Category: Sam Omatseye

  • Knowledge versus vanity

    So, in an election where over 700,000 people were to launch a new leader through the vote, it boils down to barely 3000 persons. The fate of millions of Osun State citizens caves in to the oligarchy of the people. Oligarchy often entails men of money, influence and power, wheel horses on the crest of society. But for Osun State, we have the oligarchy of mere mortals.

    Those who will on Thursday decide whether it is the PDP or APC will not be a crowd in a serpentine queue curling into the streets across the state. Whether it is the dancing fellow with the chef’s cap, or the quiescent financial wizard with a shy tongue, it is not the will of the collective people this time. It is the will of the people, all right. But a few, a micro politics determining the large macrocosm of the collective will.

    It may not be the moneybags, per se. Not the big-time business man. Not the bureaucrat. We may have a sprinkling of them. But it will be the owner of roadside market stall, a mechanic, a wizened teacher, the tottering old retiree, the amala peddler who will lord it this time. They are the strange oligarchs. It is a fleeting crown, owned in less than half a day, but an accolade of consequence.

    From now, the real oligarchs, the party mavens and warriors of political retailing, will turn them into the damsels of democracy. They will woo them, make horse trading for them. They will reach for the cavernous purses, coin the right language, bow where necessary, rise with them, paw, bribe, cajole, tease.

    These oligarchs will vote in the few polling areas cancelled by the professorial INEC umpires. This breed of democrats is rarely seen in history, unless we flash back to the Greek era or the turbulence of the Italian democracy in the age of Machiavelli. It sometimes is one person like Rosa Parks who ignited a revolution for not moving her feet, or Harriet Beecher Stowe who authored the earth-shaking, anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. When she visited President Lincoln at the White House, he remarked: “So, you are the little woman that wrote the book that started this war”. Or a group like the few young black men and women who set the stage for the civil rights tempest in the United States. The late journalist David Halberstam documented that age in his immortal book, The Children.

    But they are not the typical oligarchs. Their power is basically passive. They won’t spend. They won’t hold nocturnal trysts. They will lose no sleep. They will wait for the persuaders, those who have stakes in APC and PDP. They are, in a sense, the jury men and women of the ballot, a few asked to decide where the people’s justice may lie. They are the filters and conscience of the over 700,000 who voted on Saturday September 22.

    Philosophers of democracy have often suspected the view that it depends on the majority. Whether we look at the evolution of the American system with his baggage of slavery, Jim Crow, the moral ambiguity on race and immigration, or the British system with the carefully choreographed topsy-turvy of its parliamentary system, or the seeming hybrid of the French, the fingers of a few loom large.

    But it may not be that simple. These little men may suddenly wake up to their power, the magnitude of their littleness. Politicians may now turn the few polling areas into new areas of command, knocking from door to door. As our politics goes, the new-minted politics of the stomach may pop into significance. Will it be free and fair from the point of view of those who collect money and cook for the day? Or will it be free and fair for the people. The little man wants to decide big. As Winston Churchill, who loved and hated democracy, stated, “at the bottom of all tributes paid to democracy is the little man.”

    But while all these are taking place, how much thought has gone into the biography or track records of the leading candidates, especially the chef-capped Adeleke? How many of the people think about his thespian proclivities, his penchant to dance, if uncreatively. How does a dancer become a candidate when he is an airhead, a mercurial entertainer, unable to rise as a student, and whose only badge of honour as a scholar is an F9 at school certificate, according to WAEC?

    How does a man with little knowledge become a hit with the little man? And how does he handle education and succeed a man, Rauf Aregbesola, who has raised the stakes in education for a generation in the state, not only with school feeding, but equipping and building some of the best in the land?  How does a dancer associated with a high flyer relative who can sing, and who speaks English that stumbles, understand how to pick a good handler of infrastructure, or youth empowerment, or health care system? Were his voters not conscious they were trying to enthrone an alawada as governor?

    It is one of the tragedies of democracy that knowledge is not as important as sentiment. Sentiment can be cloaked as knowledge. Some of the great supporters of Trump, or Erdogan or Duterte or even Hitler, Franco are not necessarily dumb. Knowledge has ceded its pride of place to nativist hysteria or quest for entertainment. They won’t concede they have no knowledge, rather they would think in the words of the writer Isaac Asimov that “my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge.”

    Have those people reflected on the profile and achievements of Oyetola? Maybe not. Maybe they prize dramatics over mathematics, flamboyance over performance. Or they want stage performance as governance.

    The heft of Oyetola’s following only indicates that, in spite of Aregbesola’s challenges, many saw the brilliance over the mistakes, the infrastructural work, scores for education and health care, especially his triumphs in the areas of the welfare state unequalled in the country.

    So, September 27 will be the day of the little man to make the point. Will he vote knowledge over vanity? That is the question.

     

    Nigerian actress blazes London stage

    The city of London holds a special allure for me: its theatre. The old colonial enclave, with its memory of suffocating arrogance, accepts my forgiveness

    Omatseye (left) and Uwajeh
    Omatseye (left) and Uwajeh

    when I waltz into its histrionic chambers to see great plays. I saw quite a few in my recent sojourn there, including Oscar Wilde’s hilarious The

    Importance of Being Earnest. But one play I had read quite a few times that I longed to see in flesh and blood has been Shakespeare’s King Lear. It’s the bard’s best offering and its immortality shines even today with many demented men at the helm. King Lear, who loses his mind because he cannot see beyond the flattery of his fragile ego, sold out at the Duke of York theatre as most great plays in London. I had to pay to stand for a happy three hours. For me the highlight was not my weary feet but the flair of a Nigerian Actress, Anita-Joy Uwajeh, who played Cordelia, whose mollifying wisdom reigns in the end of the story, even if she dies with her father Lear. She energised the stage with her soul and the Times of London lauded her “self-contained” brilliance.

  • Directed primaries

    It is the best of ideas. It is the worst of ideas. Whatever it becomes, depends on whether the best or the worst of us triumphs. I prefer the concept of direct primaries to what is now called the indirect primaries.

    The concept of the direct primary comes with all that we desire in a contest of unequal people, especially when we want the best. Contests don’t always give us the best, but they hand us a result, depending on who the judges are and what they like. Merit is not always king, even though we should covet it. The direct primary should give us merit – though it might not – , but it is the best option of popular persuasion. That is why it is the best of all options.

    The indirect primary is called the caucus option in the United States. In that case, a few well-organised persons or groups, or sometimes a mighty individual, stirs a select few to pick a candidate. Even in the United States, only a few states follow that option and they include Iowa, Minnesota, Colorado, et al. Obama edged out Hillary because of his sway over the caucus system in some key states.  Here in Nigeria, the indirect primary holds on to the thesis that the delegates represent everyone, and they vote to represent the will of the majority of the party.

    It calls to mind the concept of indirect rule introduced by the British to characterise their system. History teachers have taught it for many years. But in my class at Ife, Professor Tunji Oloruntimehin blew it to shreds.  If you are at the top of the hierarchy, and you appoint those at the various levels to make decisions as agencies of your architecture of governance, does that make it an indirect rule? That will make a CEO an indirect boss of the cleaner. The British tried to purify themselves by differentiating their style from the French assimilation policy.

    The term was a dubious language of self-exculpation. The British did not want to take responsibility for their tyrannous follies. In the East, they appointed warrant chiefs who could do their biddings. They accepted the chiefs and kings around the country that did their biddings and flushed out those who did not. The phrase indirect rule calls to mind what philosophers, especially literary thinkers, called rhetoric of discourse. The French man Michell Foucault led the gang of those who warned of this linguistic treachery, especially in his classic work, Madness and Civilisation.

    Language is the source of strength, deception, ambition, failure, the rise and fall of civilisations. Some leaders have chosen words that healed a nation and ruined them. Churchill mobilised the English language to battle. Hitler turned the German into the blood and thunder of Jewish pogrom. The Roman Emperor Nero swept crowds of Christians into inferno. US President Roosevelt stirred the hopes of his country during the Second World War when he said the only thing they should fear was fear itself. Bill Clinton’s words, “I feel your pain,” turned the tide of his polls fortunes. Jonathan’s shoe comment revved up pathos of electoral finality.

    Indirect primary is the wrong use of language. When they say indirect, they are saying the majority of the people are voting indirectly through the few. It is one of the great deceptions of democracy. Just like when a people are asked to vote lawmakers who represent them in the parliament. The few become oligarchs. They come as refined, but they are like a bear in a beauty queen’s gown. In Nigeria, the indirect primary is often the diktat of one man. They sometimes swear them to oaths, and some of them bring it into a mystical realm, with broths and rites of juju coming into the fray. Where were the majority when the occult darkness was playing out? They should not be called indirect primaries but directed primaries.

    Not that the direct primary is altogether innocent. But it is less prone to individual manipulation. The one who will turn the majority vote will have to use more subtle vibes. The master in this age is Donald Trump. He has revived through the twitter handle the old ways of the political crowd. Political historians have argued that the death of the industrial age had cancelled the concept of political charisma. In those days, a man could mount the podium like Cicero, Hitler or even Churchill, and touch the popular breast with the blue flame of his rhetoric. With technology, television and radio, it was thought that the era was buried. Even Internet, with its capacity to demystify, worsened the prospect of the demagogue. But Trump tweeted himself into Neanderthal charm. Duterte, Erdogan, Orban, and even the provocateurs of BREXIT brought back the 19th century with its screaming crowds and lusts. We only hear the mute hollers on our Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. In those days, we had charisma in flesh and blood. Today, charisma is digital. The former yielded Hitler and Mussolini, the saw-dust Caesar. The digital one has given us Trump, et al. The crowd, whether online or offline, is the same through the ages, neither wise nor foolish, but subject to the impulses of a few powerful men.

    German political theorist Hannah Arendt said representation would not happen again after the Greek era when politicians spoke direct, without even the microphone filter, to crowds and achieved the closest to heart-to-heart connection.  Arendt, the author of the Origins of Totalitarianism and The Human Condition, did not acknowledge that even the Greeks thrived on slavery and women lacked the franchise.

    In the so-called indirect primary, the strong man holds unquestioned sway. Imo State APC is a good example with Okorocha. In the direct primary, the strong man has to show extraordinary acumen and must flatter the secret hopes of the majority to prevail. The options are clear.

    The good news is that we have begun the conversation, and it augurs well for our battle against the strong man in our politics.

     

    Loss

    I lost her, forever. I remember the song from years ago, Sweet Mother. I hear it now, its haunting, undying notes. I just returned from vacation, and it is the sour taste of her death that overshadows me. Salome Omotemevo Omatseye, passed on at a young age of 75. She died because of medical negligence. Her state worsened suddenly even though she had complained of some pains a few months back. It turned out they had been treating her for something else. When it was detected as cancer it had metastasised and was irreversible. Even a medical hospital she was rushed to while I was away had no bed, and they treated her in a car. She was moved to another prominent hospital more interested in excuses to collect tons of money than treatment. She died in a third that found the same result charging less than a tenth of the second hospital. I don’t want to name a hospital because the practice is universal in the country. Remember Gani was misdiagnosed by the best hospital money can afford in Nigeria.

    Salome was not perfect, but she raised me. When I was in Government College, Ughelli she accompanied me every year from Ibadan to Orogun, her home village, and escaped death on her return in a fatal accident near Ore. At one time when I was ill, we arrived the old Bendel State at night in a squall of rain, and the roads were so bad, the transporter dropped us in the middle of nowhere. I can still hear the panic in her voice as we walked miles on marshy roads near midnight to find a village to pass the night. She feared I would expire that night. It was from her I learned the abc and 123 when she was a seamstress during the civil war.

    May the Lord bless her spirit!

  • Ruin of law

    Let’s not get it wrong. President Muhammadu Buhari did not blindside us with the rule of law discharge. From many comments, including the sapient intervention from Professor Wole Soyinka, the president emerged as though plotting a stealth outburst of cannonades on human rights.

    We don’t have to look to see that we have been bleeding inside our bones. We don’t need to expect another blow. In the words of a character in Shakespeare’s play, King Lear, we can “see it feelingly.” If it happens later, it is not because we needed an ominous reassurance of the coming reign of terror. Buhari is not a stealth bomber. He is a B-2 Bomber, telegraphing the doom ahead of its evil hour. If you don’t see, it is because you are not looking, or you are not hearing.

    When he remarked that the national interest superseded the rule of law, he was speaking from an instinct. He was echoing what he was already doing and what he understood by the rule of law. He was not asking anyone to agree or disagree. He was not throwing the matter open for debate. He was just making what he saw as a routine affirmation of tested truth.

    It was a written speech. So, it was no accidental discharge. His intellectually vacant attorney general must have seen that cave man’s justice in a presidential speech of the 21st century, and he let it go.

    The tested truth Buhari learned when he was in the army. The Nigerian Army, rooted in the old hierarchy of colonial logic, saw the state as the first estate. The state made the laws, and the laws were subject to the state. He served in the army cut out of the Prussian era of the 19th century. It was an army with a state and not a state with an army. The army saw itself as the creator of the state, and the state then created the laws. How could the national interest of such a state be subject to the rule of law when the rule of law was the baby of a cabal in power?

    Nor is Buhari alone. Our political elite is not innocent. The APC at the moment is in the grips of a philosophical crisis as to whether to adopt direct or indirect primaries. Our elite find it difficult to form a consensus on what values should undergird our laws. So, how could they agree on a law or set of rules? Laws for our leaders are not essentially about values, but interests. In such a scenario, rule of law, or the law of rules, will matter only to the extent that they fondle their interests.

    Buhari comes from two traditions that make such a contempt for the rule of law feel like a force of nature. Apart from the army, it is the feudal background. In such cases, it is easy to understand that he sees the supremacy of what he calls national interest as preceding the law. It has always been so in this country, even under our so-called democratic presidents. John Adams described the America as a nation of laws and not of men. His world view is the opposite, just like most of our political elite.

    Obj did that when he was president. Jonathan did so when he was president. Buhari is doing so now. They define national interest in their own rights.  They privatised the definition of the interest, and go ahead and act with force. They don’t see it as impunity but the anguished majesty of the law.

    In the case of Sambo Dasuki, whatever he has done wrong, is perceived as against the nation’s interest. If the law courts are disobeyed, it is because the law is foolish, and they who made the law are wiser.  If El Zak Zaki remains under lock and key, it is because John Locke’s concept of law and liberty make no sense except in the English or European provenance where the philosopher conceived it.

    We need to free our democracy for democracy’s sake. We have not understood the power of law over individuals, even if that individual is the president. That is what is still malignant in this democracy. The strong man edges out the small man because he contains the law. The law was made for the big man and not the big man for the law.

    History has recorded cases where the law was abandoned in democracies. One of such was during the Second World War in the United States. Under President Franklin Roosevelt, Japanese Americans were swept into camps because the United States was at war with Japan. But the Japanese were citizens like any other Caucasian. But Roosevelt saw it differently. The nation was largely quiet. It was a gross violation of individual liberty and the sovereignty of human rights. Today, the Caucasians conveniently lament that episode. The second was during the American Civil War, and Abraham Lincoln suspended the habeas corpus. Habeas corpus is a writ that requires a person who has been arrested to be brought before the court. Lincoln saw this as a luxury in war just as the fear in Roosevelt prompted him to intern the Japanese Americans.

    The difference between what Buhari is doing and what Lincoln did was that Honest Abe sought Congressional approval. Roosevelt invoked his executive order, and put over 110,000 persons in concentration camps.

    It shows that democracy is very fragile and one man can amass coercive powers and it could seem legitimate. In the 1960’s, historian Arthur M. Schlesinger called it “the imperial presidency,” but it dates back to the age of President Andrew Jackson, the role model of Trump in his fever of xenophobia and white supremacy.  Such powers are in vogue these days from Donald trump in the United States to Duterte in the Philippines. It is nothing new today, but it has taken over the psyche of desperate masses in what Yale professor David Runciman describes as “zombie electorate” in his new book, How Democracy Ends. Law is in danger of the mob today because a popular leader can suspend a law and the people will follow.

    This undearmines the purpose of the rule of law. On the surface, the argument is that the law belongs to the people, and if the majority agree with the suspension of a law or a roguish update of its meaning, then actions taken by the new interpretation are legal. Especially if you get judges to back you up. Clever dictators don’t undermine the law, they remake them. That is what is dangerous. From the preventive detention act of the first republic and in several African countries in the 1960’s to decree two. When Buhari said, “the press? I will tamper with it,” he found a law to justify it. Rule of law is great, but whose rule of law before we ruin it?

    Mussolini, Hitler, Franco, even apartheid had what you may call popular governments, and their laws, however savage, trumped all common-sense approaches. That is why some political philosophers have called for what is termed epistocracy, which is system based on knowledge. But who determines when the electorate is wise or foolish? John Stuart Mill believed in this, but modern democracies are not fuelled by logic but sentiment. Is it a death knell for democracy, or it is just a puff that will pass away? It is good to fight for the rule of law, but let us know the law first. As Thoreau said, “the law never made anyone a whit more just,”

    Our own democracy is looking more like a “dumbocracy” than an epistocracy, and in that sense we are no different from what is prevailing in the world. Poverty is playing a big role in this, and our politicians are exploiting this cynical feast.

     

     

    Lalong vs Dalung

    The names sound almost the same. They have two phonemes.  One starts with an L and the other with a D. In the second part of the name, they sound the same, except that one is spelt with an O and the other with a U. They hail from Plateau State, and they are both politicians. Both are as far apart as their names are close. The first is Simon Lalong, Plateau State Governor. The other is Solomon Dalung, sports minister.

    But it is Dalung that is long on foolishness. It beats me why Buhari has not fired this disgrace in the Federal Executive Council. This is the man who has disgraced Nigerian football, disdained the rule of law, flouted the codes of international soccer and FIFA and thrown soccer in chaos. As if that is not enough, he has the shameless boldness to speak on violence in Plateau, stoking the blame on his not-namesake.

    Quite a few days before the rise of violence, the state warned that some people were trying to revive violence for political reasons, and we saw the series of killings afterwards. What is Dalung doing in the centre stoking the flames in his own state by throwing rhetorical flames at Gov. Lalong? The violence ought to be handled by the Federal Government of which he is a part, and if politics is in the heart of it, he should be part of the solution. Shame indeed.

     

  • One fell blow

    It was a sort of tempest in a dark place. Bellwether minister was angry, and he went out of his mould of quiet cunning, and came down on his target with the unsubtle severity of a cat. Babatunde Raji Fashola (SAN) would not let a certain Sunday Oduntan get away with it.

    Fashola’s source of fury was a spokesman of a body the minister would not deal with because it had no place in law. It was The Association of Electricity Distribution of Nigeria. This was over a month ago, and it was a measure of the friction between the minister and the DISCOs, who distribute power to all of us in offices and homes.

    With his hair famously waving farewell to its dark sheen, he now looks more hoary than his age. It is a marker of his jobs, as three-in-one minister. But power is the most demanding, and the most public of his worries.

    Just as his job is a trinity, so the power sector. Yet of the generation, transmission and distribution, the area with the most challenge has been distribution. Ordinarily, we would expect it to be generation. But we generate more than we enjoy. So power is both tangible and in tangible. That is one of the drawbacks and most suffocating of the challenges.

    The problems go back to the Jonathan era when the investors of the power sector, especially the DISCOs rushed into investment. They did it with enthusiasm. They took loans. They set up companies. They joyed over a goldmine. With about N11 trillion in debt, they now see theirs is more of a landmine. Some of them have lost arm and legs. They have threatened to part with the investment. With arms and legs gone, how do you run even if you should? To paraphrase American novelist Ernest Hemmingway, they cannot be strong in broken places.

    It has been said over and over that the due diligence was not one of the jewels of the process of taking over the distribution arm by the DISCO owners. They have denied it and said they did it based on what was available. They physically and metaphorically leapt in the dark. The result is debts and their inability to pay.

    Yet one of the fundamental problems is that power is expensive, and DISCOs have seen that their ends cannot meet. Government agencies are owing  a whole lot, while the DISCOs are owing the NBET, or National Bulk Electricity Trading Company.

    They cannot win if fight is their option with the minister. The minister also knows that fight is  maliase when what is at stake is a big, lumbering fight against the prevalence of darkness. That means a nation at the nether of development. That means more unemployment, more frustration among youth and families, more militancy, more failure of state.

    One of the major  frustrations is the inability of the DISCOs to make ends meet. The federal agencies are owing a lot of money. Yet the DISCOs are owing the body that channels power to the 11 DISCOs, the Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET).  Every day, every hour debts mount. Payment cannot catch up with the payload. They put that debt profile at N800 billion, but the minister says they are playing clever with the math. Yet the sum is staggering.

    Yet the more difficult part has been the question that has worried both minister and DISCOs, and that is how do we pay for power? Do the tariffs reflect the investment. The DISCOs and some analysts say, for every N80 invested, the consumer pays about N30. The shortfall is a burden on the DISCOs.

    This has been addressed by the proposals in the minister’s power sector recovery programme, or PSRP, that the federal executive council has approved but needs to implement with greater vigour. This sets out ways to help the power sector with metres, and also with cushioning the debt burdens of the DISCOs and pare the insolvency of the sector. But the Buhari Administration has to do more, and help the minister at the level of the federal executive council to implement the PSRP. The World Bank, IFC and even the African Development Bank have promised to furnish the sector with close to $ 5 billion dollars. They are waiting.

    Also at bottom is the chicken and egg conundrum. Are we ready to pay for power in Nigeria? Power is not cheap. Our people avidly buy so much data a day on frivolous calls on our cell phones. It costs as much to pay for power. It is also said that if the federal government puts the required funding in place and power is suppled regularly, will the poor pay? It is an uncharted territory. But the federal government and National Assembly have to help the minister.

    The DISCOs have not helped matters when they cherry pick who to supply power, leading to eruptions of protests of late. What is needed now is a robust dialogue that allows the bellwether minister enough leeway to make the foreign funding come in.

    The bellwether minister must be smacking his lips these days. He must also be besides himself with fury. These antipodal emotions are not altogether out of place, if you consider the fortunes of the power sector since he mounted the saddle of darkness.

    First, he met the power situation in a whirligig. DISCOS were dancing into a tailspin with complaints. Consumers wanted many things and seemed to get nothing. They wanted meters, and they had excuses. They cried out against excuses, and they had more excuses.

    Yet the minister has recorded success. Power sparked from a measly 3000 megawatts to an unprecedented 7000. It was not always there but it was mostly in that neighbourhood. This good news meant more supply.

    The NBET is owed too much. The DISCOs are owing too much just like the federal agencies. It shows that quite a lot of money is needed. The DISCOs have made their mistake. History of mistakes should be a source of rumination, not ruination. The minister’s heart is in the right place, but he needs a president that must take the matter as such. If we have a federal government that says power is the only thing it wants to do, it will solve education, infrastructure, jobs, et al with one fell blow.

    No government till date has showed more enthusiasm and methodical approach to power as the Buhari administration. Yet a lot has to happen and it involves creating  a meeting of minds.

  • When Nobel Prize winner Naipaul visited Nigeria

    The world woke up last Saturday to the news of the death of Trinidad-born British author, V.S. Naipaul. The Nobel Prize winner passed on at his London home at the age of 85. About 10 years ago, the controversial writer and his wife, Nadira were guests of the Chairman of the board of The Nation Newspaper, Mr. Wale Edun, where the Chairman of the editorial board of the newspaper had a rare interview with him. Excerpts from the rare encounter are reproduced below.

    ONCE in a rare while, a journalist comes upon a scoop, a delightfully subversive editorial idea, or a personage of earthquake proportions. Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul came to Nigeria in the form of a genius and SAM OMATSEYE, editorial board chairman of The Nation, engaged him for about an hour and a half. Naipaul, winner of the Booker Prize and Nobel Prize for literature among several others, is a treasure some critics have described as the greatest novelist in English writing today.

    This treasure arrived in a Mercedes Benz car in the broad verdantly lush and ornate Ikoyi residence of Wale Edun, former Lagos State Finance Commissioner and Chairman of the board of The Nation Newspaper. Treasures are rare, but few are laden with so much great narratives, pithy prose, range of vision, panoply of genres and, of course, controversy as V. S Naipaul.

    He alighted from the car into the mellow Ikoyi morning air, betraying some of the unkindness of age. The over 74-year-old, in a jacket – a T-shirt underneath – was helped out of the car by his wife, both of them exuding instant bonhomie as they walked with Edun and Omatseye, a few metres into Edun’s library that Naipaul, who has gulped many a tome, described as impressive.

    With tea, coffee, tables and the ambience of books, Omatseye set out to propound questions about his writings, his reason for visiting Nigeria, his views on African writers and writing, his poetics, his preliminary impressions of Nigeria, his Nobel prize, and of course his controversies. He raked up a few in this interview, not least the piece about Nigeria’s prose doyen, Chinua Achebe.

    His wife, Nadira, also chipped in some brilliant words during the conversation, showing her fervor for her husband’s activity. She sometimes evinced her awe about the writer’s accomplishments and genius. On Achebe, Naipaul made it clear prior to the questioning that if Achebe had made comments about him in the past, he had not. This interview is his first comment on Achebe’s writings. He tried to restrain his words, but his irrepressible instinct to express himself left out some comments that are published in this interview. But the Naipaul that emerges is a thinking, engaged mind, ever ready to spar, deploying the sparkles resources of a genius. Excerpts

     

    Sir, it is my pleasure to have this interview with you, could you tell us why you are here and your impression of Nigeria?

    Naipaul: I am here to see what I can find and have to write about for a chapter of a book I am writing about Africa. I am being selective about the countries. I am not going everywhere. I have already done a piece about Uganda, the first chapter, quite long. I’d like to do an equivalent thing about Nigeria. That requires finding material which should carry on from what I have done in Uganda and not repeat it.

    Is it fiction or non-fiction?

    Naipaul: It can’t be fiction. I just arrived. How can I make things up?

    Some people have had to research for novels and you have had to do that quite a bit. You travelled to the Congo and Asia…

    I went to Congo in 1975. I went for the simple reason it would be safe to go there. Let me go back a little bit. I came from a very small place, the island of Trinidad where I was born and spent my early life. It’s 1800 square miles, nothing to compare to Nigeria. I have always been fascinated by size. One of the first things I did when I left Trinidad was to make long journeys in the same country, and in those days it meant travelling from Paris to Barcelona. That was a pretty long journey. Later that ambition grew, and later I wanted to see big rivers and Congo was big river…. That is the start of that. And I went and did a piece for the New York Review of Books. You know if you are a writer and you are living by your writing, you need people to back what you do. That was an article… the material later resulted in A Bend in The River.

    And In a Free State

    Naipaul: In a Free State was much earlier. It was a book about a people without a place. A people losing their place, about placelessness. It was a very big subject to me at the time I began it in 1969. And it hadn’t been explored by other writers. And the idea of doing this sequence about people who had lost their place came to me and at the heart was a novel was about a place like Uganda, Rwanda, a little bit of Kenya. When the book fortunately won the Booker Prize in 1971, it was an early Booker. It was before the Booker became very commercial. In those days when the Booker began in 1969, it was to acknowledge those books that were of quality that had been overlooked. It was not meant to create commercial sellers. So, I crept in under that banner. I think the very fact that it was so ambitious in that way, with different pieces, with different countries adding up t the point about people without a place.

    It disadvantaged the book.

    Nadira: Yes, disadvantaged the book. So, we have now removed the preceding stories and we have now reintroduced the novel, In a Free State. It’s a very powerful book. The other stories, too.

    Yes, it is. There was the story about the tramp.

    Nadira: Yes.

    Now, the impression you have about Nigeria so far.

    Naipaul: You mustn’t go by what I say. What will happen is that I will think a lot more about what I’ve seen and reflect, and I will know more clearly in about a month or so while working on it.

    What are your preliminary impressions?

    Naipaul: It’s unlike other colonial places; that should be said. And an important thing is its size. Size matters. We see in the news about small countries. They don’t have proper leaders because in our global world, talents go away to bigger countries, to Harvard or places like that. They leave there to their home bases…the difference in size matters. It is as people say about, eh, you know Gulliver’s Travels?

    Yes

    Naipaul: When it began small and the grass is a particular height (Jonathan) Swift doesn’t make the grass smaller. So, size matters and increasingly this will become a problem for small places. Absence of talent, the diminution of talent, the training of talent and then goes away. I don’t think that will be your problem here. Nigeria is a big country and it should be treated by its people as a big country. It should not be treated like a village. It is hard sometimes not to do so. Like in India, many politicians sometimes treat India as though it is a village. So they miss the point about the country. That’s the main point about Nigeria. There is another important point, too, is that they (Nigerians) are a very urbane people.

    (Laughter)

    Nadira: Why do you laugh?

    Naipaul: Because he is very urbane

    I can say that for myself

    Naipaul: they have a wonderful sense of humour and urbanity is a marvelous quality to have as a people. It will see you through. The rest I don’t know the economics and things like that. These will come.

    What other countries are you visiting for this book?

    Naipaul: I’ve gone to Uganda, I spent six weeks there. I will spend a little less here. There are special reason for that. I want to go to Ghana, to go to the Ivory Coast. I wanted to check what has happened to Houphet Boigny’s capital, Yamasoukro. This is a man who has made up a religion for himself.  He built a palace with its rituals, he built a moat and filled it with crocodiles and turtles and he had them fed by a man with a long white gown from Morocco every afternoon. He also built great buildings and great roads. I also wanted to go to Senegal briefly. I went to Senegal though for a short time. I have forgotten the year now to consider the nature of their religion. But it was not interesting enough at the time to persevere with the theme and now something else has come up. I think I will go to Gabon (Libreville). After that I will go to the Congo, after that South Africa. I will also go to Swaziland. That’s my itinerary. It’s amazing how much of Africa I’ve been to. I went to Mozambique on which I wrote Half a Life.

    How long will all of these take?

    Naipaul: I am writing in between the segments of my travels. But I would like to give the publisher the book by the end of next year. The book will come out at 2010.

    Some people said you won the Nobel Price many years after you should have won it. Why do you think that was the case?

    Naipaul: Because there are lots of people who think I don’t write optimistically enough and there are a lot of people from the left who thought that for a modern world this was not the kind of writing. I never think like that. I tend to write what I see. And that early novel we talked about in 1969 (Miguel Street) and 1971, In a Free State, is about a colonial country considering the expatriate. You can write that today. Now you have to write from an African point of view, which will require another kind of angle. Many people require you go against what your eyes tell you. You outline a very terrible situation and the last paragraph you say yes there is hope. It (Nobel Prize) came much later than it should, but that’s good for me because it didn’t affect me. I think it might have affected me if it had come when I was 45.

    Wole Soyinka has been writing a lot of non-fiction after the Nobel Prize. Is there something about the prize that say it’s time to concentrate on non-fiction?

    Naipaul: I consider my non-fiction became a lot long time ago an important part of my work.  I think the idea has built up in the last hundred years that writing is writing fiction.  That means making up a narrative as though that’s the only type of writing. It’s only one kind of writing and I think it’s been overplayed now.  It’s now time for other sides of writing. There is philosophy, history, biography.  There are very important disciplines and important for us to understand the world in which we live. I began of course, wishing to write because I had a talent for it because it was what was presented to me as being a writer. But because of my background, my Trinidad background, a very small background.  I came to the end of my material very quickly. I couldn’t just repeat what I had done because I had the mind.  Because I had lived a long time in England and I had travelled and I had also been to India and places like that and Africa, I used the non-fiction form to ex myself, to extend my vision. It wasn’t means of short-changing the reader or the publisher. You asked at the beginning if I was going to write fiction about Nigerian and I had to say very quickly I had just arrived, how I could do it, because you write fiction about places you know very, very well. You know people and read people your way. To do non-fiction is not to do it lesser thing because every art, including literature, is dynamic. It develops, it changes. If it doesn’t do that, it’s dead. I’ll tell you this story. Wordsworth became the poet laureate of England for many years.  He was writing wonderful little poems, the lyrical ballads, little stories in verse. Beautiful, very beautiful. Somebody said you can’t do much with this these days. There is a young man called Dickens who is writing these other books. That’s what people want to read. Before Dickens them was Wordsworth, and before him there was restoration comedy.

    There was epic poem

    Naipaul: Exactly, and Shakespeare and Marlowe and all of that. So, it’s always moving on, I think what people should do is try to see what writers are arriving at after the novel. The novel has been around too long. Everybody writes the novel. There are schools to teach you how to write the novel. I can’t imagine Dickens going to such a school.  He did it out of his own brain.  What will be the new direction? Some people think there will be no new directions. Maybe biography or writing for the films. So, there are many possibilities.

    What are the limitations of the novel? You have grappled with the idea of stopping writing the novel.  You would say this is my last and then, here is another book?

    Nadira: This is the last book on Africa

    Naipaul: Yes, that is genuinely felt because every book is exhausting to write. One gives it so much.  One has to feel that after this there can be no more.

    What is the limitation of the novel?

    Naipaul: It’s all been done before.

    You didn’t have good thing to say about the following writers: Conrad, Flaubert

    Naipau: I had few good things to say about Flaubert.

    What of Joyce, Steadhal and Proust?

    Naipaul: They so are so the European civilization. It’s so much about social ambition in that setting. It can’t have no meaning for me I have never lived in that world.  Other people have lived in that world.  They can feel moved by it. They can be informed or entertained by it, but it is too far away for me.  I think Proust (The remembrance of things Past) is too self-indulgent for way it is written. It goes on and on.

    But you have good things to say about Dickens?

    Naipaul: Early Dickens. Dickens’ carefully exemplifies the difficult of the novel. He began in 1836 with the Pickwick Papers and before that he was a reporter and writing articles…. Everything is brand new and vigour and the freshness of vision.  That makes his work much memorable.  Then very quickly he becomes very tired, he begins to copy, he begins to parody himself. And that is what people are doing most of the time with the novel.  They read the novel and try to write one like that too. They don’t write one like that too.

    Just formalistic?

    Naipaul: Yes, yes

    I think with a certain amount of pain when I began reading Dombey and son…

    Nadira: Unreadable. And Hard Times too

    Naipaul: Yes

    Nadira: Hard Times is really bad. In fact the novel killed Dickens.

    Naipaul: That’s what I said. Dickens died early. He was killed by Dickensian novel.

    That’s suicide

    Nadira: He was worn out. He died very young

    He was 58 years old.

    Naipaul: Yes Nadira: He wrote such books as David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickelby and then he ran out of material.

     

    Some people said your condemnation of those books coincide with the View that modernism is dead, so what we have now is post-modernism. This means you have to dismantle the concept of the novel as you know it today.

    Naipaul: I don’t think that will work. They tried it. The French Rob Grier tried it. They began in the 50’s I reviewed an earl Rob Grier for The Statesman, in which I made a joke, one of the many jokes people hold against me. It’s a novel so called about a man making a journey to visit his former mistress and ends in the south of France. He is in this train, stopping, yanking doors. It would be of interest if no one had been on a train before. I don’t think there is any that says we must avoid the narrative. I think the art of fiction has done its work, terrific amount of work. But literature has to move on. I mean we should set aside narrative. Everything is narrative. Without narrative there is no writing. You can’t have a string at unrelated thoughts and ideas. They have to be connected to something one way. There is no new kind of novel, it’s all been done. If you go into the classical world, the Roman world, you know there are things like novels, which come down to us. They are pretty much like novels written today.

    Let us speak about African literature.

    Naipaul: I am not an expert. I’ll talk about it nonetheless.

    We have writers like Soyinka, Achebe, and Coetzee

    Naipaul: You are bringing South Africa.

    Do you think the continent has underachieved?

    Naipaul: I am not making any judgment of their writers. You might mention Nadine Gordimer as well. The thing about writing is that it happens when they have to happen. There is little point in trying to force them. When I was in Congo or Zaire it was called in 1975, Mobutu was trying to get a novel off the ground for a celebration in Lagos.

    It was Festac in 1977

    Naipaul: He said that why can’t we get one off? You know, novels are not written like that.

    The Soviets used to commission novels

    Naipaul: Exactly.

    Would you comment on individual writers like Achebe and Soyinka?

    Naipaul: (A long pause) I think Achebe should have done more. I think he had been too tempted by the American universities. He spent too much time away from Africa. He probably has good reasons for that. I don’t know the circumstances. I last saw him during the Biafran conflicts.

    That was a long time ago.

    Naipaul: I think I saw him in New York.

    He said your writings are not really true about Africa.

    Naipaul: I won’t fight anybody who says anything like that. I can’t do it. I do what I do. If it’s untrue. I am very sorry.

    Nadira: I like his Things Fall Apart. That is the book that put Achebe on the map. After that, there is no book. We celebrated that book. You should be very grateful, Africa. That book was recommended. We had to study it.

    Naipaul: But again, it was a book about the customs of a particular people. And he had all the customs, birth, marriage, and dance, everything else. So, in a way, he had exhausted his subject. Just like Indian writers who have come out in the last 20 years or so, have grown to feel that their subjects have to be their family history. If you have written your family history, you can go home and eat your rice and stew to your heart’s content.

    Somebody once wrote that there are three things to great writing: perception, observation and language. Some are good in language like Joyce, but not so much in observation. Where would you put yourself?

    Naipaul: Observation and language. I wouldn’t claim perception because what is there is there. Language is important. Language clarifies your thought because it tells you what you feel about everything. As said, I would be sure about what I feel about Nigeria when I am writing. That is the effect of language. It requires precision. I also like to award big words. I like to reduce important ideas into very small pieces, small words and that’s a great help in clarifying ideas.

    Talking about language and precision, yon have always been compared to Joseph Conrad in other areas. Would you comment on that, because I know that Joseph Conrad used a lot of big words? Conrad used big words and some critics have accused him of a lack of restraint in the way he wrote. But then you have had similar trajectories. He was from a small country, just like you. He went to England, just like you. He also went and wrote about the Congo and Asia, just like you.

    Naipaul: I’ll tell you how all of these things began. Conrad died in 1924. He died in the University of Kent. They asked me to write a long essay about Conrad, so I read as much as I could before writing the piece (1974). And that has encouraged this idea that I am related to Conrad. In fact, the essay I wrote was full of admiration but it said the trouble I had approaching Conrad because of what it talked about.

    Nadira: Lack of restraint

    Naipaul: Lack of restraint, the wordiness, until I had grown older. I think all these things are really admirable. If you read his first novel, if someone reads it…

    Almayer’s Folly Naipaul: Yes, you can begin to see what he is doing, you can be in to feel the weather, you begin to feel the river, see the colour, see it, and he doesn’t want to let anything go. And so, that matters a lot more to me now. When I was young, it was painful. As l said that, that is what l said and I told them about his virtues, his analysis of revolutionaries 1 since heard or learnt, I just hope it is not true that as at the time he wrote that (The Secret Agent), he had not met any revolutionary. (Laughter) he had made them up in his head, and there is a very beautiful thing he did. He did a criminal revolutionary, a very fad man who he called Michaelis

    Naipaul: He gave Michaelis a patroness. What is this aristocratic lady doing with this evil who wants to blow the world up? And he worked it out. He says, she behaves that there was too much a compound of the plutocracy in the social setting and a little bomb would blow it all away and possibly her unscathed. And so, he worked that out. And one of the things I also wrote about is his gift as a middle-aged man, writing in middle age, of summing up great truths like a middle-aged man. Not the way a young man can do it. Young men don’t have the experience. I quoted a lot of it, about five or six from different books. And the one that struck me at that time because there was a kind of crisis in my own life. ‘A man to whom love comes late not as the most precious of illusions, but as an enlightening and priceless misfortune.’

    Beautiful!

    Naipaul: Conrad at that age. He would have had his up and downs. He married a Simple woman, Jessie Conrad. Her father was a warehouse man. So the great writer, his private life had one rather low. But no matter. Something else happened to her. One day, she went out shopping in the winter. The place was so frozen, she slipped and damaged her back irretrievably and she became immense. She was this elegant figure.

    That was a favourite Conrad word, immense.

    Naipaul: (Laughter) He was landed with this very big cripple and he would pretend when they went out together for their holidays or something that he had nothing to do with her (laughter)

    Naipaul: And his children, two boys, did nothing.

    The idea of priceless misfortune. That is a beautiful one

    Naipaul: Enlightening. Priceless misfortune, enlightening. To describe an affair of the heart like that, it is marvelous. No other writer has done that before in the world.

    In fact, when he was writing, in his introduction to The Secret Agent, he also reflected on how difficult it was for him. He said it was like moving from a forest into a plain. He said there is a lot of light but there is not much to see.

    Naipaul: And that led him to an act of plagiarism actually. A very early piece of writing he did. The second story he wrote. The first was called an “An Outpost of Progress” which remains a classic. A little bit overdone at the end but a classic. And then, he wrote something that tormented him called The Return. He set it in England, in London. And the story is like this: a man comes home from the railway station one day…But in that description of people getting off the train, he has inched something from Flaubert. Flaubert is writing something about the French aristocracy in the country who how an easy dominion over animals and women. And something else among the furniture… Conrad lifted that and put it in English in The Return.

    Naipaul: So that was the one thing I spotted and wrote a little piece about it in the New York Review of Books

    Conrad fascinated me at one time in my life. I read nothing but Conrad. I had to really cut myself away from him…

    Naipaul: Yes, you have to look after yourself.

    Alright, thank you very much, sir

    Naipaul: Thank you. You asked very wonderful questions. It’s been very stimulating for me.

  • Birds of praise

    I like to think we are in a dream, and waking is not permitted. For barely a month, I have hardly heard of a herdsman rampage. Or is it that no dying man is crying, no daggers flying, no widows have found funeral clothes, or are the predators acting by stealth?

    No Miyetti Allah caper. No smokes signalling a barbarian bonfire in a remote hamlet. Or are we witnessing a recess, a holiday from the familiar rhythms of slaughter? I like to know. We have not seen what in proper conflict is called an armistice, an agreement to lay down arms, to renegotiate brotherhood.

    We hear of a skirmish here and there. But even journalists, now immune to fire and fury, will admit to a lack of primitive excitement to write about. Such little fights are called low-intensity conflict. I heard this phrase for the first time in a literature class at the University of Toronto, and the professor said it referred to fights of relatively fewer casualties. I asked further, is it low-intensity conflict to the families whose hamlet is washed into oblivion? He chuckled and said it would be their holocaust. I also wondered when a history class at Ife was designated the “far east.” Is it far to those who live there? Many Nigerian families have witnessed private holocausts.

    Such designation was condemned by French philosopher Michel Foucault, who wondered why humans use language to oppress others. Yet, we cannot but say that even in Zamfara, the conflict is no longer high-intensity. Taraba, Benue, Nasarawa, Adamawa, Plateau et al. This is a bout of good fortune, it seems. If it is an armistice, let’s keep all arms at ease.

    It is clear though that no negotiation happened. No summit cooled the landscape. It was the power of arms. It is hard to simplify why a horde of barbarians go down in silence. But it is easy to say, we have used a modern-day answer to the human beast: the air force. The answer is a massive machine from the Russian deadly bouquet: it is called Mi 35.

    We have had this when many were crying for he federal government to stop the killings. We had this when they rammed into Benue and led to a mass burial and a venal outcry. We had it when Mambila wept. It was a quiet monster when Zamfara governor symbolically dropped his position as chief security officer. When Plateau crawled with blood. We had it as IDP camps swirled. We did nothing. We had it when the police chief disobeyed the president and got away with it, or when the president asked his visitors to abide with its neighbours.

    We had it when we were complaining about the failure of intelligence when Daura was more interested in settling political scores. Edmund Burke, an arch philosopher of conservatism who resisted the French Revolution, shunned inaction and said “the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.”

    Even conservatives want change, if it brings peace. The government did nothing. It dithered. But Buhari started to deploy the Russian air machine, the landscape of horror fell silent. The landscape, with its trees and bare stretches, with ponds and huts and rolling and undulating menaces, were tapestries of swagger for the so-called herdsman. Now, they can hardly ride on their motorcycles because of a bird of prey. The military aircraft is the metaphor for the bird of prey. It is the greatest fighting machine in the modern era. The so-called marauder, or what we call herdsman, has no answer to them. No matter what AK 47 they wield or if they run like a rat, they cannot escape the revanchist rat-tat-tat of the gunship. The Mi 35 is one of the world deadliest war helicopters. Not as nimble as the American Apache, but the Mi 35 is an upgrade of the  forbear, the Mi 24, and Russian soldiers call it the flying tank, or the crocodile because of its camouflage quality. If the killer squads want to attack either under the benevolent light of day or the night blanket, the Mi 35 has eyes like the owl and swoop into play. Like the eagle that kills even the earthbound predator like the cheetah, the Mi 35 sees the Nigerian killer squad as mincemeat. Like the Ted Hughes’ poem Hawk Roosting, the M1 35 can boast like the hawk that “I kill where I please because all is mine/there is no sophistry in my body.” It is equipped to vanquish army tanks and formations. If a horde of two hundred killers on motorcycles or on foot go after a village, it is little pickings for the machine. As a proverb says, “an eagle does not catch flies.”

    The aircraft does not romanticise its missions. Like Hughes’ hawk, it does not spare. It has precision capacity to kill a single foe or pulverise a squad with its unrelenting cannonade. As the writer James Richardson noted, “birds of prey don’t sing.” Rather they sting.  The Mi 35 is meant for bigger conflict than what has ruffled the polity for over a year now. The helicopter can take off from anywhere in the north or middle belt and its speed is over 300 miles per hour. What marauder can match that on foot, in a van or motorcycle?

    That is why governance is not only about taking the right decision, but also about taking them on time. We would have saved so many lives if we had acted on time, rather than allow the defence minister, in his tendentious ignorance, to argue over trade routes, or Audu Ogbeh to snort over what we have not done for the herdsman, or Buhari bellyaching over the neighbours accommodating each other.

    The machines have come to our rescue because we have decided to use what we have. They are no longer our birds of prey. They are doing well, so we can call them birds of praise. This column had earlier suggested that if these hoodlums were hiding in the forests, the aircraft could wipe them out with ruthless sorties.

    But it is not enough. What we need now is to use intelligence to pick them out, and make them face the full intention of the law. Without that, we have done nothing. They will seek other ways to revive their barbaric schemes, an antediluvian renaissance of the blood. An armistice does not guarantee everlasting peace.

    I said in this column that the goons are no spirit. We just decided not to see.  We who were blind seem now to see. If Buhari was able to take that action and send his generals to battle, he should learn that a stitch in time saves nine. So many wounds to stitch still. But do we know how many lives we have saved in the past few weeks, thanks to the Russian gunship?

    It is no time for complacency, but vigilance. Whether Buhari can sustain the dividends of peace, we shall know. For now, his critics have little say. It is up to him whether to arm his critics or harm the predators.

  • Delinquency

    An air of vanity has bustled into our politics. Not since the prelude to the Nzeogwu coup of the 1960’s. The National Assembly stalemate examples it and has proved that we the people weigh like dust in their regal hands.

    The quiet imbroglio brawls. But on the streets, indifferent silence. The vanity of politicians squelches the interest or welfare of the masses. The masses, ever their own enemies, have done their best to bolster the political class who look down at us in the malignancy of their disdain.

    We have abided the impunity of political parties. So, the politicians do what they please as they please. I have said all along that we have had crisis in the APC since the upswing of this administration, and the APC is not, in a classic sense, a political party.

    The idea of a political party is still foreign to this clime. Political parties are like football teams. Arsenal buys a Drogba today, and plays against Messi in Barcelona. Tomorrow, the players switch sides. In the easy morality of soccer adventurism, no one questions the moves. Each side hails the switch if, in their calculations, it will earn them the trophy at the end of the day.

    Political parties are not conceived that way. Its members come as apostles and foot soldiers of an idea, borne out of historical exigencies. The members join to advance the world. But politics in Nigeria is immune to such high-wire thoughts. The highest we have travelled in this regard is to sacrifice the polity to the idol of the tribe or the altar of faith, or both.

    We have followed this wounded path and taken it for granted. It is the tribal provenance of politics. But the National Assembly has fallen many steps lower in the moral slope. This is the nakedness of personal interest. It is not about anything but where bread is buttered, even if the society is not bettered.

    We are simultaneously in the Machiavellian hole and Hobbesian jungle.  A man like Bukola “Eleyinmi” Saraki is holding the Senate to ransom. He is supposed to convene but he wouldn’t. It is not because it is in the interest of the country. It is because he wants to know if it will not become a gravedigger’s moment for his prestige as the number three citizen.

    Both sides are guilty here. The APC wants him to convene to stir a house to bipartisan melee. Saraki is afraid he may fall to the guillotine. On the surface, it looks like a balance of power. But it is a balance of fear.  Each side is on a suicide march like the character in Sophocles play, King Oedipus. He sees his death and fall from grace but his suicidal impulse goads him to his end. The literary critic Killam calls it “insistent fatality.”

    APC will suffer much if it turns the house of law into a template of anarchy. Saraki may suffer a loss of authority. Unlike Eleyinmi of Village Headmaster, Saraki does not like open confrontation. He is a sly, calculating villain, a subdued showman and a reptilian stalker with a Mephistophelean eye for the easy kill. Eleyinmi of Village Headmaster craved the bloodstain, the head butts, the mud splash of conflict.

    That is why we are not having the kind of parliament in Medieval Poland that a critic described as a “divinely ordained confusion.” One thing is clear: this is a moot senate, with nothing serious on its agenda. The so-called tiff over INEC money is a storm in a swimming pool when no swimmer stirs the water and no breast stroke is splashing. In the end, a presidential power can enable the spending. We have operated an insipid, braindead chamber, with no romance of ideas or a pulse of the street? Between now and May next year, they would have only a mercantile zeal, sharing booties, hooting to the bank and plotting their return to the same parliamentary brothel of deals and sleaze.

    Since they were prorogued, what have we missed as a nation that we did not miss before when they sat without their jaws locked? Nothing except vacuous theatre. Now that their jaws are locked, we miss nothing. It reflects why scholars call developing countries weak states. They are not strong enough to affect the literacy rate, make a difference between poverty and prosperity, between safety and violence. This senate has failed in that regard aplenty.

    So, we are not missing Saraki. Rather, in an access of vanity, he is mistaking the headlines for popularity and paying homage to Obj and joining the recent series of dubious pilgrims making progress to Ota in a parody of John Bunyan. He who presided over  the demolition of three major banks with their blood trails of suicides, deaths, miseries and families ruined. That makes him Nigeria’s chief financial undertaker. He who never ran anything other than his own prosperity. He who survived a Supine Supreme Court verdict, an illiterate juridical handout by so-called wise men, who said it was a rumour that he anticipated his own prosperity in his assets declaration. I said he claimed to be a prophet of his own prosperity. He wants to be president. With all those credentials, no one else qualifies to be president. A tear for him.

    Nor is APC acting mature by haranguing Saraki. There is nothing substantially useful for this country even if Saraki is ejected. It is no more than revanchist agenda. Vice President Yemi Osinbajo should be a playbook for governance for the red chamber. In a few days, he made impotent the concept of the state as impotent. With his SARS order, he gave us a glimpse into tomorrow, an argument for state police without ruffling the law. A triumph of imagination over technicality. A riot of debates bows to the quiescence of an order. He threw a dagger at impunity by ousting Daura.

    We are quietly joyous at a tamp-down in the herdsmen crisis. This column had suggested that the air force should strafe the forests. That’s what they have done, and the guns, machetes and the swagger in the dark are fading. The air force, as angels over our soldiers, have made the sky lord over the so-called herdsman’s earth. For about a month now, Benue, Taraba, Adamawa, et al, have breathed relative peace unknown in the past year. Plateau knew peace until the bloody spasm winked into silence. To Buhari’s credit, this predated his leave. What we need now is the sustenance of peace, and justice on the arrested predators.

    While the executive can boast a few kudos in spite of its major shortcomings, the senate, including Saraki, has not justified Montesquieu’s idea of the separation of powers.

     

    Morning with the Nobel Laureate

    In 2008, I had a conversation with Olawale Edun, the chairman of Vintage Press that publishes The Nation. He is one time commissioner in Lagos. He was hosting world renown writer V. S. Naipaul. My blood ran to the hilltop and I requested an audience for an interview.

    “S’o mo npa e,” he asked in Yoruba. Translation, “Are you versed in such matters.” I said of course. He trusted me and set up an audience in his Ikoyi residence for the Nobel laureate. I had heard many things about Naipaul. He could walk out of an interview in a huff. His temper could boil like a volcano and he could cheer like a golden retriever. That morning I was to travel to Ekiti to deliver the Adekunle Fajuyi lecture organised by the cerebral governor-elect Kayode Fayemi, Jimi Agbaje, Femi Ojudu, etc. I wanted a quick interview.

    The late Naipaul
    The late Naipaul

    Naipaul materialised from a car with his wife Nadira, and we chose Edun’s hefty library as the propitious place for such a fertile exchange. The interview lasted about two hours, and it was principally of a conversation about literature from Conrad to Dickens to Achebe and the relevance of the novel in this age. I remember asking him to pick his forte in the three planks of good writing: observation, perception or language. He chose observation and language. Of course, his spare and beautiful style earned him the comment as the best “writer in English writing today.” He had few kind words for Achebe, asserting he had little to write outside the customs of his people. After Things Fall Apart, his ink ran dry. He was quick to say, if he had offended anyone, “I am sorry.” But the bard had dropped his barb and darted out of town. After the interview, he said no one had tasked him as I did in the interview. Farewell to Naipaul, who passed on last week at 85.

  • The figurehead and figurine

    Men in black. Hooded like goons of robbers. Eyes pop as though out of the dark. Mute, ominous guns like growls about to be heard. Gates on lockdown. Lawmakers cannot cajole but holler in vain. A dawn undone.

    It was not a building complex that was under siege. Not the brick and mortar of the National Assembly. It was our memory. The fired DSS director, Lawal Daura, harked us back to our jackboot days. Do you remember June 12, and its many sieges? The siege of the press, the siege of the labour union, the streets as blood pedestals, the arrests of dissenters, the cacophonies of clampdowns. Smackdown on fragile voices.

    It was no joy. As George R. R. Martin wrote in A feast for Crows, “A siege is a deadly dull.”

    When you lay siege to a memory, you lay hold on a people’s future. So, that morning, when hooded men cordoned off the lawmakers access to their chambers, we were reminded that our democracy operates still without self-confidence. Behind it stood shadows of hooded men. Daura was, perhaps, a chief hooded man, more hooded than the muscular presences that morning. We saw them. He hid in the shadows. You will not see him and live.

    We had seen it long ago. His defiance, his sense of primitive entitlement, his patrician airs, his disdain for the rule of law. The media cried, the civil society wailed, the law squealed. Daura’s ears could not hear. He did it with the dollars in Nigeria’s most famous apartment. He was stung by an onslaught on judges. He bifurcated the presidency. He became both the executive and legislative branches. He became the dispenser of religious justice to el-Zakzaky. He roared in steely silence to the courts by keeping Sambo Dasuki under leash.

    He probably had read or heard of a French philosopher called Montesquieu, who gave the world the doctrine of the separation of powers. If he had heard of him, he had contempt for him. Hence he acted as though the government is one lumbering bully of a monarchy, where the people account to the rulers. Hence he by-passed his bosses and acted in cahoots with Saraki over the nomination of Ibrahim Magu as the EFCC boss.

    He had no regard for the concept of a secular state even when the constitution is unambiguous in that sphere. So, he treated el-Zakzaky as though he manipulated Islam, thereby suffocating the secular commands of the law.

    August 7 was only an emblem of his serial contempt for the higher principle of democracy. What he did first was to take a full measure of his bosses. He saw he could get away with insolence. The world was open for his antediluvian horrors. He took advantage.

    We all saw on television as the female lawmaker screamed in a hysteria of rage and righteousness against the hooded men. They neither flinched nor assailed her. They planted their feet, their eyes unfazed, their guns unstirred. They knew all she could do was rant. Her voice would expire. Her muscles would mellow. She would acquiesce to  superior arms. She did. That was how Daura behaved. The civil society would scream and media would rage but Daura did what Daura would do.

    Of course, until the reckoning. It came hours later when Acting President Yemi Osinbajo whisked him out of office. To those who first heard it, it was as though they dreamed. Daura probably thought that Osinbajo was a figurehead, and he, Daura, a figurine in the sacred grove.  The figurine inspires worship, trepidation and veneration as the symbol of the gods. No one eyes the statuette, not to talk of touch it, a sanctuary unto himself.

    But the so-called figurehead Osinbajo knocked off the divine figurine Daura out of the grove. The figurine dropped and broke into a hundred splinters. How are the sacred fallen!

    Questions have been raised about Daura’s collusion with the PDP folks. Some have even said that the APC folks had met and the PDP men were there early to overthrow an attempt to impeach Saraki. The interim report from the inspector general of police has not answered the questions. Is the IGP, a fellow traveller and partner in impunity with Daura, capable of a believable report? I doubt it.

    First, what were the lawmakers, who usually traffic in absenteeism and often never show up at all or show up in late morning and afternoon, doing very early in the morning? Ben Bruce made a laughing stock of himself when he announced that APC folks were inside. How foolish the assertion! No such evidence unless the APC folks turned into spirits.

    If the DSS men were there to stop the PDP men from frustrating the APC men, it clearly is not true because they were not inside. The APC has not the numbers to remove Saraki, and any such meetings will make no sense unless the APC plots of a kangaroo session, which will be unconstitutional. So, whose interest was Daura serving? Was he acting alone?

    It still baffles many why Daura would want to embarrass his own mentoring figure, the president, especially when he was out of town. If he wanted to do in Osinbajo, he had his comeuppance. What is obvious is that the vagrant was allowed too much elbow room for too long to foment nuisance. He should not have been allowed if he was not endorsed. He had already done so much havoc and thrown the administration in defence mode. The case of Jones Abiri hangs over the government still. Even the NUJ and the information minister had been caught in the web of authoritarian lies. It is not over until a new atmosphere of rule of law prevails. It is then we shall know whether it is just Daura’s stone-age volition, or whether others buy in who have not freed themselves from the impulses of the barbarian.

    Osinbajo would not have fired him if he cleared from him? We need to get to the bottom of this. Saraki “Eleyinmi” has denied any hands in it. But his name has figured because the former DSS chief seemed to have cooperated with him more than Buhari in the course of his disgraceful stewardship. But no evidence. So, the charge makes little sense.

    Daura has gone, and I hope he has gone for good. He held periodic meetings with editors and acted as though he was a feudal lord talking in contempt as though he owned the country. I had told some of my colleagues that if I ever attended any such meetings I would have been walked out after giving him a piece of my mind.

    August 7 should never come our way again. It was a caveman’s moment in our democracy, what Joseph Conrad calls “a night of first ages.”

     

    Seiyefa, the man of letters

    Mathew Seiyefa, who replaced Daura as DSS chief, was my classmate in Government College, Ughelli, and I was pleasantly surprised to hear of his new posting. Nothing about him made us think he would end up as a secret service mogul. To us, he was a man of letters. He was perhaps the best student in the whole class of September 1973 in English. He wrote clear, elegant sentences with an eye for images and ear for music.

    I recall his essay published in the school magazine, The Mariners. It was titled, “Guy way: an incessant cankerworm.” It was an essay that I read many times in those days for its beauty and message. The term “guy way,” as he put it “entailed extremely immoral acts,” and described the guys as “social misfits” “never-do-wells,” “the most undesirable” persons who “were in the wrong place at the wrong time”. He also said they had no place in civilised society. Seiyefa earned A1 in English at school certificate and no one could expect anything less.

    I recall once when our English teacher, a Ghanaian named Tieku, who graduated from Pennsylvania, asked us to write an essay. He singled out Seiyefa’s as a model essay and read it out to the class.

    Seiyefa
    Seiyefa

    With the benefit of hindsight, I should have seen the secret service in him. He was a cheerful and dignified introvert, a lethal virtue in a secret service person. From his essays we also could have gleaned his social conscience. The guys, Seiyefa wrote, were antipodes of revolutionaries.

    One of the images of him was when we were preparing for school certificate exams. The introvert walked up to the blackboard and wrote, “Barely three weeks to exams, boys still unprepared.” He verbalised it with an impish smile.

  • Usurper

    The choice of verb distorted the news headlines. Bukola “Eleyinmi” Saraki did not defect from the APC. He was forced to defect. “Was forced” is a passive tense, which connotes that the subject, that is the senate president, did not take the action out of his own volition. He was temporising. But word leapt to his ears that a query letter was in the offing from Oshiomhole’s office.  Eleyinmi fled in spite of the billowy pride of his agbada.

    You cannot expect him to respond to the query. The police had just chafed him, and Eleyinmi scoffed back at the IG, acting above the law by not showing up at an invitation. To wait for an APC censure would make him a query letter writer. That would sully his status as a man some people have started to designate “oga na master.”

    He stepped out of the APC portal because he had to follow his troops, who had gone to prepare a place for him in the big PDP mansion he had abandoned with regal flourish only a few years ago. Since his men had moved, the clamour revved up for him to scoot over to the other side of the senate aisle. Some wondered why he sat transfixed. But it was the immobility of indecision. The plan had not panned out as envisioned. Some bigwigs had retreated, like Wammako, who thundered into Sokoto last Saturday. Shehu Sani, his near-bouffant hair unfazed by age, looked the other way as his colleagues faded away.

    So, Saraki goes over, his hands clipped like the authentic Eleyinmi. And unlike Eleyinmi, some of his colleagues disappointed him by baring their hands of a different political hue. It was like what was said of the Renaissance and reformation era in Europe. “Erasmus laid the egg,” went the saying. “Martin Luther hatched it. But Erasmus said the plumage of the bird was of different colour from what he expected.”

    Saraki and his gang laid the defection eggs but, in the fullness of time, some eggs did not hatch. Saraki would call them bad eggs. Saraki waltzed away as the leader of a minority. He did not want to go over naked, exposed as the usurper. A usurper morally, if not legally. By remaining as senate president, he is overthrowing a throne that he once occupied.

    He has handed over to himself without a ceremony or oath, or Koran, especially without a holy book since he has embarked on an act of political sacrilege. Like in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, he is having a wedding and a funeral on the same throne simultaneously. He is mourning, without admitting it, his office as senate president but he is having a new wedding with it as a minority leader still sitting still on an immoral throne. He is also wedding again a party he jilted about four years ago. He is like Banquo being haunted by the legitimate owner, Macbeth, except that he still sees himself as Macbeth. The usurper in him is yelling out Banquo’s words as Macbeth arrives: “Avaunt and quit my sight/ let the earth hide thee/ thy bone is marrowless and thy blood is cold.” Only a cold, calculating Eleyinmi can pull off that farce of spectacular somersault and schizophrenia.

    But more striking has been Eleyinmi’s trouble with the father figure. He has never loved to bow to a father. He started it in his biological state in his relations with his father Oloye. It is a classic Sigmund Freud drama playing out before our eyes. Freud gave birth to psychoanalysis with his theory based on the myth of King Oedipus. The playwright Sophocles turned it into an immortal work of art. The man married his mother and killed his father.

    Bukola Saraki takes from father but hates to show gratitude to father. Oloye loved him, nurtured him, and even started him off on the path of commerce. But he was not a good manager. He ruined a major bank in the country with his managerial ineptitude. He became a governor in the shadows of Oloye, and that made him see himself as the master of the Kwara universe, even if his stewardship was not transformational. The story goes that when he was governor, he never wanted to be in town or at venues where his father was scheduled to appear. This was a case of oedipal self-regard. He gave his father a black eye. He never wanted to be a father’s “son.”

    This sort of ingratitude only comes out of insecurity. Greek historian and philosopher Tacitus calls that a fear of gratitude.   He said “men are more ready to repay an injury than a benefit, because gratitude is a burden…”  So apart was he from his father as he dabbed about on his peacock throne as governor that some mischief makers went about with unfounded allegations of his paternity. Make no bones about it. Oloye was his father. Eleyinmi only had anxiety about his sonship. He was uncomfortable accepting authority.

    As governor, he did not feel his powers complete, hence he wanted to become president. In that position, he would have outflanked his father. But he could not do much in the PDP. He had a problem with the hierarchy. He wanted to be seen as the heir but the north thought he was not north enough, and the west and south thought he was not south enough. He became, and still is, a factor of ambiguity in Nigeria’s geopolitics. It is unfair to him, I must say. He should be seen first and foremost as a Nigerian. This anxiety of geo-identity may lay at the bottom of his oedipal problems with party hierarchies. Oloye has been supplanted by party hierarchs as father figures in his life.

    He glided over to the APC, and it became the same story. He seemed to have eaten the humble pie by withdrawing any zeal for the post of president. Alas, he was forced again to look for a position of president that would work under another father figure also designated president. Even to obtain that, he fought by stealth. The hierarchs did not want him. He slunk his way like a night cat onto the position of senate president.

    Having given his party leaders a punch in the nose, he expected them to kowtow to him. He had not stooped, but he conquered the house. He met a President Buhari, who was too lofty to stoop. It became a standoff of one father against son who did not want a father. For him, it has not always been about vision, but spoils. Was it a Freudian slip when he complained about juicy offices he wanted and did not get? He lamented about “Lagos, Lagos” and Katsina, Katsina.” He did not say “roads, roads,” or “schools, schools,” etc for the poor. He said he did not care for position. So why not step down? This is hypocrisy writ large.

    That standoff led to the worst senate in history. He has now moved over to the other side. A new act has begun in Saraki’s quest to exorcise a father. Will he find fulfilment there?

    The point as to whether he might become a senate president till the end of this tenure or whether he should be removed is a moot point to me. The eighth senate is, to all intents and purposes, a dead chamber. It cannot achieve much. If Saraki wants the perks and insolence of office till May next year, it will not extricate him from the shadow of historical infamy of a man who usurped a throne until it expired. If the senate prorogues indefinitely, the president has the executive powers to fund INEC elections and other necessities. Eleyinmi already has met his Balogun. It is all over but the puffing.

     

    An Imam of peace

    The Imam was the man. Not those who wielded guns and machetes and spilled homesteads and streets with the gore and blood of their fellow humans. He was a cleric in his soul, not for the ceremony of piety or extravagance of sacerdotal powers. Abdullahi Abubakar kept about 300 Christians in his mosque and looked the goons in the eye and said he was not hiding any Christians. That is what Biodun Jeyifo called truthful lie in his book on Nigerian literature. The 83-year-old man did not blink. He could not fight. He had no arms. He had love and his tender heart routed the army of jackals in the name of God and tribe in the recent Plateau genocidal rumble.

    Lalong and Abubakar
    Lalong and Abubakar

    Governor Simon Lalong of Plateau State gave him due recognition, brought him before camera lights to his office. The man looked fragile but his act rippled with muscles. He is a Muslim, but he is a lover of God first. He is not a sectarian bigot. His blood hums with universal sentiment. Governor Lalong also recommended him for national award. This is the sort of national recognition that makes sense, not the ones handed to charlatans who con us in the name of God, in the name of the people and in the name of tribe.

  • Storm in a tea CUPP

    As the day began, it looked like chaos. Men were scampering like rodents from one part of the senate chambers to another. Outside, the senate president was under police siege – a dunderhead of a move. The wave of defections had torpedoed APC majority. According to a report, the PDP had muscled enough numbers, some said 67 PDP to something like 44 APC. With that calculus, the legislative air was bleeding with Buhari’s impeachment.

    The social media was on the boil. Some who hated Buhari began to yell halleluiah. Some might even have squealed “crucify him.” To others, it was not enough to edge out Buhari. They must make the sweep complete by flinging Osinbajo into the mighty gale. That would make Saraki the default leader. Eleyinmi would now become Kabiyesi. Remember it happened once in the teevee drama when the megalomaniac with invisible hands held forte when the king was away.

    Suddenly, the scales began to fall. Reality jolted the apocalyptic optimists. So, APC still had its majority. It was all a counting error. The calculator had suffered a virus. One plus one was no longer two, apologies to Russian writer Dostoyevsky, who in his novel, The Man from the Underground, warned that science could destroy civilisation. Not only were the defectors not enough to tilt the balance, the coup plotters had suffered defections of their own. So, it was not the pandemonium that was first reported. It was no chaos. It was just a turmoil, a rollicking farce.

    There were two kinds of defectors. One was of the mind. The other was on his feet. Some were both. So, the defectors of the feet ratted to the PDP. Even some of them ratted back, including Lanre Tejuosho, who grinned with remorse to Buhari in his unique mould of the prodigal son. This son did not err for too long before retracing his steps. He defected on his feet, not in his mind. The other was Shehu Sani, who had defected in his mind but decided to return also in his mind. His feet remained transfixed in APC. Wamako, Aliero, et al retreated in both mind and feet.

    It shows that to jump boat is not an easy adventure. When it happened in the House of Commons in Britain with MPs ratting and re-ratting, Winston Churchill quipped: “Anyone can rat, but it takes a certain amount of ingenuity to re-rat.”

    But the real truth is that the ratting and re-ratting had begun about three years ago at the outset of the eighth National Assembly. Like the couples who cheated and pretended they didn’t know about it in Harold Pinter’s play, The Betrayal, the traitors to the APC family had moved over to the other side long ago. They had defected in spirit, in their minds. Everyone saw the crack on the mountain, so no one should be surprised at the leaks and eruption of the volcanoes. Although as poet Coleridge wrote, “anticipation is more potent than surprise.”

    When Bukola “Eleyinmi” Saraki became senate president and Dogara speaker, they gave the president and other party mainstays a black eye. They made mincemeat of Buhari’s quote about being for everybody and for nobody. These lawmakers were for themselves. The president was not able to heal the moment. The crisis developed hooves and horns like the character in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses. Saraki and Dogara as well as their herdsmen had become in spirit and in mind the opposition. They were not even loyal opposition.

    They hunkered down. The president and his men did same. The relations between the two arms metastasized into a stalemate, and sometimes reptilian standoffs, descending even into the caterwauling infamy over whether a customs man should or should not wear uniforms. That the splinter festered is, first and foremost, the fault of the president. He failed to bring the party together. The APC began as a hodgepodge of calculating egos held together only by the prospect of electoral victory. Having won, the spoils came but they were unevenly shared. Even then, the players became too spoiled to eat in harmony. It was the president’s job to cajole and reconcile. He hid in his high rampart, and allowed the contending forces to wrestle in the mud.

    If Buhari could not hold the party together, it was because he had never been anointed with such skill. The same way he has not been able to hold the country together, with charges of inequity in distribution of offices and a lopsided vision of ethnic coexistence. He could not build one tent for APC in the same way he could not erect one canopy for Nigeria.

    He could not bow when he should, smile when he should, backslap when it was necessary. If the House Republicans wanted Obama to fail, the first black president did not help his cause by is temperamental inflexibility. As Tolstoy wrote in War and Peace, “It is better to bow too low than not to bow low enough.”

    But the defections tell us, too, that the lawmakers are carpetbaggers, not subservient to virtue but mammon and the exigency of political relevance. Curiously, no one accused any defector or remainer of ideological apostacy or diluting of a party programme. It was all about butter and bread. There was not even a pretension to virtue or the people’s wish. It was an intra-class war in which the pedestrians could only watch and wonder in impotence. Last week was a spectacle in the failure of the Nigerian state.

    Rather than pretend, this is our autumn of politics when leaves change to the colour they have hid all year. With the weather adversarial, the leaves and flowers cannot hide their drab colours. They become what they are. The hypocrisy of our lawmakers are now shed. No longer what Senegalese writer Ousmane Sembene called “the perfidy of words and hypocrisy of rivals.”

    The other issue as to whether “Eleyinmi” Saraki or dawdling Dogara should remain on their perches as senate president or speaker is a moot point. It is a convention in sane democracies that when your party has a majority, the senate president or speaker is chosen automatically by the majority party. Our constitution makers took that for granted hence they asked the members to elect their leaders. They also exaggerated the sense of honour of our lawmakers, which was naïve of them. They did not study our historical penchant to subvert laws and protocols. They prorogued the assembly as a rogue move to woo for more defectors. We shall see if it is a plot of woe.

    If men like Saraki and Dogara had defected from their party in spirit early on, they are also parting ways with the spirit of the law by remaining as legislative leaders. They are aglow with opportunistic spirits. The law protects them, but honour does not. They are immune to such honour. With prehensile dexterity, both will remain leaders and show no shame that they belong to a minority party. Saraki will become like Eleyinmi in Village Headmaster who huffed and puffed while the real authority lay with Balogun, his feudal kryptonite.  We shall see whether he will swagger emptily or be ill at ease. I predict the former.

    In the larger calculus, the defections for Buhari is a storm in a tea CUPP. If it reflects the Coalition of United Political Parties (CUPP) attempts to presage Buhari’s fortunes in 2019, they have to do more work. The defectors, apart from Rabiu Kwankwaso, were featherweights. A governor called them nonentities. As far as geopolitics goes, they have not even ruffled any of Buhari’s strongholds.

    If this is what the opposition is made of, they need more imagination. If they want to beat Buhari, they must tweak with map and own it. Buhari is an open target. But CUPP does not seem to know where to pull the trigger, as yet.