The Nation Newspaper

Category: Letters

  • Floating bodies and our identification system

    Floating bodies and our identification system

    SIR: In what looked like prolific actor Kunle Afolayan’s water acrobatic display in the multiple award winning movie,”Figurine”, 40 bodies were found floating in Amansea community, along the border of Anambra and Enugu State. Though surrounding villages in Anambra and Enugu have claimed none of their members are missing, one irrefutable fact is that, the Nigeria government lacks grounded mechanism to identify her citizens either living or dead. The records are not just there. Those bodies are sons, brothers and fathers of Nigerians. And if they are immigrants, do we have their details? Our borders are so porous that you can ship a 20 truck loads of human beings in if you know the right Custom and Immigration officers to pay.

    I do hope this would be the last of such shameless lack of responsibility on the part of government and security agencies. Government needs to step up the ante of surveillance through a bio-metric data base with central and state control boards. This data base would be a panacea to planning, an aid to government policy plan, a means to identify fraud, combat terrorism, create a leverage to citizen’s entitlement and to access public services. Inasmuch as I don’t like comparing Nigeria with the United States of America, there is nothing stopping a responsible government from running a Social Security Number (SSN) system for permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents. These security numbers can further be used to manage tax collection and social welfare.

    In 2007, the National Assembly passed the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) Act. It has the mandate to establish, own, operate, maintain and manage the National Identity Database in Nigeria, register persons covered by the Act, assign a Unique National Identification Number (NIN) and issue General Multi-Purpose Cards (GMPC) to those registered individuals, and to harmonize and integrate existing identification databases in Nigeria.

    The NIMC must understand that the ability to properly identify a person to their true identity is central to their operation, with wider implications for operations against crime and terrorism. These can’t be done by a shabbily put together team. Comprehensive training has to be carried out with a broad based campaign orientation that would reach the hinterlands and all those staying outside the shores of the country. In recent times, illegal immigration has become one of the key political issues for the country, because of unending menace of Boko haram whose buck base of suicide bombers are from neighboring countries like Niger and Mali. To get anywhere, we must be ready to adequately manage the borders!

    Aside the collation of the bio metric data and ID card now, a sustainable upgrading mechanism needs to be devised. Nigeria is one of the few countries, you can enter without adequate documentation and nobody cares. You don’t even have to state when you would be leaving the country. NIMC needs to work out collation strategies for births and deaths, liaise with the High courts, Prisons, and Police to get updates on criminal records. With National Emergency Management Authority to get details during disasters, Immigration agencies( Airport authority, sea ports, borders), etc. Again and most importantly, NIMC must be conscious that the ID card bring about socio-economic and political integration as against segregation that might be caused by nepotism, ethnic bigotry and religious fanaticism. The horrible scenarios of Rwanda Tutsi and Hutus must not be allowed to replicate itself here.

    • Sulaimon Mojeed-Sanni

    Lagos

     

  • The point missed by supporters of same sex marraige

    The point missed by supporters of same sex marraige

    SIR: I have been following the reports on the National Assembly’s plan to enact law to prohibit same-sex marriage in The Nation. I have read a copy of the bill passed in the Senate and that currently being debated in the House.

    The bill is good because it commands bi-partisan and pan-Nigerian support. Twenty six senators and 49 members on the House signed on to the bill. Those who proposed the bill cut across party, religion and regional lines. The bill defines marriage to be between a man and a woman; it denies recognition to same-sex contraptions contracted in other nations and spells out punishments for those who attempt to conduct same-sex marriages. This is where I have a problem with the bill.

    It specifies a punishment of three years as punishment for the same-sex partners. For those who attend or abet the practice it spells out a five-year punishment or a N2000 fine for an individual or for a maximum fine of N50,000 for a group of persons. Considering the billions available to the gay lobby, the fine is not a deterrent. The amount should be raised to N200,000 for any individual with no option for a group. Additionally, I would like to highlight two other issues. Firstly, when this bill was passed in the Senate, the BBC, CNN, Sahara Reporters and several online commentators claimed that the bill proposed a 14-year jail sentence for participating in a same-sex marriage and draconian penalty for those running NGOs for homosexuals. After reading the bill, I now know this is a lie. I am not surprised because the entire gay-rights issue is built on lies. Homosexual activists are simply using this human-rights lie to force their unhealthy habits on the rest of society.

    Secondly, in your report on Tuesday January 15, you quoted some human rights activists who claimed that the proposed law violates sections 37 and 42 of the Nigerian constitution, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights of the United Nations and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. After reading your article, I downloaded the three documents and read them for myself. My comments are as follows;

    The Universal Declaration on Human Rights (Article 2) and the African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (chapter 1, Article 2); both rejects discrimination based race, ethnic group, colour, sex, language, religion, political or any other opinion, national and social origin, fortune and birth. There was no mention of homosexuality and homosexuality does not fit into any of the criteria. Neither of these documents talk about marriage.

    Section 42 of the Nigerian Constitution is too long to be stated here but it guarantees citizens of Nigeria the right to freedom from discrimination based on ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion. Homosexual marriage does not meet any of the criteria listed in section 42, because the constitution does not give freedom from discrimination based on sexual practices/orientation.

    I am convinced that the critics who were quoted on this issue have not read the proposed bill or the laws and charters they claim the new bill violates. It appears the critics of this bill do not realize that the National Assembly is taking a pro-active step to protect the institution of marriage. It is also clear that the critics do not realize that homosexuals are looking for marriage because they will be able to adopt children or use surrogacy to raise children. These will provide them easy access to new homosexual recruits.

    How can anyone say our culture should not influence our laws? Laws are always influenced by culture. The only reason European and North Americans have permitted homosexuality is because these nations have embraced neo-pagan cultures.

    For supporters of the bill, I will say that it is too early to celebrate because a bill only becomes law when it is signed by the President. Today our political elite depends on the West for cheap loans, economic advice, security and family health care, so the question is will President Jonathan sign this bill?

     

    • Nehemiah Sokponba

    Uselu, Benin-City

  • What to do about LASSA fever

    What to do about LASSA fever

    SIR: Lassa fever is an extremely fatal, viral hemorrhagic illness named after Lassa town (in the Yedseram River Valley) in Borno State where it originated in the year 1969. It then spread through West African countries. The virus enters through the bloodstream of the human body, lymph vessels, respiratory tract, and/or digestive tract and can be transmitted to human beings following contamination of broken skin or with the urine droppings of rats that live around homes in rural areas of endemic countries.

    Its symptoms are nausea, bloody vomit, bloody diarrhoea, stomach ache, constipation, hearing deficit, seizures, swallowing difficulty, cough, chest pain, and meningitis, among others. Usually patients who will survive begin to defervesce two to three weeks after onset of disease but patients who have greatest risk of dying usually develop shock, agitation and sometimes grand seizures.

    This kind of disease usually occurs more in the dry season than in the rainy season and it becomes dangerous when the fever is delayed and the symptoms are ignored, hence, the need for immediate check-up and treatment when any of these symptoms are noticed. It is also advised that environments are kept clean this season especially as the heat wave has started to resurface.

    As of January 16, a case of this dreadful disease, Lassa fever, causing three deaths, was confirmed in Benue State. Acting on this, the Federal Ministry of Health donated 4,500 doses of both Ribavirin and Virazole tablets including intravenous drugs to the Benue State government to control the spread of the fever in the state. The warning given by the National Emergency Management Agency in 2012 against possible outbreak of diseases such as cholera, Lassa fever, measles and other skin diseases as a result of the recent flooding that ravaged most states of the federation, readily comes to mind. With the agency’s constant awareness of Lassa fever on its social media platforms, it is really up to everyone to decide whether or not Lassa fever should continually be a threat or not.

    Lassa virus affects approximately 100,000 to 300,000 people in West Africa so we need to be more vigilant and precautious when it comes to the surroundings and littering of the environment. Even if it’s not close to your home, the mindset of “It’s not mine, it’s yours, so why should I care?” should be stopped; we should help each other fight this disease. Keep rodents out of homes and food supplies so that they do not leave droppings on the food; maintain personal hygiene, cover food properly, trap the rats/rodents and keep the home clean. The advantage of sterilizing equipments cannot be over-emphasized in this case and most importantly, for everyone, especially doctors, when in contact with an infected person, wear gloves, masks, laboratory coats, and goggles. Besides, cleanliness is next to Godliness.

     

    • Ojo Adetola

    National Emergency Management Agency, Abuja.

     

  • ACN/CPC merger is hope for new Nigeria

    ACN/CPC merger is hope for new Nigeria

    SIR: If everything goes as planned with the proposed merger between the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) and Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), Nigeria may be on the way to greatness from 2015.

    An attempt was made in 2011 to confront the arrogance and impunity of the ruling party, PDP but the efforts were not sufficient to checkmate the moles and blacklegs who put spanners in the works. That inability to drive the merger got Nigeria into another big mess for another four years. We have been paying the price of our lack of commitment since 2011.

    ACN has put together a 19-man committee of decent men and women to work with committees of the other parties to produce a blueprint for the real merger. There is little doubt about the potentials of this merger that is leaving the PDP deeply troubled.

    After 16 years of confused and inept leadership, Nigeria needs a change of leadership to move forward. After 16 years of waste, we need real men among men to be in the driver’s seat. After 16 years of foolishness and selfishness in governance at the highest level in Nigeria, Nigerians need a break. Nigeria needs a recreation. Nigeria needs reinvention. Nigeria needs rehabilitation for it has been wrecked in 16 years of recklessness, corruption, impunity and incompetence.

    Let the committee members of the various opposition parties realise that Nigeria is at cross roads and therefore make conscious and spirited efforts to make their own history. Mindful of the need to sustain the argument that history remembers only the winners and that leaders make decisions that create the future they desire, I urge the committee members to declare war on those who throw big stones on the project Nigeria. Men among men who can make the difference here in Nigeria are not in short supply. They live with us. They see our problems and they have solutions to those problems. History beckons on them. More than half of the country’s eligible voters do not vote because they do not believe in the process. They are undecided voters. The people get the kind of leaders they deserve. In 2015 Nigerians must take a stand for change. All must endorse the merger plan for the change that we all need. Yes, real endorsement is the right word. We must be mindful that this is our last chance to pull the chestnut out of a raging fire and we cannot afford to miss this golden opportunity. We will continue to suffer the rule of idiots if we fail again to do what is right.

    • Joe Igbokwe

    Lagos

  • Protecting the girl-child

    Protecting the girl-child

    SIR: Shaped by discrimination and bias, the society, especially in the Third World, has dealt the girl-child a rough blow even before birth. In her journey through life, the girl-child, when lucky enough to be spared, undergoes a lot of harrowing experiences ranging from early marriage, low level of schooling exposure to violence, HIV infection, maternal death and Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF).

    Although child marriage is against the law in many countries including Nigeria, it is estimated that about 51 million girls are forced into early marriages world-wide. Invariably, these early marriages deny girls the opportunity for quality education in addition to depriving them of their childhood. Among the more than 10 million children not in school, approximately 40% are girls.

    In Nigeria, women and girls constitute 60% of the illiterate population. Also, most young wives are burdened by growing up responsibilities, household chores, rearing of children, and consequently do not get a chance to interact with their peers or carry on friendships outside the household. This put them in a state of complete dependency on their husbands.

    As a result of the age gap existing between the child brides and their spouses, they are often exposed to domestic violence and other forms of abuse. Today, of all girls and women’s fears, that of being raped is the darkest. The rape epidemic in our society reflects the extent to which women’s and girls’ (human) rights are being violated. It has gone so bad that minors, as young as 4 years old, are now being raped with resultant effect of preventing the victims from socializing or settling down later in the future.

    Experiences have shown that investments in girls’ education translate directly and quickly into poverty reduction, better health care, better nutrition for the whole family and better overall economic performance. Therefore, one of the best strategies for protecting the girl child is to improve her access to good quality primary and secondary education. By the time she leaves the secondary school she would have been armed with some basic knowledge on how to cope and interact with the opposite sex and the challenges of child rearing. Elimination of gender gaps in school enrolment should be top priority.

    Public awareness should also be created about the dangers inherent in child marriages. Citizens also have to report cases of gender based violence to the police. Machinery should be put in motion to provide support for girls who are victims of early marriages and gender based violence by providing them with options for schooling through part- time or evening classes and in some cases skill acquisition programmes to empower them to be self reliant. Rehabilitation homes should also be built for them for their protection and psychological rejuvenation for renewal of interaction with the public. An example that readily comes to mind is the one put in place by the Lagos State government at Ipaja for the rehabilitation of victims of domestic violence,

    Efforts should be intensified to provide sexual and reproductive health services in form of counselling on family planning methods, safe sex and protection from HIV infection. More funds should be made available for corrective surgeries for victims of VVF.

    It is imperative for policy-makers to bear in mind that the worth of a nation is measured by the number of its empowered girls and not the amount of money in its foreign reserve.

    • Biliqis Bakare

    Ministry of Information & Strategy, Alausa, Ikeja.

  • Enhancing mass education through satellite television

    Enhancing mass education through satellite television

    Undoubtedly, President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration has made unprecedented progress across the country in the creation of access to quality education amongst less privileged Nigerians. The statistics are clear and the results are nationwide. These are facts that cannot be disputed, even by die-hard critics of the administration.

    A few examples will suffice.  Schools for almajiris across the country, special girl-child schools in educationally disadvantaged communities, on-going construction of schools for out-of-school boys in the south-south and south-east and direct intervention in the improvement of facilities in existing schools in the country. At the tertiary level the Federal Government established nine new Federal universities with eight already on stream, while another three were recently approved. Within the same period, nine new private universities were also awarded licenses to operate.

    This programmed improvement of education opportunities for Nigerians has been premised on the fundamental goal of creating access to basic and tertiary education of the four-year strategy plan for the development of the education sector, 2011 to 2015.

    Beyond the achievements that have been recorded so far as regards the creation of access to schools for Nigerian children and adults, the Federal Government has resolved to directly involve the private sector in working out novel ways to reach those in remote communities of the nation.

    The novel arrangement worked out between the Federal Ministry of Education and television outfit, Daar Communications Plc will ensure that education signals in all subject areas in the basic education sub-sector are disseminated to Nigerian children residing in the 774 local government areas of the country.

    At the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), for the partnership between the Federal Ministry of Education and Darr Communications on the project, Minister of State for Education, Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, said that the Federal Government is ready to partner with stakeholders in the private and public sector to deliver quality basic education.

    He said: “We are determined to improve quality education for Nigerians and our resolve is to involve everyone, since government alone cannot shoulder the enormous responsibility of creating acess for Nigerian children.”

    Wike noted that though the Jonathan administration has made monumental investments in the basic education sub-sector, collaborations are still required to increase access across the country.

    He announced that out of the N29billion needed for the project, the Federal Government would not make any financial commitments, aside facilitating the participation of local and statparticipates.

    Chairman of Daar Communications, Chief Raymond Dokpesi, said that the communications outfit will commit 22 dedicated channels to airing education programmes patterned in line with approved Federal Ministry of Education curriculum. He added that required infrastructure will be developed in all localities in the 774 local government councils and the rural communities of the Federal Capital Territory to transmit signals directly to schools. Satellite facilities to be located in the schools will be backed by electricity generators to ensure uninterrupted learning. Permanent Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Education, Dr MacJohn Nwaobiala, described the project as a landmark initiative to extend the benefits of the Federal Government’s education programmes to all the nooks and crannies of the country.

    Indeed, for the programme to succeed, the states and the local government areas need to buy into the initiative.

     

    By Simeon Nwakaudu

    Abuja, Special Assistant (Media) to Minister of State for Education

  • Oyo ACN’s winning team

    Oyo ACN’s winning team

    The current hoopla being raised by some elements calling for the disbanding of the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) at executive levels in Oyo State is to say the least appalling and irritating . For what it is worth, the present crop of executive has, thus far, been effective in maintaining party unity, internal cohesion and internal democracy in the party. It is worthy of note to state that the ACN under the leadership of Chief Akin Oke, contrary to these irredentist elements, played a pivotal and very crucial role in midwifing the victory of Governor Ajimobi in the 2011 election.

    Need we remind these naysayers that in the said election, our party could not secure a decisive victory even in Gov Ajimobi’s Ibadanland . Had it not been for the effectiveness of the party machinery in Chief Akin Oke’s homebase in Ogbomoso, inspite of what was universally acknowledged as the almost insurmountable odds, could the then sitting Governor (Akala) have lost the election ?

    To set the record straight, in 2007 when Chief Alao-Akala was just a deputy governor with limited power and access to the state resources, he garnered over 195,000 votes from Ogbomoso zone alone to clinch the governorship mandate. Conversely , in the 2011 Election , after Alao Akala had not only served for four uninterrupted and politically active years as the governor, he, as incumbent governor and member of the maurading PDP, virtually presided over the 2011 Election exercise .Despite his overwhelming advantages, however, and contrary to his natural desire and expectations, Alao Akala’s vote tally from his Ogbomoso home base, but which also doubles as Akin Oke’s base was drastically reduced over 50% .If one may ask, what was Governor Ajimobi’s margin of victory over the then incumbent Gov Alao Akala in that election ?

    If the Oke-led exco , along with others, worked so assiduously to snatch victory from the jaws of the defeat, should their reward be castigation and threats of removal? The Oke team secured the coveted crown for our party in the face of no-holds barred onslaught from a well-oiled competitor with almost unlimited power, patronage and huge state resource-based war chest and financial muscle. But even more importantly, a widely acknowledged dexterity ,willingness, effectiveness and courage and /or ruthlessness to deploy same, as evidenced, for instance, by the abduction of over 160 accredited ACN Party agents from their respective accredited polling units on the election day across Ogbomoso zone !

    By these abductions, ACN was thus denied the service of the polling agents of numerous polling units, with obvious implications for the outcome of polling at the affected units .

    It is a fact, that while almost every political party in the state has been bedevilled by one unending crisis or another , the Chief Akin Oke led exco has deepened cohesion in ACN and further continued to work on further popularising our party among the electorate . It is therefore a disgraceful act for some set of political scavengers and prostitutes who dubbed themselves’ Integrity Parliament’ to call for the disbandment of the exco. Such group that never existed before, or during elections, obviously do not even wish our party well. Otherwise, how can any rational mind situate their call for disbandment of our party’s team of winners ?

    Differences of opinion are the norm in politics. However, when they do occur, matured, disciplined and loyal party members channel such for consideration by appropriate party organs, rather than seeking to bully and blackmail others into submission through issuance of libellous news releases and/or levying of jaundiced and unfounded accusations against otherwise respected organs of the party. One cannot but conclude that given the high level of embarrassment caused and the deep-seated animosity that these individuals have, by their actions, sought to engender in our party, serious disciplinary action must be considered against them.

     

    Abdul Azeez Bolaji,

    Chairman, The Progressive Mind, Ibadan

     

  • Active citizenship key to development

    SIR: With over 160 million population, Nigeria is yet to experience a robust and dynamic citizen’s involvement in crucial areas of its social life. Until recently, government and the people had no connecting point, but the turn of events in the country has revealed that the active citizen participation positions government and whilst engaging the citizenry.

    Since the 2011 general elections in Nigeria, citizens’ participation has assumed a more impressive dimension particularly at the national level, as citizens now ask questions on various issues and answers are being questioned on policies and arrangements that affect their existence. This was further demonstrated, by the “Nigerian Spring”, a protest that grounded economic activities in Africa’s largest oil producing nation for couple weeks in January 2012.

    While the passion and pursuit to engage the government especially at the national level has increased amongst citizens in recent time, there is however, the need to assess the level of citizens’ participation at the grass-root level. With Nigeria’s structure of a three-tier government, the local government tier is supposed to be the closet to the people, as such should be the most impactful (socially and politically) on the people. Unfortunately, the situation leaves much to be desired.

    Whilst local government authorities, make no concerted effort to create a working connection between the people and itself, the people themselves, find no reason to engage the local system, rather they find solace in being their own local authority as such, heaping pressure on the national and state government, whilst absolving the local government of its responsibilities.

    The dearth of active citizenship at the grassroots level is the hallmark of the many woes the Nigerian society is experiencing today. Nigeria is grappling with high level of terrorism and insecurity, an unfortunate situation which experts have linked to unchecked youth unemployment and high illiteracy level, resulting from a weak local engagement and empowerment.

    If societies must function well, citizens must engage well. Citizens’ participation brings about citizen power. Nigerians at all levels must begin to speak up more loudly on issues that affect them and their society starting from the local government level. The social media provides anyone and everyone the platform to express his or her thoughts on diverse issues as they so choose. Let’s drive our society to our desired destination through constructive criticism and enlightened engagement.

    Societal successes are not achieved by the sole effort of the constituted authority but by the collaborative effort of the citizens and the government. Nigerians, let us rise with knowledge and sincerity to play our roles and responsibilities as active citizens of this great country.

    • Tayo Elegbede JET,

    Lagos

  • The state of the nation

    SIR: Since we became a sovereign nation in 1960, Nigeria has been experiencing religious and ethnic conflicts. We fought a gratuitous civil war that nearly led to the demise of Nigeria. The North has remained a hotbed of religious violence with attendant loss of lives and property.

    In the 1980s, we had the Maitatsine religious uprising. Have we forgotten the Ife/Modakeke war and the Aguleri/Umuleri war? In the Middle-belt, the Jukuns and Tivs are at daggers drawn with each other, and they live like cat and dog. Jos, which used to be peaceful and serene with its beauty, has lost its innocence. The Fulanis have been fighting the Beroms and other tribal groups over ownership of land in Plateau State. When a town is at war, development will be put in abeyance in that area. Owners of industries relocate their industries to safe places.

    The Niger Delta region used to be volatile until the federal government under President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua gave the militants amnesty. Many of them were sent abroad to learn trade; others received financial grants while learning trades in such institutions like the Metallurgical Training Institute, Onitsha.

    While the Niger-Delta region is enjoying relative peace, the North is now embroiled in a low-intensity war prosecuted by the Boko Haram. No day passes without the group killing people in the North. Since the Boko Haram insurgency started, thousands of people have been needlessly killed by the group.

    The South-east is afflicted with abduction epidemic. For a rich and prominent man to go for a walk unguarded in the South-East is to beg for abduction. Kidnapping people for ransom is big business. Aren’t we returning to the hobbesian state when life was brutish, short and nasty? Is anarchy not staring us in the face? It is a fact that diversities in colour, tongue, religion and customs are centrifugal forces that cause nation-states to disintegrate. But, we can borrow the American example of turning diversities believed to be curses into blessings. Our greatness should lie in our diversity.

    The issue of lack of security of lives and property should be tackled head-long, if we are to develop as a country. Anarchy is not a force for national development. If anything, owners of industries will relocate their industries to countries with political stability and this will deepen the unemployment crisis in Nigeria. The Boko Haram insurgency has the potentials of destabilising our country.

    • Chiedu Uche Okoye

    Uruowuhu-Obosi, Anambra State

  • Police College Ikeja: Matters arising

    SIR: I watched with shock and disbelief the Channels Television documentary on the Nigerian Police College, Ikeja. That place is an eyesore. That this is Nigeria’s premier police training college beats my imagination. How did such an institution which has produced several great police officers including a former President of Botswana fall into such a sorry state of disrepair?

    We need a total overhaul of the police in order to position it to meet the security challenges in our country. We need to examine staff welfare. How much are our policemen paid? Do they have adequate insurance for their lives if killed in the line of duty? Are their pensions and gratuity paid as at when due? What about their housing conditions?

    A situation in which policemen pay for their own uniforms and boots does not speak well of us as a nation. When Nigerian policemen are sent on peacekeeping missions outside the shores of our land, they perform very well. They even win medals for their efforts. But these are the same policemen who are unable to perform here.

    Training is very essential if we want our policemen to perform their duties optimally. The current state of disrepair of the police college is very shameful. How can men trained under such circumstances turn out to be agents of change in the society? Can you imagine the psychological torture they go through? They can only graduate to take revenge on the society.

    Let our police colleges spread across the length and breadth of this country be renovated and refurbished to meet modern standards. Our policemen should also be sent on crash courses outside the country so that they can see how policing is done in modern societies. They should be trained in the use of ICT as we now live in a digital age. Their weaponry should be upgraded.

    President Jonathan’s statement that someone was out to embarrass the government is nothing but playing to the gallery. He should bring to book those responsible for the state of disrepair in the police college. Mr John Momoh, chairman of Channels Television is a patriot and should be commended for his work of investigative journalism.

    • Peter Ovie Akus

    University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State