Category: Health

  • Breaking the Silence: Addressing the Stigma Surrounding Hormonal Imbalance in Nigeria

    Breaking the Silence: Addressing the Stigma Surrounding Hormonal Imbalance in Nigeria

    By Taofeeqat Okunubi and Zainab Akintoye

    Hormonal imbalance is a frequently overlooked health issue in Nigeria, affecting both men and women, yet it remains largely unaddressed due to social stigma and widespread misconceptions. Often undiagnosed for years, many individuals refrain from seeking help out of fear of judgment or having their condition dismissed.

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hormonal imbalance occurs when the body produces too much or too little of a hormone. This can lead to a range of health issues, including infertility, mood swings, and weight gain. Despite being prevalent, hormonal imbalances in Nigeria are underreported and poorly understood. Conditions like PCOS, thyroid disorders, and diabetes are common, yet their impact on individuals, families, and communities often goes unrecognized.

    Cultural beliefs and misunderstandings often contribute to the lack of open discussions surrounding hormonal imbalances. In many communities, health issues related to fertility and weight are misunderstood, leading individuals to conceal their symptoms. This is particularly common among women, who may feel pressure to meet societal expectations by not discussing their health conditions.

    Olabisi Mary, a businesswoman living with diabetes, shared her journey. “I was diagnosed with diabetes six years ago,” Olabisi recalls. “At first, it didn’t feel real because I thought I was healthy. I never imagined something like this could happen to me.” Her symptoms began with constant tiredness, thirst, and sudden weight loss. “I thought it was just stress or a minor issue, but when it didn’t stop, I went to the hospital. That’s when I found out I had diabetes.” Managing diabetes has not been easy for Olabisi. “It’s a lot to handle. I have to watch what I eat, check my blood sugar all the time, and take my medications. It’s like always having to be alert.”

    Social situations have also been tough. “Sometimes people don’t understand. They ask why I can’t eat certain foods or why I’m checking my blood sugar, and it makes me feel awkward.” Olabisi admits that diabetes hasn’t just affected her body but also her mind. “There were times I felt so alone, like nobody understood what I was going through. But I’ve learned to talk about it. Sharing my feelings with family and friends has helped me feel stronger.”

    Another individual, Suliat Yakubu, a Nigerian student, shared her struggles with PCOS, which led to irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, and emotional distress. “I was terrified to talk about it,” Suliat said. “There’s this unwritten rule in our society where if you have a condition that affects your appearance, people assume you’re weak or flawed. I feared that speaking about it would make others judge me.”

    Despite the overwhelming presence of symptoms, Suliat’s experience wasn’t unique. Like many others in Nigeria, she suffered in silence, thinking that the discomfort would somehow subside. Eventually, the visible symptoms particularly her weight gain—made it impossible for her to continue hiding. At that point, Suliat decided to speak out. “People started noticing the changes in my body. It felt like I couldn’t escape it anymore. I had to tell someone, and it was one of the hardest decisions I’ve made,” she recalled. “But opening up brought some relief. It was a weight off my shoulders to know that I wasn’t alone.”

    Hormonal imbalance affects not only women. According to WHO, a study of 216 Nigerian men revealed that 80% had hormonal imbalances contributing to infertility. These statistics highlight the widespread nature of the issue and the need for greater attention to hormonal health across both genders. However, the stigma surrounding hormonal imbalance remains a significant barrier to seeking help.

    Dr. Taoheed Alabi, a medical professional, stressed that societal attitudes play a huge role in worsening the issue. “People often internalize their struggles, fearing they’ll be stigmatized for something they cannot control,” Dr. Alabi explained. “Symptoms like weight gain, acne, or hair loss become the focus, and instead of offering understanding, society turns away.”

    Dr. Alabi further emphasized that Nigerians must overcome their fear of judgment and take action when they notice any changes in their bodies. “Your health is your priority. Don’t ignore symptoms or dismiss them as something minor,” he urged. “It’s important to seek medical advice promptly because early detection and treatment can make a significant difference. Silence only allows the condition to worsen and impacts your quality of life.” He also encouraged families and communities to foster open dialogue about health concerns, stating, “Support begins at home. When individuals feel safe to speak up, they are more likely to seek the help they need. We all have a role to play in breaking the stigma.”

    PCOS, thyroid imbalances, and other hormonal disorders contribute to a range of symptoms that can affect both self-esteem and social interactions. Dr. Alabi advocates for greater awareness and open discussions, especially about conditions like PCOS, which affects 5-10% of women globally.

    Adio Olalekan, a Nigerian farmer, shared his journey of living with a thyroid disorder, highlighting the challenges he faced due to the condition. “I was always tired, my weight fluctuated, and I couldn’t understand what was happening to my body,” Adio explained. “When I finally went to the doctor, they told me it was a thyroid issue, something I had never even heard of before.” Adio initially found it difficult to talk about his condition with others because of societal expectations, especially for men in his community. “People expect you to be strong and not complain about your health, especially as a man and a farmer,” he said. Despite these challenges, Adio eventually decided to open up about his thyroid disorder, realizing that staying silent was affecting not just his health but his overall well-being. “Talking about it was hard, but it helped me find the support I needed,” he shared. “Now, I want others to know that it’s okay to speak up and seek help. You don’t have to suffer in silence.”

    At 32 years old, Adekola has been living with adrenal insufficiency, a rare and life-threatening condition that affects the body’s ability to produce vital hormones like cortisol. It started with fatigue, Adekola began, recalling the symptoms that led to his diagnosis. In 2018, as a hardworking accountant, he said his constant tiredness was due to long hours at the office. But when he started having frequent dizziness, severe weight loss, and fainting, he knew something was wrong. “I was admitted to the hospital for tests, and that’s when I heard the words ‘adrenal insufficiency’ for the first time,” he shared. “It felt like my world stopped. I was scared, confused, and unsure of what life would look like moving forward.”

    Adrenal insufficiency is a condition where the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of cortisol and aldosterone hormones critical for managing stress, regulating metabolism, and maintaining blood pressure. Without proper treatment, it can lead to a potentially fatal adrenal crisis. “I carry an emergency injection kit everywhere I go,” he said. “It’s not just for peace of mind; it’s my lifeline in case of a crisis. Knowing that my body can’t respond to stress like others makes you appreciate every little moment.”

    Addressing hormonal imbalances in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach, including improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing public awareness, and combating stigma. Strengthening the healthcare system is crucial to provide timely diagnosis and effective treatment for those suffering from these conditions. This involves training healthcare professionals to better recognize and manage hormonal disorders and ensuring that diagnostic tools and medications are readily available and affordable.

    Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate communities about the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for hormonal imbalances. By dispelling myths and correcting misconceptions, these campaigns can help reduce the fear and shame associated with such conditions. Collaborating with schools, religious institutions, and local community leaders can further enhance outreach efforts and promote understanding.

    Combating stigma involves fostering a more open dialogue around hormonal health, encouraging individuals to seek help without fear of judgment. Support groups and counseling services can provide a safe space for individuals to share their experiences and receive emotional support. Additionally, promoting stories of people living with and managing hormonal imbalances can help normalize these conditions and inspire others to seek assistance.

    By addressing these issues through healthcare improvements, education, and cultural change, it is possible to improve the lives of those affected by hormonal imbalances in Nigeria and break the cycle of silence that perpetuates suffering and misinformation.

  • Breakthrough research brings new hope for joint pain treatment

    Breakthrough research brings new hope for joint pain treatment

    • At Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital (ABUAD-MSH), innovative research and comprehensive care are transforming the management of osteoarthritis, offering new hope and improved quality of life for patients living with this debilitating condition

    Osteoarthritis (OA), often considered an inevitable consequence of aging, affects millions worldwide, yet its impact is often downplayed or misunderstood. This degenerative joint disease, which causes the gradual breakdown of cartilage, leads to pain, stiffness and a diminished ability to move freely. For many elderly individuals, it represents not just physical discomfort, but a major shift in how they live their daily lives. However, at the Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital (ABUAD-MSH), an innovative approach to osteoarthritis care is offering hope and relief, creating a pathway for patients to experience life beyond their pain.

    Since its establishment, ABUAD-MSH has made a bold commitment to becoming a leader in healthcare delivery and medical research in Nigeria. Under the leadership of Dr. Akinola Akinmade, a highly respected orthopaedic surgeon and the hospital’s Deputy Medical Director, the hospital has rapidly gained a reputation for excellence in the management of complex conditions, including osteoarthritis. Dr. Akinmade’s dedication to improving patient outcomes is evident in the hospital’s pioneering efforts in research, advanced treatment options, and a holistic approach to patient care.

    The hospital recognises that osteoarthritis, while common, is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in regions where access to specialised healthcare is limited. Nigeria, like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, faces a high burden of osteoarthritis, with an aging population and insufficient resources to address the condition’s full scope. In the light of this, ABUAD-MSH has taken an active role in improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, with the goal of transforming how osteoarthritis is managed in Nigeria and beyond.

    Osteoarthritis is often diagnosed late in its progression, when significant damage to the joints has already occurred. Traditionally, doctors rely on X-rays to assess the condition, but these imaging methods are typically only effective once the cartilage has already been worn down. However, ABUAD-MSH’s research team, led by Dr. Akinmade, is developing a new and innovative way to detect osteoarthritis at its earliest stages—before irreversible joint damage occurs. The hospital’s research focuses on the use of biomarkers, specifically the serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), to detect osteoarthritis in its nascent stages. By measuring the levels of COMP in a patient’s blood, researchers have found that elevated levels are closely linked to the deterioration of cartilage. This breakthrough provides a potential early diagnostic tool for osteoarthritis, which could enable healthcare providers to detect the disease before it leads to permanent damage.

    For patients, this means the possibility of earlier intervention. By catching osteoarthritis in its early stages, treatment options can be more effective and less invasive, potentially delaying or preventing the need for joint replacement surgery. This research also opens the door to more personalised treatments that aim to preserve cartilage and manage the disease before it progresses to the point of severe pain and disability. The impact of such advancements cannot be overstated—it offers hope for a future where osteoarthritis can be managed with more precision and less disruption to patients’ lives.

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    At ABUAD-MSH, the approach to osteoarthritis care is not limited to one form of treatment. Instead, the hospital offers a comprehensive range of interventions designed to address the unique needs of each patient. For some, the first line of defence against osteoarthritis involves non-surgical treatments. These may include physical therapy, which is tailored to each patient’s condition and goals. ABUAD-MSH’s physiotherapists work closely with patients to design personalised exercise programmes that strengthen muscles around the joint, improve flexibility, and reduce pain. These programmes often include low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, that help maintain mobility without placing undue stress on the joints.

    In addition to physical therapy, the hospital’s orthopaedic team employs a variety of pharmacological treatments to alleviate symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed to help manage pain and reduce inflammation. For patients who require more targeted relief, intra-articular corticosteroid injections may be used to decrease inflammation directly within the joint. These treatments offer significant improvements in pain management, helping patients maintain daily activities and improve their quality of life. For those with more advanced osteoarthritis, ABUAD-MSH offers minimally invasive procedures such as arthroscopic surgery. This technique allows for the precise removal of damaged tissue and the smoothing of rough surfaces in the joint, leading to quicker recovery times and less trauma to surrounding tissue compared to traditional open surgery. This approach has been particularly beneficial for patients who are not yet ready for full joint replacement but require relief from chronic pain.

    However, for many patients with severe osteoarthritis, joint replacement surgery remains the most effective option. ABUAD-MSH’s expertise in joint replacement, particularly hip and knee surgeries, is widely recognised. The hospital uses the latest implant technology and surgical techniques to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients. Joint replacement surgery at ABUAD-MSH has allowed many patients to regain their mobility and independence, transforming their lives in profound ways.

    While physical treatments are essential, ABUAD-MSH recognises that osteoarthritis affects more than just the body—it impacts the mind and emotions as well. Chronic pain, limited mobility, and the loss of independence can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression. To address these challenges, the hospital provides comprehensive support services designed to nurture the whole patient. Counselling services are available for those who need emotional support as they navigate the physical and mental toll of osteoarthritis. These services help patients manage the psychological aspects of living with a chronic condition, offering strategies for coping with pain, maintaining a positive outlook, and preserving relationships. Nutritional counselling is also offered, helping patients manage their weight and improve joint health through dietary changes. A balanced diet, rich in anti-inflammatory foods, can play a crucial role in managing osteoarthritis symptoms and enhancing overall well-being.

    ABUAD-MSH’s commitment to excellence is not limited to its research and treatment programmes—it also extends to the hospital’s infrastructure and technology. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art imaging systems that allow for precise diagnosis and planning for treatment. In addition, ABUAD-MSH has integrated advanced surgical technologies, including robotic-assisted surgery, which enhances the precision of joint replacement procedures and shortens recovery times. Recognising that access to healthcare is a significant challenge for many Nigerians, ABUAD-MSH has also made efforts to ensure that high-quality care is accessible to all. The hospital has introduced subsidised treatment programmes for patients from lower socio-economic backgrounds, ensuring that osteoarthritis patients can receive the care they need, regardless of their financial situation.

    As ABUAD-MSH continues to lead the way in osteoarthritis care, the hospital remains focused on expanding its research and treatment options to further improve the lives of patients. The hospital’s ongoing research into osteoarthritis, including its work on biomarkers and drug development, promises to change the future of osteoarthritis management, not only in Nigeria but globally. Additionally, the hospital’s focus on training the next generation of healthcare professionals ensures that its commitment to excellence will continue for years to come.

    Through its ground-breaking research, innovative treatments, and holistic approach to patient care, ABUAD-MSH has proven that osteoarthritis is not a condition that has to define the future of its patients. With the right combination of early diagnosis, personalised treatment, and comprehensive support, individuals living with osteoarthritis can continue to live active, fulfilling lives. As the hospital continues to push the boundaries of medical knowledge and patient care, the future for osteoarthritis patients looks brighter than ever before.

  • Female formula, a 2025 hope for fertility and pregnancy

    Female formula, a 2025 hope for fertility and pregnancy

    Female Formula should always be at the beck and call of anyone who is treating female infertility challenges, whether primary or secondary.

    This product is one of the 30 plant medicines produced and marketed in Nigeria by Edible Herbs for a wide spectrum of health challenges.

     Edible herbs or female formula is a unique combination of herbs that not only balances hormones, treats infertility by stimulating ovarian functions but, also, takes care of menstrual problems.

     Its formulation include but is not limited to the following ingridients, one of the stars of which is Lady’s Mantle.

    This plant rings a bell whenever problems in the female reproductive system are to be addressed.

    Herbalists believe its shape in lobes and notches is a signature tune. By this, they mean the shape is a secret code for which organs in the body a herbal plant is created to maintain in good health and to cure when it is healed. Lady’s Mantle resembles the entire reproductive system of a woman, especially the uterus.

    What benefits can a woman’s reproductive system derive from her regular consumption of Lady’s mantle in diverse ways? 1.

     Lady’s Mantle strengthens muscles of the uterus.

    The muscles need to be strong for several reasons. If they are weak, Prolapse of The Uterus may occur. This means the entire uterine structure may collapse like a pack of cards or like the decking of a house constructed with inferior building materials.

    When this happens, parts of the uterus may extrude into the cervix and, from there, sometimes into the vagina.

    It can be embarrassing for a woman, to say the least,if she has to always use her fingers to push the extruded prolapsed uterus back into her body, especially during sexual intercourse.

    Weak uterine muscles may not support a baby growing in the uterus, because this amounts to additional load and pressure on them.

    Where the muscles of the cervix are weak, this may cause incompetent  cervix in which weak muscles of the cervix give way about mid-term in what becomes spontaneous or habitual abortion for some women.

    When this happens, the doctor may have to surgically hold muscles of the cervix together in what is called cervical cerclage or surgical suture.

    The cervix is the protective outer corridor of the uterus which connects it with the vagina.

    Older women, too,need to strengthen their uterine muscles to prevent prolapse of the uterus.

    They are prone to this, especially in menopausal years, when hormonal imbalances deprive them of enough estrogen, the star hormone of women to maintain their muscles, nerves and bone in youthful forms.

    For Lady’s Mantle also helps to balance the hormones. 2. Lady’s Mantle prevents and stops bleeding in the uterus and detoxifies it of those toxins which can cause systemic problems. Bleeding can make the uterus to become suboptimal.

    Deprive of oxygen and nutrients, the cells become weak and are unable to function optimally. In some cases, it causes an establish placenta, through which the foetus feeds, to rupture and to bleed, and this may be dangerous for the baby within.

    Through its tanin component, lady’s mantle may help to stop the bleeding. Lady’s mantle may be a super star gynaecology herb, but it is by no means a lone tree in a forest. Edible Herbs recognises this in the formulation of Female Formula which, therefore,comes with three other starry herbs for reproductive system health.

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    These other reproductive system starry herbs which women of all ages should not ignore are a. Fertility Tree, b. Red Clover and c. Wild Yam.

     I wish to play a prank with Fertility Tree because many women, especially readers of this column, have often had of it or probably take it as a supplement with good reasons, but can hardly recognise it by this name.

    The name fertility tree comes from the Greeks and the Romans. In Greek mythology, the tree is believed to be associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love and fertility.

     The Romans, on the other hand, associated it with Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. How would a regular user of Chaste Berry feel when I say that Fertility tree and Chaste Berry are the same plant medicine! That is Prank number one that some naturopaths may play. This herb does more than make a woman fertile and pregnancy prone. I am aware of a woman who would be reading this and recalling her days of fertility and pregnancy troubles which this herb, along with lady’s mantle and squaw veine, reversed with beautiful results.

    Her first pregnancy came with serious spotting which warranted complete bed rest for about two weeks.

    The next two or three pregnancies came down mid-term because of hormonal imbalances.

    By the time she tried again to get pregnant, I had come by the knowledge of these herbs during a meeting in the United States where an American pharmacologist reported that they stabilised his wife’s reproductive system after about three miscarriages in a row.

    I shared this experience with many women on my return home and received jubilant gratitude from them. What many women do not know and which I seldom tell them is that this Chaste Berry can be a double edged sword.

    For while it may balance the hormone estrogen against the hormone progesterone to stabilise their productive system, it may help to put a flaming Romeo in chains.

     That was why, in the Middle ages, Fertility Tree was also called chaste Berry by Europeans.

    The word Chaste is associated with Chastity, the human limit in the pursuit of Purity, which derives from Pure or Purity.

     Only the Almighty Creartor is Pure or Holy! As man cannot, therefore, be pure, the limit set for his specie in the striving for Purity is Chastity or Faithfulness. In the European monasteries of old, Chaste Berry was given to the monks as part of their diet to Clip or to Droop the wings of their Libido.

    What I am saying in effect is that, in men, chaste Berry can inactivate the habit of men running around with almost everything in skirt.

    Generous portions of red meat in the diet is believed to aggravate the sexual instinct of men. Chaste berry is believed to quieten the sexual instinct. I seldom mention this aspect on chaste berry because it may be counterproductive to a woman who steals it into the diet of her man just to keep him, bind him, hand and foot, to herself alone. What if he came to know what went wrong and the source? Has the market no more supplies of Long jack, refire, libido tonight, steel libido, robust roots, African Black Ant, Dman and the likes of them to get a cold fish man back into fiery form? If you still cannot guess the landing port we are heading for, here it is…. Vitex is what we have been talking about and calling Fertility Tree or Chaste berry!

    Almost every woman who has faced hormonal challenges knows about it.

     I  have heard that some naturopaths get it to some men who have testosterone problems and prostate gland challenge,  but I cannot vouch for its use and effects in this scenario.

     In 1990s, I often suggested that women combine Vitex with Phytoestrogen and Cardiotonic Pills from Tasly. The effects were often wondrous when they addf Milk  Thistle and Zinc. Phyto-Estrogen was a proprietary blend of plant estrogens. In the bodies of some women, their own human estrogen can be too harsh for their reproductive system.

    This problem can be worse when estrogen overpowers progesterone or the woman is estrogenated.

    She may suffer from mild to serious  pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS),bloating, swollen or sore breasts,food cravings, mood swings, irregular, scanty, excessive, painful menstruation or absence of it. Uterine muscles may ache, become inflamed, suffused with arachidonic acid, and uterine fibroids may develop. Some women suffer from single or polycystic ovarian syndrome in one ovary or both. To add to such discomforts, some women are driven to vomit and experience peace only after they have vomitted a greenish, bitter substance. Some of them ask me what all of these mean.

    This subject offers an opportunity for an explanation.The greenish, bitter substance is likely to be bile, a digestive salt produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder for the digestion of fats and other purposes. When estrogen and other hormones run riot during menstruation, hormone-like substances called prostaglandins produced in the uterus stimulate cramping or spasms of soft muscles in the body, upsetting the digestive system, causing nausea and voitting. In Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), this is seen as a Rebellion of the Life Force, which is meant to eliminate unwanted forms downwards but instead prefers an upward spiral.

    This is often associated with a Stagnant Liver. Thus, while anti-spasmodic herbs such as Blue Vervain and Basil  Ocinum may be used to quieten the spasms, and the liver may profit from Milk Thistle protection, detoxification of the liver is imperative.

     Estrogen Sister That is what I call Estriol, Estrione and Estradiol. Scientifically, they are Estrogen fractions or splittings.

     They are the three major “sisters” or components of human estrogen. Estriol is the weakest followed in terms of harshness or potency by Estrione and Estradiol. Estrione is often used in Hormone Replacement Therapy ( HRT) for post-menopausal women with all the possibilities of a cancer aftermath. estradiol finds use in some contraceptives. Women react differently to them. What may hurt one woman may not injure another.

     Plant medicine care givers recommend plant estrogens or phytoestrogen when a woman has problems with her own body’s estrogen.

    This is because plant estrogens are weaker and tolerated more by the body.

    For example, human estrogens may be 100 to 1000 times harsher than plant estrogens. Isoflavones, a common plant estrogen from Soyabean, is about 10 to 20 times less harsh or potent than human Estrogen.

    To enjoy plant estrogen, a number of steps should be taken (a)The body, especially the liver and the kidneys, should be detoxified .

    (b)Bitter things should be eaten to stimulate the liver, the body chief detoxifying organ c.

    (c) Stuff like milk and poultry egg should be eliminated in the diet.

    Milk comes with estrogens in cow feed to stimulate their breasts to make milk almost every day.

    Egg is laden with estrogen in poultry feed to stimulate hens to lay egg almost everyday.

    The estrogen residues increased the estrogen load in a woman’s body and does the same for a man. d.

    (d) Food should not be wrapped with cellophane, as is the current practice in Nigeria with the rapping of eba, fufu and amala, among others.

    The cellophane is a soft plastic which leaches xeno estrogens,petrol residue-derived estrogens, into the food.

     Sun-heated”pure water” sachechets and sun-heated bottled water also introduce xeno estrogens into their contents. (e) When the liver breaks down excess human estrogens, the diet should be fiber-rich to move the fragments out of the body through the stool , otherwise they may be re-absorbed in the colon to worsen the estrogen loads.

    Consumption of phyto estrogen should be a daily feature of the diet of young and older women. In pre and post menopause, the ovaries reduced their estrogen production.

     Estrogen makes a woman’s body a woman’s body. With estrogen depletion in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal years, the female body begins to give way in all sorts of ways. The hair easily breaks and falls, vision dims, hearing loss may occur, teeth and gums exhibit problems, the breasts are a shadow of their old selves, the great twinggy and curvy structure disappears and the bones become porous, weak and may easily break, sometimes making hip replacement a necessity. This is why it pays off to give the body phytoestrogen support.

    Resort to chemical HRT sometimes ends disastrously. To Lady’s mantle and Vitex, therefore, may be added the proprietary formula Phytoestrogen from Tasly and Zinc, the fertility mineral. Red Clover Here comes the third of four components of Female Formula.

    It is many sided in its health-promoting activities. It is supportive of the immune system.

    Its chemical substances are reported to lower blood cholesterol levels,thereby reducing blood pressure and improving cardio vascular health. Bone density may receive support from Red clover. Thus, osteoporosis may be kept at bay and the risk of fractures eliminated.

    The herb is also anti- inflammatory and bears anti-oxidation potentials. It synergies with Lady’Mantle and Vitex in uterine health protection and advancement.

    It may help to bar the way for uterine fibroids, endometriosis and other uterine related questions. In terms of fertility, Red clover may be counted upon in the improvement of egg quality and the regulation of ovulation and other reproductive processes.

     For menopausal women, a good news is that Isoflavones of Red clover have been noted to help reduce and stamp out night sweets, Hot flashes and mood swings. Wild Yam. You must wonder why This yam specie is called Wild Yam. It belongs to the botanical family of the Edible yam tuber you can boil, roast, fry or pound, but it is inedible because it is Toxic when it is eaten raw. Nevertheless,it has been used as a plant medicine in North America for hundred of years because of its healing properties.It’s active medicinal ingridient is Diogenin.

    It was thought that Diogenin could be converted to progesterone

     That was why it’s featured in creams used as in HRT or to ease menstrual cramps.

     However, it is now well confirmed that, while a conversion is possible in the laboratory, the body is unable to transform diogenine into progesterone to balance out Estrogen.

     Nevertheless, Wild Yam continues to feature in female reproductive health therapies because it is found to moderate Estrogen activities and to quell inflamation, mood swings and other symptoms associated with derailment of the system.

    In the 1990s, it was popular for breast development and featured especially in a product called Great Curves sold in Nigeria by nature’s way, second largest nutraceutical company in the United States after GNC.

     The conclusion of modern research of this herb, therefore, is that there may be other components of Wild Yam that are doing the job but are yet unknown to researchers or that the exact modality of the way the herb works is still elusive. The North America Indians who have used it for hundreds of years, under the direction of Nature beings, cannot be foolish but wise in their intuitive sensing and cognition.

    Cardio Tonic: Pill I would like to conclude that cardiotonic pills be included in female reproductive health therapies. It is now reformulated and called ICP Danshen Pill to pack in more healing force from Danshen, a popular and powerful Asian herb. In the early 2000s ,it was the rave in Nigeria for blood circulation problems, especially blood clots and strokes, Nowadays, and as at then, many women experience heavy blood clots in their menstruation, a sign of sluggish blood movement and detention or retention and backup menstruation in the uterus.

    This stagnation is a possible progenitor of uterine fibroids and, perhaps, endometriosis. At that time, Cayenne Pepper, Apple Cider Vinegar and their likes, including Ferumphos in the stable of Biochemic or tissue or cell salts, helped to break the de-oxyenated menstrual clots and promote rich circulation. Cardiotonic Pills was a wonder on its own.

    In an experiment, the hand of a volunteer was frozen in a freezer. It looked lifeless, seemingly with no blood in it.

    Then, the volunteer was given Cardiotonic pills by mouth. In under five minutes, the frozen, immobile hand came alive with restoration of blood circulation. What was the magic?

     There was one percent Camphor in the formulation. It uprooted the frozen blood, warmed it and reversed the dying hand.

     That was to prove that blood clots which could cause heart attacks and stroke could be taken out.

    It offers hope for uterine fibroid resolution as well, in my view. A popular current therapy now is Camphorated Castor Oil massage on the external skin of a fibriod challenged woman re-forced with a heating pad or hot water bottle in the absence of the former.

    This conversation will continue another day. Meanwhile, it is my pleasure, Ladies and gentlemen, to welcome Female  Formula from Edible Herbs to the community of female reproductive health seekers to which by right also belong menopausal and post menopausal women.

  • Nurses, health workers threaten strike action over colleague’s abduction in Katsina

    Nurses, health workers threaten strike action over colleague’s abduction in Katsina

    The Katsina State branch of the National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNYM) has announced plans to down tools in response to escalating banditry and the ongoing captivity of their colleague, Yusuf Mohammed Mairuwa, who has been held for ransom.

    Speaking at the association’s secretariat in Katsina on Thursday, Chairman Nura Muazu expressed concern over the safety of healthcare workers in the state, stating that the government can no longer guarantee their protection or security.

    He said: ”One of the most hardworking, skilled and vast experienced professionals in Katsina state health sector, Mr Mairuwa was patriotic on duty in General Hospital Kankara on Tuesday 15th January, 2025, saving lives, caring,

    for the sick and providing excellent leadership ”

    ”His whereabouts and condition hitherto remains unknown”

    ”Mairuwa is a family man, with wife and children whose means of livelihood, peace of mind and future were abruptly truncated. 

    ”He fail victim while in line of duty, and this has aggravated the fear in every health worker serving in the frontline and vulnerable areas as it has proven beyond any reasonable doubt that no healthcare worker is safe despite our immeasurable sacrifices to the society and humanity. 

    ”The situation has equally scratched the wound that we all have from related cases such as the killing of our late colleague Mr Murtala Isah Safana who was working then with the General Hospital Dutsin-ma)and was killed by Gunmen in 2022”

    ”Comrades, you could recalled that we wrote formerly to the Katsina State Government through the Hospital Management Board and copied all the relevant offices of the Government on the 15 of January, 2025 and highlighted the need to provide security in the hospital facilities across the frontline and vulnerable axis of this state”

     ”We also  gave the Government 2 weeks to do that or risk withdrawal of our members from the hospitals in Batsari, Danmusa, Kankara, Jibia, Dutsin-ma,Musawa, Malumfashi, Funtua, and even Batagarawa (GARSH). Of course, the state government has promised since then to do that within 3-Days in the frontline areas and within 7-Days in the vulnerable areas”

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    ”Unfortunately, even as the 2-weeks period is elapsing tomorrow no significant commitment is seen from the Government practically, and with the obvious implications on our members”

    ”We want the General Public to know that we are left with No Other Option as the troubling situation is not showing any sign of improvement.”

    ”We have been calling for provision of security in the hospitals for years.”

    ”We are therefore withdrawing our members from the aforementioned facilities effective from Thursday 30″ January, 2025 by 12.midnight.”

  • Seven ways to protect your mental health from social media onlsuaght

    Seven ways to protect your mental health from social media onlsuaght

    Protecting your mental health from the harmful effects of social media is important. Constant use can lead to problems like anxiety, depression, and body image issues.

    Here are seven seven ways to protect your mental health from social media onslaught

    1.      Follow accounts that make you feel good

    If someone’s posts are affecting your mental health but you don’t want to unfollow them, try muting their account. This way, you stay connected, but their posts won’t show up in your feed.

    2.      Invest in offline relationship

    Spending time with friends and family in person or through meaningful phone calls is important for your mental health. Real-life connections help keep you balanced and support your well-being.

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    3.      Mindful scrolling

    Before grabbing your phone, take a moment to decide what you want to do. Are you checking the time of an event? Reading a message? Setting a clear goal can help you avoid wasting time mindlessly scrolling.

    4.      Avoid toxic comparison

    Take time to recognize your own strengths and accomplishments instead of comparing yourself to others. Remember, everyone’s path is unique, and what you see on social media is often not the full story.

    5.      Challenge unrealistic beauty standards

    Remind yourself that many photos on social media are heavily edited. Focus on what makes you          feel good about your body and appearance.

    6.      Engage in Content that promotes mental health

    Follow accounts dedicated to mental health advocacy, body positivity, and self-love. This can help shift your perspective toward healthier mindsets.

    7.      Take a break

    Take a weekend or longer to fully disconnect from social media. This can help you break the cycle of constant comparison and recalibrate your sense of self.

  • Unsafe abortions fuel maternal deaths in Nigeria, says LIFE

    Unsafe abortions fuel maternal deaths in Nigeria, says LIFE

    Nigeria’s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in the world, with many deaths preventable through improved access to healthcare and reproductive health services.

    According to a research commissioned by Leadership Initiative for Youth Empowerment (LIFE), unsafe abortion practices contribute significantly to the country’s alarming maternal mortality rate.

    The report highlights that unsafe abortions, fueled by restrictive laws, social stigma, and limited access to safe reproductive health services, account for nearly 40% of maternal deaths in Nigeria. 

    Each year, an estimated 610,000 unsafe abortions are performed in the country, leaving thousands of women at risk of life-threatening complications, including severe bleeding, infections, and organ damage.

    In 2012 alone, approximately 9.22 million women in Nigeria became pregnant, with 14% of these pregnancies ending in induced abortion. 

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    However, only 212,000 women received treatment for abortion-related complications, leaving over 285,000 women without adequate care.

     The problem is especially dire among adolescents aged 15 to 24 who make up a significant portion of abortion seekers. 

    In Lagos State, for instance, unsafe abortions are particularly prevalent, with studies showing that 53.2% of women admitted for abortion complications were aged 16 to 25.

    The situation is exacerbated in urban districts such as Oshodi-Isolo and Mushin, where socio-economic disparities and insufficient healthcare infrastructure heighten the risks of maternal mortality 

    Women in these areas often face limited access to antenatal care and safe reproductive health services, forcing many to turn to unsafe and clandestine abortion practices.

    The consequences of unsafe abortions are far-reaching. Physically, they can lead to severe complications such as hemorrhages, infections, and chronic pelvic pain. 

    Survivors often face long-term health challenges, including infertility and increased vulnerability to high-risk pregnancies. 

    Psychologically, many women grapple with trauma, anxiety, and societal stigma, further complicating their recovery.

    The research further revealed that nearly 37% of women surveyed had undergone an abortion, with a significant number performed under unsafe conditions. 

    Financial constraints, partner rejection, fear of social stigma, restrictive abortion laws, and healthcare providers’ conscientious objections were also  identified as the primary drivers.

    To address maternal mortality and reduce unsafe abortion rates, LIFE has called for urgent, multi-faceted efforts to combat maternal mortality and reduce unsafe abortion rates in Nigeria. 

    LIFE emphasized the need to expand access to family planning services, including sexual health education, to help prevent unintended pregnancies, which are a significant driver of unsafe abortions. 

    Strengthening healthcare systems, particularly in rural areas, is also critical. LIFE advocates for improved availability of family planning services, post-abortion care, and enhanced healthcare infrastructure to ensure that women have access to quality reproductive healthcare.

    LIFE also highlights the importance of legal reforms to ease access to reproductive health services, which currently push many women toward unsafe practices. 

    LIFE also underscores the need for widespread community awareness campaigns to educate the public on reproductive health and dispel stigma. 

    By fostering collaborations with NGOs, LIFE believes more training, funding , and awareness can significantly improve reproductive health programs and save countless lives across the country.

    LIFE emphasizes that addressing maternal deaths caused by unsafe abortions requires urgent action from policymakers, healthcare providers, and community stakeholders. 

    “We can not ignore the lives being lost due to preventable causes,” 

    However, we can invest in education, healthcare infrastructure, and legal reform to create a safer future for Nigerian women and girls.

    With concerted efforts and collaboration, LIFE hopes to see significant progress in reducing maternal mortality and improving reproductive health outcomes for vulnerable communities across Nigeria.

  • Couples trying to conceive should have regular intercourse – Fertility expert

    Couples trying to conceive should have regular intercourse – Fertility expert

    …says smoking, drug abuse, STDs makes conception difficult

    The Medical Director of Nordica Fertility Centre, Dr. Abayomi Ajayi, has advised couples trying to conceive to engage in intercourse two to three times a week to boost their chances of achieving pregnancy by the end of 2025.

    Ajayi made this recommendation during a recent virtual media parley in Lagos, where he spoke on the topic, “A Guide to Having Your Own Baby in 2025.”

    Citing the World Health Organisation’s guidelines, he stated that adequate sexual activity is defined as two to three times per week, making it the ideal frequency for couples hoping to conceive.

    He further highlighted that conception could be challenging for couples who do not live together, emphasizing the importance of consistent intimacy.

    According to Ajayi, maintaining regular intercourse could result in a 75 to 85 percent chance of conception within a year. 

    However, he acknowledged that some couples may require additional medical support to improve their fertility prospects.

    “For women, understanding their menstrual cycle is crucial. Knowing the best times to have sex is essential. If a couple engages in intercourse two to three times a week, they likely don’t have a fertility problem. However, couples who don’t live together face challenges, particularly with the distractions of modern life,” Ajayi explained.

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    Ajayi highlighted the growing concern in the UK, where young couples experience difficulties with sexual intimacy despite living together. He noted that distractions, such as smartphones, often t0ake priority over intimacy, a trend he hopes will not become widespread in Nigeria.

    “In Nigeria, the primary challenge is the physical separation of couples due to work and travel commitments. It’s crucial to understand the menstrual cycle, knowing when to try for a baby and when to wait,” he added.

    Ajayi further advised that tracking ovulation could enhance conception chances. 

    “Start tracking your cycle from the 9th day, counting from the first day of your period. Begin testing to determine your ovulation period and plan intercourse accordingly. Having sex every other day from day nine is a commonly recommended strategy.”

    He also emphasized the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, warning that holiday indulgences could lead to weight gain, which negatively impacts fertility in both men and women.

    Ajayi addressed the impact of long-distance relationships on fertility, arguing that reduced sexual frequency due to physical separation contributes to declining fertility rates in Nigeria. 

    He also linked the phenomenon of “Japa” (emigration) to declining sexual activity and an increase in polygamy, as some men abroad, feeling financially empowered, take on additional wives.

    “When one partner migrates abroad, the physical distance and logistical challenges often lead to decreased sexual activity, reducing conception chances. A case in point is a man who has lived abroad for two years; if his wife becomes pregnant while he is away, questions arise. This applies in reverse as well,” he explained.

    Ajayi observed that some individuals, particularly older men, use their financial gains from living abroad to take on younger wives, contributing to changing demographic patterns and fertility dynamics. 

    “It’s not uncommon to see a 60-year-old man marrying a 32-year-old woman, believing they have gained wealth by converting foreign currency to Naira.”

    He concluded by noting that those wishing to become parents include individuals who already understand their need for assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF, while others are just starting to explore the process.

    “Studies indicate that 75 to 85 percent of those trying to conceive have no medical issues but need guidance on key factors that influence fertility.”

    There are 12 million babies gotten through IVF worldwide and the success rate is determined by the clinic and the individuals involved. 

    He took a swipe at intending couples especially women who take to drug and those with multiple partners are at risk of not having babies as they wished.

    He said that preparation is key to achieving successful IVF outcomes, Dr. Ajayi stated. 

    He advised prospective parents to prioritize preconception care, such as taking prenatal vitamins, preparing the uterus for implantation, and making necessary lifestyle changes. 

    “Smoking, unhealthy diets, and lack of preparation can reduce the chances of success. Patients should view IVF as both a therapeutic and diagnostic tool,” he added.

    Many women harbour concerns about the health of babies conceived through IVF. Dr. Ajayi reassured them that advancements in technology and rigorous screening processes have significantly reduced risks. 

    “With proper preconception care and adherence to medical advice, IVF babies can be just as healthy as those conceived naturally.”

  • Why Africa must join Nigeria to stamp out skin bleaching, by Health Minister

    Why Africa must join Nigeria to stamp out skin bleaching, by Health Minister

    Nigeria’s Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare, Dr. Iziaq Adekunle Salako, has issued a clarion call for African nations to collaborate in tackling the widespread use of harmful skin-lightening products (SLPs) across the continent.

    Salako emphasized the need for other African nations to adopt policies put in place by Nigeria to stamp out the menace and enforce global agreements like the Minamata Convention, which seeks to reduce mercury usage worldwide. 

    The Minister noted that the initiative becomes imperative considering the health implications of skin bleaching.

    Nigeria has the world’s highest prevalence of skin-lightening product use, with 77% of Nigerian women reportedly using such products.

    Salako also advocated for the establishment of World Skin Health Day by the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise global awareness about the dangers of harmful skin practices like bleaching.

    Acknowledging the issue’s complexity, Salako emphasized the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, psychologists, environmental scientists, and community health specialists.

    Speaking at the Regional Awareness-Raising Workshop on Eliminating Lightening Cosmetic Products Containing Mercury and Other Hazardous Substances in Libreville, Gabon, Salako highlighted the grave health risks and societal pressures driving the alarming trend. 

    He described skin bleaching as a public health crisis requiring urgent intervention, citing WHO data that identifies Nigeria as having the world’s highest prevalence of skin-lightening product use, with 77% of Nigerian women reportedly using such products.

    According to him, this alarming statistic underscores deeply rooted societal perceptions that link lighter skin with beauty, success, and social mobility.

    While women are predominantly affected, Salako pointed out that men also contribute to the problem, either as users or by pressuring women to conform to lighter skin norms. 

    To combat this issue, he told the gathering that Nigeria has implemented a range of proactive measures to reduce the prevalence of harmful skin-lightening practices.

    He said central to these efforts is the Cosmetic Products (Prohibition of Bleaching Agents) Regulations 2019, which ban the use of dangerous bleaching agents like mercury and limit hydroquinone concentrations to 2%.

    The government, through the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), ensures that all cosmetic products are tested and certified for safety.

    Enforcement mechanisms include routine inspections, market surveillance, and the destruction of unregistered and counterfeit products. 

    Furthermore, he said the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has also launched the Cosmetics Safety Management Programme (CSMP) to educate the public about the dangers of unsafe cosmetics.

    He said this program employs public sensitization campaigns, grassroots advocacy, and collaborations with influencers to challenge societal perceptions of beauty and promote self-acceptance.

    Salako also noted the role of innovative tools like the MedSafety app, which allows users to report adverse reactions to cosmetic products, further enhancing consumer safety. 

    In addition to these measures, the Minister revealed that Nigeria is developing a National Policy on Cosmetics to provide a comprehensive framework for ensuring product safety and quality.

    The policy aligns with international standards and aims to strengthen regulatory oversight, positioning Nigeria as a leader in the fight against harmful cosmetic practices, he added.

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    He, however, advocated for a cultural shift, urging African governments to revive movements like “Black is Beautiful” to counteract Eurocentric beauty standards and foster pride in Afrocentric aesthetics. 

    Salako proposed that the WHO establish a World Skin Health Day to raise global awareness about the dangers of harmful skin practices like bleaching.

    He stressed that this problem extends beyond health, touching on cultural identity and societal values. 

    Despite challenges such as smuggling, online sales, and limited enforcement, Salako expressed optimism about Nigeria’s progress in addressing the root causes of skin bleaching.

    Reaffirming Nigeria’s commitment to protecting public health through safe cosmetic practices and promoting behavioural change, Salako said, “Africa must take the lead in advocating for safer practices and dismantling harmful beauty standards.

    “Fairer is not better, and we must collectively ensure that our people embrace and celebrate the beauty of diverse skin tones.”  

  • Implications of U.S. exit from WHO, by stakeholders

    Implications of U.S. exit from WHO, by stakeholders

    The United States’ withdrawal from the World Health Organisation (WHO) could have far-reaching implications for Nigeria’s health sector and global health security, experts warn. With the U.S. now set to disengage from the WHO, Nigeria stands to face potential setbacks in its healthcare initiatives, as the U.S. has been a key player in global health funding and policy shaping. The withdrawal could affect international health collaborations, disease control efforts, and access to critical resources and support.

    This is the second time the U.S. has initiated the process of leaving the WHO under President Donald Trump, who had criticised the organisation’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although President Joe Biden reversed the decision during his tenure, the new executive order signals ongoing uncertainty that may disrupt global health efforts, with countries like Nigeria potentially bearing the brunt of these changes.

    Dr Daniel Adakole, a public health expert, described the decision as a major setback for global health efforts, particularly for low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. “The WHO is one of the largest facilitators of health programmes in Nigeria, from polio eradication to disease surveillance systems. The US withdrawal means reduced funding, which could destabilise critical interventions, especially in rural and underserved areas,” Adakole said.

    Nigeria has been a major beneficiary of WHO-supported programmes, including its fight against polio, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Dr Mercy Takpa, a peadiatrician, highlighted how U.S. funding had bolstered immunisation programmes. “The WHO, with U.S. support, played a pivotal role in helping Nigeria to eradicate wild polio in 2020. A reduction in funding might slow down ongoing efforts to maintain polio-free certification, address vaccine-preventable diseases, and achieve universal health coverage,” Takpa said.

    According to her, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), heavily supported by U.S. contributions to WHO, is already facing funding uncertainties. “This could lead to a resurgence of diseases that we have worked hard to control,” she said.

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    Dr Mojisola Akanji, a virologist, said that the decision came at a time when global health systems were still grappling with the aftermath of COVID-19. “Without the US, WHO’s ability to coordinate international pandemic preparedness will be diminished. For Nigeria, this means delayed access to critical resources like vaccines, technical expertise, and early warning systems for emerging diseases,” Akanji said.

    Stakeholders in maternal and child health have also expressed concern. Mrs Lydia Dimka, a retired nurse, and an advocate for maternal health, said that WHO’s programmes addressing maternal mortality and child immunisation were vital for Nigeria. “Every year, WHO supports initiatives that save thousands of lives. If funding is cut, maternal and child health indicators will worsen, especially in the North-East and North-West, where health access is already limited,” Dimka said.

    Mr Danladi Kutara, an economist, called on African nations to strengthen regional health initiatives to mitigate the potential fallout. Kutara urged Nigeria and the African Union to seek alternative funding sources. “This is a wake-up call for African nations to take greater ownership of health programmes. While the  WHO remains a key partner, we must work towards reducing dependence on foreign contributions,” he said.

    Meanwhile, WHO expressed regret over the decision by the US to withdraw, highlighting the crucial role WHO plays in global health,  including protecting Americans by addressing diseases and responding to health emergencies. The organisation said that as a founding member since 1948, the US had significantly contributed to and benefited from WHO efforts, such as eradicating smallpox and nearly eradicating polio. It expressed its commitment to ongoing reforms to enhance accountability and impact, urging the US to reconsider and maintain the partnership for the health and well-being of people worldwide.

  • Fed Govt, Canadian organisation sign MoU to train Nigerian nurses

    Fed Govt, Canadian organisation sign MoU to train Nigerian nurses

    The Federal Government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO), Canada, to train Nigerian nurses on the best practice guidelines of the profession. Tagged “Best Practice Spotlight Organisation (BPSO)”, the “training the trainers” programme is aimed at providing a structured pathway to adopt and implement best practice guidelines.

    At the launch of the programme in Abuja, the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Ms Daju Kachollom, said that with the training, nurses would be equipped to deliver evidence-based, culturally sensitive and patient-centred care. Kachollom who was represented by the Director, Food and Drug Services, Mrs Olubunmi Aribeana, said that the approach would undoubtedly contribute to the realisation of the minister’s four-point health agenda and global sustainable goals.

    “Nigeria is the first country in Africa to identify with RNAO, becoming the first BPSO designated host. This, for us, is remarkable as we recognise the place of nurses to achieve the mandate of the Nigeria healthcare system. As the ministry emphasises on improving the population health outcomes and unlocking healthcare value chains, the Nigerian BPSO initiative is a step forward in fostering a healthcare system that prioritises the highest standards of care,” Kachollom said.

    She added that the training was a critical component of the ministry’s ongoing efforts to enhance the skills and expertise of nurses and other healthcare workers, equipping them with the tools needed to meet the evolving challenges in healthcare delivery. The permanent secretary also said that as a host, the ministry would be responsible for training, mentoring, and overseeing the nursing services delivery of the Federal Tertiary Health Institutions (FTHIs). It would also support them in the implementation of RNAO’s Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs).

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    The Director, Hospital services, Dr Jimoh Salaudeen, said that the partnership underscores the growing importance of global collaboration and knowledge exchange in improving healthcare systems. Salaudeen was represented by Dr Okpikpi Okpako, the Director, Regulatory Bodies and Professional Schools Division. According to him, by adopting best practices, not only would healthcare services be enhanced, healthcare professionals would be empowered with the knowledge and skills necessary to uphold international standards.

    “Undoubtedly, this will definitely reduce medical tourism as well as stem the threat of healthcare professionals’ migration. Furthermore, this collaboration provides an invaluable opportunity for exchange of knowledge as both countries will certainly learn some cultural properties to caregiving. Through this exchange, our nurses will foster a deeper understanding of evidence-based practices that will benefit the patients and communities they serve,” Salaudeen said.

    Earlier, the Chief Executive Officer, RNAO, Dr Doris Grinspun, said that the partnership would improve health outcomes in Nigeria at the individual, organisational and health system levels. She said that the RNAO team would guide and monitor the implementation of four best practice guidelines such as transitions in care and services, person and family-centred care, diabetic food asset and pressure injury management. “These evidence-based guidelines will provide recommendations to nurses and to the inter-professional teams, educators, leaders, and also policymakers,” she said. The four-day training programme will involve teams from 15 selected FTHIs across the six geopolitical zones of the country, including a district hospital in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).