Category: Foreign

  • U.S. House returns to end govt shutdown

    U.S. House returns to end govt shutdown

    Members of the House of Representatives headed back to Washington yesterday, after a 53-day break, braving the congestion at the nation’s tangled airports for a vote that could bring the longest U.S. government shutdown in history to a close.

    With nearly 1,200 flights canceled were yesterday due to the shutdown, lawmakers including Republican Representatives Rick Crawford of Arkansas and Trent Kelly of Mississippi said they were carpooling to the Capitol.

    Representative Derrick Van Orden said he was making the 16-hour drive from Wisconsin on his motorcycle.

    “It’s going to be a little chilly, but I will do my duty,” the Republican lawmaker said in a video posted to social media.

    The Republican-controlled House is due to vote today afternoon on a compromise that would restore funding to government agencies and end a shutdown that started on October 1 and is now in its 42nd day. The Republican-controlled Senate approved the deal on Monday night and House Speaker Mike Johnson has said he expects it to pass his chamber as well.

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    President Donald Trump is expected to sign it into law. “We’re opening up our country. Should have never been closed,” he said at a Veterans Day event in Arlington, Virginia.

    The deal would extend funding through January 30, setting the stage for another potential shutdown showdown and leaving the federal government for now on a path to keep adding about to its $38 trillion in debt.

    Within days, the U.S. government could be fully functional again, bringing relief to federal workers who have missed paychecks and low-income families who depend on food subsidies. However, it could take several days for the nation’s air travel system to return to normal.

    The deal has divided Democrats, who had sought to extend healthcare subsidies for 24 million Americans past the end of the year, when they are due to expire. Senate Republicans have agreed to hold a separate vote on those subsidies in December, but there is no guarantee it will pass the chamber, and Johnson has yet to say whether the House will even hold a vote.

    Johnson has kept the House out of session since it passed a stopgap funding bill on September 19, in a bid to pressure Senate Democrats to reopen the government. Trump, for his part, withheld billions of dollars from Democratic-led states and cities and sought to fire thousands of federal workers from what he termed “Democrat agencies.”

    The Democratic Party’s liberal base has reacted to the deal with fury, arguing that Senate Democrats had capitulated in a fight they were winning.

  • Lawyer advocates review of ECOWAS gender policy

    Lawyer advocates review of ECOWAS gender policy

    The Deputy Team Lead, Strengthening Peace and Resilience in Nigeria (SPRiNG), Priscilla Ankut, has urged member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to revise and strengthen the 2005 ECOWAS gender policy to reflect current realities.

    She also urged member states to integrate gender-responsive justice reform and establish a regional results and accountability framework.

    Ankut said this in a presentation made at a conference to mark ECOWAS at 50 with the theme: “ECOWAS Legal and Policy Instruments on Women and Gender Equality: Progress and Challenges” organised by the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation West Africa.

    She also urged member states to leverage ECOWAS gender instruments to develop national legal aid systems, strengthen gender desks within justice institutions, and ensure gender-sensitive training for judicial officers.

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    Ankut, a lawyer, urged ECOWAS members to invest in women’s economic empowerment and legal literacy, noting that economic autonomy enhances women’s ability to seek justice and challenge discrimination.

    She said: “ECOWAS has built a solid and progressive normative foundation for promoting women’s rights and gender equality through its legal, policy, and institutional instruments. However, the true measure of success lies in how these frameworks transform lives on the ground.

     “To achieve this, member states must move from policy intent to practical implementation — ensuring that every woman and girl in West Africa can access justice, participate equally, and live free from discrimination and violence.

     “This calls for renewed political will, adequate resources, and collective action from governments, civil society, and regional bodies to close the gender gap and advance sustainable development in our region.”

    Programme Manager, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation West Africa, Angela Odah called for increased access to justice in the region, especially for women and girls.

     She said: “There should be increase to access to justice in the region, especially for women and girls. To increase access to justice people needs to know what the laws are. If you don’t know that your rights are being violated, how do you go about fighting for them? Education of the populace about the laws, what it contains and ensuring that people are held accountable.”

    She added: “The objective is to ensure that we have a systematic approach, and consistent efforts are made to educate stakeholders in the society about the conditions that affect women.

     “Women face different challenges, but the reality is that because of the patriarchal society that we have across Africa and the world at large, no matter what social status a woman occupies you still have challenges that you have to deal with by the mere fact that you are a woman.

     “We have a patriarchal society that prioritises everything for men. Men have all the privileges politically, socially, culturally. The reality is that a consistent effort has to be made to educate people about the value of educating the girl – child, ensuring that both girls and boys are able to go to school, working towards addressing the challenges that girls might face that will withhold them back. It is a consistent effort.”

  • U.S. Senate deal sets stage for end to govt shutdown

    U.S. Senate deal sets stage for end to govt shutdown

    The longest government shutdown in United State (U.S.) history could end this week after a compromise that would restore federal funding cleared an initial Senate hurdle late on Sunday, though it was unclear when Congress would give its final approval.

    The deal would restore funding for federal agencies that lawmakers allowed to expire on October 1, bringing welcome relief to low-income families that have seen food subsidies disrupted, hundreds of thousands of federal workers who have gone unpaid for more than a month and travellers who have faced thousands of canceled flights.

    It would extend funding through January 30, leaving the federal government for now on a path to keep adding about $1.8 trillion a year to its $38 trillion in debt.

    President Donald Trump’s Republicans hold majorities in both chambers of Congress, but Democrats used rules that require 60 of the 100 senators to agree on most legislation, in a push for an extension of health insurance subsidies for 24 million Americans that are due to expire at the end of the year. The Senate compromise would set up a December vote on that measure.

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    Coming a week after Democrats won high-profile elections in New Jersey, Virginia and elected a democratic socialist as the next mayor of New York City, the Sunday votes by eight moderate Democrats to advance the deal provoked anger among many in the party who noted there was no guarantee that vote would pass the Senate or House of Representatives.

    Sunday’s deal was brokered by Democratic Senators Maggie Hassan and Jeanne Shaheen, both from New Hampshire, and Senator Angus King, an independent from Maine, said a person familiar with the talks.

    “For over a month, I’ve made clear that my priorities are to both reopen government and extend the ACA enhanced premium tax credits. This is our best path toward accomplishing both of these goals,” Shaheen posted on X on Sunday.

    Democrats have struggled this year to mount an effective opposition to Trump, who is backed by Republican majorities in both chambers of Congress and a conservative majority on the Supreme Court.

  • France’s Sarkozy back home after court frees him pending appeal

    France’s Sarkozy back home after court frees him pending appeal

    Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy was freed from jail and went home yesterday, after a Paris court ruled he could be released while he appeals against his conviction for conspiring to raise funds from Libya.

    Sarkozy was sent to prison on October 21 after he was found guilty in September of criminal conspiracy over efforts by close aides to procure funds for his 2007 presidential bid from late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.

    The former conservative leader, who was president from 2007 to 2012, told the court that being in jail had been tough.

    “Truth will prevail. This is a fact that life teaches us,” he wrote on X after returning home.

    He added that he would now focus on his appeal process, and that “the end of the story remains to be written”.

    The court said he did not represent a flight risk and, therefore, did not have to remain in prison until his appeal.

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    His release was based on specific criteria, such as whether there was a risk he could flee, and any indication of whether his appeal is likely to succeed.

    “Vive la liberte” (Long live freedom), Sarkozy’s youngest son, Louis, posted on his X account with a childhood photo of himself smiling alongside his father.

    Sarkozy’s five-year prison sentence had been enforced swiftly because of what judges in September called the “extraordinary seriousness” of the crime. He was incarcerated at La Sante prison in Paris – a stunning downfall for a former president.

    But the public prosecutor yesterday recommended that Sarkozy be freed pending his appeal of the guilty verdict.

    The court agreed to release him under judicial supervision, which includes a ban on leaving France and a ban on talking to any justice ministry official.

    Sarkozy has consistently denied wrongdoing, calling himself a victim of revenge and hatred. He did not attend yesterday’s hearing in person but was taking part via video link from prison.

  • UN, EU pledge support for improved human rights protection in Nigeria

    UN, EU pledge support for improved human rights protection in Nigeria

    The United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) have pledged their support for efforts aimed at strengthening human rights protection in the country.

    They commended the effort of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) for its consistent promotion of human rights in the country and ensuring that cases of rights violation are addressed.

    The UN Resident Coordinator in Nigeria, Mohammed Fall and the Deputy Head, European Union (EU) Delegate to Nigeria, Zissimos Vergos spoke for both organisations in Abuja yesterday during the unveiling of NHRC’s 30th anniversary logo as part of activities marking the commission’s 30 years of existence.

    Fall said: “For us in the UN family, it is a thing of joy to join in this celebration of 30 years of courage, 30 years of service, 30 years of unwavering commitment to human dignity.”

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    He noted that the NHRC was established to guarantee the rights enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution and in the global treaty and the regional framework for the protection of human rights.

    Fall observed that the NHRC has grown from a little beginning to become a pillar of justice for every Nigerian, who seeks protection from rights violation and every Nigerian, who seeks justice for rights abuses.

    He added: “Looking up to the next years, may the National Human Rights Commission deepen its legacy, strengthen its partnership and advance human rights to every corner of Nigeria, for every Nigerian and for everyone who finds home in this great nation.

    “May the National Human Rights Commission continue to be a beacon of justice for every Nigerian and for everyone who calls this land home,” Fall said.

    Vergos noted that as Nigeria continues on a dynamic path of development and reform, the NHRC’s work is more crucial now than ever before.

  • UN still vital for maintaining global peace, says ex-UNGA President

    UN still vital for maintaining global peace, says ex-UNGA President

    Former President of the United Nations General Assembly, Prof. Tijjani Muhammad-Bande, has said that the United Nations (UN) remains a vital institution for maintaining global peace, promoting justice and fostering cooperation among nations.

    He stated this yesterday at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA), Lagos, while delivering a Foreign Policy Lecture titled: “Relevance of the United Nations in World Order.”

    Muhammad-Bande, who is also Nigeria’s Permanent Representative to the UN, described the global body as “the epicentre of international diplomacy,” noting that it has continued to evolve with changing global realities since its establishment in 1945.

    “At this juncture in human history, avoidance of war among major powers is a must.

     “Predictability and the certainty of rules and norms are crucial to sustaining a just world order,” he said.

    He highlighted the UN’s achievements in peacekeeping, decolonisation, humanitarian assistance, and sustainable development, but also acknowledged challenges, particularly the veto power of the five permanent members of the Security Council, which he said often limits the organisation’s effectiveness.

    “When powerful nations violate the UN Charter and no action is taken, the credibility of the organisation is questioned,” he said, citing the ongoing conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine and some African regions.

    Muhammad-Bande urged African countries to take a more active role in global governance by strengthening democratic institutions, regional cooperation, and diplomacy.

    He also called on Nigeria to maintain a consistent foreign policy and to properly fund its missions abroad.

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    “Nigeria must stand for justice and fairness for all, especially those who are marginalised,” he said. “Africa’s future depends on its ability to silence the guns and speak with one voice in global affairs.”

    Muhammad-Bande concluded by stressing the importance of multilateralism in solving global problems, saying, “Nigeria and Africa must contribute positively to the evolution of a fairer and more just world order.”

    In his remarks, the Director-General of the NIIA, Prof. Eghosa Osaghae, described the lecture as timely, adding that it offered deep insights into the current challenges facing the international system.

    The DG, who was represented by Associate Professor Chinasa Ohiri, lauded Muhammad-Bande for his contributions to global diplomacy and restated the NIIA’s commitment to promoting informed discussions on Nigeria’s foreign policy direction.

    “At a time when the world faces multiple crises, including conflicts, climate change, and technological disruptions, Nigeria must continue to play a leading role in advocating peace and cooperation,” Osaghae said.

    He explained that the Foreign Policy Lecture Series are part of the Institute’s efforts to provide a platform for dialogue on international affairs and Nigeria’s role in promoting global stability.

  • CYSED reaffirms commitment to fighting cybercrime at UN gathering

    CYSED reaffirms commitment to fighting cybercrime at UN gathering

    The Cybersecurity Education Initiative (CYSED), has reaffirmed commitment to combating cybercrime during a United Nations gathering in Vietnam on October 25-26, 2025, marking the signing of the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime.

    At the main plenary, Co-Founder of CYSED, Ayodele Oluwatobi (Tobi Mayana), emphasized Africa’s commitment to advancing cybersecurity and preventing cybercrime through youth engagement and proactive collaboration.

    As one of Africa’s leading youth-driven nonprofits working to combat cybercrime and strengthen digital resilience, CYSED congratulated the member states on the historic adoption of the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime.

    Speaking from the perspective of on-the-ground realities in West Africa, Oluwatobi highlighted that while the new legal framework is essential, legislation alone cannot address the human factors driving cybercrime. Across the region, organized cybercrime groups exploit economic hardship and digital illiteracy, recruiting young people into global criminal networks.

    He also challenged the misconception of Nigeria as an unsafe nation, emphasizing instead its emergence as a growing force in security, nation-building, and the digital future.

    He said: “For too long, the international narrative has focused solely on cybercrime, overlooking the innovation, resilience, and ethical expertise of countless Nigerian professionals working to protect digital systems worldwide.”

    At the main plenary session, CYSED presented a statement that underscored this reality, that Nigeria is not only part of the conversation but an active contributor to global digital safety. The experience affirmed that the world is beginning to recognize Nigeria’s growing leadership and commitment to building a more secure and collaborative digital future.”

    He underscored that while the Convention equips nations with the legal tools for prosecution, its greatest strength lies in its preventive potential—particularly as reflected in Article 3. The measure of its success, he stated, will not only be the number of cybercriminals brought to justice but also the number of young people empowered to choose integrity and resilience over crime.

    Addressing the efforts of the Nigerian government on fighting cybercrime, Oluwatobi stated that while various departments are working hard to prevent this menace, digital literacy and sensitization should be prioritized. 

    “The Nigerian government has established a strong foundation in cybersecurity through the Cybercrime Act and the work of agencies such as the NCCC, EFCC, and FMoJ. The newly adopted Hanoi Convention now provides a global roadmap for the next phase, emphasizing a “whole-of-society” approach to tackling cybercrime, one centered on prevention, as outlined in Article 53 of the treaty.

    To move forward effectively, Nigeria must prioritize prevention through digital literacy and cyber ethics education at all levels, formalize partnerships between government, private sector, and civil society organizations actively engaged in the field, and ensure meaningful youth representation in shaping national policy. With the right coordination and commitment, Nigeria can strengthen its position as a leader in cybersecurity across Africa,” he stated.

    Oluwatobi stressed that youth stand at a critical crossroads: they can become victims, perpetrators, or defenders of digital trust. He called on Member States, as they move toward ratification and implementation, to fully realize the preventive measures outlined in Article 53—especially Paragraph 2, which emphasizes the indispensable role of civil society. 
    He urged governments to view organizations like CYSED not merely as stakeholders, but as implementation partners central to operationalizing the preventive programs envisioned under Article 53, Paragraph 3(f).

    Following the signing ceremony in Hanoi, the Convention will remain open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until December 31, 2026, and will enter into force 90 days after the fortieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession is deposited.

  • European national jailed 10 years for espionage in CAR

    European national jailed 10 years for espionage in CAR

    The Bangui Court of Appeal, Central African Republic, has sentenced a European national, Martin Figueira, to 10 years of hard labor after finding him guilty of espionage and offences against state security.

    Figueira, who holds dual Belgian and Portuguese citizenship, was convicted on six counts, including espionage, undermining state security, participation in a criminal association, and incitement to hatred and rebellion. He was also ordered to pay a fine of 50 million CFA francs to the Central African Republic (CAR).

    The court’s ruling on November 4, 2025, followed a week-long trial that began on October 28. Figueira, an employee of the American humanitarian organization FHI 360, was arrested in Zemio in May 2024.

    Prosecutors had requested a 20-year sentence, accusing the aid worker of maintaining links with armed groups and engaging in unauthorized cooperation with the International Criminal Court (ICC).

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    During the hearings, the court heard testimony that Figueira allegedly acted as an intermediary between the ICC and leaders of several armed groups, including Noureddine Adam, Bello Saidou, and Ousmane Mahamat. The prosecution also claimed that funds were transferred to these groups through Figueira in connection with his alleged collaboration with an ICC official, Nicolas Herrera.

    The defense, however, maintained that Figueira’s activities were consistent with humanitarian work and denied all allegations of espionage or subversion.

    The verdict has drawn attention from international observers, with questions likely to arise over the implications for foreign humanitarian operations in the conflict-torn nation.

  • Nuli celebrates grand opening in Washington DC

    Nuli celebrates grand opening in Washington DC

    …as Nigerian fast-casual restaurant brings unique, health-focused 

    …African-inspired dining experience to America

    Nuli, a first-of-its kind health-forward, fast-casual restaurant showcasing African superfoods and locally grown produce, officially opened its doors in the United States with a grand celebration at its first U.S. location inside The Square food hall, 1850 K Street NW, Washington D.C.

    The grand opening event marked a significant milestone for Nuli’s founder and CEO, Ada Osakwe, a celebrated Nigerian entrepreneur and investor whose mission has always been to transform the way the world experiences African food. 

    “My plan for Nuli was never to remain only in Nigeria”, Osakwe said in her remarks. “From the very beginning in Abuja, where we opened our first store in 2015, my dream was simple yet audacious: to present indigenously-grown fresh produce, grown by smallholder farmers, with pride and excellence—first to Nigerian consumers, then to the world.”

    The event drew distinguished guests from across government, business, and international development, who gathered to celebrate this bold moment for Nigerian entrepreneurship on a global stage. 

    The Special Guest of Honour, Olawale Edun, Honourable Minister of Finance of Nigeria and Coordinating Minister of the Economy was represented by Sanyade Okoli, Special Adviser to Nigeria’s President on Finance & the Economy.

    Other dignitaries in attendance included Ndiamé Diop, World Bank’s Vice President for Eastern and Southern Africa; Arunma Oteh, Oxford University Academic Scholar and Former Director General Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC); Bolaji Balogun, CEO, Chapel Hill Denham; Ndidi Nwuneli, President, ONE; Aloysius Ordu, Member, Monetary Policy Committee, Central Bank of Nigeria; Nathalie Akon, International Finance Corporation (IFC) Division Director for the West Africa Gulf of Guinea; Dr. Kingsley Obiora, Former Deputy Governor, Central Bank of Nigeria, among many others.

    The Nuli D.C. concept introduces American residents and visitors to a fresh, nutrition-forward take on African-inspired cuisine through farm-fresh meals and beverages filled with Africa’s bold flavours and nutritious superfood ingredients. 

    Beyond the Company’s Nigerian roots, the Nuli D.C. menu is influenced by culinary traditions across Africa’s 54 countries, paying homage to its rich diversity. From the Mediterranean North, spreading across Morocco to Tunisia, to the Indian-influenced Eastern countries of Kenya, Uganda & Tanzania, Nuli also reveals the confluence of cultures on the continent, celebrating our inherent connectedness with the rest of the world. 

    African-grown crops like Fonio, Moringa, Cassava, Hibiscus, Egusi and Baobab, can be found throughout the menu, ensuring these nutrient-dense, climate-resilient indigenous crops, sourced directly from smallholder farmers in Africa, are presented to an international customer base, showcasing Africa’s agricultural value chains, creating dignified jobs, and inspiring healthier food choices at a global scale. 

    Speaking about Nuli’s purpose, Osakwe shared, “There is an urgency to ensure that Africa’s economic diversification and export competitiveness is amplified. 

    Through Nuli, we are not only enhancing economic opportunities, but we are also changing narratives on what African brand excellence means in our world.”

    Osakwe emphasized how the inaugural Washington D.C. location represents more than just an expansion, but also serves as a symbol of patient execution, nearly ten years in the making. 

    She expressed gratitude for the critical support she received from the Nigerian Embassy of the United States, particularly the former U.S Consular General as well as the U.S. Counselor for Commercial Affairs who facilitated Nuli’s participation at the Select USA conference in D.C. in 2024.

    The event’s atmosphere was vibrant, elegant, and purposeful. Guests mingled over Nuli’s signature Africa Magic Jollof rice bowls, Fonio jollof bowls, Suya chicken wings, Couscous, Cassava naan bread wraps, and Nuli’s signature coldpressed juices, including Zobo.  

    Nuli D.C. reflects Ada Osakwe’s vision of transforming African crops into the next generation of global superfoods. What began as a small juice company in Lagos has evolved into an international lifestyle brand showcasing nutrient-rich indigenous African ingredients such as Fonio, Moringa, Cassava, and Baobab. 

    Conversations centered around the power of African entrepreneurship, the importance of sustainable food systems, and the rising global appetite for authentic African cuisine. 

    The atmosphere was both celebratory and deeply inspiring, as Nuli’s story became a living example of what’s possible when purpose meets focused execution.

    Throughout the evening, guests shared in the joy of this milestone moment. Conversations centered around the power of African entrepreneurship, the importance of sustainable food systems, and the rising global appetite for authentic African cuisine. 

    The atmosphere was both celebratory and deeply inspiring, as Nuli’s story became a living example of what’s possible when purpose meets passion.

    Nuli represents more than a business expansion; it is a bridge between continents, connecting African farmers to global consumers through food that is healthy and sustainable. The company’s expansion to the United States comes at a time when global conversations about food security, climate action, and inclusive growth are more urgent than ever. 

    By championing indigenous ingredients and empowering local farmers, the brand offers a model of how African-led innovation can nourish both people and the planet at scale. Nuli is open to the public at The Square, 1850 K Street NW, Washington D.C., operating Mondays to Fridays from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturdays from 12:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

    Nuli makes fresh, healthy foods accessible and convenient for urban consumers. Their mission is to energize healthier lifestyles with better nutrition using only locally grown farm produce and African superfoods. Through their fast-casual outlets, Nuli celebrates Africa’s unique culture and heritage with the regions’ diverse array of nutrient-rich superfoods. 

    The unique menu features customizable bowls, salads, and wraps, alongside cold-pressed juices, and smoothies. Nuli D.C. is open for operations at The Square, located at 1850 K Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20006. Learn more at www.nuliusa.com. Follow on Instagram at @nuliusa for updates.

    Ada Osakwe is a Nigeria-based entrepreneur and investor and serves as a non-executive Board Director on six (6) local and international-based Boards. For over 20 years, she has developed deep expertise and a unique blend of public and private sector experiences, starting in investment banking, development finance, and private equity, before moving on to public service and then entrepreneurship. 

    She is the founder of Agrolay, a principal investment firm that has made angel investments in 19 early-stage high-growth African companies and Nuli Foods, a restaurant chain with 7 locations in Lagos, Nigeria and Washington, D.C.

    Ada is a strong advocate for entrepreneurship finance support, youth and women empowerment in business. She serves as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), where she Chairs the Finance & Investment Committee. 

    She is a Non-executive director on the Boards of Delta 40 (Chair), One Acre Fund (Chair); the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) (Chair, Programs Committee & Grant Review Committee); the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF); and IMC Plantations Nigeria. She serves on the Advisory Investment Committee of the FASA fund (Financing for Agri-SMEs in Africa). 

    She is a Senior Advisor to the African Development Bank’s Vice President, driving the establishment of the Nigeria Youth Entrepreneurship Investment Bank (YEIB).

    Osakwe is the Forbes Africa Businesswoman of the year 2021. 

    She is a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum and an Archbishop Desmond Tutu Leadership Fellow. Consecutively, from 2016 to 2021, Choiseul/Forbes Africa listed her as one of the Top 100 Africans contributing to economic impact on the Continent. 

    She has also been a recipient of the Entrepreneur of the Year and Achiever in Agriculture Awards and was on the Forbes 20 Youngest Power Women in Africa list. 

  • ‘Dick Cheney’s death a loss to U.S.’

    ‘Dick Cheney’s death a loss to U.S.’

    Former United States President George W Bush has lead tributes to Dick Cheney, saying his death is “a loss to the nation and a sorrow to his friends”.

    Cheney died from complications of pneumonia and cardiac and vascular disease on Monday night at the age of 84, his family said in a statement.

    He became one of the most powerful U.S. vice-presidents in history under Bush, and leaves behind a controversial legacy as a key architect of the “war on terror”, and an early advocate of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

    “History will remember him as among the finest public servants of his generation,” Bush said in a statement.

    Cheney was “a patriot who brought integrity, high intelligence, and seriousness of purpose to every position he held”, Bush added.

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    “I counted on him for his honest, forthright counsel, and he never failed to give his best. He held to his convictions and prioritised the freedom and security of the American people.”

    Condoleezza Rice, who served as Secretary of State alongside Cheney in the Bush administration, said she admired him “for his integrity and his love of our country”.

    “He was an inspiring presence and mentor who taught me a great deal about public service,” she wrote on X.

    Former President Bill Clinton, a Democrat, said: “Though we often disagreed, I always respected his dedication to our country and his unwavering sense of duty.”