The Nation Newspaper

Category: Letters

  • Deeper concern over healthcare waste

    SIR: Recently, Federal Ministries of Environment, Health and Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) organised a stakeholders’ summit on healthcare waste management as a collective responsibility’.

    It is interesting that representatives of both the federal ministries, State Ministries of Environment and Health, Federal Medical Centres, University Teaching Hospitals, National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research & Development (NIPRD), Private Health Care Facilities, Environmental Health Officers Registration Council of Nigeria (EHORECON) and House Committee on Environment, were in attendance among others.

    The summit recommended the establishment of a national inventory on healthcare waste management to support evidence-based interventional schemes implementation; training programmes for regulatory officers, healthcare facility workers and waste handlers; urged the federal government to play a lead role in the assessment of best available technology/best environmental practice approaches for healthcare waste management; facilitate information sharing and to attract necessary capacity and infrastructure support to states and their call for approval of policy on healthcare waste.

    But my challenges go to federal and state ministries of health and envirnment because majority of healthcare waste falls wthin their jurisdiction.

    The NCH meeting centred on the problems of healthcarewaste management n the country’s healthcare facilities and recommended among others that, by the end of 2007, all healthcare and research facilties should put in pace infection control systems. And that waste management committee must include head of the hospital or his representative, the heads of departments in a hospital, and their registered Environmental Health Officers in chrge of waste managemnt. By the end of 2007, the meeting also recommended that every healthcare and research facility, where none exists, shall create an Environmental Health Department/Unit manned by qualified professionals charged with the responsibility of environmental health services including waste management; by the end of 2010, every Teaching Hospital, Specialist Hospital and Federal Medical Centres and other similar health care facilities with more than 200 beds shall provide within their premises, a modern incinerator and ensure the employment of sufficient Environmental Health Officers for effective management of wastes within their facilities, and many others.

    These and other recommendations were communicated to all Chief Medical Directors of University Teaching Hospitals and Federal Medical Centres by Federal Ministry of Health. The Registrar, Environmental Health Officers Registration Council of Nigeria [EHORECON], Mr Augustine Ebisike also wrote to the Minister of Health in 2007 over the issue.

    Sadly, till date, there is no appreciable progress in our teaching hospitals and federal medical centres, state specialist hospitals and other healthcare facilities to support summit’s recommendations on healthcare waste.

    Only a few health centres like Federal Medical Centres Yenagoa, Birnin-Kudu, Azare, Nguru, Dala Orthopaedic Hospital, have units that take care of environmental health issues as against the directive of former Minister of Health, Prof. Eyitayo Lambo on the creation of such departments/units and the employment of environmental health officers based on 2007 NCH.

    The only way this stakeholders summit on healthcare waste can achieve its objectives is by the monitoring of the Federal Ministry of Health to make sure the Lambo directive is implemented to the letter. More so, the Federal Ministry of Education should be involved as it has jurisdiction over universities health centres/clinics, which are also generating healthcare wastes.

    • Sani Garba Mohammed,

    Department of Public Health Technology, Federal

    University of Technology, Owerri.

  • The cankerworm called malaria

    SIR: Last week, the Chief of Army Staff, Lieutenant General Azubuike Ihejirika, disclosed that the Boko Haram sect has killed 3,000 people in the last few years. That is a high figure by all means and the menace needs a prompt solution. But by the end of this year, it is estimated that 300,000 Nigerians will have been killed, not by Boko Haram, nor through community clashes, road accidents, plane crashes, or war, but by a vicious killer called malaria. That figure is the combined population of five countries: Seychelles, Andorra, Dominica, Liechtenstein and San Marino.

    Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; it is also the most hard-hit by malaria in the entire globe. Often referred to as ‘the disease of poverty,’approximately 50 percent of all malaria cases occur in only five of the world’s countries. Nigeria has the unenviable distinction of placing first among inflicted countries by raking up 23 per cent of all reported cases. Inflicting much pain and suffering, malaria not only destroys lives, but tears apart families and cripples the ability of countries to move forward.

    According to Nigeria’s National Malaria Control Programme, some 90 million of the country’s total population of 169 million are affected by malaria annually. Over 300,000 Nigerians perish as a result of the disease each year, a figure which represents ten per cent of the yearly death total in the African continent. Malaria is a cruel disease which strikes people of all ages, and 30 per cent of infant deaths in the country can be attributed to complications stemming from malarial infection. The disease also contributes to Nigeria’s ongoing economic issues, costing the developing country an average 160 billion naira (one billion dollars) a year in medical expenses and lost hours of productivity.

    As yet, no efficacious vaccine has been developed to combat malaria. In affected regions of the world, the only defence people have is the near-impossible task of avoiding mosquito bites. For this specific reason, malaria relief efforts to date have centred on mosquito net donation programmes. Sleeping under insecticide-treated nets has proven to be somewhat effective, preventing five to six out of every 1,000 children they protect from being infected, according to independent non-profit organization, the Cochrane Collaboration. Aerosols and coils are also known to be effective in combating the malaria scourge. Locally developed repellants have also been ascertained to be effective in the fight against these noxious insects in most rural settlements. As good as these measures are, they have harmful and side effects to human health.

    With our limited means of defence against the disease, malaria is once again on the rise. Recent research by Dr. Vincent Corbel and a team of French scientists, published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, shows that malaria-carrying mosquitoes are developing a tolerance to the various insecticides employed against them. Corbel’s research also notes a shift in the insects’ feeding habits, circumventing the use of mosquito nets by concentrating their attacks outdoors.

    The challenge is to eradicate mosquitoes completely. But since that is a long shot, the onus is on all stakeholders to find a more effective way of preventing mosquitoes from biting people, especially young children and pregnant women. Organizations as well as government agencies should take this as a challenge. In recent times, the Global Fund has saved more than 7.7 million lives by funding treatment and preventative care programmes across the planet. Leading humanitarian agencies such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Roll-Back Malaria (RBM) and DFID have over the years been committedto fighting malaria.

    In the light of the present realities, it is expected that iconic innovative companies will invest more in research and development in order to come up with safe and affordable products that will ensure that the mosquitoes are entirely stamped out.

    • Azuka Onwuka

    Lagos, Nigeria.

    azonwuka@yahoo.com

  • Time to tackle rot in police

    Time to tackle rot in police

    SIR: Your esteemed newspaper would have done an evergreen service to this nation if this view of ours is published therein on the ongoing trial of former Inspector General of Police, Mr Sunday Ehindero and a former Commissioner of Police in charge of Budget, Mr John Obaniyi before an Abuja High Court over his alleged complicity in the misappropriation of about N557million belonging to the Nigerian Police Force (NPF).

    Though Ehindero has pleaded not guilty, to the six-count criminal charge preferred against him by the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC), it behoves the anti-graft agencies in the country not to look back in this effort to sanitise the system.

    Interestingly, the anti-graft agency has maintained that by its investigations, the accused persons allegedly diverted a whopping N300million out of N557million donated to the NPF by the Bayelsa State Government when President Goodluck Jonathan was its Governor. The money, the ICPC revealed, was traced to a fixed deposit account at a bank where it had yielded an interest of N9.8 million.

    Observing that the money was donated for the procurement of arms, ammunition and riot control equipment, ICPC, equally alleged that the accused persons placed another N200 million in a fixed deposit account with another bank where it once yielded N6.5 million interest.

    By the ICPC’s claim, the agency revealed that the fraud was perpetrated between May and November, 2006 during when Ehindero piloted the affairs of the Nigerian Police – between 2005 and 2007.

    There is no doubting the fact that the blood of many a concerned Nigerian will be running cold today whenever they ruminate on the magnitude of looting that has become the norm in this endowed nation where the masses suffer in the midst of plenty.

    An average policeman in the country today is a sorry figure. They work grudgingly on empty stomach and in most cases, with pitiably tattered bathroom slippers. They are poorly remunerated and armed. This is among the reasons they fall easy preys to armed robbers who boast superior weapons. Yet, year in, year out, we hear of mind-boggling allocations for police and other security agencies in our annual budgets. Then where have these allocations been going?

    Of course, save-our-souls telephone calls would have been causing serious traffic congestion in the air now, but we dare say that the entire world is watching the developments vis-à-vis the so-called commitment of the Goodluck Jonathan-led administration to fighting corruption no matter whose ox is gored.

    In this matter, Jonathan’s administration is equally on trial as the outcome of the Ehindero Trial will go down as part of his profile by which posterity will judge him and indeed, our beleaguered Judiciary.

     

    • Edwards Olawale

    President, People’s Voice against Corruption (PVC),

    Surulere, Lagos.

  • Nigeria needs improved identity management systems

    Nigeria needs improved identity management systems

    SIR: May I use this medium to express my concern over the worrisome dearth of records and the dangers it portends for our dear country, Nigeria.

    Many IT professionals have always advocated that government should create an integrated national database which will feature information about all its citizenry. A database from where public and private organizations can pull information, with needed data to tackle issues of security such as criminality and terrorism is essential. Instead of doing this, government has either completely ignored the calls. For example, billions of the country’s resources have been wasted on printing of national identity cards, registration of voters especially during elections, conducting population census and many other resources-wasting programmes.

    It is befuddling that the various agencies of government such as the defunct Directorate of National Civic Registration (DNCR), Independent Electoral Commission (INEC), and the National Population Commission (NPC) saddled with these responsibilities create different databases to achieve their goals. This would have been unnecessary if a national database exists. Same data, such as name, date and place of birth; local government area, state of origin, occupation, etc are repeatedly being sourced from individual citizens during the course of his/her lifetime. Examples include enrolment in schools, opening of bank accounts, application for employment and others.

    In 2007, the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) was established by the federal government as the only recognized, regulatory and institutional mechanism for implementing government’s reform initiatives in the identity sector, but unfortunately not much has been heard about the agency.

    As a regulatory and institution for implementing government’s reform initiatives, the objectives of NIMC as regards the National Identity Management Systems (NIMS)are to carry out the registration of citizens and legal residents as provided for in the Act; create and operate a National Identity Database, issue unique National Identification Numbers (NIN) to qualified citizens and legal residents; issue a multipurpose (Smart) Card to every registered person who is 16 years and above and provide a secured means to access the National Identity Database so that an individual can irrefutably assert his/her identity.

    Others include harmonizing and integrating Identity Databases in Government Agencies to achieve resource optimization and shared services facilities, collaborating with private sector and/or public sector institutions to deliver on the NIMS and register births and deaths in collaboration with the National Population Commission.

    It is however a sorry case that the assets which NIMC took over from the Directorate of National Civic Registration (DNCR) “could not be re-used” according to the former. The implication of this is that NIMC have to start all over. Nothing to show at all for the existence of our nationhood since 1960 when we got independence, no data!

    It is interesting that NIMC has, however, taken the bull by the horns by initiating the NIMS programme in 2009. The NIMS comprises the National Identity Database also known as a Central Identity Repository or Register (CIDR), a chip-based, secure identity card and a network of access and means to irrefutably prove or assert the identity of an individual among other things.

    Most importantly, what NIMC needs to look at critically is the clause that NIN will only be issued to every citizen from the age of 16 years and above. Does it mean that those under 16 are not Nigerians? NIMC should ensure that there should be no age restriction in obtaining NIN. Once a child is born into a hospital, he/she should be registered and enrolled into the NIMS and issued a NIN immediately to reduce the accumulation of those that are supposed to register and would help in monitoring each citizen, right from birth.

     

    • Olatunde Tijani,

    IT Consultant, CEO, Leo6 Technologies.

  • Great Piece, ‘The decent society’

    SIR: I read Sam Omatseye’s weekly In Touch column of November 12, titled The Decent Society. It is brilliant, dispassionate and incisive.

    It is advocacy for “ground rules” to underpin the reconstruction of a decent society aligns with what I called the “agreement of a New Normal” in a recent speech for the 2012 Akintola Williams Annual Lecture. May your ink never dry.

    Blessings always,

     

    • Oby Ezekwesili

    Former Minister for Education

     

  • Gullibility is harming Nigeria on all fronts

    Gullibility is harming Nigeria on all fronts

    SIR: Kindly let me use your esteemed medium to express my worries over the worsening gullibility among my fellowmen which makes them fall easy prey to the antics of fraudsters who are in various forms.

    A Harvard study said the most gullible people in the world are the Filipinos. The study said “the causes of this gullibility include the inability to question information and an over-reliance on interpersonal sources.”

    All too often, Nigerians fall easily to swindlers, especially money doublers. Usually, the customer brings a small amount of money which he hides under a scrap of cloth.

    The trick is for a few customers to win small amounts to convince those with big money to play. Those who win the small sums are smart when they take their winning and walk away. But the greedy will stay and stake a bigger sum. The customer is given the cloth with the money and warned not to open it for a given period of time. Eventually, when the customer opens it he finds no money but scraps of paper. And when he returns to complain, the blame is laid on him.

    Even now, Nigerians will go for‘wonder banks’ that promise unreasonable returns.

    As Aristotle once observed, youths are easily deceived because they are quick to hope. In Nigeria the youth are lured easily by politicians for their own selfish purposes and eventually discard them. Looking for work to do, and finding none, the youth become a menace to the society.

    At no place than the church is the gullibility of Nigerians most manifest. Nigerians, believing that what ever the pastors tell them is divinely inspired, accept everything in ‘faith’. People have been flagellated to exorcise their purported demons. Men have allowed their pastors sleep with their wives believing that it will be the solution to the couple’s infertility.

    Nigerians, seeking for any means to get wealthy go to witchdoctors who are themselves poor. Idolaters carve images and call them their god. Nigerians have an unrivalled herd mentality.

    Suicide bombers have continued to bomb their own fellow Nigerians in the dubious belief that they are carrying out a divine injunction. And because of gullibility, there is no shortage of recruits. Without asking questions, without examining facts, Nigerians gang up to mob and burn fellow Nigerians alive.

    Tribalism is also a consequence of gullibility. Nigerian children grow up hating other tribes because their parents told them that those ones are their enemies. When the children grow up, they pass it on to their children and the cycle goes on. It is this deep-seated prejudice that has made Prof Chinua Achebe’s book “There was a country” an issue of truculence.

    Perhaps the most gullible among Nigerians is the government, particularly to organizations like the IMF and World Bank and some other so-called international lenders. As at today, Nigeria’s debt profile is $44 billion, and recently it signed a new deal to borrow $600 million from China’s Export-Import bank, supposedly to build a railway to service Abuja and its environs, a deal said to be in dispute. If our earnings from oil are judiciously used and leprous hands of corruption don’t touch them, we would not need to borrow money to finance any projects. Our creditors sold SAP (Structural Adjustment Programme) to us, and we bought it!

    Debt is a tool for manipulation by neo-liberalists led by these institutions and other institutions known as the”Washington Consensus”. They sold to a gullible Nigerian government the idea of fuel subsidy withdrawal. They preach privatization but are on hand to make sure local industries are not protected and dead, so that they will have leeway for their own exports. They are the ones who sold devaluation of currency and high interest rate to our government.

    Gullibility fosters corruption. That is why fuel subsidy thieves can manufacture any figures to get undue payments under the nose of gullible NNPC and government officials and still get away with it.

    It is in Nigeria where a juju man has more credibility than a professor of science. It is in Nigeria we vote politicians in because they had no shoes growing up.

    If we must develop as a nation government, institutions, individuals should be critical and refrain from swallowing everything hook, line and sinker.

    • Dr Cosmas Odoemena,

    Medical practitioner, Lagos.

  • Yuguda’s lordship over council chairmen must end

    Yuguda’s lordship over council chairmen must end

    SIR: Barely two weeks after being sworn in as the caretaker committee chairman of Ganjuwa local government area of Bauchi State, the state governor, Mallam Isa Yuguda, sacked the chairman, Alhaji Abdul Hassan. The sack was contained in a statement made available to journalists in Bauch and signed by the permanent Secretary (Political Affairs), Government House, Bauchi, Hashimu Yakubu, on behalf of the Secretary to the state Government, Mr. Ahmed Ibrahim Dandija.

    Though no reason was given for the sack of the chairman, the statement stated that the governor had appointed Sallau Baba Nassarawa as the new caretaker chairman of the local government, adding that the appointment took immediate effect.

    This is not the first time Gov.Yuguda of Bauchi state will be suspending or sacking council chairmen without giving reasons for their removal from office. It is either no reason was given or they have been replaced with “immediate effect”.

    It must be recalled that in 2010 the governor suspended the entire 20 elected council chairmen for eight months for an offence that indicted none of them.

    We believe that by now, 13 years into the present political dispensation, our governors would have shed off the toga despotic tendencies of military administrators. In as much as we are not holding brief for any erring council administrator, Nigerians will no longer accept a situation where council chairmen are removed for no justifiable reasons.

    • Jeff Nkwocha

    LG Study Network, Warri

     

  • We must eschew corruption, greed and waste

    We must eschew corruption, greed and waste

    SIR: It is clear to all now that the war against corruption has completely lost steam. What many of us do not understand is why governments and their functionaries still insult us by mouthing their so-called zero-tolerance for corruption. The correct position is that our governments at all levels now have zero-tolerance for anti-corruption war. The Otedola-Farouk scandal remains an open sore that will not get healed until and unless either or both the dramatis personae is or are prosecuted forthwith. That scandal makes a mockery of all claims that there is a war against corruption in Nigeria. Nigerians will not allow the matter to die down. The police have shown gross incompetence in the handling of the matter. The file should be withdrawn from whoever is at present investigating the allegation of bribery and given to officers or agencies that know what they are doing.

    The only amendment that would make sense is for the National Assembly to make crimes of corruption strict liability offences that would require the defendant show that she is innocent and justify how she came about her stupendous wealth and not for the prosecution to prove that she is guilty. The Constitution should also make it clear that there would be no interlocutory appeal in criminal cases. Without these safeguards corruption cases will go on endlessly as we are already seeing with the oil subsidy scam.

    Reckless spending by states and the Federal Government needs to be checked urgently. One example which we have always brought up is the indefensible sponsoring of pilgrims to Jerusalem and Saudi Arabia. This is wrong and constitutes an unconstitutional frittering away of public resources. Those who want to go on pilgrimage should use their own resources. Religion is a private affair. If governments do not stop this unlawful practice, we shall consider instituting actions against all of them. The same goes for sponsoring of lawyers in the Ministries and in private practice on jamboree trips to International Bar Association Conferences where Nigerians do not make any presentation except to present their rowdiness and gaudy lifestyle. These jamborees explain why our roads are not motorable, our schools have collapsed and why there is general poverty in the land. Let the jamboree stop please!

    • Bamidele Aturu Esq,

    Legal practitioner, Surulere, Lagos.

     

  • Revenue crisis may hit Nigeria soon

    Revenue crisis may hit Nigeria soon

    SIR: Kindly permit me a space in your popular newspaper. Let us imagine a situation when crude oil prices do not exceed 40 US dollars per barrel and the demand for Nigeria’s oil drops because the US, a country that imports about 40 percent of Nigeria’s crude oil, cuts down significantly on imports of the product from Nigeria for other exporters of crude oil to that country.

    Let us contemplate a situation where the revenue of Nigeria can no longer support the constitutional allowances and remunerations that Nigeria’s rulers award themselves. Would it not be interesting to see scavengers of Abuja scamper away because the honey pot has been wiped clean? Board members of many redundant and unprofitable government corporations shall find nothing again to satisfy their lusts. State governors shall be hard pressed for their lack of ingenuity and creativity as they would not be able to cope with riots in their states caused by their inability to pay salaries of generally unproductive government workers. The centre will not hold again then, and the attraction of this union shall rapidly wither away.

    The saying “the need to diversify the economy” has become a cliché since nothing is being done in that direction by the leaders. However, lack of patriotic governance continues unabated.

    The 2013 federal budget proposal presented to the national legislature by President Jonathan reveals three present problems with Nigeria: First, the amount of revenue Nigeria should legitimately expect next year is not fully covered in the proposal. Two, the federal government is still acting as though there is no urgency for increased capital votes for expenditure on infrastructural development, education for the future challenges of new technology, welfare programs such as public housing in partnership with local governments (See the fourth schedule of the 1999 constitution which makes building and maintenance of houses for the poor and infirm mandatory for local councils), and on strategic partnership with state governments on projects and programs that will reduce unemployment. Three, there is no evidence that the federal government is eager to cut down on big government spending by implementing the recommendations of the Orosanya’s committee it had set up, which include either complete scrapping of redundant departments and agencies or merging some of them that perform duplicate functions. The budget proposal is silent on shrinking of the size of government in any form or shape.

    Why has the Jonathan government kept the revenue from gas sales from

    the Nigerian people? This lack of transparency is not acceptable, and our legislators must ask those relevant questions. They must unearth revenues that the federal government keeps away from both the state and local governments. An insidious conspiracy of forging figures is going on while Nigerians who know don’t talk and those who don’t know don’t ask.

    Does Nigeria need a revenue crisis to reveal information about our genuine revenues that is kept from our prying eyes? We are told how 400,000 barrels of crude oil are stolen daily! Don’t we have government anymore, or are those figures spouted out just to hide what is stolen by the kleptomaniacs in public office under some innocuous headings? Most probably, it would not move relevant government officials to resign, and neither would they lose their jobs should that figure rise to even 1 million barrels a day in the near future. The secrecy about our nation’s revenues, which is continually being spun by the PDP government, has come to be accepted as a difficult mathematical open problem that no polymath is presently inclined to consider.

    We must consider this problem. We need to resolve this seeming puzzle. A revenue crisis may hit Nigeria very soon except Nigerians are allowed to choose leaders who have a heart for the people. We can’t afford leaders who are never alarmed by their incompetence and

    lack of empathy for the people.

    • Leonard Shilgba,

    Associate Professor of Mathematics,u

    American University of Nigeria.

     

  • Maintenance culture can rebuild our nation

    Maintenance culture can rebuild our nation

    SIR: I have observed with serious concern that the culture of maintenance is lacking in Nigeria and will continue to be so unless something drastic is done to halt the trend.

    In developed countries like United States, Britain and Italy to mention a few, maintenance has always been part and parcel of their culture. The Statue of Liberty in the United States of America, the famous Tower Bridge on the Thames River popularly known as London Bridge, and the Big Ben, the tower clock hung since 1858 in London and ancient structures such as Rome’s Coliseum, built as far back as AD 60 and the Roman Forum are evidence of the importance of maintenance in preserving monuments that are vital to the history of not only cities but countries.

    Here in the African continent, Egypt, an ancient country also boasts several monuments such as the Pyramids and the Great Sphinx which is about 4,000 years old.

    The recently concluded Olympics Games hosted by the city of London also highlighted the age-long tradition of maintenance where tourists and visitors were conducted round the different monumental structures, one of which is the beautiful Church of England which has been in existence for centuries and still has all its architectural beauty intact and even stronger than modern-day structures.

    It is noteworthy to state that the aforementioned monuments still exist and are well-sought-after by tourists from all over the world due to the high premium that is placed on their maintenance and preservation by the government. The beauty and attraction of these cities stem from the fact that the various stakeholders involved have not only taken maintenance as part of their culture but have domesticated it in their everyday lives.

    Back home, what we have in our dear country is an opposite of what obtains in developed countries, where our citizens throng on a daily basis for greener pasture. Maintenance in Nigeria is almost non-existent owing largely to negligence, inconsistent government policies and desirability of new projects at the expense of maintaining the old ones and misplacement of priority.

    Another area where maintenance has been dealt a major blow in the country is the spate of collapsed old structures which can still stand the test of time if properly maintained. Buildings that ordinarily ought to have been pulled down are still in existence due to non-enforcement of appropriate building and maintenance laws. Many unsuspecting occupants of such edifice soon become victims when it eventually collapses. Stakeholders, including government and individuals have major roles to play in ensuring that we all imbibe maintenance culture.

    In May 2012, the assessment of the nine-year-old National Stadium, Abuja which was supposed to play host to the botched pre-season tour by Arsenal Football Club of England, was carried out by the Senate Committee on Sports. The report by the committee was quite shocking as it was revealed that the Stadium was in a ‘sorry’ state.

    In Ogun State, huge step towards reviving the tradition of maintenance is being taken. Noteworthy is the repair work recently carried out on the June 12 Cultural Centre, Kuto, Abeokuta. The structure which was built in 1992 is wearing a new look.

    Apart from the fact that the existing structure was repaired, painted and given a facelift, new innovations such as a swimming pool, fun fare arena, children playground, a blend of the contemporary amusement park, and a traditional local café have been introduced.

    Also, 1,500 modern and colourful seats have been fixed to replace the obsolete ones. The beauty of maintenance is that not only the existing old form is taken care of, new innovations and ideas of the current era which could not have been in existence when the project was created would be incorporated, while also keeping track of history which will become embedded in the sand of times.

    • Olatunde Tijani,

    Public commentator, Abeokuta.