Tag: tramadol

  • Codeine and Tramadol alternative medicine options (3)

    Nigeria’s war on Codeine and Tramadol is still raging like an inferno. Hundreds of defaulting pharmacies and patient medicine stores have been shut, contraband with triple digit millions of Naira have been seized at the ports, few arrests have been made, radio and television talkshows, like newspaper reports, are still right on the mark, and the drugs law enforcement agencies have promised to keep cracking the nuts in Lagos State.

    The government has promised to build a rehabilitation centre for people who are to be weaned off drug abuse.

    Three weeks ago, this column began to contribute its quota to the resolution of what appears like corruption and bad governance, to be tearing the society apart. The series, which will be concluded today, is examining options in Alternative Medicine and Traditional Medicine to Codeine and Tramadol.

    The second feature ended in the exploration of natural cough recipes. The third continues from there.

    We cannot assemble Alternative Medicine recipes for cough without providing a place of pride on the shelf for Bryophillum pinatum, which goes by interesting common names.

    Among them are Air plant, Life plant, Miracle plant and Resurrection plant. This plant is called Air plant because it appears to draw its sustenance from the air.

    If you place one of its leaves on a table, it would begin to sprout and grow within a few days. It does not matter if you place that leaf between two pages of a book and close the book. The leaf would grow. Besides, it would appear to be a long-living plant, which is why it may have been seen and called Everlasting plant or Life plant.

    I had a whole flower bed of Air plant for more than 10 years when I lived at Awuse Estate in Opebi, Ikeja, Lagos. When I moved house to my present residence where I have lived for more than 10 years, I took them all along.

    It doesn’t surprise me that they are all still doing well. Afterall, aren’t they Life plant or Everlasting plant?

    In my early days at Opebi, I knew this plant more as an hypotensive plant, that is a plant which knocks down hypertension. And I approached it with caution lest an overdose of it knocks out a person like me who has a tendency to be hypotensive at a 110/70 blood pressure which, these days, even tend to plumet to 90 something over 60 something when I tend to overdo certain herbs. One day, I learned that these herbs could be good for asthma as well. One woman who was passing by my residence sighted it in the flower bed outside the house and sought my permission to pick a few. When I asked her what she wanted it for, I got this new insight. I was later to learn that this herb is well known in many villages.

    In these villages, mothers use its juice to treat ear ache in infants and children. They find it useful, also in the treatment of umbilical cord pain. How is it used for these conditions? The leaf has a juice walled in on all sides by the leaf which thickens towards the exterior. The juice may be obtained by washing the leaves clean of dust and germs, usually in Saline (table salt) solution, rinsing them in clean plain water and, then, placing them on the cover of a pot on a lit stove or gas cooker. The indirect heat in no time softens the leaf like an ice cube in the scorching, tropical African sun. The juice is then easily pressed out into a container. In the village, it is mopped with cotton wool and, from this dispenses, pressed into the aching ear in small amounts or dropped in the troublesome navel and massaged into the skin. This has led me to suggest that adults who are challenged with umbilical hernia may try it as a recipe.

    As a cough remedy, the juice may be mixed with honey or with lime or lemon or any other helpful juice, or even palm oil.

    I may return to this later, meanwhile, I would like to say that I have not mentioned why Byophillum pinatum is called a Miracle plant. This was to prevent the overwhelming of its use as a cough remedy by its other beneficial uses which, in some herbal medicine literature, number more than 100. Yes, more than 100; one of these uses is the treatement of leukemia or cancer of the blood, in which Byophillium pinatum may go well with Bone Marrow Meal and Stinging Nettle, for example. Another beneficial use is in the treatment of kidney stones. Other conditions it may help include Vaginal Infections, Headaches, Hypertension, Boils, Urinary tract disorders, bleeding, diarhoria, white nails, liver challenges, ear ache, heart conditions, tooth ache, intestinal worms, diabetes, constipation, chest cold, shortness of breath, bronchitis, insect bites, skin bruises, ulcers, excess mucus and eye pain (when the juice is rubbed on and around the closed eyelids).

    From the foregoing, this is, indeed, a Miracle plant, a Life plant, an Everlasting plant and Air plant, and a plant which goes by many more accolades. Although Euro-American historians of medicinal plants gives its origin to Madagasca, Nigerian villagers knew of this plant and used it long, long before they knew of the existence of Madagascar.

    It is a pity that, in the general laziness which envelopes the nation today, and which Nigerians vehemently protect against when they are told that they are a lazy people, this country does not have larger agricultural medicine plantations of this plant, as we find them in Asia, Europe and the Americans.

    From one leaf of this wonderful plant, it is possible to generate millions of its leaves in one year.These can be industrially processed into powder, tincture, tablets, capsules, water extracts (and what have you) to meet specifications of whatever treatment it is intended for.

    Rather, we would, like mentally colonised persons, prefer to input Codeine and Tramadol which are now laying to monumental waste the brains and mind and health of our people, young and old.

     

    Pain

     

    Inflammation of tissue causes pain, and inflammation comes from irritation. Thus, in addressing pain, blocking or suppressing it is not the ideal therapy. The ideal approach is to remove causes of irritation and then to support the body’s anti-inflammatory process. Clearing irritation has to do with detoxification, a subject always addressed by this column, some agents of detoxification often mentioned include Chlorella, Cilantro, Wheatgrass, Chlorophyll, Chelated Zinc, distilled water, reverse Osmosis water, alkaline water, lime and lemon juices, Apple cider vinegar, detoxification diets, fasting etc. Anti-inflammatory support for detoxification of irritants in pain therapy benefits form. Omega -3 fatty acids in either fish oil, Flax seed oil, Udo’s oil or Hemp (not Indian hemp) oil. There are, besides them, anti-inflammatory herbs, such as Orange peel powder, Wheat grass, Chlorella, Alfalfa, Bromelain from Pineapple, and of course, Caspicum from red Pepper. This is not to mention the armoury of essential oils and cell or tissue salts.

    We cannot forget dear, old Small flowered Willow herb, that anti-inflammatory and anti-pain plant which Europeans have taken for centuries to shrink enlarged prostate glands, a component of many proprietary blends, old and new, of prostate health formulas and, last but not the least, the source of modern -day anti-coagulant, anti pain Pharmaceutical drug, Aspirin.

    In his book,  YOU’RE NOT SICK, YOU’RE ONLY THIRSTY, Dr. Batmanghelidj provides the anchorage with the cheapest medicine … Water. YOUR BODY’S MANY CRIES FOR WATER tells us there is no bodily pain rehydration cannot resolve. They cover neck pain, digestive system pain (dyspepsia), lower back pain, false appendicitis pain etc. the process of the occurrence of each pain type is as well medically described as is the relevance of drinking water to resolve it.

     

    Depression

     

    Modern medical science accepts that depression is not madness, a case in which an earth-bound soul or spirit takes over part or the whole brain of a person to subject the victim to a dual personality occasionally or perpetually. An earth-bound spirit is a person who has left the earth through death but who, rather than continuing his or her life’s journey in another sphere of existence in the process of perfecting himself or herself, chooses to or is forced to remain on this earth, without a physical body to indulge in his or her propensities. Such a disembodied, earth-bound person then seeks to use another person’s body to manifest on earth. The opportunity for this is provided, sometimes by depression, or through weakened blood radiations of the victim.

    Doctors help such people through sedation which makes the encroaching soul abandon his or her victims body as unusable in that period. But the encroachment may happen again if the circumstances become favourable, especially when radiations of the stars permit it.

    Today, we speak of sickness in body, Soul and Spirit. Depression does have origin in all these spheres. If the body is not well nurtured, rested or protected from harmful environment, its chemistry may change and alter hormonal profiles in a way that may literally turn the brain upside down. I have seen cases of headaches and depression which clear up when an overload of Candida in the organs or in the bloodstream is cleared up. The same goes for massive yeast infection. According to some American doctors, it takes them about one year of detoxification to obtain good results as candida and other yeast forms, including fungi, are difficult to uproot. A tell-tale candida build-up may be persistent headaches or gray tongue called Oral thrush.Vaginal Candidiasis is another tell tale. So is systemic Candidiasis, when the Candida has taken root in many organs.

    Some signs of depression are tiredness, lethargy, solitude, ingratitude, irritability, mental blankness, large or poor appetite, lovelessness, tendency for violence, soliloquing, (speaking to, or with oneself) fear or schizophrenia, hallucination, suicide thoughts and tendencies, among many others.

    With regard to lethargy and indifference, I have experienced the cases of two women who did not care that they were menstruating, messed up their beds and settees in the newsroom, one was a lawyer who was jilted by her boyfriend. The other one was talked into abortion by her boyfriend when they were university undergraduates, and then jilted. The lawyer could gulp one big bottle of rum in 30 minutes, while you are talking with her. Happily she has picked up the pieces of her life and married. The other girl, too, has emerged from her stupor. I lost contact with the third woman whose father had to ensure no-one kept used engine oil around, because she liked to sniff and drink it. There was, also, a young man who was very close to his father. When the old man died and the remains were buried, the young man lost his mind. He would not agree to wear clothes. So, his mother and siblings organised for him to be locked up in a room in their house.

    Talking about the relationship of bodily health and depression, Maria Treben says in the HELP THROUGH GOD’S PHARMACY that ”the great neurologist Dr. Wagner Jauregg said in his witting, all two-thirds of all mentally ill persons would not go to a mental home had they healthy kidneys”. She adds: … Up to now, I have been able to advise my unhappy people who, through kidney disorders, suffer from depression, delusions and fits of rage and would have ended up in a mental home but for Horsetail Sitz baths for this conditions, besides Yarrow and Stinging Nettle teas, a cup of Horsetail tea should be drunk mornings and evenings”. This is detoxification.What affected the kidney may affect any other organ of detoxification (the lungs, the liver, the intestine and the skin).

    Toxins the kidneys couldn’t flush out in the urine may be disturbing the brain, causing pain and lowering energy output, for which narcotics are sought. What affects the kidneys may affect the adrenal glands situated on top of them. The adrenals help us to cope with stress. If they are stressed up or burnt out, the body and the brain would cave in.

    We cannot address depression on a wider basis today. It is a whole subject, and even more, on its own. I would like to add, nonetheless that our doctors are doing a wonderful job in Psychiatric hospitals to help many affected people reclaim their health and sanity.

    Many of them should suffer no relapse not only if they avoid those circumstances which did them in, but, also, if they support their mind, nerves, body and brain with the right nutrients. It is advisable that they give up bread, milk, refined sugar, fried and processed foods, and add organic fruits and vegetables to their diet. They need for their brains and nerves Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Lecithin, Alpha Lipoid Acid, Lion’s Mane Mushroom, Magnesium, Omega – 3 oils. Regarding diet, complex carbohydrates are said to boost serotonin levels in the brain.

    Kale boost Dopamine level in the brain.  S-A denosyl methionine (SAME) helps production of brain chemicals which makes us happy and balance our mood.

    Ginkgo biloba promotes blood circulation to and in the brain, apart from supporting the work of brain chemicals. So do B-Complex vitamins, especially B6, B12 and Folic acid.

    Depression found its way into this concluding part of the series on Codeine and Tramadol because many of the people who abuse them eventually become depressed. As I stated earlier, depression is a huge subject which cannot be fully addressed in literature such as this. So, it will be explode again sooner than later.

  • Tramadol, Codeine:  Reps propose N2m fine, two years jail-term for offenders

    An amendment bill that passed in the House of Representatives Tuesday has proposed a N2 million fine and a 2-year jail term for offenders of the ban on Tramadol and Codeine

    The bill which seeks to amend the Food, Drugs and Related Products (Registration, etc) Act Cap. F33 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004 to review the penalties and confer jurisdiction on High Court of the State to try offences under the Act, was sponsored by Hon. Betty Apiafi (PDP Rivers) and passed second reading Tuesday.

    The principal act regulates the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, sale or distribution of processed food, drug and related products and their registration.

    In the lead debate on the bill, Apiafi said: “In Nigeria, between January and December 2015, Ibe thousand and forty-four (1044) patients were admitted for treatment in the 11 treatment centers currently part of e Nigeria Epidemiological Network  of Drug Use ( NENDU)  reporting system.

    Read Also:Codeine ban: NDLEA arrests 17 suspects

    “28.3 percent of the patients had an opiate addiction and the opiates were mainly prescription Medicines: Tramadol (71 percent as 1st most frequently used substance and specified), Codeine (15.1 percent) and Pentazocine (9.9 percent), Heroine and Morphine represented only 3.3 percent of t opiates declared,” she said.

    She added that since 2015, Codeine has nearly overtaken Tramadol as the most abused opiate in Nigeria. “Thousands of young people in Nigeria are addicted to Codeine cough syrup- a medicine that has become a street drug. Three million bottles are drunk everyday in Nigeria’s North alone, according to a recent Nigerian government report.”

    She also noted that the World Health Organisation, WHO estimated in 2011, that 64 percent of antimalarial drugs in the country were found to be counterfeit.

    “it is assessed that counterfeit drugs provided approximately $75 billion  in revenue annually to illegal operators and have caused more than 150,000 deaths worldwide,” Apiafi said, adding that ” we legislators must also do our part in this war against commercialisation of illegal unregistered food and drugs.”

    Sections 6, 7, 9 and 13 of the Principal Act were amended in the new bill which the lawmaker said was birthed 25 years ago and had never seen any amendment or reform till date.

    The new bill stipulates penalties for individuals up to the tune of N500, 000 or a prison term of 2 years or both; and in the case of a corporate body, all the directors, managers. Partners, trustees etc would be guilty of an offence and would be punished as it they had committed the offence themselves.

    The bill was referred to the House committee on Healthcare Services after it was passed by majority of members in the floor.

  • NDLEA impounds 159m tablets of Tramadol

    The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) has seized 159 million tablets of Tramadol at Apapa Port in Lagos, Director, Technical Services, Mr. Femi Oloruntoba, has said.

    He spoke in Abuja at a public hearing organised by the Senate Joint Committee on Drugs, Narcotics and Health.

    Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever used to treat or moderate severe pain.

    The public hearing was based on a motion: “The Need to Check the Rising Menace of Pharmaceutical Drugs Abuse among Youths in Nigeria”.

    Oloruntoba said 50 tonnes of Tramadol was destroyed in Kano.

    He said there were laws guiding the use of controlled drugs, such as Tramadol and Cocaine, adding that what is needed is enforcement of the laws.

    “In 2016, about 31 substances were abused in Nigeria,” Oloruntoba said.

    He noted that drug is on the exclusive list and should not on the concurrent list, adding that if it’s done, there will be anarchy.

    The director said only the Federal High Court had jurisdiction to try drug cases and described it as “a challenge”.

    He said because the cases could not be prosecuted in a magistrates’ court, most of the time the Federal High Court was congested.

    Oloruntoba urged the Federal Government to increase the number of judges in the Federal High Court to try cases of drug abuse.

    The President, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, Ahmed Yakasai, called for the drafting of a prescription policy to curb drug abuse.

    “We are trying to see where we have prescription policy. If we have this policy, we will know who is doing what,” he said.

     

     

     

     

     

     

  • NDLEA raises alarm over use of under-aged children in hard drug peddling

     

    The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Oyo State Command, has raised alarm over the use of under-aged street children in the sale of hard drugs in the state.

    Mrs Mutiat Okuwobi, the Public Relations Officer (PRO) of the command, raised the alarm in an interview with the Newsmen on Thursday in Ibadan.

    Okuwobi said the trend had posed very serious danger to the state and called on parents not to allow their children turn into street urchins.

    “In some areas you will find that street children are used to perpetrate sales of hard drugs; most of these children are under-aged.

    “They don’t really start out by using the drugs but they help in selling it, especially marijuana or cannabis sativa. These children are supposed to be in school,” she said.

    Okuwobi also decried the high rate of use of drugs among adults and adolescents in the state.

    “The use of tramadol and cough syrup is trendy now; these are conventional drugs people use. It is mostly abused by youths. Some children also abuse these drugs.

    Read Also:   NDLEA arrests 324 in drug crackdown

    “Children that take these drugs must have probably collected them from older persons as they cannot on their own buy them,” he said.

    The PRO further said that few children had been arrested along with some youths abusing the conventional drugs in some bad joints.

    She also said there had been some reported cases of secondary school students in the state who indulge in hard drugs.

    “We have some secondary schools around our command office at Onireke where students are involved in hard drugs and the authorities do call us for intervention.

    “We have counseled some students and there is the need for continuous sensitisation among the students and that is what we do generally to stop the menace.” Okuwobi said.

    NAN

     

  • Customs intercepts smuggled Tramadol drugs worth N4.6m in Sokoto

    Customs intercepts smuggled Tramadol drugs worth N4.6m in Sokoto

    The Nigeria Customs Service ( NCS ) has intercepted 465 packets of smuggled tramadol drugs worth N4.6 million on Sokoto-Illea road in Sokoto state.

    Mr Nasir Ahmad, the Comptroller of Customs in charge of Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara Command, told newsmen on Thursday in Sokoto, that the consignment were apprehended in three bales and one person was arrested during the raid.

    Ahmad, who handed the items to officials of National Food, Drugs Administration and Control, Sokoto state office, added that each packet consists of ten sachets which was valued at N1000 per sachet.

    He said the drug was being regulated by the authorities due it wide abuse as intoxicant.

    Ahmad said it was sad that some people engage in smuggling the dangerous drug that has destroyed the lives of many in the country.

    “Smugglers conceal it in various forms to perpetrate their illegal businesses. Smuggling such regulated drugs contribute to the rising criminal activities in the country.

    “I want to appeal to the people, especially residents of border communities to assist law enforcement agents with useful information on smuggler movements.

    “Customs is committed on ensuring a smuggle-free society. Smuggling cripples the nation’s economy and subjects peoples’ lives to various forms of danger,’’ he said.

    He recalled that in 2017, the command apprehended high quantity of Marijuana and drugs which were also handed over to the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency.

    NAN

  • Drug abuse: FG sets up 16 member committee on codeine, others

    Drug abuse: FG sets up 16 member committee on codeine, others

    …to consider banning, supply chain of drugs among others

    Piqued with the increased cases of abuse of drugs among the populace, the Federal Government has set up a committee to review the continuous usage of codeine, Tramadol and other related substances in the county.  

    The 16 member Committee on the Codeine Control Working and other related Matter Group ( CCRWG ) which has Prof. Oluwatoyin Odeku as the Chairperson has four to six weeks to turn in its preliminary report. 

    Inaugurating the committee yesterday in Abuja, the Minister of Health Prof. Isaac Adewole said that it was very important to break the supply end of the drugs.

    The minister stressed that the government must prevent people from causing harm to themselves and to the society. 

    In the recent times, Adewole said the government had confisicated and destroy many of these products.

    He however said that the rate at which people have resorted to drugs, has necessitated the need to find out why they are using these drugs.

    “It is not enough to destroy the products or enforce regulations ,we need to find out why they are using these drugs,” he stressed.”

    The terms of reference which the minister said is limitless include:  To look into the distribution system of the drugs; how the drugs get into the market; how can we manage the system; are these drugs so essential that we cannot ban them; are there no alternatives. 

    Also speaking, the Registrar, Pharmasist Council of Nigeria ( PCN ), Elijah Mohammed said that the safety and concerns around the use and misuse of codeine containing preparations are assuming frieghtening dimensionin some part of the country.Mohammed noted that even as the nation strives to create a sanitized drug distribution system through the National Drug Distribution Guideline ( NDDG ), to arrest the issue, it must be aware that a large number of Nigerians are already addicted to some of these medicines adding that PCN is currently working with technical group of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria to address the challenge.

    He observed that with the inauguration of the working group,  the issuing of permit for manufacturing of codine would be  controlled in order to have less consumption

    In her remark, the Chairperson of the committee, Prof Oluwatoyin Odeku said the  misuse of drugs is widespread among youths in the country. 

    Odeku also stressed the need for orientation change among the people and the need for proper education on the effect of drug abuse. 

    She however promised that the committee will do all that is necessary to ensure that the problem is tackled.

  • NAFDAC warns women against Drug abuse

    NAFDAC warns women against Drug abuse

    The National Food and Drugs Administration and Control ( NAFDAC ) has warned women against drug abuse.

    Mrs Roseline Ajayi, the Deputy Director and Kwara State Coordinator of NAFDAC gave the warnings while speaking with newsmen on Tuesday in Ilorin.

    According to her, the abuse of drugs is becoming prevalent among women.

    “I have heard the story that drug abuse is quite prevalent among ladies and I think it is about the environment where they live.”

    “In an environment where alcohol is consumed freely, where you have frustration, joblessness and pressure in the home-front, people tend to take solace in something and they go after doing something that will make them forget about their sorrow,’’ she said.

    The coordinator said that the agency discovered that soft drinks were being laced with drugs such as tramadol and codeine cough syrup before being taken.

    Also Read: Court to NAFDAC: Warn consumers against taking Fanta, Sprite with Vitamin C

    “Because of the stigma that women might face if they come out openly that they take drugs, they do it clandestinely by lacing soft drinks with hard drugs to prevent people from suspecting them,’’ he said.

    Ajayi said the agency had stepped up its awareness campaign against drug abuse and misuse through enlightenment on dangers and consequences of drugs abuse.

    According to her, the agency is ready to partner with the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) to effectively combat drug-related offences.

    She urged Nigerians to uphold family ties and values, adding that parents should watch and relate well with their children while giving them the needed support.

    Ajayi also spoke on the need for government to step up effort to stem the rate of unemployment so that the rate of drug
    abuse could reduce.

    “When youths are gainfully engaged, they will be busy; their minds will not go into illicit drugs consumption,’’ she said.

    NAN

  • The use and abuse of tramadol

    The use and abuse of tramadol

    Adeyemi Moronfolu explores the latent dangers in the now trending abuse of tramadol, an over-the-counter pain medication amongst the youth.

    Tramadol is an opiod pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. When taken as an immediate-release oral formulation, the onset of pain relief usually occurs within about an hour. Tramadol is a type of strong opiod that works on the nervous system and brain to reduce the feel of pain. There are many different forms, strengths and brands of tramadol. Some forms and brands start working quickly to ease the pain, while others release the tramadol they contain more slowly, over several hours, to provide a constant and more even pain control. These are called ”modified-release” and often have ‘XL’ ‘SR’ or ’24hr’ in front of the brand name.

    Why is tramadol abused?

    Apart from its pain relieving effects, tramadol has been discovered to give a feeling of euphoric high when taken in large quantity. When opiods like tramadol are mixed with alcohol, it increases the effects of the alcohol.

    Toyosi Ogunjobi, a 19-year-old public secondary school student in Lagos, who is into the abuse of the drug told The Nation that he mixes tramadol with alcohol when he wants to engage in manual labour. He claims it allows him to work harder and longer but that if he takes the mixture without working, it weakens him.

    Gabriel Oladoye, a 21 year-old undergraduate of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta also admits to abusing tramadol. To him, tramadol serves as an aphrodisiac. He says he normally takes the drug few minutes before sex and it enables him last longer and perform better in bed.

    Bode, a 27 year-old liquor seller says mixing tramadol with Bullet alcohol drink helps him last longer during intercourse, since he normally suffers from premature ejaculation. He shared an experience in which he engaged in intercourse all night with a commercial sex worker after taking tramadol with ‘Bullet’. He said they had marathon sex all night, but confessed that he had to visit the clinic during the day, when he began experiencing pains on his manhood. The doctor, after checking him up for infections, warned him to desist from such medications and marathon sex, as he was lucky not to have ruptured his tissues.

    Effects of tramadol abuse

    Although tramadol is an over-the-counter medication, its abuse can cause some undesirable effects similar to those of other opiates, such as dizziness, weakness, sleepiness, insomnia, headache, shaking, heartburn, panic attacks, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, itching, sweating and dry mouth.

    According to Adekunle Adeseye of Ariset Medical Hospital, tramadol belongs to a family of analgesic and it is actually a synthetic opiod. He said it can lead to addiction like other opiods such as morphine, cocaine and the rest. Some of its other side-effects include light-headedness, serious vomiting and even sedation, as it is narcotic in nature.

    Dr. Jude Okonkwo, a medical practitioner at Medicare Hospital Ota, added that overdosing on the drugs can make some people experience difficulty in breathing; and that once addicted to the drugs, abusers won’t be able to function well without the drug, as it has neurological side-effects.

    Asked to confirm the claims that the drug has aphrodasic effects and also gives extra strength, Dr. Okonkwo said “Those claims could be true, as it is a narcotic. It heightens the senses, but its effects vary from persons to persons. Abusing the drug has more” negative effects than any perceived positive.

    He advised that abusers-turned addicts should stop and youths who take it for recreation because of its euphoric effect should stop as well; as drugs should only be taken on doctor’s prescription.

    When asked how the increase in tramadol abuse can be curbed, he advised that parents and guardians should tutor their wards more on the hazards of drug abuse. He also wants the government to place serious sanctions and restrictions on the use of the medication.