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Tag: PFA

PenCom explains new Police PFA

•Says N4tr assets safe

The National Pension Commission (PenCom) has explained the rationale behind the establishment of the NPF Pensions Limited, a Pension Fund Administrator (PFA) recently granted an Approval-in-Principle by the Commission.

PenCom also reiterated that the N4 trillion pension asset is safe.

This is coming on the heels of arguments trailing the establishment of the new NPF Pensions Limited by stakeholders.

Head, Communication Unit, Emeka Onuora, who made this known in a statement, said there is lack of understanding of the circumstances surrounding the establishment of NPF Pensions Limited.

He said contrary to insinuations by some stakeholders that the Federal Government has granted approval to the Nigeria Police to pull out from the Contributory Pension Scheme, the Nigeria Police Force are still under the CPS by virtue of Section 1 of the Pension Reform Act, 2004.

He said the Whitepaper recently issued by the Federal Government on the Report of the Orasanye Committee on the Rationalisation of Federal Government Institutions, clearly indicated that the Federal Government has accepted the recommendation that, with the exception of the Military which has already been granted exemption, no Federal Government Institution, or Force should be exempted from the CPS.

He said: “It would be recalled that following the enactment of the Pension Reform (Amendment) Act 2011, which exempted the personnel of the Military and State Security Services from the CPS, the Nigeria Police and other agencies agitated for exemption from the Scheme.

“However, the Federal Government decided after careful consideration of the submission made by the Nigeria Police, that the Police personnel should remain under the CPS and that the Nigeria Police Force should seek administrative solutions to the grievances of their personnel within the framework of the Scheme.

“Accordingly, after extensive consultations with the Commission, the authorities of the Nigeria Police Force decided to incorporate a limited liability company (NPF Pensions Limited) and apply to the Commission for license to operate as a Pension Fund Administrator exclusively for the Nigeria Police personnel in order to address their peculiar concerns”.

Onuora explained that following a rigorous and thorough review of that application, the NPF Pensions Limited was found to have satisfied all the normal stringent Approval-In-Principle conditions without any concessions.

He said the Commission consequently granted the NPF Pensions Limited an Approval-in-Principle for a license to operate as a PFA.

“It is pertinent to note that the NPF Pensions Limited, which is incorporated as a Private Limited Liability Company, will be managed independently by professionals who must satisfy the fit and proper persons due diligence requirements and approved by the Commission in line with the Guidelines for Appointment to Board and Top Management Positions of PFAs and PFCs.

Furthermore, although the NPF Pensions Limited will be exclusively for police personnel, every police officer will, in line with section 11(2) of the PRA 2004, be at liberty to transfer to another PFA of his/her choice as soon as the transfer window is opened by the Commission.

“In order to ensure the smooth take-off of the NPF Pensions Limited, the Commission has developed an Operational Framework that will guide the reassignment of Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) and transfer of records of all Nigeria Police contributors to the NPF Pensions Limited, which would be spread over an 18 month period.”

The Commission has engaged and would continue to engage other licensed operators and stakeholders regarding the modalities of reassignment of PINs and transfer of records of officers and men of the Nigeria Police, with a view to ensuring a smooth exercise for the benefit of the pension industry.

Onuora noted that the issue of threat to pension assets does not arise under the Contributory Pension Scheme because the management and custody of pension assets are respectively undertaken by separate licensed operators, namely the Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) and Pension Fund Custodians (PFCs), under the strict supervision of the Commission.

Accordingly, the NPF Pensions Limited will operate like any other licensed PFA where the pension assets under its management will be held in custody by licensed PFCs under the supervision of the Commission.

May 7, 2014
PFAs, PFCs to pay N10m fine over unprotected funds

A fine of not less than N10 million will, henceforth, be paid by Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) and Pension Fund Custodians (PFCs) who fail to protect the funds under their management.
This was contained in a circular titled, “Revised Regime of Sanctions and Penalties for Non-Compliance with the Provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2004”, released by the National Pension Commission (PenCom).
The circular stated that in line with Sect. 58 (3), external auditors of PFAs or PFCs shall have responsibility to for the protection of pension funds.
It further added that a letter of advice will be written to an operator one month upon discovery that the pension fund is not well protected to correct the anomaly.
PenCom said: “If two weeks after the letter of advice, nothing is done, a letter of caution, will be issued. “Thereafter, a letter of warning, and if the firm refuses to take action, a fine not less than N10 million will be slammed on the firm as monetary penalty.
“If violation continues after monetary penalty, the Commission will proceed to naming and shaming; and if the firm failed to heed, imprisonment of a term not less than three years will be imposed on the responsible partner or principal officer.
“In line with remittance of contribution as stated in Section 11(5B), Sect. 11(7), employers should remit employees’ contributions not later than seven working days from the day salary is paid.
“Two weeks after default, payment of not less than two per cent of unpaid contribution should be paid to Retirement Savings Account (RSA) holder(s) and in case of continuous default for one month after issuance of letter of advice, a letter of caution will be issued to the erring employer.”
The Commission added that after one month of failure to adhere to the Letter of Caution, a letter of warning will follow and thereafter, one per cent of the outstanding payable will be paid as monetary penalty if the default persists after three month.

April 30, 2014
Stakeholders warn against withdrawal of N285b Police pension from PFAs

Stakeholders in the capital market and pension industry have called for a rethink of the move to withdraw pension assets of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) estimated at more than N285 billion from independent pension fund administrators (PFAs) to a sole pension administrator under the Police authority.

Industry analysts said the withdrawal may have unintended negative influence on the capital market where the large chunk of the funds are invested while the lack of independence and competition could thwart the laudable objectives of pension management.

Independent PFAs manage Police pension funds, which are meant to settle men and officers of the NPF upon retirement in line with the Pension Reform Act (PRA) of 2004. However, the Federal Government has initiated plans to transfer the N285 billion of the pension funds to a new PFA to be known as NPF PFA. The NPF PFA will be managed by the Nigeria Police. The Police has however successfully ran a microfinance bank, NPF Microfinance Bank Plc, which is quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE).

Stakeholders were worried that the potential for mismanagement and embezzlement of pension assets would be quite high under a sole PFA administrator.

According to analysts and stakeholders, given the recent happenings relating to the embezzlement of Police pensions outside the PFAs, taking away the funds in the custody of existing professional PFAs to Police may spell doom for their future.

Stakeholders, who spoke under conditions of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue, said the decision to arm-twist policemen into a sole PFA runs contrary to the principles of choice and competition embedded in the Pension Reform Act (PRA).

“We have heard and seen how pension funds outside the management of the PFAs but belonging to the Police have been embezzled. Those embezzled funds are gone and nothing is being done to recover them. Now, the funds under the management of the PFAs are being targeted in the form of setting up a new NPF PFA to manage the funds. This will amount to entrusting the future of Nigeria policemen to the hands of few individuals. It is not only risky but it will also dampen the moral of officers and men of the NPF,” a top management executive in the pension industry stated.

According to analysts, the setting up of NPF PFA and transferring of police pension from the PFAs violate the provision of PRA 2004, which section 11(1&2) allows individuals to choose their PFA.

Stakeholders said the negative spillovers may also affect the Nigerian capital market as PFAs would have to adjust their portfolios to meet the exigencies of transfers.

They urged the government to reconsider the idea and allow independent PFAs to continue to manage Police pension assets while the NPF concentrates on its core duty of protecting the citizenry.

April 23, 2014
Pension savers lament inability to change PFA

Pension savers under the new pension scheme, the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS), are craving to change from their Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) as a result of the poor services.

To this end, the workers and retirees are appealing to the National Pension Commission (PenCom) to fast-track the transfer window that will enable them to change their PFA.

PenCom aims to introduce a software application window that will enable seamless transfer of Retirement Savings of Accounts (RSAs) from one PFA to another by savers who may wish to explore the window.

This is in accordance with Section 11(2) of the Pension Act 2004, which provides that the employee may, not more than once in a year; transfer his RSA from one PFA to another PFA without adducing any reason for such transfer.

The estimated date for the opening of the transfer window was December 2012, but the Commission has been unable to commence the process as it is still battling with challenges, especially biometric issues which are considered a clog to the transfer process.

The Commission and pension operators will also deal with the huge capital involvement, data processing time, partnerships and the need to ensure an efficient system once it starts.

Sixty-year-old retiree of Dangote Agro Sack Limited, Mr. Rotimi Ogunyemi said he had been having problems with his PFA before and after retirement in April, last year.

Ogunyemi, who said he could transfer his RSAs account to another PFA.

He lamented that his PFA has not paid him any of his benefit since he retired last year because they claim not to be able to locate his file.

He explained that they kept promising him that they would sort the problem out for about a year.

He said: “I come from Ogun State to their office in Lagos State and I am finding it hard to survive. I cannot even pay the school fees of my daughter who is in the university.

A Chevron pensioner said he retired in 2005 and had been battling to receive his pension contribution transferred from NPF to his PFA since July, last year.

He also complained that the PFA’s service to him had been poor.

He said: “I retired since 2005. My contribution to the NPF during the old pension scheme has been transferred to my PFA. I applied to them since July 2013 and I am just got a response from them last week. I also spend a lot of time in their office before I could get their attention”.

Welfare Manager, African Insurance Brokers, Julius Aluko, said his firm had been having problems with their PFA over two months’ omission of payment of the company’s employees between October 2010 and October 2012.

He said he had written to the PFA twice, but the PFA kept pushing him around without a solution.

He stressed that the staff were not happy, adding that it is affecting those that have retired from been able to receive their pension either in lump sum or monthly.

He added the contributors in his office were anxiously waiting for the transfer window for them to move.

Chairman, Pension Fund Administrators of Nigeria (PeNop), Mr. Misbau Yola said operators were concerned about having the window opened and that due to some challenges, operators and PenCom would not start the process soon.

He noted that part of the process was ensuring that operators’ records were accurate, adding that the identification method was aimed at achieving a seamless transfer.

According to him, data process has is a challenge in the subsector.

March 26, 2014
‘There’s no feud between insurers, PFAs’

Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) have said there is no feud between them and insurers, despite allegations of de-marketing levelled against some members on the sale of Programme Withdrawal (PW) and Life Annuity sold by the duo.

The Pension Managers, who spoke under the auspices of the Pension Fund Operators Association of Nigeria (PeNop) at a briefing in Lagos, said they are looking at areas of collaboration and work as partners, and not as competitors.

Programme Withdrawal (PW) is a product offered by PFAs and regulated by the National Pension Commission (PenCom) while annuity is offered by life insurance firms regulated by the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM).

Under the PW pension is paid over an expected lifespan until the Retirement Savings Account (RSA) balance runs out. Whenever the retiree dies, the beneficiary under a will, or Letter of Administration, is paid enbloc the balance in the RSA.

Life Annuity, on the other hand, pays pension for life with a minimum guaranteed payment period of 10 years. If the retiree dies within the guaranteed payment period of 10 years, the surrender value of the remaining amount within the period shall be paid as lump sum to the estate of the retiree or named beneficiary.

The issue of de-marketing over the products has caused tension between the pension managers and insurers in the past. The insurers complained that PFAs were discouraging retirees and pensioners on their lists from buying life annuity products, alleging that some of them spread lies about annuity products and make wrongful insinuations about the safety of life annuity funds.

On the other hand, the PFAs were, however, not happy that PenCom is collaborating with the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) to promote life annuity as an alternative to programmed withdrawals as prescribed by the Pension Act. Some also believe insurers do not act professionally in their bid to make the retirees buy their product.

PeNop Chairman, Mr. Misbau Yola, said at the event that insurance firms accused marketers of misinforming retirees about either procuring programme withdrawal or annuity.

He explained that they are required to inform the retirees at the point of retirement on the option available to them, saying but it is up to the retiree to decide which option to take.

He said: “After we give this information to the retirees, they think about it and take their decision. Unfortunately, the insurance marketers believe that because we are the ones that interface with these retirees, we sell our own product rather than theirs.

“But, of course, we are not to specifically sell their product, but we will not de-market their product and we actually do not do that. A lot of retirees have been moving from our own product which is the PW to life annuity. Those who choose annuity and subsequently discovered they would be better off with Programme Withdrawal, cannot come back because they are not allowed to do so based on how the product is structured. PW withdrawal, on the other side, is flexible and retirees can decide they want to change to annuity.

“As an association, we are fervently looking at possible ways of how we can understand ourselves better so that they can actually understand that we are partners in progress and not competitors in this regard. We, as an industry, do not de-market the annuity option. The relationship is cordial, all we do is advise the retiree on available options to think and make a choice.”

Section 4 of the Pension Reform Act, 2004 provides that an employee can on retirement, make withdrawals from his Retirement Savings Account (RSA) in the form of a programmed monthly or quarterly withdrawal based on his life expectancy or buy life annuity from a life insurance firm.

Yola said the retiring worker can withdraw a lump sum from the balance in his RSA provided that the amount left in the account after the withdrawal is enough to fund a life annuity, or programmed withdrawals of not less than 50 per cent of his annual remuneration at the date of retirement.

Also, a retiree, who had opted for programmed withdrawal is free to change to life annuity, using the balance in his programmed withdrawal account to buy life annuity from a life insurer but he cannot change from life annuity to programmed withdrawal, he added.

February 26, 2014
PFAs, life insurers bicker over retirees pension option

THE end may not be in sight yet to the furore between Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) and insurance operators over de-marketing of the two retirement options available to retirees for drawing pension benefits.

The products, which are under the Contributory Pension Scheme as contained in the Pension Reform Act (PRA) 2004, are Programme Withdrawal offered by the PFAs and Life Annuity by life insurance firms.

Investigations reveal that the crisis between the PFAs and life insurers over which product a retiree should choose have continued to grow as they trade blame on de-marketing while employers are getting worried following feedbacks from their retirees.

The life insurers believe PFAs have advantage over them as the fund is under their control and they do everything possible to make sure they keep the money and keep them away from the retirees.They alleged that PFAs also de-market annuity and force retirees to choose Programme Withdrawal in its stead.

The PFAs have, however, denied the allegation, saying insurers are getting agitated unnecessarily.

The PRA provides that an employee can, on retirement, make withdrawals from his Retirement Savings Account (RSA) in the form of a programmed monthly or quarterly withdrawal based on his life expectancy or buy life annuity from a life insurance company.

The section says; “A worker with a RSA can access the money upon retirement or at 50, by opting for programmed withdrawal, which is provided by the PFAs, or annuity, which is provided by the insurance companies.”

According to the Act, programmed withdrawal is an option that is calculated on an expected life span; meaning that the pensioner will be paid regularly for some years after which he ceases to earn income from his PFA.

Also, the Act specifies that the annuity will be paid on a regularly by the insurance firm to the pensioner until he dies.

Section 1.2.9 of Regulation on Administration of Retirement Terminal Benefits issued by the PenCom provides that a PFA shall not impose, coerce or influence a retiree on the choice or mode of withdrawal.

However, regulation on annuity under Section 4.1 b of the PRA is jointly issued by National Insurance Commission (NA1COM) and the National Pension Commission (PenCom) for giving effect to the provisions of the PRA.

According to laws on annuity, it is the responsibility of NAICOM to regulate the annuity market while it is that of PenCom to ensure that a retiree receives his/her retirement benefit promptly.

Meanwhile, some employers have told The Nation that it has received complaints from its retirees and insurers, seeking help from them on how they could assist in making PFAs to release funds of retirees who have chosen life annuity.

They said they have observed the rift and are worried.

An employer said it got reports that some PFAs refused to release funds of some its retirees to life insurers after all processes have been completed.

He explained that they, on their part issue retirement bond to retirees immediately after retirement.

“We got a complaint from an insurance company that a particular PFA has refused to transfer a retiree’s pension fund who opted for annuity.

“They asked for our assistance, but we told them that there is nothing we can do on our part and directed them to the regulatory authority,” the employer said.

A retiree in the private sector said the PFA and insurers need to be matured in the way they market the products, adding that he was more confused after listening to both parties on which product to choose.

A senior official in PenCom said the problem is an issue of mis-selling of the two products by the two parties.

He said it was baseless for a PFA to think because he had kept the fund to a level where the employee retires, the fund must remain with them.

He affirmed that there are excesses between the two, noting that the Commission has told them there is no need for quarelling.

He said they expected the PFAs and insurers to be courteous in marketing the products, adding that PenCom and NAICOM have intensified efforts to ensure the laws governing the regulation on annuity as jointly issued is not disregarded.

He said: “Whatever the PFA and insurer does in marketing the products, the decision is made by the account holder who has a right to choose what he or she would prefer as its pension options.

“We have collaborated with NAICOM to curtail the excesses of the two. We have also embarked on enlightening and creating awareness among retirees on their rights as account holders. We told the retirees to always report to us when they feel something is not right.

”The issue is not for them to be at war with each other, but to sell their products without running down the other”

Chairman, Pension Fund Operators Association of Nigeria (PenOp), Mr. Misbahu Umar Yola, said he does not believe the PFAs are deliberately holding on to pension funds of retirees who opt for annuity.

He further said he does not think it is an issue of de-marketing annuity products as all they do is explain to retirees the advantages and disadvantages of the products.

According to him, there may be a few bad eggs, but it is not peculiar to most PFAs in the industry.

He said: “I do not think any PFA will compel retirees to purchase programme withdrawal or deliberately hold their fund back. Sometimes there could be delay between the period when the PFA writes to PenCom for approval to release the fund and this does not take more than two weeks.

“There could be an incident, but this does not make it an industry problem. There are 20 PFAs and we receive thousands of applications and it is possible there could be certain issues with few of them that need to be addressed by either the retiree or the PFA before transfer of fund can be done.”

Vice Chairman, Nigeria Insurers Association (NIA) and Managing Director, Linkage Assurance, Mr. Gus Wiggle, said there was no basis for PFA not to release a retiree’s fund to insurers.

He added that the choice of the pensioner should be respected by the PFA.

“I believe PenCom is doing a good job and they will come down hard on any PFA found to disregard the law. The PFA job terminates when the employee retires and their choice in choosing a retirement option should be respected,” he said.

December 4, 2013
CPS: Lagos assures retirees of prompt payment of entitlements

The Head of Service, Lagos State Mrs. Josephine Williams has retirees under the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) will get their entitlements within one month.

Williams, spoke in Lagos, however, urged retirees to prepare for retirement by doing proper documentation.

She said the delay in accessing entitlements was the fault of the retirees.

According to her, some retirees don’t have their documents and as such are not prepared for retirement.

She noted that there were lots of sensitisation and data capturing in the system such that there was no need for them to get hard copies

While congratulating the retirees, she noted that a Post-Service Office had been created in the Office of the Head of Service to address the problems of retirees and give useful advice which can improve the system.

She advised the retirees to go to their PFAs with their or documents to access their retirement benefits.

A retiree, who received his bond at the ninth Retirement Bond Certificate presentation by the Lagos State Pension Commission, Martins Asuenime, commended the organisers of the event, adding that people who retired earlier had collected their benefits.

He said this shew that the new pension scheme was working.

Asuenime, who retired as auditor- general for local governments and head of pension directorate, believes the CPS is better than others.

He also believes the problem of the old scheme was funding and employers did not consider pension as a priority.

“Now that it has been taken away from the state to the private sector, you collect your money as at when due. What we are doing now is the best and I encourage every other states to do so,” he said.

A retiree of the State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB), Mrs. Otun Oluwayemisi, said the new pension scheme is better than the previous one.

She said: “We cannot compare this to the old scheme. With the arrangement now, we are happy most especially because we don’t have to line up under the sun or rain to take our money.

“At the end of the day, we will just present this Retirement Bond Certificate to our PFAs and our money will be paid to us.”

November 20, 2013
‘PFAs have only received part payment of PHCN workers’ pension’

Pension Fund Administrators (PFAs) have only received some part payments of the pension benefits of workers of the defunct Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) who were sacked, the new Chairman of Pension Fund Operators Association of Nigeria (PenOp), the umbrella body for the PFAs, Misbahu Umar Yola, has said.

He spoke to reporters while outlining his plans for the association in Lagos.

Yola, who said some PFAs have received payments of the PHCN pensioners from the Federal Government, could not, however, confirm how much they have received as at press time.

He noted that certain details and information were still being worked out by the PFAs with the Office of the Accountant-General of the Federal Civil Service, the Bureau for Public Enterprises (BPE), and the PHCN management, adding that when the process is completed, their accounts will be credited.

Meanwhile, the Minister of Power, Prof. Chinedu Nebo, has given reasons why some of the workers have not been paid their severance packages.

He said the delay was as a result of inconsistent information submitted to his ministry and pension fund management companies by some of the workers.

Nebo, who spoke at the opening of a new power transmission sub-station in Ibadan on Friday, said there was a provision for payment to the workers.

“We are working hard to ensure that all members of staff of the former PHCN are paid their entitlements. There are about 7,000 left, whose biometrics were not perfect. The problem is that they were inconsistent in the information they gave to us. Some of them opened more than one bank account and submitted different names to the pension fund managers. We are trying to clear all these anomalies before making the payment,” the minister explained.

“The handover of the successor firms was seamless and I appeal to the workers of the defunct PHCN and those with the new distribution and generation companies that the government will fulfil its obligation to them.”

Speaking on his tenure just as he took over the mantle of leadership of the association from the Managing Director, Pension Alliance Limited, Mr. Dave Uduanu, Yola disclosed thatplans are ongoing to upgrade the association to an institute.

He said a secretariat will be setup in the coming weeks to help coordinate its activities while the association awaits the regulator, the National Pension Commission’s approval to become an institute.

The chairman said his administration would place more emphasis on educating members of the public on the contributory pension scheme noting he will work closely with the media to ensure proper dissemination of information about the sector.

He said: “The Contributory Pension Scheme has a safe mechanism to ensure the security of pension funds and pension operators will continue to support the development of the scheme, to ensure protection for workers in retirement.

“We are considering a law that will make the funds in the Retirement Savings Accounts of workers to be able to contribute more to the growth of the economy and meet some other needs of the workers even before retirement”.

The chairman further said his team would collaborate with the National Pension Commission (PenCom) to encourage saving culture among young people and also ensure that the open window initiative is achieved.

A framework has also been designed by Pen Com and in a few months, it would roll out the guidelines that would enable for the sector.

He further disclosed that the PFAs have started engaging the informal sector and have started putting incentives that will attract the informal sector.

The new members of PenOp Executive Committee are the Managing Director, Shell Nigeria Closed Pension Fund Administrator Limited, Mrs. YemisiAyeni, who is the vice-chairman; Managing Director, ARM Pension Managers Limited, Mr Sodiq Mohammed, is the Head, technical committee; Managing Director, Premium Pension Limited, Mr. Wilson Ideva, is the Head, Legal and Regional Committee; Managing Director, FUG Pension Limited, Mr Usman Suleiman, is the Head, Branding and Communication; Managing Director, Zenith Pension Fund Custodian, Mrs. Nkem Oni-Egboma, is the Treasurer and Mrs. Susan Oranye, is the Secretary.

November 13, 2013
The final act

Freshers watched with mouths agape as the final year students of Performing Arts (PFA) Department of the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) came to the campus in funny cultural dresses, last week. Many of the students thought they were going for a cultural festival somewhere in town.

The students came for serious business: a stage performance to commemorate their final year project work. The exercise was a combination of drama and music, which is part of the requirements for the students to be graded in PFA 499, a final year project course.

The department uses students’ performance in stage plays to determine their ability to apply the practical aspects of the discipline, such as casting, costuming, acting, directing, lighting and stage properties, which they were taught for four years.

The students were divided into 12 groups and each group was expected to perform a stage play at the PFA theatre.

One of the groups, G 12, performed a drama entitled Voke, which was written by Peter Odogbor. The play is about a young woman, Voke, who is the only child of her parents, Idi and Omuta.

Voke fell in love with a young man, Johnny, but she was promiscuous and not satisfied with Johnny. During their wedding, the officiating priest asked the congregation if anyone had a reason the couple should not be joined together in holy matrimony. Three men stood up; they claimed Voke was their lover. On sighting the men, Voke fainted but she was revived to shame.

Other groups presented their drama and opera, which portrayed different experiences.

Present at the event were the acting head of the department, Adeoye Abdulrasheed, General Manager, Radio Kwara, Mr Abdullateef Adedeji, Deputy Head of Press, Kwara State Government, Mr Ayo Akanbi, Prof Nasiru Akanji, Dr Jelili Ojuade and Dr Solomon Ikibe.

A final year student, Folake Omoyiola, said rehearsing the drama before presentation was challenging for students, but praised the department’s lecturers for rendering support to students during the project defence.

May 9, 2013