Tag: risks

  • Sex and the risks

    There was a mix up in the introductory portion of the first part of this article; the correct sentence is“superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but competency(sufficiency),lives longer”. The error is regretted. The takeaway message from that quotation taken from William Shakes speare’s comedy book; Merchant of Venice as applied to sex is that it can indeed be excessive and too much sex has its consequences. Added to that is the fact that though, young boys and men may not know it, too much sex by way of frequency, associated with ejaculationor not, can be harmful to human health.

    Complete copulatory sex occurs through a cycle and several stages of the cycle have been studied to make the work of sex therapist much more scientific and less subjective. It is essentially a matter, of ask-give receive, or give-receive ask give , depending on how it started. Though it will not be very appropriate to discuss them in any details here,it will be sufficient to say that at one time or the other during the sex cycle, nearly every major organ in the body is involved. Of particular importance are the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, the penis, clitoris, vagina, the spine which contains the spinal cord. These structures and their repertoire of blood vessels and nerves are recruited into action during sex, Little wonder then that a young man who has diabetes mellitus and allows himself to take a few bottles of beer while partying with friends may be courting  very serious danger if  under the influence of Alcohol he goes further to engage in passionate physically demanding sex. He may go into coma from which there may be no recovery.

    The risk of dying while having sex, copulatory or non-copulatory is increased for certain individuals and conditions  as hereunder:

    Age

    Erectile dysfunction or persistent inability to achieve and maintain penile  erection is a major problem now tormenting men ,the world over. More common after the age of 40, it is one reason many men are killing themselves with sex stimulants . Women are partly to blame for the amount of indecent exposure available for people of all ages to see. However, they (women ) argue that it is the ultimate responsibility of every man to know himself. Arguably,It is unreasonable for a man older than 50 to expect that his sex drive and performance will be the same as it was when he was 20 years old; libido and performance will wane with age, and while a wife of similar age may understand and wait patiently, a young lady with mountains of energy and sex drive will not . A  man will  resort to all sorts of ways and means to match a young and energetic wife . Many of these ways  are capable of leading  to untimely death

    Genetics

    As stated earlier, being a male of African descent is on it’sown a risk factor for many diseases of the heart and it’s blood vessels. The black male is naturally endowed with sex organs which on the average are remarkably sizeable and efficient . Perhaps it is wise to remember that the maker designed the African males so no one has it all. And so from all over the world, there are more males of African descent dying from complications associated with sex performance enhancing drugs

    Alcoholics

    For the African male, the geometry or Anatomy of the heart is not exactly the same as what you find in a White man of the same age. The pace maker in the heart(SAN) is set to kick start the heart earlier and to make the heart beat faster, Beyond that, the male African is more predisposed to have abnormal pacemakers, or double conduction pathways (wolf Parkinson white syndrome), etc. Because it requires expensive equipment to diagnose many conditions of the heart, many patients are not aware they are not as strong as they think. Alcohol increases heart rate, causes its blood vessels to relax and widen. It stimulates the brain and then later depresses it. It may, therefore, stimulate the man, and then while the spirit is willing, the flesh is too weak to respond. The man goes for more alcohol until he goes into coma, or the heart beats faster and faster until it stops(from excessive stimulation)

    Men In Primary Seated  And Standing Occupations

    Men whose jobs require sitting down or standing for long periods of time as required by occupation are liable to problems of the lower part of the spine. A common symptom being low back pain. As they grow older, the problems are likely to get worse even to the extent that the bones may shift from normal positions. Because the spine is like a beam, it requires one little snap as may occur during one memorable time of wonderful sex and death may occur or paralysis from waist down may pacify the man.

    Underlying Medical Conditions

    Diabetes Mellitus  and Hypertension

    Diabetes and hypertension occur frequently in the Nigerian African, mostly separately but sometimes together. Scientists and physicians think that the connection may lie somewhere between the small  blood vessels and the equally tiny nerves that keep them alive. What ever the case, it is safer for couples  to go slow and easy on sex if the man is obese, has diabetes, mellitus, hypertension, or both. Inability to achieve and maintain erection is very common among patients undergoing treatment for these conditions, including obesity. It is important to note that many  of the drugs used in the treatment of many conditions such as hypertension, and others like peptic ulcer which incidentally is most likely to  afflict  the man whose blood pressure is chronically high have a major side effect; they cause impotence, the man has difficulties getting an erection, or if he manages to have one, it is not strong enough for him to achieve penetration or maintain it. Again, he needs an understanding wife to keep his marriage. If she complaints, it gets worse. He is forced to resort to drugs, that  will further give him stress and the  effect is to increase his blood sugar ,  increase his blood pressure, death

    Obesity

    Whether it is Gyenoid or Truncal obesity, it is bound to affect the heart and the blood vessels, truncal obesity being much more dangerous. Sex on it’s own is a form of exercise. Tolerance and exhaustion after any exercise characterize obesity, particularly when BMI is above 35. Death during sex, worse after a meal and wine is not uncommon in obese men.

    Adult  onset Asthmatics

    Asthma, characterized by difficult, noisy and wheezy breathing is  a medical condition that is generally understood to be inherited. It is now believed that it could be acquired as a result of persistent exposure to various allergens. Even early exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics is being increasingly recognized as a risk factor for developing asthma. Because of the similarities in morphology between muscles of the heart and the respiratory tree, adult onset asthma is particularly dangerous as it may actually be coming from a poorly treated or undiagnosed heart condition. An attack can occur any time, but not frequently during sex because the stress response to sex, has a protective effect, but not when the system is over stretched . It will not be out of place to suggest that affected individuals  should be smart enough to ensure they have a cup of inhaler or  nebulizer close by when necessary

    Sickle cell disease . Patients with sickle cell disease; the heterozygous AS or homozygous SS have issues with flow properties of blood(haemorheology). Particularly for those with SS, there is a possibility of throwing emboli, and developing stroke. This is not to say that they should avoid sex. There are many AS African males who have four to seven children or more and never suffered any  of the crises that take sickle cell patients to Hospital . Moderation is  simplythe watch ward.

    Drugs

    Sex steroids, morphine, and other pain killers have body building as well as performance enhancing properties, and hence, users are mainly athletes and footballers. What these drugs or preparations  also do and which unfortunately is usually untold is that they can kill at any time, mostly while the user is actively performing. Staying away from them is the best decision any young person can make

    Sex Toys/sex Games/experiments

    All you need to do is watch the DSTV cable program; “1000 ways to die” and the import of the message will hit you without pain. Sex toys ,games and experiments are designed to make men ,but particularly women express extremes of pleasure. The risk of dying from multiple organ failure as the body is pleasured  may be rare but very real.

    Multiple Partnerscommercial Sex Workers

    Commercial sex workers can be brothel based, where they do their business out in the open and  in certain locations, or non brothel based, where you have to be an ‘area piper’ or belong to know them from other women. What is common to them however is that, they are willing to do any thing anytime, any where and at whatever price. That price may be the death of the young man who wants something new ,strange or different from sex. Those who patronize commercial sex workers often complain that they no longer find  their wives  or partners of many years sexually appealing. Unfortunately the excitement and peaks of pleasure derivable from the uninhibited sex available from these people come with no emotion whatsoever . They take control of every thing including the  capacity of a client to negotiate himself out of danger. Sex in such circumstances clouds judgment and even the strongest of men may become willing to pay more to have extraordinary sex ,even when he knows he might die in the course of it.

    Same-Sex  Partners

    For reasons not yet fully understood, individuals in same-sex relationships have many issues to contend with. Partner fidelity, disclosure status and peculiar ideations feature prominently in the intuitive perceptions capable of flaring when such individuals are behind closed doors.

    Sex Fights

    Strangely, some individuals grow up with certain patterns of behaviour considered deviant or abnormal depending on the society. Some women become interested in sex or get turned on only after a quarrel or a fight, with a partner, husband or wife. It might be alright for young couples, but for older men, a sudden rise in blood pressure occasioned by a strong argument may rupture the blood vessels of the brain. Bleeding into the brain may go on silently for some time and then progress to a major blow out like a burst pipe later during sex, and commonly at some time in the night when help is difficult to find.

  • Analysts outline risks, benefits of SAHCO IPO

    Sky Aviation Handling Company (SAHCO) Plc has potential to deliver 28.44 per cent capital appreciation of the current price of its Initial Public Offering (IPO) but investor also must consider downside risks that may impact the performance of the company.

    Analysts at Cordros Securities Limited stated that SAHCO has strong potential to sustain growth in the years ahead given its exposure to long-term expansion of air traffic, improvement in macro environment, relatively under-geared balance sheet and its competitiveness enhanced by IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations (ISAGO) registration.

    According to the investment analysis, a valuation shows a target price of N5.97 per share for SAHCO in the immediate future, representing an upside of 28.44 per cent on its IPO price of N4.65 per share.

    “We have valued SAHCO using a pure-Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation methodology, evaluating the company’s assets across its ramp and cargo handling business, in addition to future investments. Our positive investment case for SAHCO centres on the fact that the company represents a long-term play on air traffic and aviation industry growth and benefits from high barriers to entry,” Cordros Securities stated.

    The report, however, identified key downside risks to include weaker-than-expected macroeconomic performance, susceptibility of operations to labour action, revenue downside from potential insolvency of some airline customers and regulatory risk.

    SAHCO is offering 406.074 million ordinary shares of 50 kobo each through an IPO at N4.65 per share. The IPO is an offer for sale, implying that the net proceeds of the IPO will go to the existing majority core investor in SAHCO, which is divesting partially to allow retail minority ownerships. Application list for the N1.9 IPO closes on December 19, 2018.

    SAHCO was privatised by the Federal Government in 2009. Sifax Group acquired the entire share capital of the company. The Share Sale Purchase Agreement (SSPA) however,, mandates the majority core investor to divest 49 per cent of the shares of the company to the general Nigerian investing public.

    The report noted that SAHCO has become somewhat of the ‘poster-child’ for privatisation, stemming from its incredible turnaround in performance in a short period since the government’s divestment.

    According to the report, management of SAHCO has stated its intention of sustaining the company’s impressive post-privatisation performance, listing key strategic goals to include expansion of revenue, cost control and reduction, customer satisfaction and stability and sustainability.

    The report pointed out that SAHCO has a positive long-term growth outlook citing the transformation in the Nigerian market, which appears to be promising for SAHCO.

    According to the report, Nigeria’s aviation market is the third largest in Africa. Although relatively cyclical, the sector has a recorded a 10-year GDP CAGR of 9.0 per cent, almost double the national GDP CAGR of 5.0 per cent. Nigeria has huge potential to become an aviation hub for Africa, using its natural advantages such as its central location on the continent, huge population and a growing middle class.

    “As the second largest aviation ground handling service provider in Nigeria, SAHCO is well positioned to benefit from the expected long-term expansion of air traffic growth and demand for travel to, from and over Nigeria and the West African region. With respect to Nigeria air traffic trends, growth is expected to rebound after a more depressed period reflective of macroeconomic development,” the report stated.

    The Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) expects air traffic growth of 20 per cent for 2018 compared to 2017, on the back of improving business confidence, positive policy reforms – ease of doing business, visa on arrival – as well as development of infrastructure.

    “In our view, the Nigerian market is transitioning, from an economic standpoint – following three challenging years – and 2018 and beyond appear to be promising years for SAHCO to take advantage of. Firstly, we see economic growth benefitting from higher government and private sector spending, both riding on improved revenues from crude oil. Secondly, improved oil earnings should further improve FX liquidity and sustain stability, after the volatile era,” Cordros stated.

  • Report: militancy, political uncertainty pose risks for businesses in 2018

    Investor sentiment across West Africa may experience uplift in the new year, following Nigeria’s exit from recession this year.

    Still, political uncertainty ahead of Nigeria’s 2019 presidential elections and on-going security concerns are among the key risks for businesses  in the region, Control Risks, a specialist global risk consultancy, has said in its yearly political and security risk forecast titled: ‘RiskMap.’

    According to Control Risks’ Senior Partner for West Africa,  Tom Griffin, this year has been tough  for businesses. He however, said that with Nigeria exiting recession, and foreign exchange shortages easing, “We see a strong improvement in investor sentiment emerging.”

    Griffin said another major engine of growth will be Cote d’Ivoire, where economic expansion is projected at around seven per cent next year.

    He said there would be only a handful of elections in the region next year, meaning continuity would largely prevail with policy decisions having the biggest impact on the business environment.

    In Nigeria however, though presidential elections are next slated for 2019, campaigning has already started.The uncertainty that generates, as well as the need for cash that an election brings, mean that political instability and regulators whose actions will be difficult to predict remain among our top risks for businesses in the year ahead,” Griffin said.

    Control Risks in the forecast accessed by The Nation identified terrorism and militancy, irregular regulators and political instability, among others, as key risks facing businesses in West Africa next year. Specifically, it said business assets and personnel in West Africa will remain vulnerable to attacks by transnational or domestic militant groups.

    The report said al-Qaeda and its affiliates would continue to threaten operators in the Sahel, while the oil and gas industry in Nigeria’s Niger Delta would remain exposed to attacks by domestic militant groups. “Failure to resolve the underlying political and socio-economic grievances at the root of these movements will see the threat persist in 2018,” it warned.

    Control Risks added that as countries in the region, notably commodity-dependent economies, face growing fiscal pressures, operators are likely to see regulatory bodies increasingly act as revenue-generating bodies, strengthening local content provisions, introducing stricter fiscal terms, reviewing contracts or erratically imposing fines in companies in the hope of boosting state finances.

    Noting that this would give rise to commercial disputes, legal challenges, and the need for businesses to engage with government stakeholders, the report added that protracted political and socio-economic grievances will continue to fuel popular discontent and a desire for regime change in parts of the region.

    It pointed out, for instance, that Cameroonian President Paul Biya’s re-election bid amid a continued crisis in the Anglophone regions would exacerbate tensions, while Togolese would continue to protest   the end of the 50-year-old Gnassingbé dynasty.

    “Protests will pose security threats to businesses, while regime changes would prompt major institutional changes and complicate engagements for operators,” it warned.

    Continuing, Control Risks said new sectors would throw up new risks in the coming year. It said from Senegal’s offshore potential to the country’s embryonic mining sector, some countries would be foraying into previously-undeveloped sectors in 2018. It, however, advised that prospective investors need to monitor closely how the government’s ability to oversee these sectors evolves and what the associated risks around these projects become.

    On operational risks, the report said many of the major risks  businesses face in West Africa were  impediments to operations. It listed some of them to include shortages of or difficulties in sourcing fuel, foreign currency, equipment and skilled labour.

    The report further noted that infrastructure deficits that persist in the majority of the region, such as in electricity and transport, would continue to mean higher costs, higher demands on management resources and a tougher capital-raising environment, as well as greater uncertainty for businesses than in other regions.

    According to Control Risks, many countries in Africa, Nigeria and Cameroon among them, face the prospect of what could become a sovereign debt crisis, a decade after they followed Ghana’s lead in entering the international bond market. “The problem is driven by high levels of external debt, persistent uncertainty over the recovery of commodity prices to fund repayments, and borrowing to fund recurrent expenditure,” it said.

    While pointing out that countries dependent on oil revenues are particularly vulnerable to ballooning debt in 2018, the report said in Nigeria and Ghana, plans to borrow to finance long-term infrastructure will not generate sufficient revenues in the coming year to finance debt repayments.

    “Amid rising inflation and muted oil prices, Nigeria’s debt servicing payments – which in 2016 doubled to 66 per cent of total revenues – are likely to rise further, placing extreme strain on an already stretched budget.

    “With the government of President Muhammadu Buhari well over halfway through its term, yet to fulfil many of the promises that brought it to power and already entering campaign mode, businesses in Nigeria will remain acutely sensitive to political and operational instability in 2018,” the report added.

  • FBN Holdings eyes better returns with less risks

    FBN Holdings Plc, the holding company for First Bank of Nigeria and its former subsidiaries, has started implementation of key growth strategies that are expected to significantly reduce non-performing loans to single digit and simultaneously grow returns to shareholders considerably in the years ahead.

    The management of FBN Holdings yesterday presented the underlying facts of the group’s operations to the investing public at the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The financial services holding group said the ongoing growth strategies will boost its revenue and shareholders’ value, starting from the current business year.

    Group Managing Director, FBN Holdings Plc, Mr. UK Eke, said non-performing loans (NPL) would reduce to single digit within the next 24 months on the back of active remediation of top exposures. Already, about five per cent of the loan book has been restructured with oil and gas loans constituting 70 per cent of the restructured portfolio in 2016.

    He outlined that the group has set out six key targets that will reinforce the group’s overall performance in the years ahead including a single digit NPL, cost of risk less than two per cent, cost to income to be less than 50 per cent, enhanced revenue, return on equity to be greater than 20 per cent and improved dividend distribution.

    He added that the company is addressing the needs of its customers and stakeholder in delivering structural changes in risk-taking culture, processes and oversight; maintain sustained improvement of cost and capital efficiency; enhanced revenue growth across the group and create digital competency to enhance revenue and service delivery.

    Eke added that the subsidiaries under the Holdings company will execute innovation project to identify new revenue streams, saying there is a plan across the group to grow  20 to 25 million customer accounts within the current strategic cycle.

    He said that the company will focus on improving revenue generation across the group noting that the group’s investment banking and insurance businesses have been showing improved performance with 11.5 per cent and 18.7 per cent growth in revenue.

    He said that the group will draw on its extensive commercial banking retail network to deepen market penetration across the group pointing out that the group has started to reap benefit of its digital banking strategy with increased contribution from e-banking solution.

    The group’s firstmobile/online platform has seen some 900,000 users enrolled since inception in September 2015. With one million digital customers, there were 19.7 million transactions in 2016.

    Eke said one of the group’s priorities is to attract 25 per cent of the bank’s active customer base to digital channels by 2019 and to reach the unbanked and under-banked through agent banking.

  • Managing risks in agro-food chains

    Dangote tomatoes processing factory in Kano was shut down in 2016 due to unavailability of tomatoes. This was caused by a tomato disease that ravaged northern Nigeria. I wondered why Dangote Group could not do a risk analysis for their plant before take-off. If they did, it should have been obvious that disease is a big risk factor in agro-food chains. It would have made them to prepare a plan B – importing from neighbouring countries? Maybe they thought “It will not happen in Jesus name”, as Nigerian Christians often say, hence, were caught off-guard. This intervention is for actors in the agri-food sector in Nigeria (farmers, trader, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers), operating in our risky environment, surrounded by unforeseen events.

    “If I knew that broiler chicken prices were going that high, I could have reared more chickens.’’ Such a statement is common with value chain actors, who never foresee the future, and regret their poor judgement. Making decisions would be easy, if we are sure of the outcome.  However, decision-making process in agribusiness is not easy. Outcomes may be better or worse than expected. Nonetheless, we must make decisions and act, even with the risks. So, what are the risks?

    Agro-food value chain risks are numerous. They include: Production risks from excessive or insufficient rainfall, extreme temperatures, pests, and diseases, technology change that may fail; threat of obsolesce of machinery; asset risks (fire and theft), and non-farm sector developments. Price and market risks occur in situations where farmers plant crops and rear livestock but at harvest for sale, prices crash, or a sudden increase in input prices, after production had been planned, based on lower prices.

    Institutional risks emanate from sudden changes in policy and laws that affect agriculture e.g. laws guiding pesticide and drug use, ban on agricultural imports, government prices, income programs, tax, credit, and environmental policies.

    Human risks result from change in business objectives or illness and death of the agribusiness owners.

    Financial risks deal with how a firm’s capital is obtained and financed e.g. increase in interest rate and erosion of owner equity value.

    Occurrence of risks create impacts. Negative impacts create increased costs, reduced sales, prices and profits. There are positive impacts too. Good agribusinesses take risks to achieve better profits. The riskier the business, the higher the profits. The risk takers carefully manage risky but potentially profitable situations. So, who are the risk takers?

    Based on risk-taking behaviour, actors can be identified as risk avoiders, daredevils, adventurers and calculators. Avoiders are very cautious, expecting the worst to happen and never take avoidable risks. They miss economic opportunities and are contented just surviving. Daredevils take unnecessary risks, ignore facts and fail, for lack of precaution. Adventurers take challenging risks with excitement and actively look for opportunities to do so. They may keep the stakes to reasonable levels through business planning. Adventurers take risks, if financial survival is not at stake, but under external pressure, may become less cautious. Calculators understand they must take risks, yet, recognize different degrees of risk in situations. Before acting, they gather information, realistically analyze the odds, and try to reduce risks to acceptable levels. Most farmers are calculators. So, how do calculators manage risks for better profits?

    Good risk takers in agro-food chains manage risks in several ways:

    Choosing low risk activities by undertaking only part of farm activity with low risk e.g. planting climate resilient and disease resistant crops and rearing disease resistant livestock.

    Enterprise diversification through engaging in many farm enterprises at a time, so that if one fails, others will succeed e.g. mixed farming.

    Geographically dispersing production by spreading agribusiness activities across locations to avoid negative impact of localized weather and business environment.

    Selecting and diversifying by selecting production practices that are effective in different situations e.g. prophylactic drug use, to prevent disease outbreak and periodic maintenance to avoid machinery breakdown.

    Maintaining flexibility in marketing and financial decisions but specialization hinder flexibility.

    Obtaining good market information from commodity markets, outlook information and chatting services. The market information must be combined with other actions.

    Participating in government programmes for protection from downside prices through price support, loan programs, target prices, and in-kind payments.

    Spreading sales by making several sales of a commodity in year, instead of once, to guarantee average prices that are close to season average price.

    Forward contracting through input and output forward contracting to guarantee annual price stability.

    Hedging by giving up the chance of a very high price to be protected from a low price.

    Options trading provides actors secured price insurance. Options will not always guarantee a profit but allow agribusinesses to share in favourable prices.

    Insurance provides specialized liquidity and protection against specific losses. Insurance buys protection through payment of premium e.g. medical disability and fire insurance for buildings.

    Maintaining reserves to provide liquidity during adverse times e.g. inventory reserves (stored grain).

    Pacing investments by postponing capital expenditures, withdrawals for consumption and taxes.

    Acquiring assets through leasing rather than purchasing.

    Limiting credit and leverage by putting limits to loans. Limits are imposed by the entrepreneur or lender.

    Off-farm jobs held by actors to increase the firm’s capacity to bear risks and supplement income.

    Effective risk management entails anticipating difficulties and planning to reduce the consequences, by protecting actors from negative impacts of their decisions. In gaining protection, part of the potential gain is given up as risk management costs. Usually, chain actors prefer avoiding losses and benefiting from favourable events simultaneously. This is can be difficult to achieve. The trade-off is to manage risks effectively without unduly sacrificing gains. To achieve optimum results, integrated risk management strategies, that combine different risk responses, should be used. This is because no single risk response can provide protection from all risks. But, the strategy should reflect your goals, personal and financial circumstances.

     

    • Dr. Ingweye is of Department of Animal Science,

    University of Port Harcourt.

  • Risks of rogue precedents in corruption fight

    SIR: Fighting corruption is a matter of law and order.  Still in any democracy, constitutional dictates remain supreme. If the constitution does not grant certain enforcement powers, they don’t exist; and policies or actions advancing such powers are deemed unconstitutional. The recent raid-arrest of some serving and suspended judicial officers and the manner in which the raids were conducted by agents of the Department of State Services (DSS), has provoked animated debate that goes beyond fighting corruption. Questions are being asked: Were such raids and arrests within the constitutional remit of the DSS?

    Without prejudice to the rule of law and the right to prosecute the judicial officers for whatever crimes they allegedly committed, there is due process and statutory regulations for dealing with judicial officers who run afoul of the law.  The extant regimes are underpinned by the Principles of Democracy, Separation of Powers and the Rule of Law as enshrined in the 1999 Constitution. Yet, critical views persist; including those from the Nigerian Bar Association, contending that due process was not followed, despite claims by DSS to the contrary.

    Prevailing fixation with fighting corruption in Nigeria by any means possible, has led some commentators to seek to subjugate the rule of law to such whims. In a democracy like ours, such whims are not just capricious, but profoundly dangerous.  The greater danger lies not in arbitrary raids, arrests or prosecutions, but in the implications of insinuating rogue precedents into our law enforcement modalities: precedents, which if unchallenged will certainly undermine ordered liberties.

    Nobody is above the law; certainly not judges. And public officials who enjoy prosecutorial immunity are clearly delineated in the Constitution.  However, every Nigerian citizen is protected from arbitrary arrest, unlawful search and seizure, the right to counsel, presumption of innocence, and the right against self-incrimination. Were these rights accorded to the judicial officers?

    With the arrests, comes the perception or suspicions of double standards.  The judicial officers were unlikely flight risks, as affirmed by their consequent release on personal cognizance. Why then were their homes raided in the dead of the night? Why were senior military officers -retired and serving – accused of weightier corrupt offenses never subjected to similar raids? Is law enforcement now selective?

    Corrupt judges like any corrupt public servant, should be prosecuted and jailed, if guilty. But if there were procedural or substantive breaches of ordered liberties in the arrest of the judges, it would be wrong to let those breaches stand in the name of fighting corruption. There’s also the issue of full disclosure. Nigerians need to know the magistrate or judge of a competent jurisdiction who signed the search and arrest warrants; and of the petitions and affidavits that triggered the investigations, raids and arrests.  As the National Judicial Council (NJC) indicated, “The impression created and widely circulated before the public that the DSS forwarded a number of petitions containing various allegations of corrupt practices and professional misconduct against some Judicial Officers to the Council, and they were not investigated, is not correct.” The NJC has urged the DSS “to make public the particulars of such petitions to put the records straight.”

    As a matter of policy and best practice, security agencies must come clean to remain credible on such anti-corruption matters. If mistakes were made, it’s easier to admit so, apologize and move on.  For now, there are challenges; questions persist as do doubts.  The DSS side of the story seems a tad fuzzy. For those Nigerians who believe their story, no explanation is necessary; and for those Nigerians who disbelieve their story, no explanation is possible. Nonetheless, the greatest danger to our nation, constitution, law enforcement and the anti-corruption war, is to allow the entrenchment of rogue precedents and worse still, to allow such precedents to gain currency and assume validity.

     

    • Oseloka H. Obaze,

    Awka, Anambra State.

  • Social medicine: Sex and the risks

    “Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but competency (sufficiency),lives longer”. The take away message from that quotation taken from William Shakespeare’s  comedy book ; Merchant of Venice as applied to sex,is that it can in deed be excessive and too much sex has its consequences. Added to that is the fact that though, young boys and men may not know it, too much sex by way of frequency, associated with ejaculationor not, can be harmful to human health.

    Complete  copulatory sex occurs through a cycle and several stages of the cycle have been studied to make the work of sex therapist much more scientific and less subjective . It is essentially a matter , of ask-give receive, or give-receive ask give , depending on how it started. Though it will not be very appropriate to discuss them  in any details here,it will be sufficient to say that at one time or the other during the sex cycle, nearly every major organ in the body is involved. Of particular importance are the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, the penis, clitoris, vagina, the spine which contains the spinal cord . These structures and their repertoire of blood vessels and nerves are recruited into action during sex, Little wonder then that a young man who has diabetes mellitus and allows himself to take a few bottles of beer while partying with friends may be courting  very serious danger if  under the influence of Alcohol he goes further to engage in passionate physically demanding sex. He may go into coma from which there may be no recovery.

    The risk of dying while having sex, copulatory or non copulatory is increased for certain individuals and conditions  as hereunder:

    Age

    Erectile dysfunction or persistent inability to achieve and maintain penile  erection is a major problem now tormenting men ,the world over. More common after the age of 40, it is one reason many men are killing themselves with sex stimulants . Women are partly to blame for the amount of indecent exposure available for people of all ages to see. However, they (women ) argue that it is the ultimate responsibility of every man to know himself. Arguably,It is unreasonable for a man older than 50 to expect that his sex drive and performance will be the same as it was when he was 20 years old; libido and performance will wane with age, and while a wife of similar age may understand and wait patiently, a young lady with mountains of energy and sex drive will not . A  man will  resort to all sorts of ways and means to match a young and energetic wife . Many of these ways  are capable of leading  to untimely death

    Genetics

    As stated earlier, being a male of African descent is on it’sown  a risk factor for many diseases of the heart and it’s blood vessels. The black male is naturally endowed with sex organs which  on the average  are remarkably sizeable and efficient . Perhaps it is wise to remember that the maker designed the African males so no one has it all. And so from all over the world, there are more males of African descent dying from complications associated with sex performance enhancing drugs

    Alcoholics

    For the African male, the geometry or Anatomy of the heart is not exactly the same as what you find in  aWhite  man of the same age. The pace maker in the heart(SAN) is set to kick start the heart earlier and to make the heart beat faster, Beyond that, the male African is more predisposed to have abnormal pacemakers, or double conduction pathways (wolf Parkinson white syndrome), etc. Because  it requires expensive equipment to diagnose many conditions of the heart , many patients are not aware they are not as strong as they think. Alcohol increases heart rate , causes it’s blood vessels to relax and widen. It  stimulates the brain and then later depresses it. It maytherefore stimulate the man, and then while the spirit is willing, the flesh is too weak to respond . The man goes for more alcohol until he goes into coma, or the heart beats faster and faster, until it stops(from excessive stimulation)

    Men In Primary Seated  And Standing Occupations

    Men whose jobs require sitting down  orstanding for long periods of time as required by occupation, are liable to problems of the lower part of the spine. A common symptom being low back pain. As they grow older, the problems are likely to get worse even to the extent that the bones may shift from normal positions. Because the spine is like a beam, it requires one little snap as may occur during one memorable time of wonderful sex and death may occur or paralysis from waist down may pacify the man.

    Underlying Medical Conditions

    Diabetes Mellitus  and Hypertension

    Diabetes and hypertension occur frequently in the Nigerian African, mostly separately but sometimes together. Scientists and physicians think that the connection may lie somewhere between the small  blood vessels and the equally tiny nerves that keep them alive. What ever the case, it is safer for couples  to go slow and easy on sex if the man is obese, has diabetes, mellitus, hypertension, or both. Inability to achieve and maintain erection is very common among patients undergoing treatment for these conditions, including obesity. It is important to note that many  of the drugs used in the treatment of many conditions such as hypertension, and others like peptic ulcer which incidentally is most likely to  afflict  the man whose blood pressure is chronically high have a major side effect; they cause impotence, the man has difficulties getting an erection, or if he manages to have one ,it is not strong enough for him to achieve penetration or maintain it. Again, he needs an understanding wife to keep his marriage. If she complaints, it gets worse. He is forced to resort to drugs, that  willfurther give him stress and the  effect is to increase his blood sugar,  increase his blood pressure, death

     

     

    Obesity

    Whether it is Gyenoid or Truncal obesity, it is bound to affect the heart and the blood vessels, truncal obesity being much more dangerous. Sex on it’s own is a form of  exercise . Tolerance and exhaustion  after any exercise characterize obesity, particularly when BMI is above 35. Death during sex, worse after a meal and wine is not uncommon in obese men.

    Adult  onset Asthmatics

    Asthma,characterized by difficult,noisy and wheezy breathing is  a medical condition that is generally understood to be inherited. It is now believed that it could be acquired as a result of persistent exposure to various  allergens . Even early exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics is being increasingly recognized as a risk factor for developing asthma. Because of the similarities in morphology between muscles of the heart and the respiratory tree, adult onset asthma is particularly dangerous as it may actually be coming from a poorly treated or undiagnosed heart condition. An attack can occur any time, but not frequently during sex because the stress response to sex, has a protective effect, but not when the system is over stretched . It will not be out of place to suggest that affected individuals  should be smart enough to ensure they have a cup of inhaler or  nebulizer close by when necessary

    Sickle cell disease . Patients with sickle cell disease; the heterozygous AS or homozygous SS have issues with flow properties of blood(haemorheology). Particularly for those with SS, there is a possibility of throwing emboli, and developing stroke. This is not to say that they should avoid sex. There are many AS African males who have four to seven children or more and never suffered any  of the crises that take sickle cell patients to Hospital . Moderation is  simplythe watch ward.

    DRUGS

    Sex steroids, morphine, and other pain killers have body building as well as performance enhancing properties, and hence, users are mainly athletes and footballers. What these drugs or preparations  also do and which unfortunately is usually untold is that they can kill at any time, mostly while the user is actively performing. Staying away from them is the best decision any young person can make

    SEX TOYS/SEX GAMES/EXPERIMENTS

    All you need to do is watch the DSTV cable program; “1000 ways to die” and the import of the message will hit you without pain. Sex toys ,games and experiments are designed to make men ,but particularly women express extremes of pleasure. The risk of dying from multiple organ failure as the body is pleasured  may be rare but very real.

    MULTIPLE PARTNERS COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS

    Commercial sex workers can be brothel based, where they do their business out in the open and  in certain locations, or non brothel based, where you have to be an ‘area piper’ or belong to know them from other women. What is common to them however is that, they are willing to do any thing anytime, any where and at whatever price. That price may be the death of the young man who wants something new ,strange or different from sex. Those who patronize commercial sex workers often complain that they no longer find  their wives  or partners of many years sexually appealing. Unfortunately the excitement and peaks of pleasure derivable from the uninhibited sex available from these people come with no emotion whatsoever . They take control of every thing including the  capacity of a client to negotiate himself out of danger. Sex in such circumstances clouds judgment and even the strongest of men may become willing to pay more to have extraordinary sex ,even when he knows he might die in the course of it.

     

    SAME SEX  PARTNERS

    For reasons not yet fully understood , individuals in same sex relationships have many issues to contend with . Partner fidelity, disclosure status and peculiar ideations feature prominently in the intuitive perceptions capable of flaring when such individuals are behind closed doors.

    SEX FIGHTS

    Strangely, some individuals grow up with certain patterns of behavior considered  deviant or abnormal depending on the society. Some women become interested in sex or get  turned on only after a quarrel or a fight, with a partner, husband or wife. It might be alright  for young couples, but for older men, a sudden rise in blood pressure occasioned by a strong argument may  rupturethe blood vessels of the brain. Bleeding into the brain may go on silently for some time and then progress to a major blow out like a burst pipe later during sex, and commonly at some time in the night when help is difficult to find. Risky as it might appear to be, it is recommended that young couples avoid  same position, same place and same time for sex. Just as unsafe sexual experimentation can result in disaster, a woman needs some pleasant surprises at times and may be too shy to suggest to Husby that she was no longer sexually aroused because sex had become too much of a routine. Moderation, understanding and communication that can be described as honestly honest are the necessary ingredients for safe and sound legitimate /spousal sex

     

     

  • Sex and the risks

    A wise man in one of his books writes; “superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but sufficiency leaves longer”; and a  preacher in one of his prescriptions  for practical Christianity says, “sufficient unto the day is of the evil one”.

    Current situation as concerns the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is that adolescent males now drive the pandemic. Strained and in distress from prevention fatigue, many more young male Nigerians are having unprotected sex, contracting  the virus and increasing the illness and death statistics.  There are  nownew problems , calling for new approaches and review of current strategies. Emphasis has been on creating awareness in order to bring about relevant changes in patterns of behavior, but because awareness does not necessarily translate to knowledge, many of these young Nigerians now have their own interpretation of safe and safer sex . They have resorted to taking a few antiretroviral drugs, before, during and after sex as a way of  avoiding contracting the virus. The many poorly understood mechanisms of action of these drugs and the very high failure rate when used  without supervision  will not deter them.  They would be disappointed if they were informed that even if a Surgeon  operating on a patient that has HIV mistakenly cuts himself  and takes  these drugs almost immediately, there is still  a 75% chance that he will develop HIV/AIDS.The waning efforts of relevant agencies to sustain the HIV/AIDS awareness tempo may be making matters worse. And so unfortunately, people have come to think of HIV/AIDS now as just another form of TYPHOMALARIA .

    Other issues  have  emerged ,and many sexually active men are  dying atop or underneath women while having sex. As is usually the case with underdeveloped countries, many  of these deaths are not being reported. A number of  factors may orchestrate to increase the risks of dying from sex, and these ones have little to do with whether or not people are having sex without protection. Questions are being asked as to what category of people are dying from sex, what is killing them and what can be done to stop or reduce these deaths . Finding answers to these questions may appear simple , but on deeper considerations, not so easy. In any case, the issues are worth considering.

    Legitimate  spousal sex, between consenting partners , and from appropriate relationships is good for  the body and nourishes the human brain. In fact, research has affirmed that   a happily married  man or woman who has sex regularly with her husband or wife and actively participates  in it,is more likely to live longer compared with others. However, apart from the risks of contracting deadly sexually transmitted infectious agents, sex in whatever form as long as it involves two or more individuals can be  as dangerous as it is pleasant, and how much is too much determines whether or not a man or woman  dies or lives while having sex. In some  livingorganisms, nature  makes provision for male and female members of the specie to mate only once and after that  one or both dies. Studies  in rats  have demonstrated that excessive indulgence in sex by way of frequency could be harmful to health .  Male Rats  induced to engage in frequent  ejaculatory sex with female rats tend to die young, compared with others of same age not so treated. Though these reports have not been adequately investigated in humans because of the difficulties  involved in controlling  for many confounding variables in experiments involving humans, they are interesting enough to provoke common sense and stimulate thinking. This has become relevant, as  it is becoming increasingly realized that sex is sending young and middle aged boys and men to the emergency(casualty) rooms of Hospitals and Clinics all over the world.  For many of the cases that have been seen, death and disabilities have been observed  during sex or a few minutes after climax. Victims have also been observed to have used Alcohol, aphrodisiac supplements and other performance enhancing drugs of different dosage  formulations . When men die while doing it , not much is  talked about or disclosed about  the women involved.People  have begun to wonder if  men are  simply being driven crazy and into early graves  because women are becoming more beautiful, but less chaste and inclined to value systems ,or  men have become dangerously addicted to sex, because something  yet to be discovered has emerged to distort the normal regulatory control of testosterone along the HypoThalamoHypophysealGonadadal axis.

    A woman’s appetite  for and demand for sex depends on many factors, including  among others, age, sex,  genetics, gender, religion, culture, occupation, environment, peer influence, life style and education. Ageand  genetics require further details.  Some women are naturally more sexually active compared with others of the same age. Something in the genes of a particular person  may have been programmed by the maker, to function at a level and with frequencies remarkably different  from others, and yet  considered normal . This explains why you have the Nuns of the Catholic faith, and why for some women, one orgasmic coitus  a week is enough where as, for others, every intimate contact must result in orgasmic sexual intercourse. Beyond that, ayoung woman that is beyond the age of puberty ,but not any where close to menopause is more likely to be sexually active with a strong appetite for sex compared with the one in the transitional menopausal period , whose hormone levels, in particular, estrogen will have begun to decline substantially.

    Every normal  youngfemale within the reproductive age  bracket(15-45years) ovulates  about the middle of her menstrual cycle(usually 14 days before the next menstrual bleeding). For ovulation to occur, there has to be a surge in one {leutenizinghormone(LH)}of the  two hormones involved in menstrual cycle regulation. This hormone first acts on certain specialized cells of the ovary to produce male hormones(androgens), from which the hormone estrogen is released into the blood. At the level of the brain, this body chemical though predominantly a male  hormone, the much  that is left in the brain of a woman  during this period , serves to increase her appetite  for sex. From this brief explanation , it can be seen  and  understood  why at certain periods in every month, some  women may find themselves overwhelmed by the urge to have sex , and why some may  need to struggle  harder than others  to bring themselves under control so as not to do unthinkable things. As long as  exposure to Alcohol, drugs and other  sex stimulants is avoided as much as possible, self control is achievable in all circumstances . Problems arise when in unguarded moments  a young lady gets introduced to strange patterns of behavior and the individual gets into  unending and uncontrollable desire for sex, from one cycle to another, bulldozing men, old and young as she hops from one bed to another

    For  the Nigerian African  male individual who is young and  biologically  functional , sex is something to be enjoyed ad infinitum even unto death. The African woman equally believes rightly or wrongly that under any circumstance, the black man is as strong as igneous rock when it comes to sex, and should be able to perform even when he is apparently too ill to do so. Under the unrelenting push of testosterone; the predominant male hormone, there is that feeling of immortality  and competitiveness among men that when  a  man irrespective of age  finds himself in a situation that is sexually suggestive, all fear is gone and caution takes back seat.  The positive effect of testosterone on male libido begins to fall by about age 25 years, but many individuals only begin to experience symptoms by the time they are concluding their 30th birthday celebrations;the problems declaring themselves by way of  problems getting and maintaining erections, first occasionally and then with increasing frequency. It is at this point that death comes knocking at the door, depending on the marital status of the man , type of marriage and most importantly the character and age of his partner.

    As will be explained later, men ,and in particular those coming from the African continent(Blacks) are more likely to die while having sex, compared with men of similar age from the White race. One reason for this is that the black man is  genetically designed to die from problems associated with blood pressure, blood sugar, weight and the heart. The probability istherefore high that at the time of the sexual encounter, the black maleindividual compared to a white man of the same age and body size,  is more likely to have an undiagnosed metabolic disease such as Hypertension or Diabetes . He is more likely to be sexually aggressive and adventurous in bed as he tries to prove one thing or another before his partner. Though not invariable, the black male is also more likely to have multiple sex partners and be  using  fake or expired  performance enhancing drugs about which little information is available to him.

    There are certain individuals who believe that women; young ,and middle aged  are killing men with sex ; they argue that improved awareness of the modern woman  about sex has made it difficult to  control her appetite for sex ,even legitimate sex. Some have argued that compared with the past, women of the present time have become difficult to satisfy in bed. Asked why she had lost interest in sex, a young woman once told a  court judge  that she had become sick of the monotony of same pattern, same place, same night, same style, nothing new. Rather than change, husband asked for marriage dissolution, because, wife had unknowingly given herself away as a cheating housewife; probably having been taken to hotels by men in her place of work

    Others believe that men have become so addicted to sex that, even when during a particularly intense sexual encounter they see death coming , they are unable to help themselves .

     

    To be continued

  • Commodity exchange’ll limit risks, says expert

    Strengthening the nation’s commodity exchange will provide the much-needed financial assistance to small-holder farmers and limit risks in the agric sector, Programme Coordinator, Farmers Development Union(FADU), Elder Victor Olowe has said.

    He said commodity exchanges could help farmers manage cropping decisions which is likely to improve their access to finance.

    He called on the government to empower the Abuja Commodity exchange so it cans become a platform to attract agricultural investments, aside from the provision of a ready market and formalisation of commercial activities.

    One of the features of the system, according to him is the warehouse receipt system, whereby farmers will be provided with receipts based on the food crops that they deposit

    With the warehouse receipt system working, he said farmers can make cropping decisions when the right demand is reflected in price signals, thus reducing inter-seasonal volatility characterising agricultural production, and smoothing producers’ incomes over time.

    He noted, however, that commodity prices are quoted in distant places and as such Nigerian farmers who are price-takers are often deprived of higher profit margin by foreign buyers using exchanges.

    To make it work, however, he said the sector needs infrastructure to improve grading and certification of commodities traded on the exchange to help streamline quality of produce to gain value for international markets.

    A Consultant to German International Co-operation (GIZ) Sustainable Cocoa Business programme, Mr Dayo Mejabi Ekundayo, said the commodity is a key part of modernisng the whole agricultural marketing system.

    According to him, improving warehousing, storage, logistics, crop quality and farmer financing are all critical to the success of the venture.

    He said promoting the commodity exchange would create an orderly, transparent and efficient marketing system for the nation’s agricultural commodities and encourage market access and fair returns for smallholder farmers.

    He said it would facilitate the formalisation of informal agricultural trading activities.

  • Enyeama risks ban

    Enyeama risks ban

    Chairman of the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF) Disciplinary Committee, Barrister Christopher Green, has revealed that Super Eagles goalkeeper, Vincent Enyeama, could be banned from appearing for the national team in future.

    The NFF announced on June 20 that Enyeama has been summoned before its disciplinary committee on Tuesday, June 23.

    Enyeama was queried by the NFF for comments relating to safety and security in Kaduna, venue of Nigeria’s first 2017 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) qualifying match against Chad.

    The LOSC Lille goalkeeper failed to reply the query and has now been asked to appear before the disciplinary committee tomorrow.

    Speaking exclusively to supersport.com, chairman of the committee, Green has now revealed that failure to appear before the committee could result in a ban, for Enyeama, from turning out for the Super Eagles in future.

    “Yes, that (recommending that Enyeama is stopped from playing for Nigeria) is an option but right now, I would rather wait until after the meeting on Tuesday,” he said.

    The NFF’s disciplinary committee chief also took the time to address the fine of $5,000 USD slammed on midfielder, Ogenyi Onazi.

    Onazi was punished after receiving a straight red card in the game against Chad for scuffling with Les Sao’s Massama Asselmo in the 81st minute.

    The SS Lazio man claimed afterwards that he was elbowed by Asselmo but Green was not impressed.

    “Would Onazi have done that if he was playing at his club? The truth is some of our players don’t show the required amount of discipline when they play for the national team.

    “These things will no longer be condoned because without discipline, nothing positive can be achieved,” he said.