Tag: plants

  • Zamfara plants 24,000 trees

    THE Zamfara State Government has planted 24,000 trees in some of its local government areas as part of a campaign against desertification across the state.

    Special Adviser to the  governor on Directorate of Afforestation, Malam Mansur Khalifa-Kaura, disclosed this in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Gusau.

    Khalifa-Kaura said the campaign was part of the government‘s commitment to fight desert encroachment and other environmental challenges in the state.

    “In the first phase, we planted 14,000 trees across the state, 1,000 trees were planted in one-kilometre distance in each of the 14 local government, which cost the state government N10 million.

    “In the second phase, we planted 10,000 trees in six selected local government areas in the state, in each of the selected LGAs we planted over 1,600 trees in two kilometres distance along the road side”

    “This phase also cost the state another N10 million, making a total of N20 million for the whole projects,” he said.

    He listed the six selected local government areas to include Bakura, Birnin-Magaji, Talata-Mafara, Shinkafi, Kaura-Namoda and Zurmi.

    According to him, apart from combating desertification, the trees would also help in beautifying the environment. The state government, he added, would ensure the trees are protected.

    He advised the people against indiscriminate tree falling to stop desertification and erosion challenges.

    He, however, appealed to people of the state to assist the state government in the maintenance and protection of the trees.

  • Why six power plants are idle, by Shell

    Why six power plants are idle, by Shell

    Six power plants remain idle because of lack of gas to fuel their operations, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), has said.

    Its  Senior Commercial Adviser, Upstream Gas,  Emmanuel Anyaeto, said the plants could not operate as there was no infrastructure to convey gas to their locations.

    He spoke on the sidelines of ‘Gas Aggregation Buyers’ Forum’ orginised by the Gas Aggregation Company of Nigeria (GACN), in Abuja, yesterday.

    He said gas producers were also reluctant to supply them gas owing to their rising debt profile which was almost hitting $500million.

    He said Nigeria needed about two billion standard cubic feet of gas to meet its requirement for both domestic and power plants.

    Anyaeto said: “The reason is because we have about six power plants in this country that are standing idle that are not getting gas. The reason why they are not getting gas, even though we are flaring 800million scuf per day is that we don’t have enough pipelines to deliver the gas to the power plants.

    “That begs the question, why were the power plants built far away from where the gas is? he queried, pointing out that the that most of the producers are owed a lot of money. The producers are being owed close to $500million today.”

    He said the power plants, are government owned, but since the government is not paying, the producers now require a guarantee  that they woul be paid upon supply of gas.

    This condition, Anyaeto said, is what the government is yet to  fulfill that has culminated in the shortage of gas for the power plants.

    He said the  amount of investment needed to meet the two billion SCUF in Nigeria is about $6million for gas, pipelines and other infratsuture.

    According to him, producers were readily available for the gas business, but the challenge was whether customers are available to pay for the gas.

    Also speaking, GACN Managing Director, Morgan Okwoche, said the Gas Purchase Agreement (GPAs) that was signed was not effective because there was no security for the electricity generation companies (GenCos), that needs a back up, while the Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading (NBET) was yet to come up with any security instrument.

    He said the N701billion intervention from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), was not was extended to the gas producers, stressing that GACN is in a position to certify any invoice dispute free.

    He said GACN wrote to  NBET and the Minister of Power to involve the company to help in disbursing the N701billion to avoid dispute in the future.

  • ‘Fertiliser blending plants’ll save $200m in forex, N60b in subsidy’

    The revival of abandoned  fertiliser blending plants will save Nigeria about $200 million in Foreign Exchange (forex) and over N60 billion in subsidy. It will also create thousands of jobs.

    President Muhammadu Buhari, who made this known during the 2017 budget presentation at the National Assembly, said that these will come on the strength of an ambitious agreement Nigeria signed with Morocco on December 2, 2016 to revive the plants.

    He said that the agreement focuses on optimising local materials while only importing items that are not available locally.

    “This programme has already commenced and we expect that in the first quarter of 2017, it will create thousands of jobs and save Nigeria US$200 million of foreign exchange and over N60 billion in subsidy,” Buhari said.

    Nigeria has great potentials in chemical and organic fertiliser consumption and usage, using 20 kilogrammes per hectare (kg/ha) of fertiliser on the average. This lags behind in some countries in Africa, such as South Africa and Egypt where average fertiliser usage is 100kg/ha.

    As a result of low production in Nigeria, most fertiliser is imported. Thus overdependence on imported fertiliser results in drain on foreign reserve. It also leads to more demands on fertiliser importation and high prices.

    However, efforts to cut imports through local production of fertiliser have so far failed. And all attempts to turn around Nigeria’s two big fertiliser production manufacturers-the Federal Super Phosphate Fertiliser Company (FSFC) set up in 1976 and the National Fertiliser Company of Nigeria (NAFCON) established in 1988 for the production of urea failed.

    Finally, the Federal Government sold them to private entrepreneurs. Since then, more than 30 fertiliser companies are said to have been established with different production capacity in different states in Nigeria, including the abandoned Fertiliser Blending Plant in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State.

    The Bokkos Fertilizer Blending Plant was constructed by the Joshua Dariye administration, but was abandoned by the immediate past administration of Jonah David Jang. Incumbent Governor Lalong has, however, pledged his commitment to complete all abandoned projects including the fertiliser blending plant as resources available to him permit.

    However, with the Nigeria-Morocco fertiliser deal, a new dawn may be in the offing for Nigeria’s abandoned fertiliser plans. And Buhari’s commitment to economic diversification, underscored by Federal Government’s decision to vote N92 billion as budgetary allocation to the agric sector for the year 2017 underscored this fact.

    “Agriculture remains at the heart of our efforts to diversify the economy and the proposed allocation to the sector this year is at a historic high of N92 billion,” the President said, adding that the budget was primed to focus on economic recovery and growth strategy.

    Buhari also said N92 billion will complement the existing efforts by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to boost agricultural productivity through increased intervention funding at single digit interest rate under the Anchor Borrowers Programme, commercial agricultural credit scheme and the Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk-Sharing System for Agricultural Lending.

    The President indicated that provision of and access to inputs, pursuing a conducive commodity market to ease exchanges and plugging waste through proper storage would be key areas.

    “Accordingly, our agricultural policy will focus on the integrated development of the agricultural sector by facilitating access to inputs, improving market access, providing equipment and storage as well as supporting the development of commodity exchanges,” he stated.

  • Lafarge set  to expand production with three plants

    Lafarge set to expand production with three plants

    • Firm unfolds 2016 business outlook

    With a plan to open three new plants, cement manufacturer and building solutions provider – Lafarge Africa Plc. – yesterday unfolded its business outlook for the year.

    Its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Peter Hoddinott said the company remains bullish about Nigerian growth potential, assuring that the firm will continue to uphold its standard.

    He said: “We’ll continue to deliver good performance with significant upsides as new cement and power generation capacities come on stream and synergy benefits from the merger in Nigeria flow through.

    “Our business integration process has been successful and as a company, we are optimistic to deliver improving performances in 2016 and beyond, improving value to our shareholders.”

    According to him, the integration of LafargeHocim businesses in Nigeria will drive efficiency and ultimately generate synergy savings of N9 billion for the group by mid-2018. The cost of borrowing for the companies will also reduce by four per cent.

    In a statement on the outlook, the company predicted robust growth in the local cement market behind a strong Individual Home Building Segment.

    The statement reads: “The Federal Government of Nigeria has also shown strong indications to support Infrastructure growth in the coming year.

    “Lafarge Africa will be able to leverage its unique footprint in 2016 with Ashaka returning to growth, ReadyMix securing high volume contracts to support its eight existing and new plants to be inaugurated as well as the new 2.5 million tons cement line due to be inaugurated in Mfamosing in H2.

    “Overall, the Lafarge Africa group will continue to seek innovative ways of improving product offerings in the Nigerian cement, concrete and aggregate market in 2016.

    “In the South Africa market, Lafarge Africa will leverage the 2015 investments within the cement operations with a revamped sales team and route to market. In aggregates, the company will continue to benefit from its strong network delivering results with two new quarries, being opened in the Gauteng market and Ready-Mix growth.

    “New strategies in penetrating retail, new geographies and the technical segment are expected to allow Lafarge Africa volumes to grow above a flat market in all three product lines.

  • ‘Govt can reap economic benefits from medicinal plants’  

    The Natural Integrative Medicine Practitioners Association (NIMPA) has told the Federal Government to tap into the country’s rich herbal plants as a measure to revamp the economy.

    Its President, Dr. Isaac Ayodele, said Nigeria was capable of realising over $100 billion yearly from the cultivation, production, commercialisation and exportation of its rich medicinal plants.

    Moreover, they are the basic materials for traditional, alternative medicine and some synthetic drugs.

    He said some potent drugs such as morphine, quinine, digoxin, atrophine, ephedrine, emetine and artemisinin were extracted from medicinal plants and later synthesised by pharmaceutical companies.

    He pointed out that the days of bastardising made in Nigeria medicine and importing foreign made herbs should stop so as to save Nigeria’s foreign reserves.

    He said no nation can progress if medicinal items whose equivalents remain untapped within her domain are imported.

    He said plants with tested and confirmed therapeutic actions and safety should be cultivated in the six geo-political zones of the country to provide raw materials for the production of herbal medicine for local use and exports.

    He said this would also help to confront global climate change that has collapsed the price of oil from $200 to a benchmark of about $30 per barrel.

    “In view of the adverse effect of the oil on greenhouse gas emission, which is blamed for the sea level rise and global health and poverty crisis, the global community is at war with crude oil and its by products, a scenario that has wrecked the mono economy of Nigeria in crude oil, impoverishing the country should be addressed,” he said.

  • I TALK TO WEEDS AND PLANTS- TRADO MEDICINE PRACTITIONER QUINCY AYODELE

    I TALK TO WEEDS AND PLANTS- TRADO MEDICINE PRACTITIONER QUINCY AYODELE

    Right from youth, Quincy Olasumbo Ayodele has had a natural attachment to nature. But she took her time, went through formal education and even worked in a bank. Not long, she stepped out and  established Quincy Herbal Slimmers, a leading herbal care centre in Nigeria. But that was 20 years ago. Today, easy-going ‘Quincy’, as she is fondly called, is a successful international businesswoman, a top socialite, grandmother and a consultant to the World Health Organisation(WHO) on herbal medicine. Despite it all, Quincy humbly says she’s just ‘a village girl.’ She spoke to PAUL UKPABIO on life as a young grandmother, junketing around the world promoting herbal medicine, among other issues. 

     

    What has been happening to you in recent times?

    A lot of positive things have been happening. God has taken me to where He promised me. We’ve started climbing the steps to the promised land. We have seen the promised land but we have not entered into it.

    You mean all these years, you were just moving towards the promised land?

    Yes, it was a journey but now we have seen it.

    How long has it taken you to get to where you are today?

    It has taken us 20 years.

    So what does the promise land look like from the point that you are seeing it today?

    It is promising, so bright; it is going to create generational wealth in my lifetime and for the generation to come. That is why it is a promised land. It took me several years to get here.

    Okay, you seem to have been talking in proverbs, can you break it down?

    (Laughs) Yes, right now, we have most of our medicinal plants in place, we have been able to make them into products that are now marketable both in Nigeria and all round the world. Presently, we are in the market in the United States of America; we are registered and our products are on sale;  we are also on the popular local online markets, while still being in our regular offices around the world.

    Another aspect of growth is that my daughters, who were going through the business journey with me, have finally finished their training and now running the business better than I was doing with modern technology. So you can see that I have seen the promised land, what is remaining, is to enter into it. We are now a big brand in Nigeria and all over the world. It is indeed a great feat for us to register our products in the American online market, it doesn’t come cheap. You have to be tested, trusted, licensed and approved by FDA. Our products have gone through those processes. We have skin products, health and slimming products and we have our line.

    What is your organisation hierarchy like now?

    The Almighty God is our Chairman and the rest of us are employees. I, as an employee of Quincy Herbal Slimmers, run the operations of the place, while Mrs Tobi Ayodele Keeney and Mrs Marita Abdul join me in directing the affairs along with our Matron, Mrs Comfort Awoseyi, and then the other passionate staff. For products, we have the Slimming Garri. We have been able to do a garri that slims for the Nigerian market. You mix it as if you are drinking garri. But it cannot be made into eba and it is not even made from cassava. The name garri has been adopted because you soak and drink it like garri in cold water. Also, you cannot drink it with fish or chicken like you drink your normal garri. This one, you have to drink it on its own for clinical effect. It contains traditional medicinal plants that reduce weight. There’s Tummy Blaster which takes care of people with potbelly. We also have our damaged skin repairer.

    Some years back, your products were in their natural form, but looking at them now, they are in re-packaged cans, can you explain this?

    My daughter told me that we have to move according to the trend and technology that is going on in the world, it took me about two years to accept that from her. But when she showed me the advantages that will accrue from that, we had to start to implement the new ideas. Initially, though I didn’t listen to her, I told her to leave me alone and let me be carrying my agbo (herbs) around the way it was (laughs). She told me that the way it was, a customer in Ghana or Europe will not be able to buy my agbo, the way I was carrying it around. And in traditional medicine, we have been continuously taught how we should package our traditional medicine. That is one of the requirements that the World Health Organisation puts before us. They told us that it is what they want. So eventually, I had no choice but to listen. But at the same time, I still carry my agbo for the local market and for those who want to see them in their natural form.

    But there used to be the problem of how to access dosage in traditional medicine, have you been able to solve that issue?

    Yes, there is now dosage in traditional medicine. From the packaging that we export, you can see the dosage written on each product. There is actually dosage for our products.

    How were you able to get a consistent dosage for herbal medicine?

    Like I said earlier, my daughter, Mrs Keeney, came into the business with me. She is a scientist who studied in America. We therefore had no choice but to go to the international market to see how they can develop us. And we got developed without losing the originality of the medicinal plants that we use. I insisted that the content of our products should remain original, no additives, no preservatives. We were able to find mentors in the international industry to develop us and re-package our products. Sometimes I wonder why I didn’t do all these in my earlier years. But then again, I think God’s time is the best.

    Over the years, your friends in the society complain that you are always too busy. Now that you have support from your daughters, are you still busy?

    (Laughs) I am still busy. With a mission and vision like this, I cannot sleep until I achieve the mission and goal. I am busy in the sense that it takes a lot to package these products and the process from the farm to the end product is cumbersome. Usually, I love to be there personally to supervise what they are packaging. I usually also test the new products myself before I release it into the market. All these keep me busy.

    What is your idea of success?

    It is the ability to start a project and end it well. My work keeps me busy because I am seeing the result.

    How do you cope as a career woman, a mother, a wife and a grandmother?

    I enjoy what I do; that keeps me going. If I was not enjoying it, there is no way I would have been able to cope. I do not see challenges in my work though there are. I sleep when there is no immediate pressure with work. But if there is pressure, I just keep on working. During the day, I work from different locations. I move from one place to another after work at each point. I also delegate a lot to my staff.

    How about the home front? How does your husband react to your being busy all the time?

    I am still in charge at the home front. After the Almighty God, it is my husband. He has been very supportive; he is also into the business with me. We do everything together. When I am not able to go to meet a particular situation, he stands in for me. That is how supportive he is.

    What is the future like?

    There is future wealth waiting for us and all those who join us. We are looking at a brand that should turn up like the great world brands. Those who started the world’s great brands have died and gone, but generations after are still on it. That is what I’m looking at for the future.

    Where do you find the time to go to the farm?

    That is part of my busy schedule. I still go to the farm because that is where we source all our traditional medicines from. Though for the sourcing, I also use the services of our Herbs and Ingredients Sellers Association of Nigeria, the Elewe Omo. For the medicinal plant that I cannot have the time to go and source, I call them and they source them for me. I know they cannot source fake ones for me. They are still there strong and active.

    But there was a time that you were strong and active in the association too.

    I am still a member and a matron.

    What role do you play as a matron?

    I give them lectures, teach them on medicinal plants, we just had a workshop where we looked at preservation of products, and my daughter normally teaches them hygiene, how they can keep their premises clean so that contamination and diseases can be avoided. My daughter is not only making impact on Quincy Herbal Slimmers, but she is also affecting the association and organising them. The average member in the association is rendering better services to the public now than before.

    But are more people coming into the herbal trade?

    It ought to be increasing; herbal medicine takes time before it yields results. It also requires knowledge. Once there was a rush, people thought I was busy making money, so they decided to come in. But when they came into the business and they gave patients medicine but it didn’t work, they were identified as fake. After some time, the fake ones had to leave.

    We hear that you are still travelling a lot.

    Yes, the activities of the World Health Organisation take me out a lot. I have been to Namibia, Angola, Mali, Senegal, several African countries. I have been to the African Union to deliver papers on traditional medicine. I am also an expert committee member of WHO on the development of African Traditional medicine and practices. I have delivered papers on systems and delivery of health care in the African continent. I have also delivered papers on how traditional medicine can be intergrated into the existing healthcare system.

    Are people embracing the African traditional medicine in other African countries the way it is being embraced in Nigeria?

    In most African countries, people embrace the traditional medicine even more than it is being embraced in Nigeria. And it seems like other African countries patronise it more than Nigeria, even though Nigeria remains the biggest market for traditional medicine. The reason is that though WHO has asked  African member-states to pass Traditional Medicine Bill-a lot of these other African countries have already passed the bill in their countries-but Nigeria is yet to do so.

    Why do you think the Nigerian government is yet to do so?

    I do not know. It is left for the Nigerian government to answer such question. We have put it in, but the bill is yet to be passed. The association has put it in, I do not know all the processes that bill is supposed to pass through, but I know that the Ministry of Health has also done something about it, but the bill is yet to be out. While I was the pioneer Secretary of the National Association of Traditional Medicine Practitioners, the umbrella body, we tried to push the passing of the bill, but nothing came out of it. Perhaps the current executive of the association is presently pushing for it.

    What role have you played in reforming the sector?

    As the secretary then, we were able to register about 5,000 practitioners. We also did a lot to make sure that NAFDAC does not register products without approval from the association and I also ensured that products do not carry spurious claims to efficacy in their advertisement. These were ways of sanitising the practice. We are still waiting for that bill, which will enable us to move faster in our practice in Nigeria.

    How about the education of practitioners?

    I read somewhere that Nigeria is planning to include the teaching of traditional medicine in university curriculum. I think the West African Health Association started that call for the inclusion of traditional medicine in schools across Nigeria, which was also my recommendation at the World Health Organisation level when I did a paper on collaboration. University of Ibadan was mentioned then, and I think if they have started it, then it means we are gradually getting there. But what will expedite action will be the Traditional Medicine Bill.

    Still on education, do you believe that some people could be trained to become traditional medical practitioners?

    In my own case it is in-born but yes people can be trained, but then it has to be people with passion to be in the field. More so when we are dealing with nature. Traditional medicine is different from orthodox medicine. In the former, in treating headache, you have to address the root cause. I believe that God also calls people to particular vocations.  In my case, God called me and I love plants, I love nature. I love greenery. I love flowers because of their aroma. It is from flowers that we get aroma. Flowers are also medicinal plants. No plant is useless. Nothing God created is useless; even those ones that are called weeds are useful. When I go to the farm, before I weed anything away, I look at the weed and try to find a message in them. I ask, ‘weed, why are you growing here?’ And I get the message.

    You mean you talk to the weeds? You talk to plants?

    Yes, I do (laughs).

    How’s life as a grandmother?

    My grandchildren are close to me; I look forward to seeing them regularly. They look up to me to inform them about life in the past. So I tell them moonlight stories, yes, a lot of stories about the Tortoise and they enjoy listening to it. I teach them about the Bible and they ask questions about ‘Daddy Jesus.’ That is how they call Jesus. They are growing and filled with the Spirit of God.

    As a socialite, do you feel compelled to attend parties?

    I do not attend all parties. I have kept a regular list of friends who I have known over the years in the course of my work. I still maintain these friends. You know, it is said that when you are going up the ladder, do not forget the people you meet on your way up. So when any of these friends has an event, I have to be there. And when I am at events I forget totally that I am Quincy, I just enjoy myself.

    Has your style changed over the years?

    I am the same Quincy, the same village girl that pioneered herbal medicine practice many years ago in the country. I have not changed that much. I love bright colours. I have also read a lot about the Chinese traditional medicine that incorporates bright colours, especially in the traditional healing practice, bright colours are symbolic. Such colours have meaning in traditional healing.

    Tell us, how has your background contributed to who you are today?

    My background helped me a lot. God helped me throughout. My father taught me that ‘humility costs you nothing, but gets you everything!’ So right from my humble background, I grew up to see and know that in life, I have to be humble and simple. I naturally take life as it comes. My father taught me that I should enjoy everything I do. I know that I am always in the limelight. Knowing that and also knowing that I am working hard to be there, makes me happy. And I enjoy it. Nothing has changed as far as I am concerned. I like what I am doing; that has helped me to cope with the various responsibilities that come my way. I thank God for giving me the strength to cope.

    What were your childhood dreams?

    Oh that, I had a childhood dream. When I was growing up, my dream was to be in a position where I care for as many as I can. I wanted to be able to cater to people. I wanted to take charge of my life and the lives of people around me and be able to care for them. Then I didn’t know that such dreams will eventually put me in the healing profession, but here I have found myself. So at the beginning, it was all just about caring for people. But now I have found out that caring for people is also about giving people healing and good health.

    What fashion accessories do you not do without?

    I am not very attached. As a matter of fact, sometimes I can go out without using necklace. I have no specific attachment to fashion accessories but I cannot do without perfumes. That has become a habit for me. I find it hard to take my eyes off good perfumes. I love perfumes. I am not a jewellery person. I don’t even buy them.

    Recently you received yet another award in respect of your work.

    There are so many of them. I thank God for those who keep noticing and appreciating our work. It also shows that we are having good impact on people out there. It means that we are having good impact on humanity; that is why the awards keep coming. I pray that I continue to be humble, in the sight of God and in the sight of fellow human beings.

    You travel for international programmes, how do you think that Nigeria is rated in terms of traditional medicine practice?

    In the international industry, Nigeria is seen as a leader in the practice and production of the traditional medicine products.

    And what do you feel about the political state of the country as it is now?

    I am proud of the present leadership of General Mohammadu Buhari and Professor Yemi Osibajo. I like their message of change, and the way they want to change our environment to meet up with the global level. I hope that this present government will not neglect the traditional medicine practice because this industry can be substantiated and enlarged. The medicinal aspect of the practice should be looked into, and not necessarily the fetish aspect. That is because there is money in it, especially now that it has been accepted globally.

    Nigeria can make extra income from exports to add to the GDP of the country. We should not just rely on oil money alone. We used to have the Presidential Industrialisation Committee on Traditional Medicine. I used to be a member of that committee inaugurated by ex-President Olusegun Obasanjo. He asked us to look into ways of commercialising traditional medicine. If the present administration can set up such, that will be nice. If we can commercialise traditional medicine, we will be able to make a lot of money in the country and more people will be employed.

  • ‘Fight off Arthritis with herbal-plants’

    ‘Fight off Arthritis with herbal-plants’

    OYEYEMI GBENGA-MUSTAPHA writes on various types of arthritis and the phytotherapy that can alleviate them.

    Arthritis affects the musculoskeletal system, specifically the joints. It is the main cause of disability among people over 55 years of age in industrialised countries. But due to the husttle and bustle of city life, many Nigerians, as young as 12 years are being diagnosed with arthritis.

    According to a phytotherapist, Dr Francis Elegbuo, of franel food Supplements and Natural Health Clinic, Ijegun, Lagos, the use of herbal-plants in the treatment of various forms of arthritis is efficacious. This is due to their anti-inflammatory or anti-arthritic properties.

    Dr Elegbuo said the word “arthritis” comes from the Greek arthron meaning “joint” and the Latin itis meaning ‘inflammation’. The plural of arthritis is arthritides. He said: “Arthritis is a term that covers over 100 medical conditions. It affects the joints and musculoskeletal system. Most types of arthritis are caused by a combination of factors. These can include genetic makeup, a physically demanding job, previous injury, infection or allergies, certain foods, obesity, autoimmune disease. The most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Any sufferer of arthritis should always be active. Inactivity could harm the health of most patients with arthritis or any kind of rheumatic disease.”

    Dr Elegbuo explained the best way to know if one has arthritis or prone to same, “if you have trouble moving around or feeling pain and stiffness in your body, you could have arthritis. In the majority of cases arthritis causes pain and swelling in the joints. Eventually a swollen joint can suffer severe damage. In some cases, arthritis can cause problems in the patient’s eye, skin or other organs. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and generally affects elderly people. Some forms of arthritis can affect people at a very early age.

    The symptoms of arthritis depend on the type. For example, the symptoms of osteoarthritis develop slowly and get worse as time goes by. There is pain in a joint, either during or after use, or after a period of inactivity. There will be tenderness when pressure is applied to the joint. The joint will be stiff, especially first thing in the morning. The person may find it hard to use the joint – it loses its flexibility. Some patients experience a grating sensation when they use the joint. Hard lumps, or bone spurs may appear around the joint. In some cases the joint might swell. The most commonly affected joints are in the hips, hands, knees and spine.”

    He added: “In Rheumatoid arthritis, the person often finds the same joints on each side of the body are painfully swollen, inflamed, and stiff. The fingers, arms, legs and wrists are most commonly affected. Symptoms are usually worst on waking up in the morning and the stiffness can last for 30 minutes at this time. The joint is tender when touched. Hands may be red and puffy. There may be rheumatoid nodules (bumps of tissue under the skin of the patient’s arms). Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis feel tired most of the time. Weight loss is common. The smaller joints are usually noticeably affected first. Experts say patients with rheumatoid arthritis have problems with several joints at the same time. As the arthritis progresses it spreads from the smaller joints in your hands, wrists, ankles and feet to your elbows, knees, hips, neck, shoulders and jaw.

    “In Infectious arthritis the patient commonly has a fever, joint inflammation and swelling. They will feel tenderness and/or a sharp pain. Often these symptoms are linked to an injury or another illness. Most commonly affected areas are the knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger. In the majority of cases just one joint is affected.”

    Dr Elegbuo said when a child below 12 years has arthritis, it is called Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. “In Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the patient is a child and will experience intermittent fevers which tend to peak in the evening and then suddenly disappear. Appetite will be poor and weight may be lost. There may be blotchy rashes on arms and legs. Anaemia is also common. The child may limp or have a sore wrist, finger, or knee. A joint may suddenly swell and stay larger than it usually is. The child may experience a stiff neck, hips or some other joint.”

    On ways out using herbal-plants, the Phytotherapist said: “Aloe vera is one of the most commonly used herbs in alternative medicine. Known for its healing properties, it is popular for treating small skin abrasions. You may already have a bottle of aloe vera gel in the medicine cabinet from a past experience with sunburn for pain relief. This same type of product may be applied topically to soothe achy joints. Oral aloe vera can cause decreased blood sugar and gastrointestinal side effects, such as diarrhoea. Topical aloe vera use, on the other hand, does not cause any side effects.

    “Cat’s claw is another anti-inflammatory herb that may reduce swelling in arthritis. Traditionally, cat’s claw is used to boost your immune system. In recent years, the immunity powers of the herb have been tried in arthritis. The downside is that cat’s claw may over stimulate the immune system, potentially making arthritis pain worse.

    “Eucalyptus, like aloe vera, is widely available in western markets. It is used in oral medications, and topical oil extracts are used for a variety of conditions. Topical forms of eucalyptus leaves are used to treat arthritis pain. These plant leaves contain tannins, which may be helpful in reducing swelling and the resulting pain that arthritis causes. Some users follow up with heat pads to maximise the effects of eucalyptus on swollen joints.

    “One may have ginger as spice in the cabinet for cooking, but this herb is also a staple in many alternative medicine cabinets. The same compounds that give ginger its strong flavor are also the same ones that have anti-inflammatory properties.

    “Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and has even been used to reduce inflammation in the body. It is possible that green tea can be used to treat arthritis inflammation in the form of beverages, tablets, or tinctures. Tumeric used in cooking to make curry, is a yellow powder made from the related flowering plant. Unlike other types of herbs, turmeric may work best in fighting joint pain when it is taken orally.”

  • Combating threat of toxins on plants, livestock

    Combating threat of toxins on plants, livestock

    The quality of feeds is critical to improved livestock production. Achieving this is becoming difficult because of the threat of natural toxic contaminants in feeds known as aflatoxins which affect crops and animals. Combating this menace was the focus of experts at a forum organised by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Lagos. DANIEL ESSIET reports.

    Mohammed Musa (not real name) was happy when he saw his acre of lush green and well-arranged field of corn and other arable crops.

    His happiness  was  shortlived when   few  months  later,  he saw  somethings that were strange  during  harvest.  The  crops  were  eaten  by  aflatoxins, a fungi which  affects cereal  crops. Though the damage was not much, it still took him a long time to separate the few crops affected  by aflatoxins.

    All over the country, the economic consequences of aflatoxins contamination are profound. Crops affected by it often have to be destroyed or alternatively, they are sometimes converted into animal feed.

    Giving contaminated feeds to susceptible animals can lead to reduced growth, illness and even death.

    One   victim of this misfortune is Olatunde Raheem, a poultry farmer in  Ketu, a Lagos suburb.  He  was  a big  time  farmer and  one of  the biggest  player  in  the  poultry business. All through his  business life, his  birds never suffered   from any  epidemic. He was not expecting it either but like a thief in the night, an aflatoxins tsunami   struck his farm overnight.

    In one fell swoop, he   lost  about  N600,000. The cause  was  attributed  to  aflatoxins.

    Raheem is just one out of the many poultry farmers that have lost their entire life savings to the ravages of aflatoxins.

    Several livelihoods have been lost, tonnes of staple food destroyed and  millions of naira have been lost.

    This development has elicited the attention of experts who are poised to proffering solutions to the problem.

    Speaking during a forum organised  by  the  International  Institute  of Tropical Agriculture(IITA) in Lagos, the    Head of  Technical Laboratory Services,  Animal Care Laboratory, Ogere Remo, Ogun State,Dr  Dotun  Oladele, lamented that poultry farmers in the country have lost substantial investment to aflatoxins attack.

    He  said there were  appalling circumstances where  farmers lost  millions  of  naira  within few  days  of  aflatoxins attack . He told participants that the threat of aflatoxins is real and must be tackled headlong.

    Oladele said aflatoxins affect animal performance and health. Described as  mycotoxins because  they cannot be detected except  through  laboratory  tests, the  veterinary expert  said  aflatoxins  weaken  the animals’ immune system, disrupt   the normal functioning of major organs such  as  the rumen, intestinal tract, liver, kidneys, reproductive system and  nervous system.

    He   said  poultry farmers suffer a  great  deal  from  aflatoxins  threat, adding that  all species of birds are susceptible. According to him, globally, aflatoxins attack is one of the most common poultry threats.

    When crops are attacked, the common symptoms include watery eyes, persistent coughing and gasping. The condition affects egg production and quality with brown broiler eggs turning to white.The consequence is huge financial losses and higher veterinary costs.  His concern, however, was that the situation was likely to get worse as most farmers are still not aware of the problem.

    According to him,  the  threat  is particularly hard to contain once there is an outbreak but added that to prevent it,  poultry farmers have to test feed raw materials, especially sources of protein, carbohydrate and fibre for aflatoxins  level. This would help classify samples for rejection or acceptance.

    Where there are outbreaks, however, he advised that steps be taken to eschew colossal losses. These involve taking a complete history of the case, performing a post-mortem examination and noting the lessons observed.

    On regular intervals, he said farm owners must analyse feed consumed by birds to know the aflatoxin level.

    He said: “There may be need to totally withdraw such feed or change a major raw material which was responsible for high aflatoxins level in finished feed.”

    Indeed, aflatoxins have become a challenge for livestock farmers’ quest  to  optimise production and remain profitable over the long term. Between January 2012 and December 2012, he said a total of 2,403 samples were tested for total aflatoxins  levels at the Animal Care Laboratory, Ogere Remo, Ogun State. The type of samples included,  maize, wheat, rice and corn offal, poultry and fish feed,  indomie waste among  others.

    For  him,  if the livestock  industry is to  tackle  the  threat  of  aflatoxins  and  remain  profitable,  it is imperative for farmers get as much help as possible. On the whole, he said  it was worth testing for in both grain and pelleted feedstuffs.

    A food safety expert and  former chairman, Mycotoxicology  Society  of  Nigeria, Prof Stephen Fapohunda said farmers face difficulties  controlling the  threat as they are not easily noticeable on  time.

    He  said  carrying  preventive measures  during planting makes  it  easy to control, adding that   farmers needed to get their risk assessments right ahead of harvest. Fapohunda said  compulsory tests at mills would  help  to  control the  impact  of the  fungi. He noted that it was important growers recognise the value of the risk assessment as it will continue to play an important part in managing the risk of aflatoxins. In particular, he said risk assessment during pre-harvest would   ensure that the likelihood of any  aflatoxins  problem is accurately taken into consideration.

    He said  procedures to be followed at different steps of processing in the plant such  as  receipt of materials, storage, distribution, pest control, maintenance of plant and machinery, personal hygiene, training , traceability, labelling, various critical points  among  others were also vital.

    He warned that farmers could lose their farm assurance status if tests indicate high aflatoxin levels.

    Fapohunda stressed the need   to spread awareness among  processors, traders, exporters and farmers to control quality of crops during production, storage and processing and sensitise them about aflatoxin contamination in the supply chain.

    Leader, AgResults Aflasafe Team, IITA, Ibadan, Debo Akande said when crops become infected, they show symptoms of head blight and  may have individual bleached spikelets or partially bleached ears. At harvest, this could result in pink or white shrivelled grains. However, he said it was possible for aflatoxins  to be present without  discoloured grains.

    In Nigeria,  he   said  an  between 40 to 60 per cent  of maize has unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin. The contamination, he noted, has harmful health effects for consumers and growers.  Akande  said  a  bio control product, Aflasafe, developed by IITA and other partners has  reduced aflatoxin contamination of maize by between 80 and 90 per cent.

    According  to him, the   AgResults Aflasafe Project is providing incentives to small farmers  adopting  the  biological control innovation. It focuses on consumption  and production impact of aflatoxin reduced maize.

    So far, he   said  few maize-producing organisations and farmers are aware of the aflatoxin problem or unwilling to invest without confidence that there will be a market for aflatoxin-free crops. At the same time, he said regulators are constrained in their ability to enforce limits on aflatoxin contamination. He   said  the  Aflasafe Pilot was implemented across  the country by four different aggregator entities, with varying results.  He  explained  that  the  United  States (U.S.) acceptable limit for aflatoxin concentration is 20ng/g. He said: ”Every implementer’s average was well below this limit, except for one Babban Gona sample, two Kaduna CADP samples, and one Kano CADP samples that exceeded this limit. On average, Aflasafe effectively kept Aflatoxin levels well below the U.S. acceptable limit contrary to sampling trends in previous analyses.”

    He   said  10 implementers  are   working with  more  than 4000 farmers this  year; 24 implementers  with more than 18,000 maize farmers next  year and 36 implementers with more than 36,000 maize farmers in 2016.

    He said  the  project   expects   80 tonness of aflasafe will be applied to an average of  8000 hectares of farmland this  year; 540 tonnes to an average of 54000 hectares of farmland in 2015 and 10800 tonnes of aflasafe to an average of 108000 hectares of land in 2016.  This year, Akande said  the  project  is  working  on  producing  29,000 tons of aflasafe treated maize.  As  multiplier  effect,  he  expects  490,000 tonnes of low-aflatoxin maize to  be produced over a four -year period by  36,000 small farmers.

    A group, Alliance for Green Revolution (AGRA) said  premature harvesting and poor storage techniques of grains are the main causes of the aflatoxin poisoning in maize.  AGRA has now teamed up with local cereals boards in an initiative dubbed ‘storage and post harvest management.’ The initiative educates farmers on handling grains before and after harvesting and advises on the right conditions to store them.

    The AGRA initiative will also sensitise farmers on gauging the right moisture content before harvesting their grains. “At harvest the grain’s moisture content shouldn’t exceed 13.5 percent,” the  organisation said.  However, most farmers unknowingly harvest early when the moisture content is over the 13.5 per cent mark or end up storing maize in damp environments.

     

  • Fed Govt urges states to build waste plants

    Fed Govt urges states to build waste plants

    The Federal Government has urged governors to build waste disposal plants in their states.

    It also urged Nigerians to be conscious about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in their homes and communities.

    The Minister of Environment, Mrs. Laurentia Mallam, spoke at the commemoration of this year’s National Environmental Day in Kogi State.

    She said the construction of waste disposal plants by state governments would enhance the Federal Government’s participatory approach in the fight against unsafe environmental conditions.

    In a statement yesterday in Abuja by her Special Assistant (Media), Josephine Lohor, the minister said: “I want to seize this opportunity to call on all state governors to key into the Kogi State example by setting up waste recycling plants. I am happy that waste is indeed going to be turned into wealth. Development is coming to the area where the factory will be sited, as this is being done for the benefit of the people.

    “It is my ardent belief that environmental health problems can be effectively brought under control by instituting effective collaborative measures at federal, state, and local government levels through the development and empowerment of environmental health units nationwide.”

    The minister explained that clean and healthy environment makes a wealthy nation.

    She said: “Our health and wealth are in our hands as we cannot afford to play with our destiny.”