About 20 per cent of African countries’ total needs are being spent on climate adaptation, which is more than their fair share without any support from the international community. A new study by the United Nations (UN) has revealed.
Early findings from the study, jointly commissioned by the UNDP Regional Office for Africa, and the African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) at the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) to review African commitment to adaptation, have, therefore, dismissed the insinuation that African countries are not investing in their climate adaptation responses and are instead waiting on the international community as recipients of support.
“African countries are already spending between 2 to 9 per cent of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on adaptation, thus reducing the potential impact of climate change by more than 20 per cent,” Dr Johnson Nkem, a Senior Climate Adaptation expert at the ACPC told PAMACC News at the ongoing climate negotiations in Bonn, Germany.
The UN study is being implemented by two United Kingdom (UK) centres – Climate Scrutiny and Mokoro – to provide estimates of Africa’s public expenditure on adaptation as a proportion of the total cost for adaptation.
Although the level of investment as a proportion of the GDP expenditure varies among countries, it ranges between 2 and 9 per cent of GDP; and represents more than other forms of expenditure in public services such as healthcare and education.
“This contribution is significantly higher than the adaptation resource flow from international sources,” Nkem said.
The study, therefore, recommends that the disproportionate share of investment in adaptation as opposed to its smallest share of contribution to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, needs to be fully recognised and boosted under global financing mechanism for climate response, especially under the implementation of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs).
Some of the study’s key findings are that, African countries are already making a major contribution to adaptation that constitutes; that for Africa as a whole, the estimated adaptation gap is about 80 per cent; and that the adaptation gap is greater than 90 per cent in nine countries. Most of these countries face major exposure and sensitivity to climate change risks as well as fiscal challenges.
Countries that have reduced the potential impact of climate change by more than 20 per cent, include those with low climate change risks like Liberia, Namibia and Zimbabwe; high expenditure, for example Ethiopia, Gambia, Zambia and lower risk and good expenditure countries like Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda.
The objectives of the Review of African Commitment to Adaptation was to provide some initial estimates of the current spending on adaptation by African governments, and to assess the extent to which the funding meets the scale of the adaptation challenge as determined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other assessments.
According to Nkem, there is a growing political will and socio-economic motivation in addressing climate change in Africa’s development agenda as demonstrated by the level of public expenditure on adaptation to climate change in the continent.
He pointed out that most adaptation expenditure in Africa is primarily linked to development expenditure, which provides good benefits with current climate conditions.
Estimates of the adaptation expenditure were provided by classifying the most recent public finance data, preferably actual expenditure data, rather than budget data, if it is available.
Actual data for 10 countries, and data obtained from the internet for additional 24 countries were used for the analyses in this study. The entire analyses in the study do not include expenditure by development partners that are outside the budget.
The study noted that despite its miniscule share of responsibility for the causes of climate change, Africa has always been labelled as a tenuous recipient of development assistance, with unending expectations of support in addressing climate impacts on its development.
While this stigma is baseless, it remains to be fully disbarred, using empirical studies demonstrating regional investments for climate adaptation by the countries.
- Courtesy: PAMACC News Agency
