Tag: NHRC

  • Commission seeks support for Child Rights Law adoption

    Commission seeks support for Child Rights Law adoption

    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), Kaduna State Office, has urged communities in Kaduna State to support stakeholders push for the adoption of the Child Rights Law (CRL) in the state.

    Malam Abdulgani Bala, the commission’s Public Affairs Officer in the state, made the call in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Zaria on Monday.

    NAN reports that the commission recently organised a stakeholders’ validation meeting in Zaria on the re-drafted Kaduna State Child Rights Law.

    He said that domesticating the law in the state was long overdue.

    According to him, the law, if passed, will go a long way in curbing the soaring rate of child abuse in the state.

    “Previous attempts failed because of public misconception about the purpose and significance of the law, which necessitated extensive awareness campaign by relevant stakeholders to enlighten the public.

    “But not much would be achieved without community support and involvement, which remains very crucial to the eventual passage of the law.

    “We are therefore, soliciting the support of all communities and relevant institutions in the state, so that together, we can achieve the goal of creating an enabling environment for the development of our children.’’

    Bala said that the law would equally help institutions, organisations and all stakeholders engaged in child protection in seeking redress on issues of child rights violations in the state.

    He noted that currently, institutions involved in protection and promotion of human rights were faced with serious challenges, due to the absence of legal instrument with which to effectively address child welfare issues.

    “In most cases, where a state does not provide a law for the protection of the child, we rely on federal laws, constitution and other national and international instruments that have to do with human rights.

    “But they slow down our efforts because there are no clear provisions in such instruments that specifically address child issues.

    “But with the law in place, everyone will know his or her limitations — the parents, the child, care givers and all relevant authorities handling children issues.

    “It will equally not only help in seeking redress, it will also help in educating the public on the limitations of their action; what they can do to a child and what they are not supposed to do to a child.’’

    He added that the passage of the law would further ensure holistic development of a child by providing the required atmosphere for physical, emotional and intellectual development of children among others.

     

  • Rep petitions NHRC over soldiers’ invasion of Benue community

     

    For about an hour yesterday, a member of the House of Representatives representing Makurdi/Guma Federal Constituency of Benue State, Dickson Tarkighir, narrated how some soldiers allegedly invaded a community in his constituency at night and destroyed it.

    Tarkighir was at the Abuja headquarters of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) with some leaders from the affected community – the North Bank 2 – in Makurdi Local Government Area, to present a petition to the commission and seek its intervention.

    The lawmaker wrote and read a petition to those present before presenting it to the NHRC’s Executive Secretary, Prof Bem Angwe.

    He said the night raid was the fallout of a disagreement between some indigenes and a soldier, identified as Private Innocent Okoro.

    Tarkighir said: “On the night of August 14, some soldiers from the NASME Barracks in North Bank 2 of Makurdi Local Government Area embarked on what they called a reprisal attack on the community. This so-called reprisal attack was triggered by an altercation earlier in the day between a soldier, PTE Innocent Okoro, and three other young men over a lady.

    “The reprisal attack carried with it the hallmark of a lawless society as soldiers showed their disregard for civil authority in the pursuit of ‘justice’ and descended on a community in the night, beating up the residents and commuters as they also set ablaze over 200 cars, shattering the glasses to over 100 houses and about 150 other cars they did not have the time to set ablaze.

    “This sordid act lasted up till the early hours August 15. Left in its aftermath were charred remains of burnt cars, hundreds of injured residents in hospitals, shattered windscreens of cars, punctured tyres of vehicles, broken windows and doors to residential apartments and a community in tears,     wondering what wrong they had done.”

    The lawmaker said his decision to petition the NHRC was informed by the alleged impunity by the soldiers, which he said showed “very clearly, a demonstration of utter disdain by a few misguided soldiers towards the capacity of our democratic institutions to tackle challenges for which essence they exist”.

    He added: “This is a worrying tendency that needs to be nipped in the bud before it overwhelms democracy.”

    Tarkighir urged the commission to “cause a full investigation into the remote and immediate causes to the violation of human rights, as it were, by the soldiers and to ensure the prosecution of all culprits as well as compensation for the victims of the dastardly act”.

    Angwe hailed the petitioners for expressing their grievances rather than taking the law into their hands.

    He said: “I wish to state, on behalf of NHRC, that we will investigate this petition. There is no policy on the part of the Federal Government of Nigeria to condone the violation of the rights of any Nigerian by any agency of the government. There is no policy put in place by the hierarchy of the Nigerian military for the violation of the rights of any Nigerian.

    “With the commitment expressed today by the military to subject itself to the nation’s Constitution and to all civil authorities, the NHRC will request the full cooperation of the hierarchy of the military to ensure that the perpetrators off this alleged violations are not only identified but are also punished.”

    Angwe said his commission would ensure appropriate compensation, after ascertaining the veracity of the allegation and the extent of damage.

     

  • NHRC may prosecute Madonna Varsity’s  VC, others for ‘torturing’ students

    NHRC may prosecute Madonna Varsity’s VC, others for ‘torturing’ students

    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has said it will prosecute the Vice Chancellor of Madonna University and two other senior officials in relation to a case where some students were tortured on suspicion of being members of cult groups.

    NHRC’s Executive Secretary Professor Bem Angwe said yesterday his commission might prosecute the officials if they failed to honour a fresh invitation to appear before the commission.

    The commission, on August 10, invited officials and authorities of the Army for two separate incidents of torture.

    While the Army authorities were invited for the inhuman treatment meted out to a civilian in Nyanya, Abuja, by a soldier, and requested the culprit be identified, the university officials were invited for the torture of two students, Stanley Okoye, a 23-year-old final-year Civil Engineering student and Ga-Lim Aondofa Lord.

    Prof Angwe, who spoke in Abuja after receiving a team from the Army, said the vice chancellor had refused to appear on the excuse that the matter was in court, and that the commission should allow the court to handle it.

    He said although the commission had issued the VC and his officials fresh invitations to appear on August 25, the commission believed the university authorities failed to  appreciate the powers of the commission.

    “The victims and their parents were here yesterday, but the vice chancellor and the two officials did not come. We received a letter from the vice chancellor, who said the matter is in court and that believes the Human Commission should allow the court to determine the case.

    “We are not satisfied with that. It is not for the vice chancellor to write us that the matter is in court. They (the VC and two other senior officials) need to appear.

    “We have given them a new date to appear on August 25. And if by that date the vice chancellor and the officials  are not here, we are going to prosecute them.

    “The vice chancellor acted in ignorance by not understanding that he is supposed to appear, and that if he has a defence, or the matter is in court, he should show us certified true copies of the processes in relation to the matter in court. It is for us to determine whether the subject matter is the same with what we want to deal with.

    “If he does not appear on August 25, we will prosecute him for failing to obey a lawful directive issued by the commission. There are two options left for us if a person refuses to honour our invitation.

    “First, the failure to appear before the commission, when invited, is an offence in itself. It carries a penalty of six months’ imprisonment. After serving the punishment, we can still issue a bench warrant to compel the person’s presence here.

    “We are not wasting time on issuing a bench warrant. We will punish such a person first, for the offence of not obeying the lawful directive of the commission that he appears in respect of the complaint of right abuse against his organisation,” Angwe said.

    He hailed the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) for the steps taken in the Nyanya case.

    “We are satisfied with the way the authorities of the Army has handled the case.

    “As soon as we communicated with the Chief of Army Staff and gave the Army 72 hours within which to identify the soldiers involved, the COAS, within two hours communicated to us to say they have indeed, found the culprit.

    “That quick response was pleasing to us. Secondly, today, the COAS has sent a team of senior officers, led by a general. They also brought the culprit, who is attached to the Guards Brigade,” Angwe said.

    The NHRC chief, who did not disclose the identity of the soldier, said the soldier was attached to the Guards Brigade.

    He said the Army’s account on the Nyanya incident was that the civilian was  caught by a mob while robbing, and that the soldier intervened to save the victim (the alleged robber).

    “They said if the soldier did not intervene, the mob would have killed him. But, we have invited the victim, who will appear tomorrow. This will enable use verify the story of the Army,” Angwe said.

    Director of Legal Services, Nigerian Army Brigadier General Yusuf Shalangwa, who led the Army team, confirmed that the soldier had been identified and was being subjected to internal disciplinary measures.

    Shalangwa said the NHRC would be informed about the outcome of its investigation and other steps the Army decides to take in the case.

  • NHRC threatens to prosecute varsity officials over students’ torturing

    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has said it will prosecute the vice chancellor of Madonna University and two other senior officials of the institution over alleged torturing of students accused of involvement in cultism.

    NHRC’s Executive Secretary, Prof. Bem Angwe, said on Wednesday that his commission will be compelled to prosecute the institution’s officials should they fail to honour a fresh invitation to appear before the commission.

    The commission on August 10 invited the Madonna University officials and the Nigerian Army authorities over two separate incidents of torture.

    While the Army was invited over the inhuman treatment meted out to a civilian in Nyanaya, Abuja, recently by a soldier, and requested that the culprit be identified, the university officials were invited over the torture of two students, Stanley Okoye, a 23-year old final year Civil Engineering student and Ga-Lim Aondofa Lord.

    Prof Angwe, who spoke in Abuja after receiving a team from the Nigerian Army, said the vice chancellor of Madonna University has refused to appear on the excuse that the matter is in court and that the commission should allow the court to handle it.

    “The victims and their parents were here on Tuesday, but the vice chancellor and the two other officials did not come. We also received a letter from the vice chancellor, who said the matter is in court and that for that reason, he is of the opinion that the Human Rights Commission should allow the court to determine the case.

    “We are not satisfied with that. It is not for the vice chancellor to sit there in his office and write us a letter that the matter is in court. They (the VC and two other senior officials of the university) need to appear.

    “We have given them a new date to appear here on the 25th of this month. And if by that date the vice chancellor and two other officials of the university are not here, we will commence their prosecution immediately.”

  • NHRC partners NEMA on IDPs

    NHRC partners NEMA on IDPs

    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has partnered  with the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), to address the challenges faced by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).

    NHRC’s Executive Secretary Prof. Bem Angwe disclosed this when the Director-General of  NEMA, Alhaji Mohammed Sanni Sidi and his management staff paid a courtesy call on the Executive Secretary at the Commission headquarters in Abuja.

    Prof. Angwe praised NEMA for responding promptly to the plight  of some displaced persons in Abuja.

    He said: “NEMA is fighting an armed  conflict called the wars of the 21st century, these wars are fought by non-state actors who cannot be identified and most often easily  mix with the civilian population therefore  making it difficult for the military who are doing their best to identify and eliminate them

    “The concept of NEMA was not to manage this form of armed conflict against  Nigerian state, this task is overwhelming but at no time have we  heard NEMA crying out and complaining. Today every Nigerian is concerned about the condition of vulnerable people in the country.

    “Most people who are not IDPS are claiming to be one, taking advantage of the IDPs situation, but every Nigerian is entitled to  some welfare by the government. Government has a duty to ensure that  every Nigerian does  have shelter over his head, food, etc. so we must protect Nigerians, we must protect Nigerians who are in   IDPs condition, we must  also protect ordinary citizens who are not IDPS

    Prof. Angwe stated: “We have agreed that on August 19 August 2015,  stakeholders in all the states will converge and  hold Stakeholders  meeting at the conference hall of NHRC in Abuja to discuss the challenges of the IDPS,  the states must put in place a mechanism that protects the 310 Centres  and NHRC has  monitors in the 10 states  mostly affected by the Boko Haram insurgency.

    “This is not adequate a number to cover all the IDPS in these states, the commission has a  situation room, for all IDPs monitors  to transmit all their findings directly to NHRC so that we  cover and monitor development on IDP camps.

    “These are periodic assignments as they visit the IDPs  once or twice a week, this is not a situation this country is used to,  suicide bombing is alien to our culture. We need to send this dragon called suicide bombing  away from our society. We believe that one day God Almighty will put all these in a bottle and bottle up the dragon

    “We have IDPs in Abuja, Benin,  so, how many houses will the government rent in order to  meet the needs of these people in order to balance Human Rights with humanitarian needs. We are going to work with you and give support ;as it is a national problem, it  must be addressed and all institutions involved with conflict must stand up. NEMA  and the Human Rights Commission must collaborate to achieve great result

    “There is no job that is better than that of fighting for humanity because it has a direct reward from the creator. You find yourself a ticket and passport to eternity because no amount of money will  compensate for this selfless service”.

    Prof. Angwe praised the  DG NEMA for the waening signal he gave the country over floods,  “ we have  to be prepared so that we support the efforts of government in addressing this challenge. Assistance must be rendered in a coordinated manner” Prof. Angwe stated.

    In his speech, Alhaji Sidi thanked the commission and stated that they were on  a courtesy call to the  Executive Secretary and the commission

    He said: “NEMA is saddled with the responsibility of disaster management,Insurgency and Terrorism management is new to the agency though it is now a global phenomenon Thanks to Prof. Angwe  for his support and contributions to the Committee on National Disaster Management because of the threat of insurgency and terrorism, a  fact he felt he should come and brief the commission on.

    “The socio-economic activities in the affected states have been paralysed, more than 1.5 million people are currently displaced from the states. In Boronu, Yobe, Adamawa, Taraba, Benue and other affected states”

    “NEMA has been responding to the needs of the displaced Nigerians and wants more presence of Commission’  staff in the formal camps where things are happening to enable Commission  get daily reports of what is happening,  especially as it relates to human rights,  your  presence in the camps  will strengthen the system we have in place” Alhaji. Sidi stated.

  • Group wants economic  sabotage probed

    Group wants economic sabotage probed

    The Director of Publicity of the Nigerian Human Rights Community (NHRC), Dr. Duro Oluwayemi has urged President Muhammadu Buhari to probe economic sabotage in the Ileja community of Ondo State.

    Addressing reporters in Lagos, he said government should probe the violent killings, arms proliferation which has grounded economic activities in the oil producing community, noting that it was sponsored by traditional rulers.

    He said the situation has grossly affected development, stressing that people now live in fears because of the wanton destruction of property and arms proliferation.

    Oluwayemi added that the crisis in the Ilaje community was a fall out of the 2015 Presidential election which singled out those loyal to the Buhari led administration for persecution.

    He said: “Oba Afolabi Odidiomo and his subjects have been singled out for persecution and maltreatment by the richer and more recalcitrant king. In the last few months, six people have been killed in clearly orchestrated cases of murder.

    “The murder is linked to bitter tussle over lordship in the area. It took our research officers 21 days to conduct extensive investigation on the crisis, if not checked it will lead to a major armed conflict and economic paralysis.”

    The NHRC accused the traditional rulers of arming youths who maim innocent people who go about the legitimate business.

    “There is a surge to acquire weapons in the area due to the festering crisis. The thugs parade the town with sophisticated weapons at the prompting of the traditional ruler.

    “What we see in Igbokoda is another disaster waiting to happen. They go about with AK 47 automatic weapons. The police must wake up to its responsibilities by not compromising. The force had turned a blind eye to cases of rights abuse, but must stop this one in order to allow the people go about the businesses unmolested.”

  • Ekiti lawyer petitions COAS, NHRC over assault

    An Ekiti State lawyer, Gbolahan Ogunyemi, has petitioned the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) and the National Human Right Commission (NHRC) over over his allegedly assault by soldiers in Ado-Ekiti.

    The lawyer, in a petition titled: “Complaint on the assault and inhuman treatment meted out on my person by your officers,” decried how one of three unidentified military officers was instructed to shoot him at a military checkpoint, if he disobeyed their instruction.

    In a copy of the petition yesterday in Abuja, Ogunyemi said: “On May 24, I noticed people were walking under the sun with hands above their heads; and believed they were criminals.

    “On getting to where the soldiers were one of them shouted at me to raise my hands above my head, as I tried to obey out of duress and intimidation, the supervising officer called me out of the throng of people and asked me who are you?

    “I responded that I am Barrister Ogunyemi Gbolahan Samuel, then, he said you are not above the law because you are a barrister, barrister my foot.

    “The supervising officer shouted at me to be quiet, ordered me to go back to the starting point and trek down with my hands raised above my head, to which I declined. It was at this point I informed him that I was in Ado for an important meeting which was to begin at 2pm.

    “To my surprise, he called one of the junior officers that he should deal with me and if I made an attempt to walk I should be shot.

    “I was falsely imprisoned on that spot for more than 40 minutes with threats to my life.

    “Another junior officer hit me with a plank on my knee and I was bleeding from the punctured hole in my leg. I was beaten publicly in the presence of by-standers and passers-by.

    “In the process of such degrading treatment, a soldier biked down in mufti came to the scene and he pleaded with the three soldiers to let me go.”

    Ogunyemi urged the relevant authorities to ensure that the perpetrators are brought to justice.

     

  • Prepare more for April 11 elections, NHRC advises INEC

    Prepare more for April 11 elections, NHRC advises INEC

    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has advised the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to address some of the challenges identified during the Presidential and National Assembly elections.

    Prof. Chidi Odinkalu, the Chairman of the Governing Council of the commission, gave the advice on Sunday in Abuja in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

    He said the advice became imperative in view of the forthcoming Governorship and State Houses of Assembly elections on April 11.

    Odinkalu, nonetheless, commended INEC for the success recorded in the Presidential and National Assembly elections conducted on March 28.

    “We are not asking for perfection, we are asking for improvement and Prof. Attahiru Jega, the Chairman of INEC, has shown that improvement.

    “INEC should, however, learn from the mistakes of the Presidential and National Assembly elections and perfect its art in subsequent elections,’’ he said.

    The chairman also urged the electorate to replicate conducts that encouraged peaceful atmosphere during the last elections in the April 11 elections.

    Odinkalu commended President Goodluck Jonathan for conceding defeat and congratulated President-elect Muhammadu Buhari.

  • NHRC: about 50 persons died during Saturday’s polls

    NHRC: about 50 persons died during Saturday’s polls

    THE National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) said yesterday that about 50 deaths were recorded during Saturday’s elections. Property worth millions of naira was destroyed by arsonist.

    The Chairman, NHRC, Chidi Odinkalu, in a statement, commended Nigerians, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the security agencies for a job well done.

    Also, a coalition of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) under the aegis of the Nigeria Civil Society Situation Room (NCSSR), urged INEC to do its all to prevent a recurrence of the lapses recorded during Saturday’s elections.

    Odinkalu said all acts of election-related violence must be condemned unreservedly. He called for a general condemnation of the killing of and attacks on uniformed personnel of the security agencies as well as the killing of INEC staff. “Those responsible must be held to account. Such political violence dishonors the high sense of civic pride, sacrifice and co-existence showed by Nigerians throughout this period.

    “The voting process was not without some challenges, including pockets of violence and security breaches.  From different parts of the country, there have been incidents, reports and allegations of various forms of violence, including some reported attacks by extremists in some parts of north eastern Nigeria designed to frustrate the exercise of the franchise. “Some highlights include: Acts of violence resulting in fatalities have so far been reported in Akwa Ibom, Borno, Bauchi, Edo, Gombe, Lagos, Osun, Rivers, and Yobe States.

    “At the end of yesterday (Sunday), the number of persons reported killed in these attacks and incidents is over 50. “This number includes one state legislator, a community leader and two (2) ad-hoc election staff of the I Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), allegedly been killed in an extremist attack in Gombe State, as well as the killing of an asset of the Nigerian armed forces in Rivers State.

    “There were also reported cases of injuries from politically-motivated violence in Edo, Ekiti, Imo, Lagos, and Kano States as well as allegations of snatching of ballot boxes, card readers and related election materials in some states, including Akwa Ibom, Benue, Gombe, Imo, Niger, and Rivers States.

    “There have also been isolated but very worrying reports of arson attacks on assets of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in parts of the Niger Delta.

    “Similarly, we have also noted widespread availability of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in some parts of the country, especially in parts of Akwa Ibom, Imo, Delta, Rivers, and Benue States.

    In a statement by its Operating Officer, Agianpe Ashang, it expressed discomfort over the inability of INEC to deploy its officials and election materials on time to allow for a timely commencement of polls.

    “Officials and materials did not reach significant number of polling stations by the time of poll opening. This delayed accreditation and voting led to continuation of polls till late into the night in many places. INEC’s delays in commencement and closing of polls subjected the voters, some of whom arrived very early at the polling stations, to untoward experiences.

    “The Situation Room insists that the experience of late commencement of polling will not recur and that INEC will not stretch the patience of the Nigerian voter beyond tolerable level in future elections,” it said.

    The group which noted that the diligence and sacrifice of Nigerians during the elections was a reflected their deep commitment to democratic governance particularly, commended the courage of voters in Gombe State, who persisted in participating in the election despite the terrorist attack.

    It expressed deep concern about the reports of interference in the electoral process in some states, especially Rivers and Imo states.

    It said reports of failure by security agencies to prevent havoc by non-state groups in some polling units were received.

    “These developments raise concern that the collation of results may be compromised if appropriate actions are not taken to safeguard the credibility of the exercise.

    “We appeal to political parties and politicians to exercise restraint and desist from the use of violence in the electoral process. We urge the security agencies and officials to conduct themselves according to established standards of professional conduct,” it said.

    While applauding INEC’s efforts to introduce technology into the electoral process, the group said it was concerned by reports of challenges with the accreditation process resulting in the suspension of the use of card readers and reversal to manual accreditation.

    “This failure has undermined the full benefit anticipated by the use of biometric technology and imposed unnecessary hardship on Nigerians. “We call on INEC to make clear what guidelines will govern the accreditation process during the 11 April 2015 elections.

    “We urge the Commission to make a clear and definitive statement on these elections taken into account needs to correct its own deficiencies and inform the Nigerian public as to what to expect.

    “We also call on INEC to intensify its outreach to the public providing full information on situations as they develop and guidelines for the conduct of the remaining aspects of the elections.

    “The Situation Room calls on the public to remain patient and maintain a high level of commitment to participating in the remaining aspects of the electoral process. We urge all Nigerians to remain orderly and law abiding and to refrain from any actions that may further challenge the electoral process.

    “We urge the public to cooperate with the relevant authorities and to report any action capable of undermining the electoral process to the appropriate authorities and civic organizations,” the group said.

     

  • NHRC expresses fear over heightening electoral violence

    NHRC expresses fear over heightening electoral violence

    THE National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has expressed concern over what it described as the frightening and increasing trend of electoral violence by major political actors.

    The Chairman, NHRC, Chidi Odinkalu, who spoke at a news conference in Abuja yesterday, expressed fears about the commission’s findings during its recent visit to Lagos, Kaduna and Rivers states,  identified as the states with high electoral violent potentials.

    Odinkalu said the outcome of the NHRC’s visitation team to states captured in its February 13 pre-election violence report and advisory, revealed a frightening trend.

    He noted that since the commission’s February 13 report, which revealed that 58 pre-election killings were recorded, more of such deaths have been recorded.

    But, many political actors have argued that the NHRC was conservative in its death figure.

    Odinkalu said the number of pre-election violence incident reports and complaints, submitted to the commission, has increased from 10 to 30.

    He added that there were evidence of major political actors’ preference for self-help as against depending on the security agencies and state-owned dispute resolution mechanisms.

    “Visits to the states confirmed the assessments in the report and advisory. Certain patterns were very evident from these locations, which predispose them to a potential for significant election-related violence,” he said.

    The NHRC boss named some of the identified patterns as including the deliberate arming and empowerment of militias and gangs by leading political parties, increase importation and utilisation of small arms and light weapons; increased substance abuse and psychotropic substances, among others

    “In Kaduna, Lagos and Rivers states, the state governments made allegations of the use of violence or threats of violence as an instrument of coercion by the opposition party in the state.

    “All the institutions, entities and communities whom we consulted with affirmed that hate speech was at unprecedented levels and nearly all warned that the level of such hate now presents a clear threat to national cohesion, irrespective of the outcome of the elections.

    “In Rivers and Kaduna, in particular, we received very credible indications that PVCS may have been “bought wholesale” by politicians or communities and indications that the practice of “community voting” could seriously endanger both plans for credible elections and the safety of staff engaged to organise or administer them. These are on a level that must be taken seriously by both INEC and the security agencies.

    “In all the locations, the parties suggest that the accords signed between the parties to promote issued-based campaigning and refrain from violence had broken down almost irretrievably. There is mutual suspicion and lack of good faith between the parties.

    “As we go into the elections also, we must call on the parties and candidates to refrain from any