Sir: President Olusegun Obasanjo, in February 2005, convened the “National Political Reform Conference.” The gathering was an avenue to re-assess, refocus, redefine, and redesign Nigeria’s political landscape in a way that would strengthen the bonds of unity.
Four hundred and two delegates attended the conference, held between February and July 2005. Copies of the report from that conference were submitted, but nothing substantial happened afterward.
President Goodluck Jonathan convened another conference in 2014. The panel, headed by retired Chief Justice Idris Kutigi, was tasked with advising the government on the framework for a national dialogue. The conference, attended by approximately 500 delegates, proposed substantial reforms. These included scrapping the current system of 774 local authorities to reduce corruption and save costs, creating 18 new states, revising revenue allocation, decreasing the federal government’s share of national income while increasing those of the states, and modifying the presidential system to include parliamentary elements.
Other key recommendations encompassed power sharing and rotation, specifically advocating that the presidency be rotated and governorship circulated among three senatorial districts in each state. These proposals aimed to promote greater representation, equity, and national unity. But after passing over 600 resolutions and producing a 10,335-page report submitted to the presidency, the recommendations were never implemented.
On October 1, 2024, President Bola Tinubu, following the tradition of past leaders, addressed the nation. Among numerous pronouncements, the president declared a National Youth Conference to assemble youths from across Nigeria for meaningful conversations that drive nation-building.
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In economic terms, recent statistics indicate that more than 40% of Nigerian youths are unemployed. This figure could potentially be higher, considering the ongoing challenges the nation faces in data collection and storage. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), a staggering 63% of the population—approximately 133 million individuals, nearly six in ten Nigerians—live in multidimensional poverty, with the majority being youths. Will poverty be a subject on the conference’s agenda?
# The student loan scheme through the Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND) does not cover the 20.2 million uneducated young Nigerians, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Will this also be a subject of debate?
The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) reported in 2023 that approximately 14.3 million Nigerians are involved in drug abuse, predominantly young people. Regrettably, one in four women is also said to participate in this harmful practice.
Despite youth affirmative action policies aimed at ensuring 30% representation in the public sector—including federal and state executive councils, boards of parastatals and agencies, and local government councils—and 35% representation in political party leadership positions, electoral bodies, and legislative assemblies for individuals between 18 and 35 years, there remains a significant issue of gross misrepresentation and inadequate youth participation in governance and decision-making.
A host of other issues also affect Nigerian youth, including migration for greener pastures, cultural limitations, child marriage and early pregnancy, cybercrimes, youth radicalization, the place of young Nigerians in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), as well as the erosion of cultural identity and values. These are all worthy of deliberation.
As of the time the president promised to work toward modalities for this conference and the selection of delegates in “close consultation with our young people through their representatives,” scepticism looms large.
At the State House in Abuja earlier this month, the president inaugurated the planning committee of the National Youth Conference, tasking the youths—whom he described as the “heartbeat of the nation”—to seize the opportunity to redefine their future.
Nigerians keenly await the modalities that will be set by the committee. What is the model for selecting delegates? What would be discussed during the 30-day duration proposed for the conference? While every youth awaits a response, it is pertinent to mention that numerous issues affect the youth, who make up over 60% of the federation’s population.
Our hopes lie in the words of Eric Teniola, a seasoned columnist, who said after the 2014 National Conference: “A conference will not solve all our problems, but it will give us a platform to exchange ideas and maybe iron out our differences. A conference may halt our present drift to anarchy.”
It is our hope that this National Youth Conference will be ‘The Conference that Breaks the Myth’ of unyielding conferences in Nigeria.