Ministers shun Reps meeting

    MTN N1.04 tr fine: Ministers shun Reps meeting

    The efforts of the Hon. Saheed Fijabi- headed House Committee on Communications to unravel the reasons for the huge reduction of the N1.04 trillion fine imposed on MTN by the Nigerian Commuincations Commission (NCC) to N330 billion has failed.

    Reason? The two ministers key to the investigation, the Minister of Communications Technology, Adebayo Shittu and the Minister of Justice and Attorney- General of the Federation,Abubakar Malami (SAN) were absent at the fact- finding session yesterday, effectively truncating the mission.

    Only the Executive Vice Chairman of NCC, Prof. Garba Dambatta and his Director of Public Affairs, Tony Ojobo were present at the session. This is the fifth meeting on the fine issue, without any resolution.

    Fijabi told the meeting that Malami sent a letter that he would be representing the President at an event in Lagos and would therefore be absent from the meeting.

    Shittu did not appear at the session as at the time the closed- door session began, even though he was being expected.

    Fijabi expressed disappointment over the issue wondering why the huge reduction on the fine was effected.

    He said the condition attached to the reduction that MTN trades on the Nigerian Stock Market “ is a business benefit to MTN”.

    He said:  “I don’t think NCC alone can face the questions. This is going to be the last meeting as the parties are not here.”

    The lawmaker said the committee would go ahead with the writing of its report and submit to the House.

    The meeting then dissolved into a closed-door meeting.

    An MTN source told The Nation that they were not invited for the meeting, “only government people were invited,” she said.

    Recall that the Reps committee had rejected MTN’s offer to pay N330billion instead of the N1.04 trillion it was fined by the NCC.

  • MTN appoints Group CEO

    MTN appoints Group CEO

    The Board of MTN Group yesterday approved the appointment of Rob Shuter as the new Group President and CEO. It said the appointment is ‘following the successful resolution of the Nigerian dispute.’ The telco added that it has completed the review of its governance and management structures in accordance with its undertaking to do so.

    Rob may commence as soon as it is practically possible next year but not later than July 1 after the completion of his current contractual obligations, MTN Group said in a statement. Rob, a South African national, is the current CEO of the European Cluster at Vodafone Group and has extensive experience in telecoms and banking having held senior management roles at Vodacom Group, Standard Bank and Nedbank prior to joining Vodafone Group.

    Phuthuma Nhleko who assumed the position of Executive Chairman of the telco November 9 last year to resolve the very difficult challenges that the company experienced at the time will revert to his role as non-executive chairman as soon as Rob assumes his new position.

    Until then, to facilitate a smooth transition, MTN Group CFO, Brett Goschen, and the new VP M&A and Strategy, will assume clearly defined additional responsibilities under the guidance of the Executive Chairman.

    Phuthuma remains fully committed to the MTN Group and will continue to provide the necessary leadership as non-executive chairman for the next two and a half years when he plans to step down as Chairman, MTN added.

    “MTN is confident that Rob will bring experience and new insights to the CEO role having had many years in the telecoms sector both in Africa and Europe as well as in banking where his expertise will help as MTN continues to develop its new business strategy,” the board said.

    With a view to increasing the telco’s focus on new revenue streams, MTN also announced the appointment of a new VP M&A and Strategy effective October 1.

    The appointee has a wealth of banking experience. His substantial commercial experience will   assist in the formulation of a revised strategy for MTN, particularly in the area of convergence between mobile telephony and financial services. His name will be announced before June 30.

    To enhance further the governance and depth of experience of the business operations, Godfrey Motsa has been appointed by the countries in the SEA Region (excluding South Africa) to oversee the operations in those regions with effect from July 1.

    Godfrey joins from Vodacom where he was Chief Officer for Consumer Business. Godfrey was previously CEO of Vodacom DRC Congo and CEO of Vodacom Lesotho. He brings 10 years of experience of telecoms in the region to MTN. He has various other commercial experience.

  • Why MTN’s N1.04tr fine was cut to N330b, by minister

    Why MTN’s N1.04tr fine was cut to N330b, by minister

    The Presidency and the Senate are heading for a showdown over the reduction of the N1.04 trillion fine imposed on MTN Nigeria first to N780 billion and thereafter to N330 billion.

    MTN was fined for failing to meet the deadline fixed by the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) to disconnect unregistered subscribers .

    The firm was fined $1,000 per each of its affected 5.2 million subscribers, totalling $5.2 billion

    Minister of Communication Adebayo Shittu explained at the weekend, that the reduction was approved by the Federal Executive Council (FEC) to avoid stifling foreign investments.

    But the Senate has queried the action, alleging that the process was not transparent.

    It summoned the Minister of Communication, the Attorney General of the Federation, the Governor of the Central Bank  of Nigeria (CBN) and the chief executive of the NCC.

    Speaking at the Achiever’s Award ceremony in Ibadan, the Oyo State capital, at the weekend, where the Otun Olubadan of Ibadan, Senator Lekan Balogun, was honoured, Shittu said FEC decided to relax the penalty after realising the negative impact the burden could have on the nation, its people and the economy.

    He said:  “As far as we are concerned, the MTN issue is a closed matter. The Federal Executive Council has remitted substantial part of the penalty to them. Nigeria as a country must move on. We must not do anything to drive away foreign investors. Foreign investments are potent means of bringing about development and wealth creation.

    “Again, we must not forget that before MTN and other telecoms operators came on board, Nigeria had only less than 500,000 telephone lines. Today, because of their involvement, Nigeria now has more than 152 million lines and MTN is the dominant operator in the field. It controls almost 50 per cent of the lines. Though they (MTN) have violated the law and we have put in the necessary penalty, we must put a halt to the limitless crisis so that we don’t discourage foreign investors. That is what the executive has done to ensure we move ahead.

    “We know, for instance, that MTN operates in 22 countries. And that what they make in Nigeria alone is more than what they make in other 21 countries put together,” he said.

    Shittu also advised telecoms operators against taking Nigeria and their customers for granted, warning that all infractions would be appropriately sanctioned.

    “The operators owe a duty to Nigerians to continue to improve on their services. Nigerians have been paying through thick and thin to enjoy and patronise them. To whom much is given, much is expected.”

    The Senate said the transactions were fraught with “suspected criminal tendencies as they were perfected secretly, particularly without recourse to due process”.

    Senate Committee on Communications Chairman Gilbert Nnaji, in a letter titled “Re: Settlement between NCC and MTN over fine”, expressed dismay over how the “settlement agreement of N330 billion was reached with MTN out of a whooping N1.04 trillion”.

    The letter was dated June 15, 2016 and addressed separately to stakeholders, including Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation, Minister of Communications, Executive Vice Chairman/CEO of NCC, Accountant-General of the Federation, Minister of Communications, Managing Director/CEO of MTN and the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria.

    He noted: “As a committee and representatives of the Nigerian people, we are saddened about this development at a time when the Nigerian economy needs all the available capital infusion to bolster it.

    “It is our strong opinion that Nigeria has been shortchanged in this whole process on account of the ridiculous settlement payment plan, coupled with the disparity in the exchange rate regime when the fine was imposed ab initio compared with the current prevailing exchange rate when it was agreed to cut the fine to N330 billion.”

    Specifically, Senator Nnaji lamented that “NCC could engage in such a negotiation that is tainted with a lot of questionable conclusions without the knowledge of the Committee”.

    He added that “the Committee is worried about this development because it is on record that during our last investigative meeting with all the relevant parties to this matter on Thursday, March 10, 2016, the Committee was informed that the case was still in court and that it was adjourned till March 18.

    “The Committee was not aware of the outcome of the court case, neither was it privy to any active negotiation that led to the fine being reduced to N330 billion.

    “It is our concern that Nigeria has been shortchanged in this whole process on account of the ridiculous settlement payment plan, coupled with the fact that parties involved in the negotiation were either oblivious of the exchange rate value of the Naira to the Dollar when the sanction was meted originally compared to current exchange rate regime when the value of the Naira is now on the downward slide.”

    “Consequently, you are hereby invited to appear before the Committee to shed more light on the issues surrounding the settlement.

    “You are requested to furnish the Committee with the following information to guide it in its deliberation: Document(s) detailing Presidential Directive to “accede that MTN should pay N330 billion to the Nigerian Government” as contained in paragraph1of your letter.”

    “Document (s) specifying evidence of negotiation such as the terms of negotiation.

    “Parties to the negotiation; modalities for arriving at N330 billion; minutes of negotiation meeting and other relevant information.

    “Relevant section(s) of the NCC Act 2003 that empowers NCC to impose fines accompanied with sections empowering the commission to reduce fines.

    “Detailed reason(s) for the reduction of the fine from N1.04 trillion to N780 billion to N330 billion;

    “Detailed information on the major role(s) being played by Accountant-General of the Federation in the entire negotiation and settlement process.

    “A copy of the settlement agreement and evidence of participation of the Ministry(of Communications) and its major inputs at the negotiation meeting.

    “Evidence of out-of-court settlement between MTN and the Federal Government.

    “Then for “the Governor of CBN as the custodian of the CBN Recovery Account into which the initial N50 billion was lodged and as a principal player in the whole process” he is expected to present to the committee, the “Current position of the Recovery Account”, the memo said.

  • Go forth and give

    Go forth and give

    Three men have shown us the different shades of love. One shows it genuinely, the other as a show man and the third in dubious colour.

    I am referring to Aliko Dangote, Africa’s richest man; Mohammed Ndinmi, Africa’s 39th richest person; and Ali Modu Sheriff, the most prominent African politician whose image conjures the blood and ogre of Boko Haram.

    Borno State, where the ravages of Boko Haram left a human trail of tears, beckoned for charity. The internally displaced persons lost not just home, they lost family. Especially, they lost the soul of their lives. Their past is a story told. The past of halcyon moonlights and storytelling, of home jokes and cosy whispers, of family landmarks and quiescent worship, of pictures, of farms and heath, of intimate hugs and family moments and mementoes. They are histories without artifacts. The same family members became corpses without names.

    It is time to gather their limbs together after the so-called goons of God roared into their towns and villages with blood in their eyes.

    Dangote hit headlines with a donation of N2 billion to the IDPs in Borno State, and he did not do it in the abstract. He visited Maiduguri, especially the Dalori and Bakassi camps. His flesh and blood was present among the bloodied and bowed. “It’s not the first time I am coming here,” he said as though it was news.

    His words were confirmed by his amiable host and Borno Governor Kashim Shettima, who acknowledged that he had been coming around and had earlier donated N400 million to the same IDPs. Dangote has not restricted himself to Borno State, It is on record that he had given N1.2 billion to IDPs in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states.

    The Dangote generosity is also significant in the light of the labour minister, Chris Ngige’s recent “order” that banks should discontinue their firing canon. Dangote is exemplifying the modern view of corporation as civil partners. They are not in society only to make profit but also to profit society.

    They are enterprises and conceived for self-enrichment. But that is the province of pristine capitalism. With increasing call around the world social engagement, big companies are being held to account. I may not go as far as compelling individual companies not to fire their workers. I, however, believe that the conversation ought to begin as to the moral imperatives that must factor into such decisions. A bank with billions in its vaults should have a better reason to consign workers into the streets. That is one of the reasons that Bernie Sanders has stirred great passion in the United States election year. Inequality in today’s world is returning to the Industrial Revolution levels, as aptly documented by the French economist Thomas Picketty in his epochal work, Capital in the Twenty First Century.

    Dangote’s activities with his foundation reflect this sensitivity. But the Nigerian rich, ever sick of self love, thinks little of the little guy. One of such is Mohammed Indinmi. He is a well-known billionaire and gained notoriety over his donation to a U.S. university while boy victims of Boko Haram are squeaking from malnutrition in a Borno State IDP camp.

    He debunked a rumour that he contributed $14 million to a U.S. university but a mere $900, 000. He  probably expected us to embrace him and slobber him with kisses because he contributed an equivalent of about N300 million to a university in a country where its income per capita is probably more than half of the Borno State IDPs put together.

    We have not seen from him an equivalent  show of love to his own people suffering in the aftermath of the pious hoodlums. The school is Lynn University and it set up a Mohammed Ndinmi International Business Center with state-of-the-art features like a venture lab, internship centre, 11 classrooms, etc.

    Some see him as a show man, more willing to please his rich school than his abject neighborhood. He has inferiority complex, and seeks the gratitude of the American rather than the joy of his own habitués. That suits his ego. He acted in tandem with the words of writer Carlos Ruiz Zafon: “Presents are made for the pleasure of those who give them, not the merits of who receives them.” It’s the same Ndinmi, who sent his six children to the same school and his son buzzed ignominiously on the social media when he flashed his account balance of $100 million. He is not a Nigerian leader, even if he is IBB’s in-law. He is not an American leader either. He is a giver who is a counter to the Biblical line, “charity never fails.” His charity failed in Borno, so did his money.

    The other player is Ali Modu Sheriff. The former Borno State governor, in all his moral weightlessness, is embroiled in leadership slugfest in a befuddled PDP. But the man has been the flipside of a Borno statesman. He is an example of a giver as cynic. The man cancelled bursary awards to his state students when he was governor. He boasted that media reports could not hurt him since his indigenes could not read. The same was associated with Boko Haram and has done little to swim out of that poisoned stream. The same man said he donated N150 million to Boko Haram. Many in the state said it was cynical. Even at that, the state said they never received the money. The Borno State Resettlement Committee said they did not get the man’s money but two truckloads of rice. Sheriff has not denied the denial. The genuine N150 million donation to IDPs came from faraway: Lagos State Governor Akinwunmi Ambode. Sheriff could learn a thing or two about actualising pledges.

    The indigenes are probably echoing the lines of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson: “Let me go: take back thy gift.” It is like the Greeks whose horse the Trojans looked in the face. The Sheriff donation was a nothing about much ado. Shakespeare in his play, Much Ado About Nothing, had a character say, “My charity is outrage.” It was a whited sepulcher.

    The IDPs are a charity case. So are Sheriff and Ndinmi. A man’s life consists not in the abundance of things he possess, said Jesus. But in the abundance of love shown. They should borrow a page from Dangote. Shakespeare’s words for the rich: “no legacy is so rich as honesty.”

     

    MTN at rest

    At last after the rough-and-tumble crisis, a settlement has been reached. The network mogul MTN will pay N330 billion to the Federal Government. It is relief to the company, a costly one at that. It was important that MTN followed the law in this matter. But the law is not designed to kill. A company cannot learn a lesson in the grave. So, MTN was punished enough to feel the pain but also enough to rouse itself to a more circumspect way of doing business.

    MTN has huge investment in Nigeria and many employees. All that also came into the picture in the settlement. The company can now go back to business without the weight of a fine, or after the weight of the fine.

     

  • N1.04trn fine: Reps reject MTN’s N330bn offer

    N1.04trn fine: Reps reject MTN’s N330bn offer

    The House of Representatives Friday rejected the offer of the service provider MTN to pay N330bn instead of the N1.04 trillion it was fined by the Federal Government.

    In a briefing on the issue Friday, the chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Communications, Hon. Saheed Fijabi said he wondered why the sudden shift in the position of the NCC offer the issue of MTN fine.

    A March 1, 2016 memo from the Nigerian Communications Commissions, and in possession of our correspondent reads: ” The proposal to pay the sum of N300 billion as against the N1.04 trillion (and subsequently reduced to N700 billion by the Federal Government of Nigeria “FGN”) is not supported by any verifiable justification.

    “When considered vis–a – vis the quantum of fine, the present sum is a far cry and there is no verifiable basis for arriving at the new figure.”

    The lawmaker said the offer of $1.7billion (or N330 billion) by MTN, instead of the total fine of $3.9 billion (N1.04 trillion fine by NCC for violation of SIM card registration laws was unacceptable.

    According to him the Minister of Communications, Mr. Adebayo Shittu, has been summoned by the committee to explain the new development on Monday.

    The committee chair noted that it was wrong to accept a reduction while the House was investigating the ongoing negotiations between the Federal Government and MTN on the fine.

    He said:  “It came to us as a surprise to hear that MTN is paying N300bn. How can they be paying that amount when the minister told us that everything was stalled pending the outcome of our investigation?

    “As a House, we have opposed the reduction of the fine because there is no provision in the NCC’s Act that the fine can be reduced. In fact, section 21 of the Act stipulates that even the CEO of a defaulting firm can be made to pay additional fine of over N200, 000 on each of the lines.”

    The lawmaker said ordinarily, MTN’s total fine “should be doubled to about N3 trillion and not even the N1.4 trillion they were asked to pay.”