Tag: world bank

  • Fed Govt, World Bank earmark $600m for rural roads, others

    Fed Govt, World Bank earmark $600m for rural roads, others

    The Federal Government and the World Bank have unveiled a $600 million expansion of the Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP).

    Nigeria’s rural road network spans approximately 200,000 kilometres, but only 40,000 kilometres are functional, leaving 87 per cent in poor condition.

    The obvious infrastructure gap hinders access to markets and economic opportunities for rural communities.

    The Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Security, Aliyu Abdullahi, who announced this while addressing reporters yesterday in Abuja, said the funding encompasses $500 million from the World Bank and a $100 million counterpart contribution from the federal and state governments.

    The latest funding, the minister said, marked a significant scale-up from the previous RAAMP initiative, which saw the World Bank committing $280 million out of a total project cost of $575 million.

    The expanded project now aims to reach all the 36 states of the federation from the initial 19 states and promises transformative impacts on rural development and agricultural efficiency.

    Read Also: World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    Abdullahi explained that the RAAMP initiative seeks to enhance rural access to markets, boost agricultural productivity, and create economic opportunities for rural communities.

    The $600 million investment will be used to construct and rehabilitate rural roads, markets, and other essential infrastructure, ultimately benefiting millions of Nigerians.

    “This collaboration between the World Bank and the Federal Government is set to drive significant progress in rural development, promote economic growth, and reduce poverty.

    “The initiative also aligns with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s Renewed Hope agenda, which prioritises food security, economic growth, job creation, poverty reduction, and social inclusion,” he said.

  • Nigeria’s anti-corruption efforts hampered by data issues – World Bank

    Nigeria’s anti-corruption efforts hampered by data issues – World Bank

    The World Bank has attributed inaccuracies in federal government data systems as a major impediment to achieving fiscal transparency and fighting corruption in Nigeria. 

    This was disclosed in Abuja at the AGORA Policy conversation on anti corruption. 

    Speaking on behalf of the World Bank Country Director, Dr. Ndiamé Diop, Senior Bank Official Debby Isa noted the challenges posed by Nigeria’s data collection systems. 

    “We talk about transparency, but to achieve transparent reports, you need accurate and reliable data. Right now, the data system involves numerous manual processes that allow for leakages, long compromising fiscal transparency,” Isa said.

    Delivering the keynote address, Professor Adele Jinadu, critiqued Nigeria’s approach to combating corruption, describing it as inadequate and fragmented. “Adopting a ‘watch night man’ approach will not address Nigeria’s entrenched corruption. Without a holistic approach, efforts will amount to wasted time,” he insisted.

    Jinadu lamented the erosion of public trust in Nigeria’s institutions, emphasizing the systemic nature of corruption. 

    “We are dealing with a toxic environment where corruption pervades every institution. No matter the reforms, corruption is ultimately about morality. Our leaders consistently act contrary to the laws they pledge to uphold,” he said.

    He called on political actors to prioritize integrity and accountability, noting the constitutional duties of governance and the oversight roles of key agencies, including the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC), and the Code of Conduct Bureau.

    “The message is clear: eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. Let the sentinels on the watchtower remain awake. Nurturing such civic virtues is an indispensable guardrail against the culture of impunity in our political system,” Jinadu concluded.

    Representing the EFCC Chairman, Ola Olukoyede, at the event, Mrs. Adejoke Liman, Director of Policy and Research, outlined several challenges undermining the anti-corruption fight. These include public cynicism, the security of tenure for agency heads, and challenges in prosecuting high-profile cases.

    “Corruption remains a huge enterprise involving theft of public resources at all levels of government. Public skepticism and the ease with which public funds are siphoned without warning systems hinder the fight,” Liman said.

    She noted the agency’s strategic decision to channel recovered funds toward social investment initiatives. “Funds recovered by the Commission are financing student loans and consumer credit schemes, both of which can reduce criminal tendencies among vulnerable groups,” she added.

    In her remarks, AGORA Chairperson Ojobo Ode Atuluku emphasized the need to sustain anti-corruption efforts despite changes in government. 

    “Anti-corruption must remain on the radar. The message is as relevant today as ever,” she said.

    Atuluku reaffirmed AGORA Policy’s commitment to developing practical solutions for Nigeria’s challenges, urging stakeholders to adopt innovative approaches tailored to Nigeria’s unique experiences.

  • World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    A World Bank assisted project, Livestock Productivity Resilience Support Project (LPRES), has reiterated the organisation’s commitment to supporting Ekiti State livestock project.

    The National Project Coordinator, Sanusi Abubakar, made this known while speaking with reporters in Ado-Ekiti, at the end of a visit across livestock centres in the state.

    The places visited include;  Ado-Ekiti Main Abattoir Centre, Erifun  Livestock Development Centre and Veterinarian Office.

    Abubakar said the project would replicate efforts of the state government in turning the centres into ultra-modern poultry and piggery hubs, which would attract local and international investors to Ekiti State.

    He added that the initiative would look into upgrading Ado-Ekiti Main Abattoir Centre to an ultra-modern market equipped with technological facilities for the benefits of livestock and abattoir users.

    Abubakar said: “We are here as part of our implementation support mission. We have finished with Kogi State and now we are in Ekiti State. We have gone round like two or three places, Erefun Livestock Development Centre, Ado-Ekiti Main Abattoir Centre to see how we can intervene.

    “There’s huge prospect of L-PRES. The state coordinating office is doing extraordinary job in designing how we can intervene here. They have keyed in into the laudable initiative of the state government in the broiler programme at Erifun.

    Read Also: World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    “We have seen a level of upscaling and we are here to see how we can upscale, to give our youths the job.

    “The programme is working perfectly at Erefun for the broiler’s section and we want to see how we can expand what’s happening there.”

    On full implementation of the initiative’s activities in Ekiti, he said: “Ekiti State was approved to have a robust poultry and piggery livestock value chain. We are having it at Erifun and it’s a very huge investment that will bring a lot of investors. That place was chosen strategically.

    “There are lots of opportunities there. We are linking up to those youths that are doing the broilers activities for a robust poultry hub and piggery hub.”

  • Fed Govt eyes $500m World Bank facility for HOPE project

    Fed Govt eyes $500m World Bank facility for HOPE project

    The Federal Government is set to receive a $500 million loan from the World Bank to finance the Human Capital Opportunities for Prosperity and Equity (HOPE) project.

    The initiative aims to strengthen basic education and primary healthcare services across the country.

    The Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Senator Abubakar Atiku Bagudu, announced this when he hosted the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Mission Chief for Nigeria, Axel Schimmelpfennig, in Abuja.

    The minister said the project would enhance transparency, accountability, and performance management in the critical sectors.

    He said: “The fund will help improve recruitment, deployment, and performance management of teachers, thereby ensuring a stronger foundation for education. Similarly, it will bolster primary healthcare services, addressing gaps in service delivery and accountability.”

    Praising the World Bank for its support, Bagudu noted that the legal framework was underpinning Nigeria’s budgeting process.

    The minister explained that Chapter 5, Part 2, Section 122 of the Nigerian Constitution allows the federal and state governments to make expenditures for up to six months into a new fiscal year, pending the passage of a new budget.

    He said the ongoing economic reforms of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration aimed to develop and implement economic and tax policies that would ensure a more functional Public Financial Management (PFM) system.

    “The economic reforms are necessary decisions to put the Nigerian economy on the right track,” Bagudu said.

    Acknowledging the hardship caused by the current administration’s reforms, such as the removal of the fuel subsidy, floating of the naira, and electricity reforms, the minister reassured the IMF team of Nigeria’s commitment to economic recovery.

    Read Also: World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    Schimmelpfennig lauded the Federal Government’s tax reforms, saying increased revenue generation would lead to more development for citizens.

    “We welcome the government’s efforts at tax reform. Increased revenue generation will ensure more resources for Nigeria’s developmental needs. The IMF stands ready to support Nigeria in addressing these challenges,” he said.

    The IMF chief said his visit was part of the global financial institution’s assessment of Nigeria’s budgeting process, particularly the simultaneous implementation of the 2023 and 2024 budgets, along with supplementary budgets, as the World Bank prepared its 2025 annual report.

  • World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    World Bank pledges support for livestock production in Ekiti

    A World Bank-assisted project, the Livestock Productivity Resilience Support Project (LPRES), has reiterated the organisation’s commitment to supporting the Ekiti state livestock project. 

    The national project coordinator, Sanusi Abubakar, disclosed this on Thursday while speaking with journalists in Ado-Ekiti, at the end of a tour visit across the livestock centres in the state.

    The places visited include; the Ado-Ekiti main Abattoir Centre, Erifun livestock development center and the Veterinarian office.

    Abubakar said the L-Pres project would replicate the efforts of the state government in turning the centres into ultra-modern poultry and piggery hubs which would attract local and international investors to Ekiti.

    He added that the Initiative will look into upgrading Ado-Ekiti’s main abattoir centre to an ultra-modern market equipped with technological facilities for the benefit of livestock and abattoir users.

    He said: “We are here as part of our implementation support mission, we have finished with Kogi state and now we are in Ekiti state, we have gone around like two or three places, Erefun Livestock Development Centre, Ado-Ekiti main abattoir centre to see how we can intervene.

    “There’s huge prospect of L-PRES. The state coordinating office is doing an extraordinary job in designing how we can intervene here. They have keyed into the laudable initiative of the state government in the broiler Programme in Erifun.

    “We have seen a level of upscaling and we are here to see how we can upscale to give our youths the job.

    “The programme is working perfectly in Erefun for the broiler’s section and we want to see how we can expand and excavate what’s happening there”, he said.

    On full implementation of the Initiative’s activities in Ekiti, he said: “Ekiti state was approved to have a robust poultry and piggery livestock value chain. We are having it at Erifun and it’s a very huge investment that will bring a lot of investors and that place is chosen strategically.

    “There’s a lot of opportunities there, we are linking up to all those youths that are doing the broilers activities for a robust poultry hub and piggery hub”.

    On his part, Ekiti state coordinator of L PRES, Olayinka Adedipe reiterated the commitment of the state government towards expanding the centres to boost livestock outputs in Ekiti.

  • Radda flags off Katsina Community Development Programme, supported by AfDB, World Bank

    Radda flags off Katsina Community Development Programme, supported by AfDB, World Bank

    With the active support of the African Development Bank, AFDB, and the World Bank, the Katsina State Governor, Dikko Umaru Radda, yesterday in Katsina, flagged off the Katsina State Community Development Programme, KSCDP, designed to empower communities and ensure grassroots development through participatory governance.

    The Governor while addressing key stakeholders at the flag off, emphasised the programme’s transformative vision, insisting that development is not a gift but a collective effort, adding that the programme represents the belief by the government in the potentials of every community,  family, and every individual in Katsina.

    He said: “The CDP introduces an innovative approach to local development, establishing community development centres in all 361 wards across 34 local governments. Each centre will feature three critical offices: community development, community support and community learning, designed to address infrastructure, social services, education and economic empowerment.”

    Governor Radda further outlined key goals of the initiative, including enhancing social cohesion, economic empowerment, promoting gender equity, improving infrastructure access, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

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    He further recalled his personal research and wealth of experience about successful community-driven development models from other countries, including India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and Brazil’s Bolsa Família programme; calling on traditional leaders, local governments, and development partners to support this collaborative approach. Governor Radda also emphasised the programme’s potential to create meaningful, sustainable change.

    He announced the appointment of renowned academic and community development expert, Dr. Kamaludeen Kabir as the state’s coordinator of the Katsina State Community Development Programme (KSCDP).

    In a goodwill message, the World Bank Country Director, Mr. Ndiame Diop, commended Governor Radda’s bottom-up approach to community development, emphasising that shifting from a top-down to a bottom-up strategy fundamentally transforms project implementation.

    The representative of the African Development Bank, Mr. Taibi Karikari, also congratulated Governor Radda and the people of Katsina State for the launching of the novel Community Development Programme.

  • Kenya in talks for fresh $750m from World Bank

    Kenya in talks for fresh $750m from World Bank

    Kenya head of debt management on Wednesday said Kenya has secured a 200 million dollars loan from the African Development Bank and is in talks with the World Bank for a new 750 million dollars loan.

    The debt-laden government has been scrambling for new financing after deadly protests in June forced it to scrap planned tax hikes worth more than 346 billion shillings ($2.68 billion).

    Raphael Owino, the director general of the Finance Ministry’s public debt management office, told Reuters that the IMF’s October approval of the seventh and eighth reviews, which paved the way for a 606 million dollars loan tranche, had helped in its discussions for other lending.

    Read Also: Stop distracting Tinubu, Arewa Think Tank tells IMF, World Bank

    “The World Bank is coming on board, riding on the back of IMF receipts. The AfDB is already on board.”

    ($1 = 129.0000 Kenyan shillings)

    (Reuters/NAN)

  • World Bank’s prefectural role in Nigeria

    World Bank’s prefectural role in Nigeria

    For decades, the World Bank has played an overweening role in the economic affairs of many developing countries, advising on public finance as well as lending money. Nigeria has not been insulated from the prefectural grip of an agency many Nigerians love to hate, a grip manifested in the kind of advice they gave last week to Nigeria to audit the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited, even as they also passed judgement on Nigeria’s ongoing reforms and warned about deepening poverty. Their preening was not evident only during the Ibrahim Babangida military regime when they lauded the massive shift in Nigeria’s economic orthodoxy, the Bank’s condescension has in fact continued to have significant impact on public policy since then.

    Read Also: Nigeria seeks global support at 2024 World Bank, IMF meetings

    It is not certain that, other than sticking to the global financial organisation’s orthodoxy, Nigeria can do much in the near term to satisfy all the yearnings of the World Bank. But the longer the Nigerian reforms take to impact the lives of the people, the more the Bank will continue to sound pontifical. Increasingly, the results so far suggest that the reforms need to be perfused with local concentrates. The reforms may look nice on paper, but until they begin to aspirate local content, as indeed many developing countries which transited to developed status have discovered, the crisis may be prolonged and Nigeria could be predisposed to instability. Worse, should the crisis be prolonged, the World Bank would also become more probing, prefectural and condescending. It is time to pivot away from that ghastly desire for foreign approvals.

  • Open letter to World Bank’s Indermit Gill

    Open letter to World Bank’s Indermit Gill

    By Ahmed Olayinka Sule

    I read with interest your article published in the October 17 edition of the Financial Times titled, “Nigeria’s economic transformation must succeed.” You argue that President Bola Tinubu’s market-oriented reform is a turning point and note the need for the government to remain committed to the cause as failure could jeopardise other market reforms across Africa. However, your justification for the reforms is flawed and contradicts your suggested priorities for continued success.

    You note that the united exchange rate, petrol subsidy cuts and monetary policy tightening marks a turning point for Nigeria and must be allowed to succeed. In justifying these economic returns, you state that the deregulation of the exchange rate eliminated the arbitrage exploited by “Some local elites, who acquired dollars cheaply at the government’s expense” You argue that the petrol subsidy cuts would strengthen Nigeria’s fiscal position and shore up the Naira. Additionally, you note the monetary tightening in response to the increasing inflation would “Boost confidence in the Naira and anchor inflation expectations.”

    Despite the difficulties resulting from these reforms, you state, “Nigeria will need to stay the course if it is to become an engine of growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.”

    A famous quote often misattributed to Albert Einstein is, “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.” This would not be the first time Nigeria has implemented neo-liberal market reforms that have resulted in disastrous results. Yet, you continue to justify these ineffective reforms that heap misery upon the Nigerian masses. You completely ignore the legacy of the Structural Adjustment Program implemented in Nigeria in 1986. These reforms, which Bretton Woods Institutions championed, entailed currency devaluation, trade liberalisation, austerity and deregulation. The result was disastrous for Nigeria, and the country has yet to recover from the impact of the neo-liberal reforms.

    No thanks to the 1986 market reforms, Nigerians faced youth employment, an increase in its external debt profile, and elevated school dropout rates due to increases in tuition, business closures, economic hardship, unemployment, social unrest, strikes, de-industrialisation and reduced access to social services. It is incredulous that despite these documented impacts, you are still calling for the same reforms to be implemented again.

    As you call for the sustained commitment to these reforms, you fail to draw a link between these failed policies and the human cost. Rather, you call for the establishment of a “Cost-effective safety net to protect the most vulnerable.”  Is this not like giving someone crutches after breaking their legs?

    Due to President Tinubu’s economic reforms, which you praise in glowing terms, Nigeria faces soaring inflation, increased transport costs, unemployment, shrinking purchasing power, crime, protests, business closures, food insecurity and low industrial capacity utilisation.

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    For too long, the IMF and World Bank have developed theoretical policies disregarding the realities of people living in the Global South. In his ground breaking book, “Confessions of an Economic Hitman,” John Perkins describes how powerful entities like the Bretton Wood Institutions manipulate the Global South in the interest of the West. It is easy for officials from Bretton Wood Institutions to pontificate about the merit of market-oriented reforms and urge Nigerians to stay with the cause amid hardship.

    Ha-Joon Chang describes organisations and people as Bad Samaritans pushing Neo-liberal reforms while ignoring the West’s protectionist past. It is hypocritical for Western countries, along with their agencies, to advocate free-market reforms while, at the same time, they are giving subsidies to protect their critical industries. Examples of these Bad Samaritans are the USA, which, with one side of its mouth, says that it supports President Tinubu’s steps to reform Nigeria’s economy, including ending the fuel subsidy and unifying foreign currency exchange rates. In contrast, with the other side of its mouth, it gives a $369bn subsidy programme to spur investment in green technology and address climate change. As this is happening, the IMF and World Bank look the other way even though the USA has a debt-to-GDP ratio of 122.3%.

    Mr. Gill, your proposed safety net seems to be at odds with the deteriorating fiscal position of the country. As more people fall into poverty due to the devaluation of the Naira and removal of fuel subsidies, wouldn’t the safety net you propose to mitigate the effect of the reforms worsen the country’s fiscal position, leading to a vicious cycle of more reforms leading to more poverty to fiscal deficits?

    The policies you support should not be called economic reforms, but rather economic suicide. Nigeria is not facing an economic transformation but rather an economic Armageddon. Rather than supporting policies which suck the blood out of Nigerian masses, the World Bank should turn its attention to tackling corruption and illicit financial flows. According to the IMF, the implicit subsidy will cost Nigeria $5.9 bn. However, according to the Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre, Nigeria loses $18 billion annually to illicit financial outflows driven by tax evasion, corruption, organised crime and trade mispricing. There are alternative solutions, and it’s time we explore them.

    Furthermore, according to the Independent Corrupt Practices & Other Related Offences Commission, Africa loses approximately $50 billion annually due to profit shifting by multinational corporations, with Nigeria accounting for 20% of this loss. Research by PwC revealed that Nigeria’s 2014 GDP could have been 36% higher if it had reduced corruption to Malaysia’s levels, and up to 37% of GDP could be lost by 2030 if corruption is not dealt with immediately. These illicit financial flows would not have been possible without the help of the Western financial system in the form of financial institutions and tax havens, which aid these illicit flows by concealing beneficial ownership, reducing tax liabilities and facilitating money laundering.

    In conclusion, rather than calling on stakeholders to support the draconian Washington Consensus reforms, Bretton Wood Institutions should rethink its neoliberal ideology, which your predecessor Joseph Stiglitz describes as “Another example of the rich old boys club imposing their will.”

    •Sule, CFA, financial analyst, writer, documentary film maker and social critic, writes via <suleaos@gmail.com>

  • Neither World Bank nor IMF

    Neither World Bank nor IMF

    For daring to put its snout into the Nigerian trough uninvited, and also for going as far as to proffer an endorsement to Tinubunomics at a time the wailing tribe have desperately sought to declare it a disaster, a good number of Nigerians have since drawn the daggers at the Breton Woods institution – the World Bank

    So much for his audacity for saying what most Nigerians probably hate to hear about the twin pillars of Tinubu administration’s reforms – the removal of fuel subsidy and abolition of the multiple foreign exchange regime introduced by the current administration – the World Bank Country Director for Nigeria, Ndiame Diop insists that while the reforms may bring hardship, they are actually the tonic needed at this time to ensure the nation’s long-term stability.

    “Reversing these reforms would be detrimental and would spell doom for Nigeria”, he was quoted to have said.

    The bank’s Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Indermit Gill, would echo a similar sentiment: Nigeria requires the next 10 to 15 years of the reforms to establish itself as a leading economic power, in sub-Saharan Africa and the global stage.

    I guess that it does matter that the message is coming from a quarter that most Nigerians have come to loathe. After all, Nigerians are only too familiar with the Breton Institutions with their misery-inducing conditionalities. Such have been their meddling in the political economy as indeed our officials’ wild embrace of their doctrinae prescriptions, warts and all, that Nigerians’ patriotic instinct should ordinarily be roused into action at the mention of their name. 

    Yet, for the tribe that have long gone past convincing about the current path as being anything but ruinous, they are free to see the endorsement as taking nothing from an assumed toxic brew, but rather as supplying a quick-acting, but no less lethal enzyme to the mix!

    So much for the Tinubunomics and its lofty promises of renewed hope; the metrics, some 17 months after, not least the harsh realities that Nigerians are forced to contend with, are to say the least, dispiriting. And so also the pains that Nigerians are forced to bear together with the palpable frustrations that have attended to them. Not discounting the palpable anomie and the helplessness in the face of the increasingly unbearable cost of surviving the current time.

    My question: couldn’t these have been foreseen; or better still, couldn’t these have been foreseeable? Shrugged off as many are wont to about the answer which are in plain sight, it seems to have been long settled that the demon, of which Nigerians and their utterly irresponsible elite has long opted to live in its denial, will somehow have to be confronted someday. That is the essence of Tinubunomics, an exigency forced on the nation in the moment of dire emergency.

    It is precisely why those fingering the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as the author and finisher of the ongoing reform and so blame them for the current predicament, alongside their partners framing the issues as ideological could not be more wrong! In fact, the old anger about some external bodies forcing an unpopular pill down the throat of a hapless nation would seem not only diversionary but an extension of that old culture of denial that birthed the lingering debate on the subsidy.  

    The point really is that the problems are ours to fix; aside the plain common sense of it, it is hard to see anything that remotely suggests a meddling by any external body in what the government has done.

    But then, as the government may have also now realised that forcing a shift from the programmed misapprehension of the subsidy question by a section of the vociferous elite is not exactly the same as getting the majority of Nigerians to accept either the fact or the justice of it. One thing is clear though: to say that Nigerians are no more convinced that the government acted right on the matter than they were pre-May 29, 2023 is merely stating the obvious. Sadly, none of the argument about the quantum of under-recovery known to run into trillions every year, the industrial scale smuggling of our relatively cheaper fuel across the borders, seems to have settled anything.

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    The same could be said of the merging of the forex rates. The government’s explicitly stated rationale about dismantling the arbitrage-laden infrastructure that characterised the old forex management regime might seem the right thing for all times and seasons, not a few, apparently, are still of the persuasion that the forex regime under which those connected to the corridors of power had free passage to a world of wealth without work through discretionary forex allocation should still be in place!

    As it appears, the problem isn’t just that the government chose to tread a difficult, but sensible path, but that an institution like the World Bank also thinks it is the most pragmatic thing to do! And that in our clime is supposed to be treasonable! Can anyone beat that?

    World Bank officials or not – Nigerians surely, do not deserve the programmed confusion that have trailed them. For nothing in the consequential measures undertaken by the administration could be deemed to be outside of what the then candidate Tinubu said he would do. And surely, the administration has never been in denial about the pains that would be associated with the measures. As for those having problems with the prerogative of an elected government to undertake such reforms as it deems proper and right for the people, they are certainly entitled to their fantasies; only that administration will not be judged by those standards as much as the ultimate deliverables.  

    I guess takes us to the final point. Surely, the administration has assured that the current pains are temporary. It has to be. With Nigerians currently are at the tipping point, the challenge is for the government to make the people feel the impact of the various ameliorative measures it has put in place.

    Take the CNG initiative as an example, the government still has a long way to deepen its penetration particularly among the commercial transport workers. At the moment, the progress in that sector would seem too slow given the dire emergency currently facing the country. Same with the other broad initiatives rolled out by the government; somehow, they have been rather tardy in delivering on their objectives. Now seems the best time for Nigerians to begin to see results.

    As for the exchange rate, this columnist has made the point before: there is nothing sacrosanct in the exchange rate. The only solution is for the country to export more. We know the challenge with oil production; the problems in that sector are unlikely to disappear anytime soon. As an alternative, there has to be a renewed focus on the non-oil sector. Thus far, Nigeria seems to have made a bad job of it!

    Time in view, for a strategic rethinking of the economy!