Tag: vaccine

  • ‘Nigeria to produce vaccine’

    Nigeria  is set to produce its own vaccine in another four years if everything goes according to plan, a  notable virologist, Prof Oyewale Tomori, has said.

    He made this known during a tour of the Federal Vaccines Production Laboratory, Lagos.

    Tomori said the four-year target is possible because Nigeria is  partnering a South African firm, Biovac Institute in Cape Town, South Africa.

    Biovac is a private-public-parnership (PPP) firm which produces vaccines for South Africa.

    Tomori, who chairs Biovaccines Nigeria Limited Board of Directors, toured the laboratory facilities inherited from the government as its equity  contribution to form the partnership with Biovaccines Nigeria Limited (BVNL), in preparation for the vaccine production.

    He added that both Biovac Institute  and Biovaccines Nigeria have agreed to collaborate to build capacity for vaccines and biologicals in Africa, and partner through mutual exchanges in technology, processes and expertise.

    Tomori said Nigeria is many years behind in actualising the dream of building its national sufficiency in local production of vaccines, and thereby contribute positively in the most sustainable way to reducing immunisation challenges in the country.

    He assured that workers – from the chief executive to ground keeper – are primed to ensure the delivery of the indigenous vaccines to ameliorate the big burden posed by vaccines preventable diseases, particularly in children and mothers.

    “In a bid to get things right first time, we are working with our foreign technical team, comprising international experts in vaccines and biologicals technology to develop and implement a robust business plan. It has undertaken robust feasibility studies, evaluated all strategic options and made recommendations that underpinned our strategic direction.

    “We all know that vaccine production is a highly technical and complex technology, which requires time to perfect. A green field project will require five to eight years gestation period.

    “We cannot wait that long. We are engaging indigenous experts and relevant government agencies to see how we can shorten this process without making quality compromise,”he said.

    Tomori said the BVNL is not encumbered with bureaucracy and  with the expected co-operation from the government, the  company’s management will move swiftly to achieve the set goals in record time.

    “There is a new site, a 15-hectare of land in Ota, Ogun State acquired by Biovaccines for construction of a green field factory,” Tomori said.

    He assured that BVNL will take  steps to ensure that it gets everything  right. “This means that we are not only working to give Nigerians locally produced vaccines within the quickest possible time frame, we are also working to ensure that we produce vaccines of the highest quality and that they are done in a sustainable manner. We have resolved that no product of BVNL will harm any Nigerian. This is the sacred creed of BVNL,”Prof Tomori said.

  • Govt to get Lassa fever vaccine

    Govt to get Lassa fever vaccine

    The Federal Government said yesterday it will soon receive vaccine to check the spread of Lassa fever.

    Minister of Health Prof. Isaac Adewole made this known yesterday after signing a joint approval of the biennium WHO Programme Budget of 2018 to 2019 in Abuja.

    Adewole explained that before the end of the year, the government would receive vaccine to address the outbreak of Lassa fever in the country.

    The minister said that he had summoned the Commissioners for Health in the five states affected by Lassa fever to get an update on the situation in their states.

    According to him, the meeting will take place on Tuesday in Abuja.

    The minister listed the affected states as Ondo, Ebonyi, Edo, Nasarawa and Imo.

    Adewole commended Ondo and Ebonyi State Governments for being outstanding in tackling Lassa fever in their respective states.

    “We are doing everything possible to fight and address the outbreak of Lassa fever on all fronts,” he said

  • Nigeria set for local vaccine production

    Vaccine production in Nigeria may soon be a reality with the inauguration of the board of a private local vaccine company, Biovaccines Nigeria Limited, in Abuja.

    Biovaccines is a private-public partnership between the Federal Government and May & Baker Nigeria Plc, a  pharmaceutical manufacturing company.

    The board, inaugurated by Minister of Health Prof. Isaac Adewole,  is headed by Prof Oyewole Tomori, a virologist and former vice chancellor of Redeemers University.

    Its members are Dr. Faisal Shuaib Executive Director/CEO, National Primary Health Care Development Agency; Mr Lawal, Director, Food & Drugs, Federal Ministry of Health, Nnamdi Okafor, Managing Director/CEO , May & Baker Nigeria Plc, Dr. Edugie Abebe, a former Permanent Secretary and Director of May & Baker and Mr. Ayodeji Aboderin, Director of Finance, May & Baker.

    The new managing director of Biovaccines  is expected to join the board soon.

    At the event, Okafor said the board of Biovaccines would prepare the ground for the eventual production of vaccines in Nigeria. Said he: “The business plan of Biovaccines is ready. One of the first tasks of the Board will be to approve the plan for immediate kick off of operations.”

    The Federal Executive Council (FEC) at its sitting last May 31 ratified a joint venture agreement between the Federal Government and May & Baker for the formation of  Biovaccines Nigeria to serve as a special purpose vehicle for  producing vaccines.

    Okafor said since then, so much had happened. ‘’We have successfully engaged all stakeholder groups to align their plans and activities to the task of providing Nigeria a sustainable programme of immunisation through local production of vaccines. I can say that Nigerians are now clearly joining forces on this healthcare initiative and the way to the future is very clear and bright. We have equally engaged international organisations, such as GAVI, MSF, PATH, Melinda and Bill Gate Foundation among others for collaboration” .

    Okafor promised that Biovaccines will strive to commence local production soon. He said  the strategy is to shorten the gestation period to achieve the shortest possible time line for production.

    ‘’Ideally, a greenfield production will require five to eight years for the first batch of products. Vaccine production is a high-tech, complex and painstaking process and we are determined to achieve international standards of production,” he added.

    Present at the inauguration  were Prof Christiana Moji Adeyey, National Agency for Food  and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)  Director-General, Dr. Wondi Alemu, Representative and Head of Mission of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Nigeria.

  • Vaccination : Zamfara targets 3.2 million for Yellow fever

    Vaccination : Zamfara targets 3.2 million for Yellow fever

    Zamfara Government will vaccinate 3.2 million people during the ongoing yellow fever vaccination campaign, the state Commissioner of Health, Alhaji Lawal Liman, has said.

    Liman said in an interview with reporters in Gusau on Monday that the vaccination would be conducted in partnership with the National Primary Health Care Development Agency.

    “We have already concluded the first phase of the exercise which covers four local government areas of Anka, Gusau, Maru and Maradun and we have recorded great success.

    “We are now on the second phase which would cover ten local government areas of Bungudu, Birnin-Magaji, Bakura, Bukkuyum, Gummi, Kaura-Namoda, Shinkafi Talata-Mafara, Tsafe and Zurmi.

    “We started the second phase of this exercise last four days, we have reached about 40 percent coverage now and it would end in the next six days”, he said.

    According to him, the vaccine is for the people from 9 months to 45 years of age.

    READ ALSO: Eight killed in herdsmen-farmers clash in Jos

    The commissioner therefore urged residents to cooperate with the government for the success of the exercise.

    He said that, “the reports we are receiving from our officials on the fields is indicating that the exercise is moving smoothly, our people are participating across the state, we have been enlightening them through jingles, programmes on radio and television.

    “We are still calling on stakeholders to continue enlightening members of the public on the importance of the vaccine so as to achieve the desired objective,” Liman added.

    He assured that measures had been put in by all stakeholders including development partners “to reach out to the targeted number of people or beyond at the end of the exercise.”

    NAN

  • Monkey virus, polio vaccine, cancer, immunity, herbs

    Monkey virus and monkey pox are the latest health issues in Nigeria. Ebola fever, with its potential to depopulate nations as the Black plague which wiped out about 30-60 percent (75-200 million) of Europe’s population between 1346 and 1353, is long forgotten now. So is HIV/AIDS which once caused a stir. Cancer is still on the ravage, with breast and prostate cancers being major causes of cancer deaths. But few people, doctors and patients alike, link a cancer with fungi, candida, bacteria, viruses and even heavy metals, which are regularly found in cancer tumours.

    Until 1994, monkey virus was not linked to a cancer in humans. This monkey virus, known to researchers as SV 40, was before 1994 known to cause cancer in animals. In 1994, Dr. Michelle Carbone, a Loyola University researcher, found the Monkey virus in half of the lung tumour he was studying. Dr. Carbone thought his discovery was a mistake. But it was not, as 60 laboratory studies other than his found Monkey virus in other human tumours that were investigated in Britain, New Zealand, France, Switzerland and Belgium.

    Acrimony among researchers, as in the case of HIV/AIDS, has hindered research progress, with some investigators challenging Dr. Carbone’s finding’s and saying the virus could have been induced by polio vaccine.

    Dr. Janet Butel, a virologist at Baylor College of Medicine, United States, agrees humans may have picked up Monkey virus from polio vaccine because the vaccine is made from monkey kidney cells. Thus, between 1955 and 1963, an estimated 20 million Americans may have been contaminated with Monkey virus SV 40 from polio vaccine. Nigerian data are not easy to come by. But a United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) campaign in 2016 aimed to vaccinate 41 million children in 18 Nigerian northern states, Chad Republic, Niger Republic, the Cameroon and Central African Republic, according to a report by Anna MacSwan. Last year, just when it was thought that polio had been eradicated in all countries except Afghanistan and Pakistan, some attacks in North-east Nigeria brought UNICEF back there to vaccinate 25 million children. Last month, polio vaccination raised the political temperature in two states in Nigeria’s South-east where the Army had just put down a social protest to balkanize Nigeria into independent nations. The army had joined other organisations which, for good community relations, were offering free polio vaccination for children. The army’s olive branch was ill timed, however, as its antagonists waged a social media campaign against the drive, claiming it was designed to depopulate the region.

    The antagonists of the Nigerian Army in the south-eastern states of Nigeria may be wrong or simply waging an ethnic war against a President they did not elect to power in 2015. But their reactions may have been instinctive or even intuitive at other levels if, indeed, Monkey virus SV 40 causes cancer, and the vaccine against it, derived from the monkey kidney, may have been contaminated by this virus, with the potential of contaminating vaccinated children and, some day, exposing them to cancer. Thus, the Monkey virus may be a cancer-causing agent in the bodies of everyone who has taken the polio vaccination derived from monkey kidneys. That may explain why adults of my age or younger, or even children under 10years of age, are now falling prey to cancer in today’s Nigeria, and we wonder: why children? Yet the answer is simple. If today’s children habour monkey virus in their bodies, but their immunity still being strong fends off a cancer, it may be only a question of time before the ugly bear raises its head because of the anti-health diet this children are expose to. What may mark the difference between the person who took the vaccination as a child and did not suffer from cancer till death from other cause(s) in ripe, old age, and the one who died of cancer at any age may be the quality of the immune function, diet and other factors.

    This column wishes to suggest that, in the treatment of Monkey virus, the immune system should be given priority attention as should the use of anti-viral herbs, some of which are presented below. It is interesting and helpful to note that the black plague which killed 200 million people did not kill four thieves in Marseilles, who picked pockets of the dead and ransacked their graves and homes but were not infected by this highly contagious disease. They protected themselves with herbs given to them by the mother of one of them who was a herbalist. There are many accounts of this story and herbal protocol. One of them came from Dr. John Christopher, a popular American herbalist.

    According to www.kitchendoctor.com: “Dr. John Christopher had a slightly different story and a variation of the formula that is clearly American, not French. His “Four Thieves” story is that there was a man named Richard Forthave who developed a remedy for the plague that was marketed under his name, a name which was corrupted to “Four Thieves.” There might indeed have been grave robbers who used this remedy to protect themselves while they divested corpses of treasures they would no longer need. The King of France had the thieves arrested and they bought their freedom with the remedy they had been using. Thus, the remedy did not fall into obscurity and has been used for centuries since to protect against contagion.

    “DR. JOHN CHRISTOPHER PLAGUE FORMULA

    • 8 parts apple cider vinegar, •5 parts glycerine U.S.P.
    • 5 parts honey, •2 parts garlic juice, fresh, • 2 parts comfrey root concentrate •1 part wormwood concentrate, •1 part lobelia leaf and/or seed concentrate, •1 part marshmallow root concentrate, •1 part oak bark concentrate •1 part black walnut bark concentrate, •1 part mullein leaf concentrate, •1 part skullcap leaf concentrate •1 part uva ursi, hydrangea, or gravel root concentrate.”

     

    Monkey virus

     As the name of this disease suggests, it is caused by a virus. To prevent or dislodge it, a therapy may follow two directions. Viruses strike when the immunity is low. So, the immune system must be addressed. Secondly, anti-viral herbs should not be too far from reach.

    Some useful immune boosting and anti-viral herbs are Red Marine Algae, Astragalus, Cat’s claw, Cranberry, Olive leaf, Oregano leaf, Echinacea, Calendula (Marigold), Garlic and Cinnamon.

     

    Astragalus

    Like Burdock root and Dandelion, Astragalus tea, tincture, capsule or powder added to stew, for example, improves immune defences against viruses.

     

    Cat’s claw

    Loaded with antifungal, antiviral and anti-bacterial substances the tea may be taken regularly in place of beverage drinks which add little or no value to immune function or combat viruses.

    While some authorities believe more studies are required to confirm folklore claims that cat’s claw can fight cancer and boost immunity, some studies say it actually does. In one animal study, water soluble extract of Cat’s claw was given for eight weeks to the subjects. The white blood cell count rose significantly in all of them. The researchers found that the supplement repaired damage to single and double DNA strands. No acute or chronic toxicity was observed in the experimental animals. In a human study, human subjects took cat’s claw supplement for two months before they were vaccinated against pneumonia. The report of the study speaks of “statistically significant immune enhancement” in the individuals taking the cat’s claw supplement compared with the untreated control group.

     

    Olive leaf

    This herb has the outlook of a broad spectrum fighter of diseases. We take it for granted. Yet scientists have found that one of its constituents, oleuropein has the potential to lower blood pressure, curb elevated blood sugar, lower total cholesterol and, in addition, destroy fungi, bacteria and viruses. Oleuropein and other compounds in Olive leaf have been shown to prevent viruses from reproducing by inhibiting their ability to produce amino acids. This is an advantage over antibiotics, which lack “a targeted attack of the problem” rather than attack the viruses and the host human cells.

    Traditionally, olive leaf has been used to boost immunity and provide antioxidant protection against free radical ravage. One study suggested that a liquid extract of olive leaf has four times more antioxidant than Vitamin C and twice as that of Green tea. Some of the viruses which have been shown to yield to Olive leaf extract are those of common cold, herpes and flu.

     

    Shark liver oil

    This oil helps in cold and flu which are known to be caused by viruses. Its leading chemical factors are Alkylglycerol and Squalene. Squalene helps the sharks to survive low oxygen environment in deep water. Squalene is present in human skin, but its production and availability there reduce with age. Alkylglycerol have been used in northern Europe to prevent and treat cancer. In other European countries, it is widely used for making the immune system more efficient. It is prescribed for conditions such as asthma, and other respiratory conditions. It is finding new uses in anti-aging therapies, particularly for immune cells and the cardiovascular system.

    An Italian study in the flu season of 2009/2010 experimented with 100mg of Alkylglycerol two times a day at the peak of the season. The study involved 52 participants. The control group, comprising 60 participants, received no Alkylglycerol. All the subjects took the traditional flu vaccine. Of the 52 Alkylglycerol group, 42 participants (81 percent) had no flu symptoms during the flu season with the other 10 having only mild symptoms. Their ailment cleared between two and three days without any drug treatment. The control group presented only 20 of 60 participants (33 percent) with no flu symptoms. The others were infected in varying degrees.

    We should thank the people of Norway and Sweden who, for hundreds of years, have used shark liver oil to heal wounds, respiratory and digestive system problems and swellings in the lymphatic system, especially inflammation of lymph nodes.

    In the human body, the largest concentration of Alkylglycerol is in the bone marrow where immune and red blood cells are produced. It nourishes the bone marrow and suggests why shark liver oil or Alkylglycerol is prescribed for chemotherapy patients whose white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets are suppressed by this poisonous anti-cancer drug.

    The second largest concentration of Alkylglycerol in the body (.05 percent) is in the spleen, an important segment of the immune system which performs anti-bacterial functions. As a member of the immune support system, the spleen, when nourished well with Alkylglycerol, offers support for this crucial system, especially in Monkey virus therapy. The immune system may be healthy and good, but its hands may be too full and this may lower its efficiency. When the spleen helps to clear bacteria out of the way, the system has reserve energy to deal with viruses and other troublesome agents. It is not surprising, therefore, that Alkylglycerol is present in human breast milk at 0.1 percent concentration, to give the baby immune protection.

     

    Red Marine Algae

    As early as 600 B.C., this algae has been used as food and as medicine to clear circulation obstructions and improve well-being. Its use as an anti-viral remedy is popular in China. But this does not dwarf its other uses in, say, “boils, urinary infections, goiter, asthma and stomach problems, and also for ulcers and tumours with varying degrees of success”.

    In European countries, Red Marine Algae is well known for the treatment of cold sores, which are virus-derived. For a long time, cold sore sufferers had no long-term relief. As this column once wrote.

    “Herpes I, or cold sores are not nice viruses because they can be dormant for years and then be activated by one trigger or another. These triggers include menopause, stress, dental work, other infections, sunburn and fatigue caused by overwork…it starts off as a small blister, perhaps one or two, with a slight burning sensation. You don’t take much notice of it, suddenly it expands and becomes very painful. Like an itch on your skin, you can’t.

    Jobelyn maintains record in LASUTH breast cancer study

    I HAVE not trailed Jobelyn for about one or two years. But when I finally did about two weeks ago, I was not disappointed. I probably would if Mr. Olajuwon Okubena, the chartered accountant who produces Jobelyn, has become tired, for whatever reason, of subjecting it to rigorous laboratory and clinical studies.

    Jobelyn began its life in Nigeria as a traditional herbal remedy for anaemia in all sorts of health conditions, especially sickle cell challenge. Later, it was found useful for arthritis. Later, it was found good for diabetes. Later, it was found to improve well-being of users who suffered from HIV/AIDS, cancer, mental illness and stress. All these discovered benefits were known through rigorous studies at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) pharmacy department, the University of Benin, the University of Ibadan, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), the Military Hospital in Ikoyi, Lagos, and at various laboratories in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.

    The latest experiment with Jobelyn was undertaken by LASUTH to determine if this product can reduce negative side effects associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment. The study was to answer four questions.

    • Does Jobelyn improve PCV of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?
    • Does Jobelyn improve white blood cell count of Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?
    • Does Jobelyn improve red blood cell count of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?
    • Does Jobelyn improve heamoglobin readings of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice of conventional medicine in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a poisonous, free radicals laden drug which is targeted at fast-growing cells in the body, cancer cells being fast growing as well. Unfortunately for many patients, Chemotherapy is non-selective and wages war on even healthy, fast growing cells as well. These include hair cells, those of the skin, intestine and bone marrow. Other healthy, but non-fast-growing cells may also be affected. Some of the common negative side effects of Chemotherapy are experienced with…

     

     

    Bone marrow cells

    These cells produce white and red blood cells and platelets. White blood cells fight infections. Red blood cells carry oxygen round the body. Platelets prevent bleeding. Chemotherapy may suppress the bone marrow, causing anaemia (low red blood cell count), neutropenia (low neutrophil count), neutrophilia (high neutrophil count) and thrombopenia (low platelet count).

     

    Hematocrit

    This is the percentage of red blood cells in relation to total blood volume. In earlier experiments with Jobelyn regarding anaemia in malaria, the hematocrit was found to improve within 24hours, giving Jobelyn at that time the image of an “alternative to blood transfusion”. The hematocrit is thought to be normal at a range of 31.8 to 43.2 percent.

    The kidneys participate in the production of red blood cells by producing a protein called erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Chemotherapy may suppress the production of this protein.

    During the LASUTH Jobelyn study in which some breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were given Jobelyn along with their treatment and another group was given a placebo, the following observations were made…

    “1. Jobelyn given in combination with breast cancer chemotherapy appears to stimulate red blood cell production as HCT values are considerably higher compared to those breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy alone.

    1. Jobelyn given in combination with breast cancer chemotherapy also appears to directly stimulate red blood cell production as RBC values are higher compared to those breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy alone (RBC= 3.58-4.99 mil/mm3).
    2. Jobelyn given in combination with breast cancer chemotherapy elicits a very slight increase in haemoglobin production compared to those breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy alone (haemoglobin=11.1-15.0g/dL).

    In summary, jobelyn given in combination with breast cancer chemotherapy stimulates red blood cell production improving both HCT and RBC and reduces chances of developing anemia by improving haemoglobin levels.”

  • Group praises Fed Govt over vaccine production

    The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Group (PMG-MAN) has commended Federal Government’s efforts in supporting local manufacturing, especially to access high quality and affordable drugs.

    A statement made available to Southwest Report by the Executive Secretary of PMG-MAN, Dr Obi Peter Adigwe, said their commendation was based on the fact that local production of vaccines will ameliorate some health challenges the citizens go through which is one of the ultimate goals of any nation.

    He said the partnership with May and Baker will revitalise the production of local vaccines. This, he said, will guarantee the most sustainable and effective approach to national security and self-sufficiency in this critical area.

    He said: “Manufacturers of local medicines in Nigeria have long been associated with the production of high quality, affordable medicines. It is on record that Nigeria still has the biggest cluster of World Health Organisation (WHO) certified companies in Africa, and incidentally, May and Baker is one of those companies.

    “Manufacturers of local medicines are also at the forefront of innovative and contextual solutions to local health care issues, such as this commendable partnership that you have initiated. This is evidenced by our robust and comprehensive engagement with a wide range of policy-makers and stakeholders.”

    Adigwe further canvassed the Expedited Medicines’ Access Programme (E-MAP), a proposed collaborative contractual partnership between Ministry of Health and local manufacturers.

    The PMG-MAN, Executive Secretary said the E-MAP is in line with the vision and aspirations of the current administration that aim at providing affordable, high quality medicines for the public in a sustainable and cost-efficient manner.

    Explaining further, he said the programme design involves combining innovative manufacturing practices with contextual logistics and supply chain management that will, in turn, achieve effective, cost-efficient and timely provision of high quality medicines across the country.

    Calling the attention of Minister of Health, Prof. Isaac Adewole to the Acting President, Prof. ‘Yemi Osinbajo’s Executive Order on Local Content in Public Procurement mandates to all Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to grant procurement preference to local manufacturers, he stressed that Osinbajo expressly specified locally manufactured medicines in Section 4F and the need to patronise them extensively as against imported ones.

    He reiterated his association’s appeal to the Ministry of Health to begin the relevant processes for the implementation of the E-MAP. He added that the implementation of the policy guideline will not only grow the capacities of local manufacturers but will also help in jobs creation.

    Recall that the proposed vaccine production has been on hold since 1991 but was re-activated and upgraded to establish a company called Bio-vaccines Limited which will be jointly owned by the Federal Government and May and Baker Plc.

    At the signing ceremony between the Federal Government and May and Baker Plc, last month the minister said it would further secure the lives of Nigerians since the production of vaccines is now considered a security issue.

    He said:  “We have considered vaccines as a security issue. It is not only health but we need to consider the security of all Nigerians, particularly our children. So, with this agreement, we will be able to produce those command vaccines. Beginning from 2021, every other vaccine that is necessary will also be out on board for administration to Nigerians.”

  • Pharmacists laud Fed Govt, M&B on vaccine production

    •Seeks ExpeditedMedicines’ Access Programme (E-MAP)

    The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Group of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (PMG-MAN) has praised the Federal Government for supporting local production of vaccines.

    The Federal Ministry of Health and May & Baker (M&B) have entered into partnership on vaccines production in the country.

    In a statement, PMG-MAN Executive Secretary, Dr Obi Peter Adigwe, said the partnership was the most sustainable and effective approach to ensuring national security and self-sufficiency in this critical area.

    Adigwe said: “Local medicines’ manufacturers in Nigeria have long been associated with the production of high quality, affordable medicines. It is on record that Nigeria still has the biggest cluster of World Health Organisation (WHO) certified companies in Africa, and incidentally, May & Baker is one of them.

    “Local medicines’ manufacturers are also at the forefront of innovative and contextual solutions to local healthcare issues, such as this commendable partnership that you have initiated. This is evidenced by our robust and comprehensive engagement with a wide range of policymakers and stakeholders”.

    Adigwe further canvassed the Expedited Medicines’ Access Programme (E-MAP), a proposed collaborative contractual partnership between the health ministry and local manufacturers.

    He said the E-MAP was in line with the administration’s vision and aspirations aimed at providing affordable, high quality medicines in a sustainable and cost efficient way.

    Adigwe said the programme design involved combining innovative manufacturing practices with contextual logistics and supply chain management that would achieve effective, cost efficient and timely provision of high quality medicines.

    He drew the attention of the Health Minister, Prof Isaac Adewole, to Acting President ‘Yemi Osinbajo’s Executive Order on local content in public procurement mandates to all Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to give preference to local manufacturers.

    Adigwe stressed that Osinbajo specified locally manufactured medicines in Section 4F and the need to patronise them extensively.

    He said it was on account of this that his association was appealing to the health ministry to begin the relevant processes for the implementation of E-MAP. He added that the implementation will not only grow the capacities of local manufacturers, but also increase the possibility of job creation.

    The proposed vaccine production has been on hold since 1991, but was reactivated and upgraded to establish a company called Bio-vaccines LTD, which will be jointly owned by the Federal Government and May & Baker Plc.

    At the signing ceremony by the Federal Government and May & Baker Plc, last month, Adewole said it would further secure lives since the production of vaccines was now considered a security issue.

    He said: “We have considered vaccines as a security issue, it is not only health but we need to consider the security of all Nigerians particularly our children. So, with this agreement, we will be able to produce those command vaccines and from 2021 and beyond, every other vaccine that is necessary will also be out on board for administration to Nigerians”.

  • PSN, others back Fed Govt on vaccine production

    PSN, others back Fed Govt on vaccine production

    Stakeholders in the health sector have applauded the Federal  Government’s agreement with and a pharmaceutical giant, May and Baker (M&B)on vaccine production.

    To Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN) President, Alhaji Ahmed Yakasai, the arrangement will ensure the ready avalability of vaccines, which are one the most effective ways of preventing infectious diseases.

    He said:“That struggle has been on since 2004. The joint venture agreement as declared by the Minister of Health, Prof. Isaac Adewole shortly after the  Federal Executive Council (FEC) meeting last Wednesday, would involve counterparts funding in a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model between the government and M and B.

    “We want to note that the Federal Government deserves commendation for acceding to our calls to look inward in solving the hydra headed problems of vaccines and medicines shortage in Nigeria. This would go a long way in guaranteeing availability of vaccines for use in routine immunisations and vaccines for use during national emergency as observed recently during outbreak of meningitis.

    “May and Baker as one of the few Nigerian Pharma companies with the World Health Organisation (WHO) pre-qualification GMP certification, will surely be able to enhance its capacity utilisation and explore opportunities in exportation of vaccines to global markets,” said Yakasai.

    He called on the firm to take full advantage of the opportunity to fulfill its vision of “improving the quality of life, throughout and for all lives”.

    “If you go to Yaba, the production laboratory there is dead. A lot of money will be spent, more than the $2.5 billion signed will supply only 20 per cent of the vaccination needed in the country, but with time it will expand to satisfy local needs and West Africa region, and then the globe,”he said.

    Yakasai continued: “Parents want to do everything possible to ensure that their children are healthy and protected from preventable diseases. Vaccination is the best way to do that. Vaccination protects children from serious illness and complications of vaccine-preventable diseases which can include amputation of an arm or leg, paralysis of limbs, hearing loss, convulsions, brain damage, and death.

    “Vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, mumps and whooping cough are still a threat globally. Aside from the fact that vaccines such as yellow fever vaccine will be readily accessible same will also be affordable. I don’t want to say vaccine production is like a cartel, but that Nigeria will be a self sustaining country in the areas of vaccine provision is gladdening.”

    Nigeria Medical Association (NMA) President Dr Mike Ogirima believes that outbreaks of preventable diseases occur when many parents decide not to vaccinate their children. “Vaccination is safe and effective. All vaccines undergo long and careful review by scientists, doctors, and the federal government to make sure they are safe. Vaccine production had been on in the country, but got stopped. We are happy it is now picking up. It is all a win-win situation,”he said.

    According to him, Nigeria has been producing vaccines at the vaccines production laboratory in Yaba and was exporting to other countries until the place was shut down several years back for rehabilitation, which never took place.

    “May and Baker entered into a joint venture with the Federal Government to take over the facilities of the Federal Vaccine Production Laboratory (FVPL) in Yaba for the purpose  of resuming vaccine production, which had stopped due to the inability of the FVPL to cope with operational challenges.

    “The project was, however, delayed due to the non-ratification of the agreement by successive governments. Now under a new partnership arrangement with 49:51 equity participation in favour of May and Baker, things are set to take shape under the auspices of the company jointly set up- Biovaccines Nigeria Limited.

    “The country will be better for it. Now under a new partnership arrangement with 49:51 equity participation in favour of May and Baker,things are set to take shape under the auspices of the company jointly set up – Biovaccines Nigeria Limited,” Dr Ogirima said.

    Former Lagos PSN Chairman Olumide Akintayo was happy that vaccines would be readily available in the country “to address these diseases – diphteria, haemophilus inflenzae tybe b, (Hib disease – a major cause of bacterial meningitis), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Human Papillomavisus (HPV – a major cause of cervical and other cancers), Influenza, measles, meningococcal, Mumps, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Pneumococcal (causes bacterial meningitis and blood infections), Polio, Rotavirus, Rubella, (German Measles), Tetanus (Lockjaw), and Varicella (Chickenpox). It will also create employment.

    “The country will no longer be at the mercy of global R and D vaccine manufacturers as experienced during the Ebola period, because R and D costs millions of dollars and no manufacturer will want to just give out its product just like that without recouping its investment.

    “As pharmacists we are happy because a whole range of skilled pharmacists across areas of specialty and sub-specialty will be engaged. That should make the government develop the petro-chemical sector. The basic raw material we need as a nation is Benzene-zinc. With the right things done, over a million jobs can be created from the pharmaceutical industry,” he noted.

  • WHO faces vaccine shortage amidst acute yellow fever outbreak in Africa

    WHO faces vaccine shortage amidst acute yellow fever outbreak in Africa

    Faced with the worst yellow fever outbreak in parts of Africa in decades and running low on vaccine, the World Health Organisation plans to use only fractional doses of the vaccine in some areas when it launches an emergency immunisation campaign in July.

    Health experts hope that by using smaller doses they can stretch the limited vaccine supply and slow the spread of the virus. Even in smaller doses — 1/5th the normal dose, in the upcoming campaign — the vaccine still provides full immunity for at least 12 months, health officials say.

    WHO spokeswoman Sarah Cumberland said in an email that fractional dosing is being considered at this stage only for Kinshasa, the Congolese capital that is home to more than 10 million people.

    “The outbreak is still in early stages and it could be an effective way of containing spread with the vaccine doses available,” Cumberland said. “Logistical considerations, such as obtaining suitable syringes and training health workers in this method, mean that dose-fractioning may be easier to implement in an urban setting.”

    The other areas targeted are a 47- to 62-mile belt spanning the border between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola, where the disease first emerged in December, and high-risk inland areas associated with local mining areas and big markets that attract large migrant populations and movement of people to and from Angola, the WHO said.

    “If we don’t respond fast, this has the potential to be a big outbreak with the risk of international spread,” Cumberland said. “The focus is on getting this under control as fast as possible.”

    The use of fractional dosing is significant because such a tactic “should only be used in response to an emergency situation in which current vaccine supply is insufficient,” Cumberland said. This would mark the first time that fractional dosing has been used to combat yellow fever, she said.

    Daniel Lucey, an immunologist at the Georgetown University’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, said the move “underscores the severity of the situation … and it doesn’t bode well for what is a potentially worse situation that we’re going to be in, in future.”

    Angola reported 3,294 suspected cases and 347 deaths from the virus, according to the WHO’s latest statistics , while Congo had 1,106 suspected cases and 75 deaths.

    Distribution of the vaccine would focus on “districts where there is high movement of people and intense trade activities, particularly the northern border districts of Angola and targeted border districts in neighboring countries,” the WHO said in a recent statement. The aim is to create an immunity wall.

    Already yellow fever cases linked to the Angola outbreak have been reported in China, Kenya and Congo, the WHO said.

    The disease is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which also carry dengue fever and the Zika virus, and causes high temperatures, jaundice, bleeding and eventually shock and multiple organ-failure in patients with severe infection. It can be fatal.

    There is no cure for yellow fever, making prevention critical. But providing treatment for those in areas currently affected by the disease has been challenging because of the lack of the vaccine.

    The global stockpile of 6 million doses has been depleted three times since the start of the outbreak in December, Cumberland said. Angola has received 15 million vaccines, 3 million doses have gone to Congo and 800,000 to Uganda, which is experiencing a bout of yellow fever unrelated to the cases in Angola.

    Although the stockpile has been replenished to 5 million doses, demand could quickly outstrip supply, Cumberland said.

    She said yellow fever has the potential to spread fast in urban settings, particularly when breeding conditions are favorable for the mosquito.

    Meanwhile, the medical humanitarian group Doctors without Borders has been undertaking mass vaccination and mosquito control efforts in certain affected areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo and providing diagnoses and treatment of patients in Angola.

  • Hope rises for Ebola vaccine

    Hope rises for Ebola vaccine

    Vaccinated monkeys have developed “long-term” immunity to the Ebola virus, raising a prospect of successful human trials, say scientists.

    The experiments by the United States (U.S.) National Institutes of Health showed immunity could last at least 10 months, according to a report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).

    Human trials of the vaccine started last week in the U.S. and will extend to the United Kingdom and Africa.

    The World Health Organisation (WHO) said more than 2,000 people have died in the outbreak in West Africa.

    Several experimental treatments are being considered to help contain the spread of Ebola.

    This includes a vaccine being developed by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline.

    It uses a genetically modified chimp virus containing components of two species of Ebola – Zaire, which is currently circulating in West Africa, and the common Sudan species.

    The viral vaccine does not replicate inside the body, but it is hoped the immune system will react to the Ebola component of the vaccine and develop immunity.

    Animal research, on which the decision to begin human trials was based, has now been published in the journal Nature Medicine.

    It shows four crab-eating macaques all survived what would have been a fatal dose of Ebola virus five weeks later.

    However, only half survived an infection 10 months after immunisation.

    Dr Anthony Fauci, the director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told the BBC: “The good part of this vaccine is that at five weeks or earlier you get full protection.

    “The sobering news is the durability isn’t great, but if you give a boost, a second shot, you make it really durable.”

    “We knew this worked in the monkey months ago and based on this paper we started human trials.”

    For now this is the best evidence available on how successful such a vaccine would be in people.

    The first patient, a 39-year-old woman, was given the vaccine last week as human trials got under way.

    There will also be separate trials of the vaccine against just the Zaire Ebola species.

    These will take place in the US, the University of Oxford in the UK as well as in Mali and Gambia.

    The WHO said safety data would be ready by November 2014 and, if the vaccine proved safe, it would be used in West Africa immediately.

    Healthcare workers and other frontline staff would be prioritised for vaccination.

    The number of doses currently available is between 400 – if a lot of vaccine is needed for immunity – and 4,000 if smaller amounts are sufficient.

    As with all experimental therapies, the WHO has warned hopes of a vaccine must not detract from the proven methods of infection control which have defeated all previous outbreaks.

    Prof Jonathan Ball, a virologist at the University of Nottingham, said: “This is really encouraging data.

    “The degree of protection seen with the chimpanzee adenovirus alone – which will be used in one of the human clinical trials planned for the UK, Mali and the Gambia – was still pretty impressive, especially when the animals received Ebola virus within a few weeks of vaccination.

    “This is important as it would keep the dosing regimen simple and could still provide good protection in the sort of outbreak that we are seeing in Western Africa at the moment.”