Category: Commentaries

  • The Mbu legacy in Rivers

    SIR: The police is suposed to be the friend of the people partly because they are saddled with the responsiblities of maintaining laws and orders, and also ensuring the protection of lives and properties of citizens. When Mbu J. Mbu was transfered to Rivers State in Feb, 2013 as the state Comissioner of Police. the people must have thought that an end had come to the security challenges facing the state.e reverse turned out to be the case as impunity had free rein under him.There was absolute lawlessness in Rivers between Feb,2013 until his recent redeployment to Abuja. It was under Mbu’s watch that the Rivers State House of Assembly was desecrated when honourable members fought and injured themselves like thugs.Also properties were destroyed in the course of the fight and nothing was done by the police to prevent it. Futhermore, it was during his administration that a serving senator was shot and injured with a rubber bullet by the police during the Save Rivers Movement rally, thus , adding more stains to the already battered image of the Nigerian police and thereby reducing the confidence of the people in the police. With his redeployment to Abuja, the people of Rivers hope and pray that the deployment of Tunde Ogunsakin to the state by the Police Service Commission would restore the confidence of the people in the police a as friend in need and indeed.

    • Clarke E. Edwin ,

    University of Lagos.

  • INEC, patent and the judiciary

    RECENTLY, an Abuja Federal High Court held that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) infringed on the patent rights of Bedding Holdings Ltd (BHL) in the contract purchase of Direct Data Capture (DDC) machines in 2010. In his judgment, Justice Ibrahim Auta awarded N17.3 billion damages to the plaintiff – representing 50 per cent of the value of the contract. The genesis of the case was the contract awarded by INEC in 2010 to three firms (one indigenous and two foreign) for the supply of DDC machines for voter registration in the run up to the 2011 general elections. It was a contract award that drew much attention to itself, first for the shortness of time for the firms to execute it, and second, for the involvement of foreign companies in a job many argued would be effectively handled by indigenous firms. INEC in a sense heeded the call of some patriotic Nigerians by awarding a huge part of the contract to the only Nigerian firm among the three awardees. This gesture alone created instant jobs for hundreds of Nigerians and arrested capital flight. At the end, Nigerians were justified for canvassing for all the job to be given to competent indigenous firms. Proof of this was the verdict from INEC that only one company delivered the DDC machines within the stipulated time frame of about 35 days. That company (Zinox) was the only indigenous firm among the lot. This feat strengthened the position of local content advocates to canvass for a wider berth for local companies in the overall national quest for economic growth and sustainable development. Consequent upon the award and successful execution of this contract, Beddings Holding approached the court, claiming it is the rightful owner of the patent for DDC machines and allied process of data capturing. In delivering his judgment, Justice Auta said: “From the evidence before this court, it is clear that the plaintiff actually owned a subsisting patent right over the process, application and the use of DDC machines for voters’ registration”. He also said: “Section 6 of the nation’s Patent and Design Act preclude anybody from using a patented invention without the consent of the inventor. So, INEC should always play by the rule so that its conduct does not affect the outcome of elections.” It was on the basis of this that the judge awarded cost in favour of the plaintiff. While I do not begrudge the plaintiff for the judgment or the three companies for making billions of naira from the DDC machines contract, there is the overriding need to examine the nature of patents, the implications of the judgment, the behaviour of INEC and the role of the judiciary in the nation’s electoral process. A patent, according to Encarta dictionary, is an exclusive right officially granted by a government to an inventor to make or sell an invention. Patents are granted for inventions and an invention is a process or device created by someone or group. The very fact that it is called an invention worthy of patent suggests that such process or device is new, unique and has never before been achieved. In the instant case of DDC machines, it is hard to prove that any Nigerian, individual or body corporate, is the inventor. To infer such and to ascribe such status to oneself means that other DDC processes including the bungled national identity card project under former President Olusegun Obasanjo, the direct data capture undertaken by the Nigerian Communications Commission and the telecoms companies in the country all infringed on the right of the patent owner. All of these projects bordered on the capturing of the biometric data of Nigerians in just the same way the INEC DDC machines did. Patent under any law, sovereignty or trade agreement including the World Trade Organisation (WTO) schedule is a very serious matter which must not be subjected to political, pecuniary or sentimental manipulations. Thomas Edison holds the patent for the electric bulb because he invented the electric bulb through well-defined process in a known and verifiable laboratory. He did not lay claim to the invention, he actually created a device. On that count, humanity says he deserves his patent. This is the context in which the judgment of Justice Auta is not only curious but strange. It is at best a mockery of reality and acceptable global tenets on matters of patents and patenting. But it raises a number of questions. Was the DDC machine used by INEC including the process of deploying such machine a Nigerian invention or the invention of any particular person or institution? What about the DDC machines used during the national identity card project or the ones used during the SIM Card registration by NCC and telecom companies in the country? The DDC machine comprises a laptop with camera, fingerprint capturing device (scanner) and printer. Besides, none of these devices can function without a software of its own and you need another software to tie them up together to function as a unit. I am a firm believer in the judiciary and a fervid advocate that people should resort to the judiciary to defend their rights. To that extent, the judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction should be binding on the parties involved. But the judiciary is not all about a High Court. The instant case requires further judicial inquisition and it is on this basis that a judgment of this nature need to be scrutinised by a higher assizes namely the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. It would be interesting to know in the final analysis what should earn a patent from the Nigeria patent office. Should one, for instance, be awarded patent for a product or service which he or she had no factory, laboratory or proven competence to create or just because such person was able to produce any document to support a claim? Nigerians need urgent answers to assuage their curiosity. •Musdafa writes from Abuja

  • Power sector: Return to Egypt?

    ONE of the most memorable events recorded in the Holy Bible is the journey of the Israelites from Egypt to the Promised Land. The story, in the book of Genesis, is not only well known to virtually every Christian and many more who have taken time to read the holy book, but its captivating essence is quite instructive. Each verse captures the incontrovertible evidence of God’s power over creation and how it could be used to favour as well as destroy, depending on His preferences, while on the flipside also showcasing man’s frailty to recognising, acknowledging and situating the profundity of such capacity in his relationship with God. How could the Israelites display such faithlessness after witnessing the wonders God performed in pulling them out of Egypt, including practically dividing the Red Sea to allow them passage and causing it to swallow the pursuing Egyptian soldiers, that they, in no time, began to doubt that the same God could see them through obviously far lighter problems? That is probably where the growing grumbling of many Nigerians grappling with the current challenging situation of electricity supply in the country becomes understandable. Suffering, no matter how slight, is certainly not man’s best of friends. So, in recent times, like the Israelites began to grumble as soon as the journey through the wilderness became more upsetting and some of them wishing to have been left in Egypt to continue and die in endless suffering, even with the strong smell of the Promised Land wafting through the air, many Nigerians are also already similarly becoming weary of continuing the journey on the clearly defined road towards optimal electricity delivery. Apart from individual complaints, media commentaries seem to have added to the growing doubts over the recently concluded privatisation of the power sector in the Nigerian, notwithstanding that the same people actually joined in rolling out the drums to welcome that singular feat achieved not too long ago. Because patience is a virtue which appears to be in short supply, this apparent despondency within these quarters have led to their questioning the competency of the new operators in the sector. “Where did they prove their expertise that qualified them to take over? What is their capital base? How are they going to raise the money they require to increase capacity and turn the sector around?” And as is wont in our clime, the only conclusion is the expected mantra – corruption. “They sold the companies to their cronies.” But does it follow? Where on earth have the expectations such Nigerians demand of the current process been met before? Surely, very few businesses are likely to mature and break even in three months. Even in well established ones, how much positive changes can be expected with the change of management in so short a time without cutting corners? Does a farmer not attend to his yam; guide the shoots and stems properly to ensure they do not stray away; continuously weed it; erect scarecrows to ensure that animals are kept away and engage in other activities necessary to prepare for a rich harvest? Does it happen in three months? Do we then expect less from the new operators in the power sector, whose tenure on the scene is less than three months? No matter the expertise with which they come, are they not expected to take stock and examine the ground before going full blast with their operations? What about staffing and equipment matters? Indeed, is it possible for them to do what the country could not do in decades in less than three months, given the depth to which the sector has sunk during this period? These are the bigger issues, the bigger questions. Even the telecom sector that symbolises the most apt example of the expectation in the power sector did not come quite easily or happen in a jiffy; neither have the services come anywhere to being perfect, nearly 15 years after. Have we forgotten that for many years, GSM phones remained the exclusive preserve of privileged Nigerians? Not only were the SIM cards quite costly, the process of obtaining them was also cumbersome. Now, the same cards are sold in every street corner at give-away costs and sometimes even free. From the foregoing, the only plausible option open to Nigerians is to be faithful and trusting. Professor Chinedu Nebo, Minister of Power, presently driving the process, must have the trust which the Israelites denied Moses during the journey to the Promised Land, not only because it is the only way to get there quickly, but because his pedigree beggars any form of failure. His outing in similar assignments, particularly as the Vice Chancellor of University of Nigeria Nsukka, UNN and the Federal University, Oye Ekiti, at different times, may be too distant for some to remember. But not the seamless conclusion of the privatisation exercise, a feat which not only appeared intractable before his arrival, but acknowledged as one of the most ambitious and most transparent of its kind in the world. Even at that, industry followers would admit that domestic issues that fell on Nebo’s desk like signing the management contract for the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) and issuing of the Schedule of Delegated Authority (SODA); inaugurating the TCN Supervisory Board and revamping the transmission infrastructure; reactivating and funding the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) and resolving labour issues and paying entitlements of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) among other things were not easy tasks, given the hiccups that dogged the entire process in the past. Yet, the Minister handled them so effortlessly. Recently, President Goodluck Jonathan flagged off Operation Light-up Rural Nigeria, another initiative that appeared like the icing on the cake in widening the horizon of the minister’s mandate, as it is aimed at electrifying the remotest areas of the country without hope of being connected to the national grid in the foreseeable future. The combined effect of all these is that there is a focused leader, who does not only know the direction he is going, but has the impetus of motion and the only foreseen result is success. Last week, the minister was quite emphatic about this in his strong message to generator sellers: “Mr. President had announced and I have reiterated it that generator sellers should start thinking of another business, because we will give Nigerians power.” Certainly, only the frivolous can talk with such boldness without a basis and those who know Nebo, will never associate him with that weakness. Of course, the picture he painted is already manifesting in some areas of the country. In Abuja, for instance, many people have forgotten that they own generators. As for problem areas, the minister promised accelerated action to deal with them. “We have problems in Lagos – technical problems. Power fluctuates so badly in Lagos; is much worse now. That problem will be resolved very soon. But in many parts of the country, you will begin to see gradual growth and very soon, with the repair of the Western gas pipeline – Warri- Escravos and so on – generation capacity will grow. And when that happens, there will more power available for the distribution companies to give to Nigerians,” he added. Good news: A few days after, that has happened, with the report that the pipelines have been fully repaired. Perhaps, the only foreseeable hiccup here is vandalism; saboteurs diving into the high sea to burst pipelines supplying the power stations with gas to ensure that electricity is not generated, for either economic or political reasons. They are the ones Nigerians should turn their anger to and do the battle against. They are the ones capable of derailing the train that has already left the station. In fact, nobody who was at the Nigeria Power Sector Investors Conference, on Monday, February 10, would have been left in doubt about what is going on in the industry. Not after witnessing the quality of investors from 29 countries that were there scrambling to see how they would get a piece of the action. For many Nigerians who seem disappointed that the transformation they expect after the assets handover in the power sector, has not taken place, it is instructive to note that the privatisation exercise is not an end, but a means to an end. That axiomatic first step, the right step in the direction of a thousand miles has just begun. And with it, comes a resounding message: We will not return to Egypt.

  • Ogun: Much ado about another term

    Ogun: Much ado about another term

    SIR: Anyone who resides outside Ogun State is likely to get worried about the media coverage of the political activities in the state in recent times.

    Political watchers and those that are familiar with the issues involved are however better informed. The truth is that the so-called political misunderstanding among members of the All Progressive Congress (APC) in the state is overblown for obvious reasons.

    It is very clear that politicking is here with us and every minor issue is blown out of proportion. Furthermore, there is the issue of elected officials wishing to secure another term. These people, who were simply anointed to contest the 2011 general election on the platform of the defunct ACN,  seemingly want a repeat of the 2011 selection procedure.

    Having had an easy entry the other time, they obviously will not want to go through the democratic selection process but will rather prefer that they are handed the tickets to contest the 2015 election as it was in 2011.

    The realities of today however would not support a blanket directive allowing those already serving not to test their popularity among the party members. It is only fair that they and others that are so interested be given the opportunity to come forward and showcase what they have to offer to the party members, who will ultimately determine who contests for which position.

    Governor Amosun has said many times that whoever is interested in any elective position should come forward and  be part of the transparent democratic processes that will produce credible candidates as the party’s  flag bearers. This is a path of honour every aspirant should take instead of crying wolf in order to have the sympathy of traditional rulers, elders and leaders across the society, who may call for “an amicable solution in the spirit of peace”.

    Those who were voted for in 2011 general election now have the opportunity to return to the people and give an account of their stewardship.

    In democracy, power resides with the people. A true democrat should not be afraid of  elections.

     

    • Bola Adeyemi Oyero,

    Ifo local government.

     

  • Let’s criticise constructively 

    Let’s criticise constructively 

    SIR: Finally, seven senators on the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC) may have ignored the order by their party asking them to block the screening of service chiefs recently appointed by President Goodluck Jonathan by fully participating in the screening exercise.  The opposition party had initially issued a directive to its members in the house to frustrate the passage of the 2014 budget and the screening of ministerial nominees, alongside the confirmation of the new service chiefs.

    The opposition claimed that their action borne on the perceived persecution of its member, Governor Rotimi Amaechi of Rivers state alongside other security issues in the state which have element of partisan ideology.

    First and foremost, Rivers state is just a state out of the 36 states of the federation. Thus political issues within a state should not serve as yardstick in truncating major national issues. Just within the period of waiting for the confirmation of the new service chiefs many lives had been lost through insurgent attacks in the volatile North-east region of the country. So, why on earth will a political party fighting for national interest try to frustrate the confirmation of the new service chiefs just because of an issue affecting a state governed by their member? This action will not only jeopardize our ailing democracy but will also compromise national security.

    The lawmakers have the power to summon and interrogate the commissioner of police alongside his boss, the inspector general of police for the misdemeanor in Rivers State rather than holding the nation and its citizens to ransom. The commissioner can be questioned about incessant disruption of opposition gatherings and other partisan security activities. In this case, the party can use its numerical advantage and I also believe that well-meaning lawmakers will support their decision either to seek for the redeployment or the sack of the commissioner.

    The first month of the year has come to an end; there is no better time to pass the year’s budget than now.  But it is so unfortunate that the opposition who is supposed to put the ruling party on its feet is trying to frustrate a sensitive issue like the national budget. There is no gainsaying that this year is a defining year for the present administration to finalize its transformation agenda and the budget is the only way to achieve that mission. Derailing the passage of the budget and hence its implementation will not only affect the economy but dehumanize the Nigerian populace.

    While every right thinking Nigerian is aware of the impunity going on in some states, especially River State, there is need to use our discretion to ensure ensure stability in the polity rather than promote party politics.

     

    • Moshood Isah

    Garki II, Abuja

     

  • Whither my petition to NHRC, House Committee on Human Rights?

    SIR: I wish to appeal to the chairman, House Committee on Human Rights and the National Human Rights Commission to officially acknowledge the receipt of the petition I mailed separately to the two bodies. I did call the House Committee Secretary, Ado Abdul Sule earlier to inquire about the processes involved in submitting public petitions to the committee. He asked me to mail the petition to the National Human Rights Commission and also mailed the same petition to the committee.

    I have duly mailed the petition along with all relevant documents to the House Committee and the Zonal South West Office of the National Human Rights Commission via DHL express. The Sworn Affidavit was accompanied with a cover letter in each case explaining my complaints and prayers. The mails were appropriately delivered. I called the phone number provided on the Zonal South West Office of the National Human Rights Commission and I was told verbally that the mail was received. He did ask about my prayers in the petition to which I clearly explained that they were already provided in the petition.  Similarly, I sent a text message and also called Mr Sule and he confirmed verbally that the mail was received. I did appeal to him that I would appreciate if the receipt of the mail is officially acknowledged.

    The official acknowledgement of a public petition makes it clear to the petitioner that the presented case would be looked into. Similarly, the petitioner should be provided with information on progress being made on the petition. We must begin to show our citizens that they are duly respected and counted worthy by agencies established to protect their rights. This is the only way other nationals would begin to respect us and the culture of impunity would gradually become a thing of the past in our polity.

    I have lived in the United States of America for few years and my rights were never violated even as an international student. However, right in my homeland, my fundamental human rights were not only trampled upon but grossly violated and sustained with an orchestrated blackmail. The observed anomalies have continued without being resolved. This is the basis for appealing to the House Committee on Human Rights and the National Human Rights Commission to come to my aid and help protect my rights as a Nigerian citizen. Once again, I appeal to the two bodies to officially acknowledge the receipt of my petition and also act appropriately to investigate my complaints.

    • Akinlolu, Abdulazeez Adelaja

    University of Ilorin

     

  • CBN-NNPC tango: deeper in the mire

    CBN-NNPC tango: deeper in the mire

    A man who suffers a protrusion of the belly as he is treated of hernia is doomed. This adage aptly encapsulates the ongoing petro-dollars squabble between the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Consider that in the days of yore, it would have been something close to profanity for the apex bank to challenge the government or any of her agencies to a wrestling match of the fiscal kind. It is indeed a strange, if not unimaginable, occurrence in the arcane world of public finance and official revenue accounting.

    But the belly of Nigeria’s economy (not to mention politics) keeps protruding even as remedy is applied to another deadly ailment. As if our jumbled and bloated budget is not wearisome enough, all so suddenly all our government revenue agencies are being stumped by simple arithmetic. As if the oil subsidy mess of 2012 was not grievous enough, NNPC has continued to live up to its billing as the most opaque oil corporation in the world.

    You may accuse the CBN governor, Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi of loquaciousness and even playing to the gallery but you won’t quarrel with his whistle-blowing on the NNPC. If only because of the fact that the corporation has become an obdurate monster inured to any gently prodding. Which Nigerian does not know that our oil giant is a house of corruption? In the last three decades or so, NNPC has morphed from an oil giant that was to lead Africa and the emerging markets to a badly diminished, nondescript entity that has no place among even its top African peers. What Sanusi is trying to reveal is what we have written about almost every year and every season over this period.

    While Nigerians are still smarting from the $10.7 billion NNPC’s missing revenue according to Sanusi, the apex bank chief last week came up with even a larger figure of $20 billion. Appearing before the Senate Committee on Finance investigating the alleged non-remittance of earnings to the Federation Account, Sanusi armed with a 20-page document which has a separate 30-page appendix said:

    “We have provided evidence in the naira crude account that out of the $28 billion domestic crude shipped by the NNPC, it had repatriated $16 billion. Out of the $67 billion that has accrued to the NNPC account, we have accounted for $47 billion.

    “That is, out of the $67billion that NNPC shipped, $47 billion had been repatriated to the CBN. What we are talking about is the balance of $20 billion and what explanations had been given.” He said further: “I have submitted to this committee, written evidence of a presidential directive eliminating subsidy since 2009 and the NNPC needs to provide its authority for buying kerosene at N150 and from the federation account and selling at N40, and inflicting that loss on the federation.”

    NNPC’s Group Managing Director, Mr. Andrew Yakubu retorted that they were about concluding reconciliation which detailed report would be submitted to the committee: “That is where we are and what we reported is the true position of things; we are at the point of concluding our reconciliation, and as you are aware, the major chunk of the amount in question, over 80 per cent of it is in the subsidy for both PMS and kerosene,” he said.

    From the foregoing, it is apparent that we are confronted with the same old muddled- up graft story; the more you try digging (for facts), the more you sink deeper in the mire.

  • Appraising Uduaghan’s Delta beyond Oil

    Appraising Uduaghan’s Delta beyond Oil

    SIR: As the global search for shale gas and other forms of energy intensifies, global demand for crude, as we know it, keeps dropping. The effects on our economies–at macro and micro levels—are expected to be negative. It is on this premise that Governor Emmanuel Uduaghan’s drive to grow Delta state’s economy, in a way that there will be minimal disruption to its revenue sources when oil finishes or loses its global relevance, can be fully appreciated.

    Critics who saw the policy as mere sloganeering, had a field day when it was unfolded. Today, thanks to Uduaghan’s clear vision and the tenacity that propelled it, the idea is increasingly catching on across the Niger Delta and at the national level.

    In building a Delta that will prosper beyond oil, Uduaghan reckoned with the need for certain critical infrastructure-both human and physical-that will support diversification of the economy. Among the physical infrastructure he embarked upon that are in different stages of realisation are the Oghareki power plant, the Asaba International Airport, upgrade of Osubi Airport to international standards and the establishment of industrial clusters like the Koko Industrial Park, the Warri Industrial and Business Park as well as the Asaba ICT Park.

    His administration has also substantially harnessed the people’s entrepreneurial skills through the highly successful micro credit scheme. Not only has this scheme nurtured small and medium enterprises with over 100,000 beneficiaries, it has also won for Uduaghan’s government, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) awards, three times consecutively.

    The administration’s determination to change the landscape of the riverine and oil producing areas is, perhaps, the singular reason it has kept faith in heavily funding the Delta State Oil Mineral Development Commission (DESOPADEC) with 50 per cent of the 13 per cent derivation it receives from the federal government. It may yet be the only state with this level of commitment.

    Its investment in massive infrastructure renewal has resulted in the dualisation of major roads that include the 148 km Asaba-Ughelli road, the 33 km Ugbenu-Koko road, the Effurun-Osubi-Eku road, the 7.2 km Ughelli Artery, the PTI/Jakpa road and the Old Lagos/Asaba road, among others.

    New public schools and health-care facilities are being constructed or upgraded, but equally significantly is the progress of Oghara Teaching Hospital as a centre of excellence.

    However, easily the most profound outcome from the policy is the redirection of the youth who are growing up in expectation of an easy life from oil. Though oil has brought so much wealth to the multinational oil companies and the Nigerian state whose economy functions on 85% earnings from crude sales, it has over time become like nemesis for many Niger Deltans who are fixated on oil money. This attitude is gradually changing as the policy has succeeded in orientating them towards hard work.

    The picture of Delta State that is emerging is one that gives hope for the future and belief in the drive towards a new economy.

     

    • Sufuyan Ojeifo

    Abuja

     

  • Ogunsakin as Rivers Police Commissioner

    Ogunsakin as Rivers Police Commissioner

    SIR: Many Ikere-Ekiti sons and daughters have greeted with a generous outpouring of congratulatory messages the just-announced posting of Tunde Ogunsakin as Commissioner of Police to Rivers State.

    That’s how it should be.

    But many of these messages, in the main, have been full of hackneyed prayers and sentimental greetings. These are not enough.

    Let us all wake up to the fact that Ogunsakin’s posting is not just another routine arrangement. He is being sent to a virtual battleground in a state where a costly but absolutely unnecessary war has been waged for the past many months, a senseless war that has shown no signs of abating.

    You don’t require a soothsayer to tell you that, from the way things are going, the fate of Nigeria’s present democracy may well depend upon how the delicate war in Rivers State is handled. We are seeing in this state the acts of arrant stupidity, intolerance, and misuse of the so-called federal might that have been the bane of Nigeria’s several unsuccessful attempts at democracy. Once again, the monster is at our door. But as usual, we do not seem to see it.

    People of our land, shine your eyes…

    Ogunsakin will need all the courage, wisdom, hindsight and foresight he can muster to succeed in his new assignment. He must display a vital measure of that virtue that is in short supply in contemporary Nigeria: Integrity. A healthy dose of the proverbial positive stubbornness and moral nerve that typified Ekiti character in the past will be an absolute must in the new assignment.

    So, compatriots, I say: mushy felicitations and ethnic back-slapping will not do for the new Rivers Commissioner of Police. He will need the benefit of our wise counsel, honest admonition, candid comments, and objective appraisal. And, yes, our goodwill too – which he cannot afford to take for granted.

    So to Ogunsakin, our new Commissioner of Police to Rivers State, I say: please be careful of the incubus called the Nigerian Factor. Never forget to think about life after power/ after office. Remember the town from which you come.

    May your baton be brave but kind. May your medals shine without blinding the people. May your gun only respond to the extermination of evil. May you prove a true descendant of AJOLAGUN (the Ikere Hero who danced through battle and emerged unscathed).

     

    Niyi Osundare

    New Orleans, USA