Tag: cbn

  • UPDATED: CBN bans foreign currency collateral for naira loans

    UPDATED: CBN bans foreign currency collateral for naira loans

    The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has prohibited the use of foreign currency (FCY) as collateral for Naira loans. 

    This directive contained in a circular by Dr. Acting Director of the Banking Supervision Department, Adetona S. Adedeji, represents a significant shift in the CBN’s approach to loan collateralization.

    According to the new regulation, banks can no longer accept deposits denominated in foreign currencies like USD, EUR, or GBP as security for loans issued in Naira. 

    This ban extends to most foreign currency-based financial instruments, excluding those specifically permitted by the CBN.

    The CBN has outlined two specific exceptions to this new regulation: Nigerian government-issued Eurobonds can still be used as collateral for Naira loans. 

    Guarantees provided by reputable foreign banks, including Standby Letters of Credit, will remain acceptable forms of collateral.

    The directive provided a timeframe for banks to address existing loans secured by non-compliant collateral-foreign currency deposits other than Eurobonds or foreign bank guarantees.

    The circular reads: “The Central Bank of Nigeria has observed the prevailing situation where bank Customers use Foreign Currency (FCY) as collateral for Naira loans.

    “Consequently, the current practice of using foreign currency-denominated collaterals for Naira loans is hereby prohibited, except, where the foreign currency collateral is: Eurobonds issued by the Federal Government of Nigeria; or Guarantees of foreign banks, including Standby Letters of Credit.

    “In this regard, all loans currently secured with dollar-denominated collaterals other than as mentioned above should be wound down within 90 days”.

    Read Also: JUST IN: CBN sells $10,000 to BDC operators at N1,101/$

    The CBN in the circular also outlined potential consequences for banks that fail to comply with this new directive.

    “Failing which such exposures shall be risk-weighted 150 percent for Capital Adequacy Ratio computation, in addition to other regulatory sanctions,” the apex bank warned. 

    This effectively increases the capital reserves that banks must hold against these loans, making them less profitable. 

    The CBN did not specify the nature of these additional sanctions but they could potentially include fines or other penalties.

  • BREAKING: CBN discontinues foreign currencies as collateral for naira loans

    BREAKING: CBN discontinues foreign currencies as collateral for naira loans

    The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has ordered banks to stop the use of foreign currency as collateral for naira loans.

    This was announced in a circular posted on CBN’s website on Monday.

    Read Also: JUST IN: CBN sells $10,000 to BDC operators at N1,101/$

    The CBN said it had observed the use of foreign currencies by bank customers as collateral for naira loans and prohibits it with immediate effect.

    Details shortly…

  • UPDATED: CBN maintains dollar sales to BDCs at N1,101/$1

    UPDATED: CBN maintains dollar sales to BDCs at N1,101/$1

    In a move aimed at maintaining stability in the foreign exchange (FX) market, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) announced the continuation of its dollar sales to Bureaux De Change (BDCs) operators.

    This marks the third consecutive month of such interventions by the CBN.

    The CBN, in a letter to the President of the Association of Bureau De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON), outlined the details of the latest intervention.

    The apex bank will sell to each of the 1,588 participating BDC $10,000 at a fixed rate of N1101 per US dollar.

    BDCs are authorised to sell these dollars to eligible end-users at a spread capped at 1.5 percent above the purchase price from the CBN (approximately N1,116.15 per dollar). This limits the potential profit BDCs can make on each transaction.

    The CBN also instructed all eligible BDCs to commence immediate payment of the Naira equivalent for their dollar allocation.

    Specific CBN Naira Deposit Account Numbers were provided in the letter for BDCs to facilitate these payments.

    Following payment, BDCs are required to submit confirmation of payment along with any necessary documentation to their designated CBN branch to receive their dollar allocation.

    The CBN has emphasised the importance of BDCs adhering to all previously established rules and regulations outlined in prior CBN communications.

    This underscores the CBN’s commitment to ensuring transparency and responsible conduct within the FX market.

    An official of the CBN confirmed to The Nation: “The continued dollar sales to BDCs aims to address potential FX shortages at the retail level, particularly for low-value transactions. This intervention strategy will help stabilize the exchange rate and improve access to FX for individuals and small businesses”.

    The fixed exchange rate and limited spread outlined by the CBN offer some predictability for BDCs.

    Read Also: Expert seek peaceful resolution over CBN retained earnings controversy

    The decision to maintain dollar sales to BDCs suggests a continued focus on managing FX market volatility.

    The official stated: “The CBN will closely monitor the impact of these interventions and adjust its strategy as needed to achieve the objectives of price stability and improved FX accessibility.”

    The success of this intervention hinges on efficient distribution of allocated dollars to reach legitimate end-users and curb black market activity.

    However, the capped profit margin might reduce BDCs’ overall income.

    Some analysts have raised concerns about the potential for artificial currency manipulation and the sustainability of these interventions in the long term.

    Dr Wahab Balogun Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Ambosit Capital Managers told The Nation: “Setting a fixed rate for dollar sales to BDCs can be seen as artificial manipulation if it doesn’t reflect underlying market forces of supply and demand.

    “This could distort the true value of the Naira. By supplying dollars at a set rate, the CBN might be hindering the natural process of market discovery, where the exchange rate is determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers”.

    He added the “continued dollar sales by the CBN could deplete its foreign exchange reserves. These reserves are crucial for maintaining import capacity and defending the Naira in times of economic stress”.

    Balogun warned that “if BDCs and end-users come to expect consistent dollar injections from the CBN, it might discourage responsible behavior. Businesses that rely heavily on imported goods might not prioritize becoming more efficient or exploring domestic alternatives.

    In the alternative, he is proposing the CBN “allows for a more flexible exchange rate determined by market forces could incentivize efficiency and discourage speculation. Addressing underlying issues that contribute to FX demand, such as dependence on imported goods and high domestic inflation, could be a more sustainable long-term solution.

    According to Balogun: “The CBN’s approach to the FX market is a complex issue with no easy solutions. The coming months will be crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions and their long-term impact on the Nigerian economy”.

  • UPDATED: CBN approves daily sales of $10,000 to 1,588 BDC operators

    UPDATED: CBN approves daily sales of $10,000 to 1,588 BDC operators

    The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has approved daily sales of 10,000 dollars to 1,588 eligible Bureau De Change operators at the rate of N1,101 to the dollar.

    The Director, Trade and Exchange Department of the CBN, W.J Kanya said this in a letter addressed to the President, Association of Bureau De Change Operators (ABCON) on Monday in Abuja.

    According to the letter, the BDC operators are expected to sell the dollars to eligible end users at a spread of not more than 1.5 per cent above the purchase price.

    It directed all eligible BDCs to effect payment of the Naira deposit at CBN Naira deposit account from Monday.

    “All BDCs are strongly advised to continue to abide by the rules and conditions as stipulated in our earlier circulars,’’ it said.

    Read Also: JUST IN: CBN sells $10,000 to BDC operators at N1,101/$

    The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the ABCON President, Aminu Gwadabe had over the weekend, appealed to the apex bank to lower its applicable exchange rate below the N1, 251 to the dollar it had pegged for BDCs.

    Gwadabe complained that N1, 251 to the dollar had become too expensive for the BDCs.

    His complaint came on the heels of development in the foreign exchange market where the parallel market rate of N1,235 to the dollar became lower than the official rate of N1,252 to the dollar.

    He said that the BDCs were recording losses.

    (NAN) 

  • JUST IN: CBN sells $10,000 to BDC operators at N1,101/$

    JUST IN: CBN sells $10,000 to BDC operators at N1,101/$

    The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has announced it will once again sell dollars to bureau de change operators.

    This was disclosed in a circular seen on its website by The Nation.

    Read Also: Expert seek peaceful resolution over CBN retained earnings controversy

    The CBN said it is set to sell $10,000 to each BDCs at N1101/$ and directed the operators to sell at a spread not more than 1.5 per cent above the CBN rate.

    Details shortly…

  • Expert seek peaceful resolution over CBN retained earnings controversy

    Expert seek peaceful resolution over CBN retained earnings controversy

    Even as the controversy stoked by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)’s announcement disallowing the deposit money banks from declaring their retained earnings as part of their assets is yet to abate, an analyst has argued that the apex bank must seek a peaceful resolution of the matter. 

    Speaking in an interview with our correspondent, Peter Sunday Adebola, the Managing Director Edgefield Capital Management Limited, an investment-driven company with interest in major commanding heights of the economy, impressed on the CBN the need to take a more holistic approach.

    While commending the CBN for taking another bold step aimed at making the nation’s banking sector competitive like their counterparts across the globe, he would rather this is done efficiently, professionally and based on best practices.

    “If the CBN wants to look at these things holistically, they should do the additional verification of all these components of capital in the book of all the banks to verify the genuineness or otherwise so that it can be capitalised,” he stressed.

    Taking a retrospective look back in time, Adebola who recalled that when the CBN embarked on the first recapitalisation exercise the banks could hardly finance big ticket transactions without recourse to foreign banks.

    “The recapitalisation of banks precipitated a lot of good for the economy. Then we saw how banks came up with innovative products tailored towards financial empowerment and freedom of customers and even saw the emergence of the middle class. We also discovered that during that time that the recap exercise also impacted positively on the capital market,” he recalled.

    Read Also: Sanwo-Olu distributes rice to Lagos councils, LCDAs

    Adebola who reiterated the fact that capital is one of the factors that determine the strength of a bank, noting that fresh capital injection is an added advantage, he was however quick to add that the order by the CBN preventing them from harnessing their retained earnings as is the norm, was controversial.

    According to him, “When you are talking about paid up capital, we are actually talking about share capital, share premium and retained earnings. That technically forms what we call paid up capital. But in other parts of the circular, they (CBN) clarified it. If they will not allow retained earnings to be part of their share capital then the shareholders are supposed to get it. The retained earnings are what the banks are supposed to distribute to shareholders.“

    Citing the financial statement of Access Holdings, the Holdco of the Access Bank, Adebola argued that the bank which is presently the biggest bank by equity may face an uphill task meeting the new CBN prerequisite.

    “For the accounting year ended 31st, December 2023, the total equity of Access Bank is N2, 185, 634, 000, 00. That is when we consider the retained earnings, together with all other forms of capital. But their share capital and share premium which the CBN says is the only thing that would form the capital that they would consider is just N251, 800, 000.00 and the retained earnings that the bank has is N717, 131, 000, 00.

    “That means that Access Bank as we speak now if it wants to actually operate internationally that means that it’s going to have a shortfall of N214, 180, 000. 000.00. So the question is this, in the statement of account of Access Bank,  they have Tier-1 capital, but the CBN has said it’s not going to count that and other equity that the bank has.”

  • CBN’s SOS; Prevent school injuries

    CBN’s SOS; Prevent school injuries

    Hurray! CBN’s ‘SECRET OF SUCCESS’ has ‘Saved Our Souls’ and is working faster than internationally predicted.

     The 2024 Easter will go down in Nigeria’s history as ‘THE EASTER WITH NO NEW CLOTHES’, as they lack the traditional gift at Easter. Easter has been very financially depressing challenge for Nigerian families. But the dark cloud enshrouding the weak naira has a silver lining as it is strengthening against the dollar, recovering faster than foreigners expected and lightening the Easter general gloomy mood slightly. All credit to the CBN governor, Yemi Cardoso and his team. Cardoso is the leader in a bitter politically motivated cycle of naira recovery and naira ruin.

     What is CBN’s Secret of Success, SOS. It is not nuclear physics. It is reintroduction of age-long values of the G-O-D, ‘Good Old Days’. The newly dusted values in CBN were ignored for years and are the old values of our Oath of Office and daily mouthed without meaning by government and political office holders.

    In CBN, the current SOS, Secret of Success, is backed up by the reality of instant forensic auditing of every strategy and action. CBN’s SOS is adherence to the letters of the Nigerian National Oath to be ‘FAITHFUL, LOYAL AND HONEST’, FLH, and specifically in Project Nigeria, Project Naira and Project Fellow Nigerian Citizen. Let all Nigerians, not just Governor Cardoso and CBN be FLH in 2024.

    Years ago, this column recommended that the dominant photo in CBN should be a group of poor Nigerian children one from every state and FCT on every wall and desk to remind officials that CBN’s action daily will rescue or ruin the future for children nationwide.

    Today, the CBN, governments and agencies labour under 10–20-year-old ‘neglected debts incurred by criminally irresponsible politicians, officials, bankers, businesspersons and contractors. These failed to perform compulsory responsibilities of paying bills.

    In other countries, areas including Education, Agriculture, Health, Water, Transport and the Central Bank are untouchable by the corrupt or the countries will collapse and lose Future Manpower, Food Sufficiency, Population Health, safe Drinking Water, Human Connectivity, Currency Stability, Developmental and Sovereign Wealth Funds. Inform politicians, civil servants, MDA officials and contractors that we can no longer pay billions in ‘THEFT FEES’ and simultaneously develop.          

    The backlog of government unpaid electricity, salary, pension, maintenance and development bills demonstrates that Nigeria suffers ‘CHRONIC GOVERNMENT DELIBERATELY-INFLICTED DERELICTION of DUTY AND SERVICE PROVISION’.  The ‘unpaid bills money’ has ‘disappeared’ with no punishment for offenders.

    The naira has reawakened and may be less than N800-1,100:$1 in 2-3 months provided we stop oil theft and Dangote and other refineries work and power supply becomes stable reducing costs of living and production. We have another power grid collapse. CBN and EFCC reiterated the ban on spraying naira, and criminalised bank managers and the unnecessary army profiting from selling new notes. Wrongdoers are in court for disgracing and devaluing the naira. Has CBN eliminated the unnecessary and army of itinerant middleman currency ‘aboki’ traders paid by forex sales? Dollar undisputed debts have been paid and theft and criminal deals  between CBN top officials  and commercial banks have hopefully been terminated, which will in-turn terminate questionable trillion-naira forex trading profits for banks. WILL CBN PLEASE ALSO CANCEL OR CURTAIL the CURRENT BURDEN OF CBN-SANCTIONED & UNSANCTIONED EXTORTIONIST BANK ACCOUNT CHARGES UNHEARD OF IN OTHER COUNTRIES?

    WILL Nigerian banks at last get back to normal banking and not ‘Director-lending only’ trap? Amen.

    Money for celebrant and band must now be enveloped or transferred. Expect itchy fingers to create a Nigerian Spraying Artform going through the motions with toy money backed up by an envelope.  Watch and learn. It will be contested in court.       

    CBN Directors are not immune to temptation. Governor Yemi Cardoso and EFCC should be proactive to prevent detrimental CBN Director activity. One bad CBN Director, will ruin the entire CBN reputation. CBN, Please keep it up and keep our precious naira up. Amen.

    The amazing pictures of the brave-faced children kidnapped at Kuriga, receiving education support and school-rehabilitation promises from the relieved governor, must be seen alongside the story of their ordeal at the hands of bandit terrorists and murderers when one vigilante member was murdered and one teacher sadly died in front of the students including his own terrified son during captivity. Just imagine the psychological trauma!

    Read Also: Banks, experts okay CBN’s policy on recapitalisation

    Even if our children can escape being kidnapped, raped, brutalised and bullied and beaten in school, tragically, too many schools, teachers and students in 2024 lack current textbooks, chairs, desks and toilets and infrastructure to be stimulating  learning environments. Last week I saw four students with preventable eye injuries from a thrown stone, biro stab, pencil stab, belt beating and bullying. University students died during a stampede for poverty palliatives, preventable by crowd management. The Federal Ministry of Education and the National Orientation Agency have advocacy work to do to ‘STOP BULLYING, STOP EYE AND OTHER INJURIES IN EDUCATION FACILITIES’. Last week WAEC reported a pathetic 30% (2519 students) pass in the first ever CBT Computer Based Test WASSCE. That failure precipitates the  failure of  ‘generation next’.

    SHOULD LOSING AN EYE OR A LIFE OR A 60% FAILURE RATE BE THE PRICE OF A NIGERIAN EDUCATION? It means our EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS need to be SDG and current curriculum compliant ‘TEACHER/LECTURER AND CHILD/YOUTH  FRIENDLY SCHOOL/ EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS’ or they are not fit for purpose.

  • Banks demand CBN’s clarity on retained earnings as recapitalisation countdown begins

    Banks demand CBN’s clarity on retained earnings as recapitalisation countdown begins

    Commercial banks demanding from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to present a clearer directive on the treatment of retained earnings in the recapitalisation of banks, The Nation has learnt.

    The demand become more urgent as countdown to the two-year recapitalisation timeline begins. 

    The recapitalisation exercise is expected to commence from April 1, 2024 (today), through March 31, 2026.

    Retained earnings are the amount of profit a company has left over after paying all its direct costs, indirect costs, income taxes and its dividends to shareholders. 

    This represents the portion of the company’s equity that can be used, for instance, to invest in new equipment, research and development, and marketing.

    Many of the lenders pushing for clarity believe a definite pronouncement devoid of ambiguity will guide their capital raising plan.

    Adding their voices to the debate, analysts at Afrinvest West Africa Limited, an international investment and research company, said they anticipate further clarification on the treatment of retained earnings from the CBN as implementation week commences.

    In emailed note to investors, the analysts said: “Assuming the re -engineering of retained earnings to bolster eligible capital levels (that is share capital and share premium as defined by the CBN for the recapitalisation exercise), our estimation indicates that approximately N901.8 billion combined would be needed by Wema Bank, First City MB, Fidelity, Unity, and Sterling banks to reach new benchmarks.”

    The CBN had last week, announced the upward review of the minimum capital requirement for lenders in the country to mitigate the impact of external and domestic shocks via negative exchange rate movement and elevated inflation.

    The apex bank mandated minimum capital of N500 billion, N200 billion, and N50 billion for Commercial Banks with International, National, and Regional licenses respectively.

    Likewise, the CBN also raised capitalisation baseline for Merchant Banks (N50 billion) and Non-interest Banks (National: N20 billion and Regional: N10 billion).

    Read Also: CBN deserves kudos for stabilising naira against dollar—ABCON boss

    The CBN specified that minimum capital for existing banks should comprise only paid-up capital and share premium. For proposed banks (new banking license applications after April 1, 2024) the paid-up capital should meet new standards.

    They explained that from initial assessment, positives from the recapitalisation drive includes strengthening the capacity of banks to support credit creation in the real sector, the potential influx of capital into the domestic economy through offshore capital-raising endeavours and the likelihood of the emergence of stronger and more resilient banking entities post-recapitalization.

    However, potential headwinds can materialise in form the dilution of returns for shareholders,  the risk of lenders inadvertently generating bad risk assets or engaging in high-risk behaviours to deploy additional liquidity, and the possibility of high industry concentration following consolidations, leading to oligopolistic influence.

    Managing Director, Dexterpro Limited, Olusegun Badaru, in one of his  LinkedIn posts, explained that the devaluation of the naira leads to a decrease in the value of assets held by Nigerian banks, which can significantly impact their balance sheets, as the value of loans, investments, and other assets denominated in foreign currencies will decline when converted into naira.

    “As a result, banks may face challenges in maintaining their capital adequacy ratios and meeting regulatory requirements,” he said .

    He explained that recapitalisation serves several purposes. Firstly, it strengthens a bank’s capital base, improving its ability to absorb potential losses and maintain stability. Adequate capitalisation provides a buffer against unexpected shocks and helps instill confidence in depositors, investors, and regulators.

    “Recapitalisation enables banks to meet regulatory requirements and comply with capital adequacy ratios set by regulatory authorities such as the CBN. Compliance with these ratios is crucial for maintaining a sound and resilient banking system,” he said.

  • CBN deserves kudos for stabilising naira against dollar—ABCON boss

    CBN deserves kudos for stabilising naira against dollar—ABCON boss

    The President of the Association of Bureau De Change of Nigeria, Aminu Gwadabe has hailed the different policy initiatives by the Yemi Cardoso-management of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) which has seen a positive outlook of the naira against the green back thus far.

    Gwadabe who spoke exclusively with our correspondent during an interactive session said it was heartening to note that, “The naira is increasingly becoming stronger against the Greenback across all market segments. The unpredictability of the apex bank on what measures to unleash in the market have sent a strong positive market signal as speculators and hoarders are in a state of confusion and necessitating uploading their position in the market. I personally want to congratulate the CBN for achieving success in stemming and controlling volatility in the foreign exchange market.”

    Pressed further, he said, “The twin measures of clearance of backlog and intervention in the retail end of the market have remained the magic wands in this feat and enhance both local and international investors’ confidence in our sovereign currency. I urge the CBN to look into de-risking the non-oil sector, securitize diaspora remittances and improve the enabling environment in the oil production sector to expand and widen the buffers of the Central Bank.

    “It is also good news to see accretion in our foreign buffers as sine qua non to a positive balance of payments position.”

    Read Also: CBN’s recall of BDCs into FX market boosts Naira, says Gwadabe

    The naira has been experiencing good fortune against the dollar in intraday trading on Wednesday, a day after the central bank hiked interest rates to tame inflation and lifted restrictions on foreign investors participating in its fixed-income auctions.

    The currency rose to 1,200 per dollar on the official market, LSEG data showed, strengthening above the parallel market levels at about 1,340.

    Africa’s largest economy has been grappling with dollar shortages that pushed its currency to a record low of 1,851 per dollar last month, though central bank Governor Olayemi Cardoso has said that dollar liquidity is improving.

    Naira gains 5.97% against dollar at official market

    Meanwhile, at the Investors and Exporters (I&E) window, the naira traded between N1,392 and N1,250 against the dollar.

    However at the close of transactions at the I&E forex window, the naira was quoted at N1,431.49 as against the previous close of N1,453.28

    The CBN last Wednesday said it had paid commercial bank customers $1.5 billion to settle outstanding obligations that put the local currency under pressure.

    The naira last month fell to a low of N1,778.25 to the dollar, weighed down by high demand for the U.S. currency and outstanding forwards on the currency that needed to be settled by the central bank.

  • CBN’s recall of BDCs into FX market boosts Naira, says Gwadabe

    CBN’s recall of BDCs into FX market boosts Naira, says Gwadabe

    • Currency gains N660 since BDCs’ return to FX market

    The Association of Bureaux de Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON) has lauded the decision of the Olayemi Cardoso-led Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to recall Bureaux De Change (BDCs) into the mainstream FX market as a major factor in ongoing exchange rate stability.

     In a statement released yesterday in Lagos, ABCON President, Dr. Aminu Gwadabe, said aside monetary policy tightening that led to interest rate hike and more investment in government instruments and clearance of $7 billion forex backlog forward commitments, the recall of the BDCs has significantly boosted dollar liquidity at the retail end of the forex market.

     Gwadabe therefore expressed ABCON’s gratitude to the Cardoso-led CBN and other related agencies for the recognition of BDCs as the third leg of the foreign exchange market and an effective exchange rate transmission mechanism in forex management.

     He said: “The reconsideration of the BDCs into the mainstream foreign exchange market has not only demystified illegal economic behaviours such as  hoarding, rent seeking, round tripping and FX holding position, but also led to the emergence of  exchange rate convergence.”

     Gwadabe said that the stability in exchange rate has already started to have positive impact on the prices of goods and services. For instance the price for international school fees has dropped by 15 per cent; cost of medical tourism reduced by 20 per cent and prices of air fares for local and international trips dipped by 25 per cent.

    He said: “The current developments in the foreign exchange market has started reigning in inflation as prices of most necessities are becoming relatively lower in the market. In a most serious note, the positive impacts include also heightened confidence of the public in the local currency as it eliminates currency substitution behavior which hitherto being adding pressure on our local currency”.

    Gwadabe said the success story is unending as naira trades at N1,255/$ on Saturday, even lower than N1,269.765 rates BDCs were advised to sell.

    Describing the ongoing market development as revolutionary, Gwadabe  said stable naira will attract more foreign portfolio inflows to the economy.

    Read Also: Remita selected based on merit – CBN

    He said the naira has appreciated from February low of N1,915/$ to N1,255/$ representing N660 gain, which is significant by all measures.

    He said the gains of the CBN under Cardoso to recognise the power of BDCs in securing stable exchange rate cannot be over emphasised.

    He also said that previous practice where people took dollars from Nigeria to Dubai for hoarding has ceased. He said that today, following the rapid recovery of the naira against dollar, the purchase of dollars in Dubai is cheaper than in Nigeria and therefore created business opportunity for dollar inflows rather than outflows to the economy.

    Going forward, he said that prospects for forex earnings are promising, with foreign portfolio investments on the rise and over $1.5 billion inflows few days after Monetary Policy Committee raised interest rate by 200 basis points.

    He said  increases in foreign exchange inflows into the economy through the CBN’s monetary instruments is helping to boost foreign reserve accretion and gives the apex bank the necessary power to continue to defend the local currency.

    ”It is our view that the collaboration between the BDCs, CBN , National Security Adviser, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), as well as support from the Presidency helped in creating the opportunity for building the foundation of this achievement. Overall, the combination of these actions have induced an atmosphere of public calmness, confidence, hopes and liquidity in the markets.

    We call, therefore, on the CBN to continue to calibrate the existing relationship between the BDCs and the apex bank to sustain the success story,” he advised.

    On the recent reforms in the financial industry, the ABCON chief reiterated the resolve of ABCON to continually collaborate with the CBN in carrying all its members along in achieving a win-win situation. This is expected to help in safeguarding investments, harnessing