Tag: Super Eagles

  • Eroded football’s system behind Eagles’  W’Cup 2026 mishap , says Green

    Eroded football’s system behind Eagles’  W’Cup 2026 mishap , says Green

    Nigeria’s failure to qualify for the 2026 FIFA World Cup has continued to draw strong reactions from stakeholders, with Rivers State Commissioner for Youth and Sports , Barrister Chris Green, delivering one of the most searing assessments yet.

    The  former Chairman of the NFF Technical and Development Sub-Committee, said the setback was not a sudden occurrence but the consequence of years of neglect, mismanagement and short-term thinking within Nigerian football.

    According to him, the nation has repeatedly applied “patch and quick-fix solutions” to deep-rooted structural problems that require honesty, competence and long-term planning.

    “Our foundation has been eroded,” he said. “You cannot put something on nothing and expect it to stay. Incompetence, lack of capacity, ethnicity, nepotism, favouritism, hatred and lure for money are the bane of our football.”

    Green noted that Nigeria’s decline has been visible for years, insisting that the team has not been truly “super” for a long time.

    “Brace up lads, stop crying. We know where the problem lies,” he said. “They have taken the ‘giant of African football’ toga from us. It didn’t start today, and unfortunately we are yet to get to the climax.”

    He expressed sadness over the emotional toll the failure has taken on fans, recalling how “people shouted their voices hoarse” and even died watching the Super Eagles struggle in recent years. But he stressed that lamentation alone will not change anything.

    “Enough tears shed. It’s time for positive action towards revamping and restructuring of our football,” he urged, calling for a collective decision to rebuild the sport on integrity, merit, professionalism and sustainable development.

    Green added a note of appreciation to those who continue to highlight these issues publicly, acknowledging a shared desire for a better future for Nigerian football.

    Nigeria will now miss the World Cup for two consecutive editions having also failed to qualify for the 2022 edition held in Qatar , a development many stakeholders hope will trigger the long-overdue reforms the commissioner has consistently advocated.

  • PLAY-OFFS: Leopards stop Super Eagles  in penalty shootout

    PLAY-OFFS: Leopards stop Super Eagles  in penalty shootout

    Democratic Republic of Congo kept alive hopes of a World Cup place as they edged Nigeria 4-3 on penalties after a 1-1 draw at the end of extra time to win the African qualifying playoffs in Morocco last night.

    DR Congo now await the draw on Thursday for the inter-confederation playoff in March where six teams will chase two places at the 48-team finals.

    Read Also: W’Cup 2026: Toro hails NFF, stakeholders for Super Eagles’   playoff spot

    Captain Chancel Mbemba converted the decisive kick after Congolese substitute goalkeeper Timothy Fayulu, brought on a minute before the shootout, made two saves in the shootout.

    Frank Onyeka had Nigeria ahead in the third minute but Meschack Elia equalised for the two sides to be level 1-1 after extra time.

  • Wake up Super Eagles!

    Wake up Super Eagles!

    Most of us think that participating at the four-yearly fiesta for the biggest and enthralling games is a tea party. Aside, many others feel strongly that playing at the Mundial was as simple as buying a lottery ticket from the shop. In fact, there is a dismissive tendency of thinking that all that we need to be part of the comity of nations at every Mundial is just walk up to FIFA headquarters in Zurich to say ”We are Nigerians,” and we would be handed the qualification ticket without stress. No plan.

    The sports administrators’ approach to Nigeria’s participation at the Mundial is such that you would think the competition is our birthright. It doesn’t matter how well the real contenders prepare. Getting the cherished ticket should define the growth of the  game at the domestic front for the next four years.

    In plotting our illusory chart for the World Cup ticket, we rely on God’s divine favours, as if other nations don’t believe in ”Our Father who art in Heaven, Halloweth be thy name…”.  We forget the biblical phrase of Heaven helping those who help themselves first. Truth be told, we allow our emotions to rule our thought processes, leaving us in the lurch groping over how we missed it. We leave it late and expect to qualify by the snap of our fingers. Pray, when will we learn? Other 211 countries don’t have the right to dream about playing at the senior World Cup? No, only Nigeria. Indeed.

    Until the government starts disbursing funds to run the game here directly to the NFF, the show of shame where players demand for their entitlements in foreign lands will continue unabated. It amounts to good governance when each level does its job without overlaps. It is ethically wrong for the supervisory body to do the disbursement of funds which pass through them. The supervisor must learn how to discharge his functions and allow others to do theirs.

    Otherwise, how do you explain the trip to Rabat by the hierarchy of the supervisory body taking foreign currencies to the team 24 hours to a crucial competition after telling the world they had given the soccer federation all that they asked for to prosecute the World Cup playoffs for the African continents.

    Of course, the supervisory body’s penchant for holiness is laughable because till date we don’t know the correct medals’ table to capture what happened at the last National Sports Festival held in Abeokuta, Ogun State. No one holds the supervisors accountable publicly, but through laid down procedures. A situation where the supervisor becomes the servant says a lot even when both bodies have accounting experts deployed to handle such an exercise.

    Read Also: Super Eagles’ pay dispute : Height of peculiar mess in NFF  

    Perhaps, the government should in the future get the finance ministry officials to handle the NFF’s financial transactions except those from FIFA which the international body knows how to detect excesses and abuses including misapplication of their cash.

    Taking the cash to Rabat meant that the supervisory body didn’t do its job to ensure that things were done tidily instead of the disgraceful resort to self help by the players, coaches and team officials. The impression being created when there are strikes is that the soccer body is incompetent. It always turns out to be the failure of leadership by the supervisor.

    One world has suggested that the Federal Government should constitute a World Cup Task Force to handle the country’s campaign. But previous ones had their members overreaching their briefs, leading to crises of shameful dimensions. The soccer federation should be given their funds directly, with the EFCC and the ICPC officials tasked to look into the federation’s books to identify misapplication of funds, and those found culpable made to face the full wrath of the laws.

    Certainly, the obvious question would be how do the other countries handle their qualification plans without problems? Do these countries agree with the players, coaches and team officials on the mode of payment which could be handled directly by the finance ministry by transferring cash directly into their respective accounts after due diligence has been done? The bigger picture could be for the government to release cash to the NFF, with the finance ministry officials doing the disbursement after vetting the payment vouchers. This idea of bringing odium to the country must stop. The supervisory body must be told in strict terms not to disburse cash to the players, coaches and team officials as if they are labourers. After all, they play for clubs who remit their entitlements to them seamlessly through their bank details. A stitch in time saves nine.

    Watching the game on Thursday night showed that the players must begin to take the reporting date to camp seriously. Practice sessions mustn’t be tampered with on the altar of flight difficulties. Most of the players ply their trades in European countries where airlines have schedules to different parts of the world. Bookings for such flight schedules can be done at individuals’ discretion.

    Victor Osimhen needed the first half of woeful misses in front of goal to regain his goal-scoring sharpness in the second half, culminating in his brace which sank the Gabonese. Again, Osimhen is too exposed as a professional to know that it is awful to take off one’s shirt in celebration after scoring a goal. Besides, our players must be punished over needless yellow cards. Frank Onyeka ought to have known that retaliation is a punishable offence which in most cases translates to such players being shown a straight red card which could have affected the team’s performance. The Eagles must now play against D.R Congo without Wilfred Ndidi who was shown a yellow card in the sixth minute in Thursday’s match, making it his second yellow card in the competition.

    Coach Eric Chelle goofed when he removed Nigeria’s goal scorer Akor Adams. One has been trying to process the reason for the change. Dear Chelle, Super Eagles have been conceding late goals. Please fix the problems. At senior World Cups, games are won from the bench through informed substitutions which rub off on the game almost immediately. In the likely event that Nigeria gets one of the two playoffs’ tickets, the NFF and their cantankerous supervisors should ensure that Chelle attends good coaching refresher courses to update his knowledge about the modern tricks of the game which is dynamic.

    In a post-match statement by the president’s Special Adviser on Communication and Strategy, Bayo Onanuga, on Thursday night via a tweet, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu described the performance as a clear expression of the Nigerian character that rises, adapts, and prevails.

    “This is the true Nigerian spirit of resilience against all odds. Do not stop until you secure a qualification. Super Eagles, keep soaring. The nation stands with you,” the president said.

    Chelle’s post-match comments raise hope when he said: ”I am very proud of these guys, because every time they are focused on what I ask them to do and they do what I want. They always show what I want from them, and they can prove why I believe in them.”

    “The difference in this game was the passion these guys had. They had focus, kept the ball together and held the same thinking. We are happy, but we can’t celebrate just yet. Maybe after the second game, we can smile.”

  • Super Eagles paid goals bonus for Gabon demolition

    Super Eagles paid goals bonus for Gabon demolition

    SCORENigeria can report that the Super Eagles, on Friday, received a goals bonus of $120,000 for the 4-1 demolition of Gabon in a 2026 World Cup Playoffs tie in Rabat, Morocco.

    It was an initiative with the private sector that promised $30,000-a-goal at the Playoffs.

    This was one of the promises made to the team to resolve the pay dispute that forced the team to skip training on Tuesday in Morocco.

    Read Also: BREAKING: Super Eagles resume training after boycott over unpaid bonuses

    Officials told SCORENigeria that the team will receive a bigger bonus when they beat DR Congo Sunday night to secure the ticket to the Intercontinental Playoffs in Mexico in March.

  • PLAY-OFFS: Four-star Super Eagles  soar over Panthers to final

    PLAY-OFFS: Four-star Super Eagles  soar over Panthers to final

    Akor’s , Ejuke’s goals with Osimhen’s brace seal victory

    To face DR Congo on SundayBy Tunde Liadi

    The Super Eagles boosted their quest for a place at the 2026 FIFA World Cup with a commanding 4–1 victory over the Panthers of Gabon in their CAF semi-final playoff clash  on Thursday at the Prince Moulay El Hassan Stadium in Rabat, Morocco.

    Nigeria sealed the win in extra time after both  sides tied 1-1 in  regulation time.

    Both sides began the encounter with attacking intent—Osimhen leading the Nigerian frontline while Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang spearheaded the Gabonese attack. Despite several attempts from both ends, the first half ended goalless.

    The second half saw high drama when Gabon appealed for a penalty but the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) overturned the decision. Nigeria finally broke the deadlock in the 78th  minute after Gabonese defender Aaron Appindangoye’s poor back pass was intercepted by Akor Adams, who calmly slotted home.

    The lead was short-lived, however, as Gabon equalized through a deflected shot from Mario Lemina that left the Nigerian goalkeeper stranded in the 89th  minute. Osimhen had a golden chance to seal the win late in regulation time but failed to convert, sending the game into extra time.

    Read Also: W’Cup 2026: Toro hails NFF, stakeholders for Super Eagles’   playoff spot

    In extra time, the Super Eagles took full control—Ejuke restored Nigeria’s lead with a composed finish before Osimhen struck twice to put the result beyond doubt.

    With the emphatic win, Nigeria advanced to the final of the CAF playoff series, where they will face DR Congo who beat  Cameroon 1-0 in the other semi-finals in Rabat yesterday,  for a spot at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

    The playoffs are for the four best runners-up across the nine African qualifying groups that concluded last month with the winners all advancing to next year’s finals in Canada, Mexico and the United States.

    The winner of the playoff in Morocco proceeds to represent Africa in March’s inter-confederation playoffs where the last two places for the expanded 48-team World Cup will be decided.

  • Things to know as Nigeria take on Gabon in 2026 World Cup Playoff

    Things to know as Nigeria take on Gabon in 2026 World Cup Playoff

    The Super Eagles of Nigeria are set for a crucial showdown against Gabon in the 2026 FIFA World Cup playoff, as both sides battle for a place in the final qualifying round.

    With pressure mounting and expectations high, Nigeria will be eager to impose their superiority and avoid costly mistakes that could derail their World Cup hopes. The victor from this encounter will advance to face either Congo or Cameroon in the next stage of the playoff series.

    Buoyed by an impressive run of form, the Super Eagles enter this fixture with renewed belief following their emphatic 4–0 victory over Benin Republic in the final group game — a result that sealed their playoff qualification. Before that, the 2024 AFCON finalists had struggled for consistency, winning just three matches throughout the qualifiers. South Africa, despite having three points deducted, finished top of the group to book their direct ticket.

    Gabon, meanwhile, were solid and competitive throughout their group campaign but narrowly missed out on qualification to the Ivory Coast by a single point. The Panthers are now determined to make amends, though they must first overcome Nigeria — and potentially one of Congo or Cameroon — to keep their World Cup dream alive.

    For the Super Eagles, dominance in midfield, quick transitions down the flanks, and defensive discipline will be key. Their ability to convert chances efficiently could prove decisive. On the other hand, Nigeria’s backline must stay alert to the attacking duo of Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang and Denis Bouanga, who will undoubtedly pose a constant threat to the defense.

    However, the firepower in Nigeria’s attack could tilt the balance. With Victor Osimhen in blistering form, alongside Moses Simon, Alex Iwobi, and other top European-based stars, the Super Eagles have enough quality to trouble the Gabonese defense.

    All players are available for selection except Semi Ajayi, who is suspended due to yellow card accumulation. The Hull City defender will, however, be eligible should Nigeria progress to face Congo or Cameroon.

    Read Also: Play-Offs:  NFF tips Super Eagles to subdue Panthers  after pay dispute

    History also favors the Super Eagles, who have won five of their nine previous meetings with Gabon, drawing three and losing only once. Their most notable encounter came in 2005, when Nigeria triumphed 2–0.

    This time, though, there will be no home advantage for either side, as both the semifinal and final playoff matches are scheduled to take place in Morocco — setting the stage for a tense, neutral-ground battle.

    Nigeria World Cup Qualifying – Africa form:

    W D W D W W

    Nigeria form (all competitions):

    W D W D W W

    Gabon World Cup Qualifying – Africa form:

    W W W D W W

    Gabon form (all competitions):

    L W W D W W

    Nigeria’s possible starting lineup:

    Nwabali; Frederick, Ekong, Bassey, Onyemaechi; Chukwueze, Ndidi, Iwobi, Simon; Osimhen, Lookman

    Gabon’s possible starting lineup:

    Mbaba; Onfia, M’bemba, Manga; Lemina, Kanga, Ndong, Averlant; Obiang, Bouanga, Aubameyang

    Fixture: Nigeria vs Gabon

    Competition: 2025 FIFA World Cup Playoffs

    Date: Thursday, November 13, 2025

    Time: 5:00 p.m. (Nigerian time)

    Venue: Moulay El Hassan Stadium

    Where to Watch: CAF TV, DSTV, Sporty TV

    Prediction

    Nigeria 2-0 Gabon

    Nigeria 3-1 Gabon

    Both teams to score

  • Play-Offs:  NFF tips Super Eagles to subdue Panthers  after pay dispute

    Play-Offs:  NFF tips Super Eagles to subdue Panthers  after pay dispute

    Nigeria’s Super Eagles returned to the training ground on Wednesday evening, as focus shifts firmly to Thursday’s 2026 FIFA World Cup Africa playoff semi-final clash with the Panthers of Gabon.

    The pay dispute that reared its head and knocked off Tuesday’s training session has been put to bed and the players now look forward to putting  today’s potentially-explosive encounter out of the reach of the Gabonese, and earn a place in Sunday’s Final.

    Yesterday , the three-time African champions trained at the Institut Royal de Formation Des Cadres in Salé, outside Rabat.

    President of the Nigeria Football Federation, Alhaji Ibrahim Musa Gusau, expressed confidence that the team will deliver on Thursday.

    “We believe in the players and their ability to make Nigeria proud, not only on Thursday, but throughout these playoffs. We have a team capable of earning a World Cup ticket.”

    Former Nigeria international and coach, now NFF Technical Director, Augustine Eguavoen, said: “These boys that I know, that I have worked with, want to go to the FIFA World Cup. The aspiration of every professional footballer is to play at the World Cup and enhance their market value.

     “The timing of the strike was wrong. They might have had their reasons but the timing was not the best. Having said that, I have faith in them to rise up to the occasion and do the business on Thursday, and afterwards, on Sunday.”

    Today’s high-stakes encounter at the Complexe Sportif Prince Heritier Moulay Al Hassan in Rabat, starting at 5pm (Morocco is on same time zone with Nigeria presently) will be the 10th confrontation between the senior men national teams of Nigeria and Gabon, with Nigeria having won five of the previous nine matches, and three drawn.

    Read Also: NFF  hails Tinubu’s  unflinching support for Nigerian football

    Gabon won only one – a 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying match in Libreville that ended 2-1.

    Today, forwards Victor Osimhen (Nigeria) and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang will be the cynosure, as two of the deadliest strikers in world football (Aubameyang netted all four of Gabon’s goals in an away game against Gambia in the qualifying series while Osimhen scored two away to Rwanda and three at home to Bénin Republic) lead their teams’ pursuit of a FIFA World Cup ticket.

    HEAD-TO-HEAD: NIGERIA vs. GABON

    28 Aug 1965: Gabon 2-2 Nigeria (Friendly)

    29 Aug 1965: Gabon 1-4 Nigeria (Friendly)

    02 Mar 1983: Gabon 0-0 Nigeria (Friendly)

    07 Jan 1989:  Nigeria 1-0 Gabon (WC qualifier)

    25 June 1989: Gabon 2-1 Nigeria (WC qualifier)

    26 Mar 1994: Nigeria 3-0 Gabon (AFCON finals)

    21 Nov 1999: Gabon 0-2 Nigeria (Friendly)

    09 Oct 2004: Gabon 1-1 Nigeria (WC qualifier)

    26 Mar 2005: Nigeria 2-0 Gabon (WC qualifier)

  • Mikel challenges  Super Eagles  to grab World Cup ticket despite odds  

    Mikel challenges  Super Eagles  to grab World Cup ticket despite odds  

    Former Super Eagles captain, John Obi Mikel, has described the recent strike action by the national team as ill-timed, stressing that it came at a critical moment when Nigeria should be fully focused on today’s decisive CAF World Cup qualifying playoff against Gabon in Rabat, Morocco.

    Speaking on The Obi One Podcast, the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations winner acknowledged the concerns of the players over unpaid bonuses and administrative lapses but maintained that the timing of their protest was wrong.

     “I have seen so many pictures and conversations about FIFA giving $1.2 million to the NFF to build stadiums and all the corruptions that have gone on. The corruption has to be rooted out of the game if we want to go forward,” Mikel said. “But now is not the best time to discuss those. Now is the time to focus on the game against Gabon in the FIFA World Cup Qualifying playoffs to get to the next round.”

    The former Chelsea midfielder emphasized the importance of unity and mental focus ahead of what he described as a “mountain to climb” for Nigeria, urging the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF) to do everything possible to make the players comfortable and motivated.

    Read Also: W’Cup 2026: Toro hails NFF, stakeholders for Super Eagles’   playoff spot

     “It is a difficult task for us. It is a mountain to climb and we have to make sure we are ready,” he added. “Whatever the NFF have to do to make the players feel comfortable to perform and give their best for the country, they have to do that right now.”

    Mikel expressed confidence in the team’s quality, singling out Napoli striker Victor Osimhen as one of the world’s best, but warned against overreliance on him.

     “We have one of the best strikers in the world right now — he is absolutely on fire. But it is not just him. The whole team has to perform. Don’t depend on Victor Osimhen alone. Find the motivation in you knowing that this is the biggest game of the nation’s life,” Mikel said.

    He concluded by urging the players to put aside distractions and give their all to secure Nigeria’s qualification for the next stage of the World Cup playoffs.

     “We have to qualify for the World Cup. There is no two ways about it.”

  • Play-Offs: Lorfa faults  Super Eagles for boycotting  training over pay row

    Play-Offs: Lorfa faults  Super Eagles for boycotting  training over pay row

    Former Nigeria International, Dominic Iorfa has expressed displeasure with the Nigeria’s Senior Male football team, for boycotting training ahead of the crucial 2026 FIFA World Cup African playoff semi-final with Gabon.

    Iorfa, who was widely known as the ‘Speedstar’ during his active playing days, regretted the unfortunate events from the camp of the Super Eagles, describing it as ‘disgusting.’

    The  football administrator recounted that during his active playing days in England with Queens Park Rangers, some of his teammates were stunned that African players did receive huge match bonuses and incentives.

    While calling on the players to eschew personal aggrandizement, Iorfa noted that the rising profiles of the players won’t be known to the global audience if they hadn’t played for the national team.

    His words: “The players that are refusing to train because of match bonuses/incentives is a disgusting thing to talk about. It is surprising to some of these European countries when they hear the kind of money African Players get for playing for their countries.

    Read Also: Abandoned FIFA Project: Monimichelle faults NFF on funding as equipment  rot away in Ugborodo  

    “I remember my days playing in England with Queen’s Park Rangers (QPR), and every time I got back from national team duty and while discussing at training, I tell them how much money I got for playing for my country,  they will be asking me what for because European players only get incentives when they qualify major tournaments.

    “QPR in the early 90s had five English International players including; Ray Wilkins, Kenny Samson, David Seaman, Paul Parker and, Roy Wegerle of the  USA.

    “How will they refuse to train because of bonuses despite the huge amount of money they receive from their clubs? The national team brought the players to the spotlight because about 80% of the players won’t be known.

    “The interesting part is that back in the day, many of Nigeria’s iconic and legendary players first rose to prominence through their impressive performances in the local league even before moving to international clubs. This also paved the way for talented players to become household names among local fans.”

  • Super Eagles boycott

    Super Eagles boycott

    •Too close to a match with so much at stake

    The idea that players representing Nigeria should embark on a strike is nothing new. That is the worst of it: That it is nothing new.

    There is no place for such a misnomer in a normal run of things. No football team worth a national name should not be paid an allowance or bonus due to it, even if it is for one match.

    When the country’s team embarked on a boycott of training in Rabat, Morocco, it may be regarded as a quintessential Nigerian failure. But this was not one failure, but a failure that has a trail, a long trail. The boycott for failure by the sports authorities to pay them their entitlement dating back to 2019, which makes it six years of breaches.

    The players’ statement was explicit enough.

    “The full squad, including officials, withheld from training today in Morocco because of unresolved issues with outstanding payments.

    “The Super Eagles are awaiting a quick resolution to continue preparation for Thursday’s game with Gabon. Thank you. From the players.”

    Familiar names of the squad embarked on the boycott. They included captain William Troost-Ekong; forwards Victor Osimhen, Ademola Lookman, Moses Simon, Chidera Ejuke, Alex Iwobi, Samuel Chukwueze, and Akor Adams; defenders Calvin Bassey, Chidozie Awaziem, Benjamin Frederick, Semi Ajayi, Zaidu Sanusi, Amas Obasogie, and Stanley Nwabali; and midfielders Wilfred Ndidi, Frank Onyeka, Raphael Onyedika, Ahassan Yusuf, Tolu Arokodare, Olakunle Olusegun, and Bright Osayi-Samuel.

    It was not a divided house. It means they were fighting not only for those who are presently in the squad, but some players whose tours have expired or who are not even invited to play for the team anymore or have retired, have gone into silence without the justice of earning their pay.

    The match is scheduled for today but they boycotted training on Tuesday, November 10, promising to return to the field only after the issue would have been resolved.

    Not all the members of the squad were present in the practice session, the only one they had had before the boycott. Well-known forward Ademola Lookman did not report to camp until after that practice session.

    Read Also: Nigeria, UK reaffirm commitment to deepening ties

    Although the issue seems to have been resolved now, as the players have agreed to play today, it is, to say the least, irresponsible that the nation and the squad should be treated to the kind of neglect that brought about the boycott. We are all witnesses to the bumper gifts the president, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, showered on Super Falcons, the female football team for their exploits. The same level of appreciation was bestowed on the basketball maestros, D’Tigress.

    That contrasts with the treatment meted out to the Super Eagles. At stake is not just a football encounter. The Super Eagles, the most popular of Nigeria’s teams of any sport, were even thought a few weeks ago to be out of contention for the World Cup holding in 2026.

    But its performance of late and the permutations of other teams gave Nigeria a chance to play among four teams. That is why we are in Rabat, Morocco, to square off against Gabon. Only one team will qualify. While Nigeria takes on Gabon, Cameroun will hit the turf against Congo. The winner in this designated semi-final encounters will duel for the chance for the big dance.

    All of this was at stake when the players boycotted. We cannot praise the players for their dramatic brinkmanship for striking at that crucial moment, knowing that they have few days of practice and strategy for so crucial a match.

    If they play, they will know that they have to win, or else any failure would be regarded as juvenile overreach for not giving themselves the chance to win. They might have chosen earlier encounters for boycotts. But, in the final analysis, the sports authorities take a lion’s share of blame for this sorry development.