The World Bank Group has advised countries to invest an average of 1.4 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually to reduce emissions.
Such investment, the bank said, could reduce emissions by 70 per cent by 2050 and boost resilience.
The analysis, climate and development: An Agenda for Action, compiles and harmonizes results from the Bank Group’s Country Climate and Development Reports, covering over 20 countries that account for 34 per cent of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
It shows that investment needs are markedly higher in lower-income countries which are more vulnerable to climate risk, often exceeding five per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The World Bank said the countries will need increased amounts of concessional finance and grants to manage climate change impacts and develop along a low-carbon path.
The report draws from the richness of the individual country reports and highlights lessons for countries on integrating climate and development objectives.
It finds that this approach to climate action can help them manage the negative impacts of climate change, while generating positive impacts on GDP and economic growth, and delivering critical development outcomes such as reducing poverty. The key conditions for success include impactful reforms, improved allocation of public resources, higher mobilization of private capital, and significant financial support from the international community.
“Achieving climate and development objectives must go hand in hand. Climate action is a key global public good, requiring significant new financing from the global community and mechanisms for inflows,” said World Bank Group President David Malpass. “Well prioritized and sequenced climate actions, strong participation of the private sector, substantial international support and a just transition are critical components for impact.”
The report also notes that while all countries have to increase their climate action, high income countries with their greater responsibility for emissions need to lead the way with deeper and more rapid decarbonization, as well as increased financial support to lower income countries. Major current and future emitters in the developing world also have a key role to play for the world to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. The report also examines the technologies and innovations needed for lower carbon intensity production of electricity, steel, cement, and manufacturing, and how the world will build green and efficient supply chains for a sustainable future.
Countries need to prioritize and sequence key investments and policy reforms, according to the report. These will deliver multiple benefits. And emission reductions can deliver immediate development outcomes such as reduced vulnerability to fossil fuel price volatility, improved trade balances and enhanced energy security, and better air quality and related positive health impacts. Early action can also avoid locking countries into high emitting infrastructure and systems, which will be costly or even impossible to transform in the future.