Category: Arts & Life

  • Navigating the unemployment market

    Navigating the unemployment market

    Title: How They Started: Innovative Nigerian Brands
    Author: Kachi Ogbonna
    Reviewer: Collins Nweze

    Entrepreneurship is the heart and soul of every thriving economy. And economies themselves are built by people, who through sustained efforts and keen interest in entrepreneurship develop, build and sustain viable brands.

    How They Started: Innovative Nigerian Brands written by Kachi Ogbonna provides insight into Nigerian business environment and key sectors that drive it as well as the opportunities available for those who play in it.

    The 252-page book, which featured key brands in the technology, internet, entertainment, Learning and development, manufacturing, health and food industries, provides an insight into why many local brands were built, nurtured and sustained in the tough business environment.

    From Slot Systems Limited, Zinox Technologies Limited to Jobberman, insights provided by the author is an indication that Nigerian brands have come to stay.

    The book also looked at the youth unemployment, and how their potentials can be harnessed through entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable economic growth.

    Most of Nigerians are aware that youth unemployment has gone beyond just an economic problem to also become a social problem. The issues of pipeline vandalism, terrorism, electoral violence, kidnapping and sectional agitations are triggered by unemployment.

    Those clamoring for entrepreneurship have also come up with different approaches for tackling this, the most notable of them being skill acquisition. Ogbonna has however done something completely different.  As much as he believes in entrepreneurship and skill acquisition, but in his book, he argues that the solution to unemployment in Nigeria must begin with a fundamental mind shift.

     He believes that Nigerian youths are talented enough to tap into the numerous opportunities that exist in the country, but they must first of all believe that they can.  They must first accept that those opportunities are there because, according to him, no one can feature in a future that he cannot picture. The author is an entrepreneurship and youth consultant.

    From his many years of mentoring young entrepreneurs and growing startups he discovered that the ‘entitlement mentality’ and the ‘blame game’ has become about the biggest hindrance to the realization of the full potential of Nigerian youths. He insists that everyone is ultimately responsible for his or her own success or failure.

    The author argues that the solution to graduate unemployment in Nigeria is not rocket science. He maintains that if the universities can focus more on how to produce job creators rather than job seekers then unemployment will soon become an issue of the past. He insists that each problem in this country provides a great business opportunity for those who are willing to add value to the society.

    In showing how Nigeria has always been a land of opportunities, the author traced how businesses that started decades ago are still waxing strong.  He also gave examples of how other businesses that were launched just about four years ago have grown to become multinationals today.  He profiled 25 innovative brands cutting across different sectors including technology, the Internet, entertainment, learning and development, manufacturing, restaurants, health and transportation.  Through these, he showed that opportunities abound in almost every sector of the Nigerian economy. His efforts in securing one on one interview with the founders of these brands also goes a long way to validate the information in the book. Each of the founders shared his own unique experience of what it takes to start, the challenges faced and how they handled them, how they funded their businesses and most importantly every one of them has words of advice for aspiring entrepreneurs.

    This book couldn’t have come at a better time than a period when the Nigerian economy has plummeted to an incredible low. It couldn’t have been more appropriate than at this time when the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recently reported that 4.3 million jobs were lost in just 10 months. Maybe that is just a mere coincidence, yet government and citizens alike will benefit immensely from the latent force of possibilities the book ignites as we seek to drag ourselves out of the present mess.

    How They Started: Innovative Nigerian Brands provides a very good roadmap for producing a new generation of entrepreneurs who will run the upcoming global brands with roots in Nigeria.

    It is impossible for me not to recommend this book to both the federal government and National Universities Commission (NUC) as a manual for practical entrepreneurial studies across our higher institutions.

  • Genetically modified foods do not cause cancer – DG, NBMA

    Genetically modified foods do not cause cancer – DG, NBMA

    The National Biotechnology Management Agency (NBMA) is an organisation of the Federal Government positioned to regulate and ensure safe use of biotechnology in the country. Since its inauguration, it has faced lots of controversies concerning Nigeria’s readiness for such new technology. In this interview with Olugbenga Adanikin, the NBMA Director-General, Sir Rufus Ebegba sheds some light on activities of the agency and why biotechnology should be adopted, especially for increased food production.

    Can you give a brief summary of the activities of the National Biotechnology Management Agency (NBMA)?

    The establishment of the NBMA specifically is to ensure safety in the application of modern biotechnology ýand to ensure that Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) do not have adverse impact on the conservation

    and serene view of the biodiversity, taking into account the risk to human health. As such, there are so many research institutes in Nigeria. There are about 20 of them; universities, the NBMA and the private sector will be very active in this field. As such, the agency needs to be very proactive. The issue of GMO is a very sensitive matter, so we need to be on top of what we are doing. That is, protecting us to ensure our mandate is achieved and Nigeria gets benefit from that sector safely.

    GMO has been a hot controversy of debates. Some are pushing for its acceptance while others are totally against it. How would you react to this?

    GMOs are derived from technology known as genetic engineering or modern biotechnology. This is a new field that is about 20 years old. There is no doubt that when there is new technology like this; people are

    bound to be worried. However, my only concern is that there is a lot of misinformation by a group of people creating fears in the minds of Nigerians, which indeed is very unfortunate. It is very clear that no individual can pretend to protect Nigerians more than the government. Government has put this agency in place; there is a law and there are procedures for the deployment of the technology followed even before GMOS are consumed or released for any purpose. Risk assessment will be carried out to ascertain whether there are any adverse impacts on health or environment. I expected that anyone who has doubts should visit any relevant government agency like ours to find out what the situation is. Nigerians should also learn to trust the government and the system because a situation where people doubt everything and cast aspersions on government institutions is indeed unfortunate. I think we must avoid this so that Nigerians can take the best advantage of what government has put in place without anybody being hurt. The agency is well positioned to do the job. We have a GM detection lab to analyse any GMO before it is being used for any purpose. We also have well-trained personnel within and outside this country. So with all these in place, I think no one should be afraid of GM foods. More so, GM foods are not manufactured. They are not synthetic materials. They are just normal plants or animals that have been improved upon through technology to achieve a particular purpose. The essence is that you identify a particular gene, or a particular trait, character from any organism and you are able to move that particular gene to another organism, so that that organism

    inherits that trait – that is simply GM.

    How true is the allegation that the Nigerian market is being flooded with GMO?

    GMO that we have presently in the world are not as many as people assumed that they are all GM. We have one that is disease resistant, pest resistant and herbicide tolerant such as maize, soy bean, kanola and cotton. These are the major ones we currently have and the idea that all the Nigerian market is flooded with GMO such as the maize, oranges, mangoes is not true. They are not GM. Though we have what is called GM suspects, particularly those that have been imported from America, Belgium and other countries, but what you have on the streets are not GM. The idea that GM can cause cancer is not right. World organisations such as the World Health Organisation, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Codex body; ý have not found anything hazardous in the use of GMO. Not minding that position, Nigeria will ensure that everything is well tested before they are used for any purpose. Nigerians need not be afraid. The agency is there to protect their interest. We must know too that Nigeria is not in isolation of international communities. Those who feel they have information to give to us should come to the agency; we are ready to listen to everyone. They need to be guided. We must understand that this thing is governed by science, basic and sound science. We don’t just listen to illusions or sentiments ýon issues of bio-safety. Bio-safety is regulated using sound science. We will continue to do what is best for this country. Nigeria’s interest is what its paramount.

    There are reports that other crops cannot survive in about few meters radius of where GM crops are planted?

    Let me just make this clarification. Such allusion is never true. When you modify something that is disease resistant, what has that got to do with the soil? When you modify a crop for nutrient enhancement, what has that got to do with the soil? These are basic things. Even with GMOs like disease resistant and pest resistant, fewer chemicals are used. So it is the chemicals that sometimes, affect the soil and water bodies but when there is less chemicals in the use of GMO, you can be rest assured. It is even more environmentally friendly than most of the conventional crops that you have to use heavy chemicals on. So the idea that it destroys the soil or whatever is close to it is not true. There is no scientific evidence to support it.

    What role does GM play in Nigeria’s drive to increase food production?

    Safe GMO no doubt can be used to develop the agricultural sector, provided it is safe. That is what we project in the NBMA. We are not actually interested in promoting the technology but the safety aspect

    is of importance. We know that with safe biotechnology, we can achieve better productivity in the agricultural sector.

    What’s your position on the alleged wrong issuance of certificate to Mosanto on weekend?

    I have tried to shed light on this when this controversy started but let me use this opportunity. What we did was an effective date from 1st May, 2016. That is what is written there. It is a validity period. There are two applications; the two of them were from 1st May, 2016. Again, when people are appointed in the civil service, they start with 1st of January. That date could be public holiday, Saturday or Sunday. It’s just a period. So the idea of saying we sat down and approved this thing on Sunday….Why should we be hasty in going to work on Sunday because of the approval. This was an application we got from October last year and we took decision in May, 2016. That is about seven months. When that was done, it was put in our website for public knowledge. If it is something we wanted to hide or have some ulterior motive, we won’t put it in the public for the public to know. So in such thing, there was no intention for any malicious act. It is a validity period and effective from 1st of May, 2016.

    How would you describe a situation where different scientists are of different views on GMO?

    In a situation where the whole world is confused, there are authorities who can really clarify issues. The world is no longer in isolation, it’s a global village. We have the United Nations; if the GM foods are harmful as said, do you think the UN will keep quiet and allow people eat them? No. During Ebola crisis, the whole world came together and said we must fight it. It even affected Africa but other parts of the world came together and fought it. The World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are in support. If any scientist has a very faulty result, definitely he would come out with such faulty information and mislead people. Right now, there are sound authorities, about 107 Nobel laureates who faulted those who are misleading people that they are wrong. They asked people to change their mindset and allow people embrace the safe technology. Science is discovery, if people discover wrong information, they will come up with wrong information but there are ways the right information can be discovered.

    What are the precautionary measures?

    Some have argued that there are no precautionary principles in the Act. I don’t understand. The law itself is the precaution Nigeria has taken and content of the law is very clear. Don’t do this if it’s not safe, do this if it’s safe. What else do you want? Do you expect the National Assembly (NASS) to have written precautionary principles? They should read the Act and know that it is very sound and adequate. Nigeria’s law is one of the best. It took about 13 years before it came to light. We did not just sit down, we had various stakeholders meeting. I know they have been looking at the issue of law of thoughts, issue of liability and redress. The Act was very clear, to address matters arising from damages caused by GM foods. They should read the Act. They should not just base their actions on assumption. Nigeria is much advanced even though we are just starting the process. We must not doubt the competence of what Nigerians can gain. Nigeria is even helping the global system to reshape the Catalina protocol in the area of risk assessment. If Nigeria can be recognised by the UN to be involved at that level, why doubt what you have?

    As a man who is faced with these challenges, how do you intend to address the situation?

    What is going on is just a wind that is blowing. It will pass. Nigerians are getting better informed. We will continue to do our best. Nigerians should be patient and seek knowledge from the right source not from the black market.

  • Battered and victimised!

    Battered and victimised!

    For taking part in the mandatory National Youth Service Corps, Temitope Adewewe is now full of regrets, having been a victim of battery from a fellow corps member. But now she is fighting for justice and the seizure of her discharge certificate. Dorcas Egede explores the various angles.

    JUST for refusing to date a fellow youth corps member, Temitope Adedewe’s whole life ambition seems to have run into a cul de sac. First, she was battered, so much so that she lost two teeth and landed in a hospital; then her NYSC certificate was with-held, the effect of which has caused her to miss an opportunity to sit for a scholarship award examination by her Ife National Descendants Association – something which would have opened the gates for her to go further her studies in her choice university in the United Kingdom. Temitope also faces the bleak prospect of not being able to apply for her master’s degree in Nigeria or even get a meaningful job worth her qualification.

    The genesis

    Adewewe’s nightmare began when in June of 2015; a male corps member of the same batch (Batch A 2015/2016), Oluwabusiyi Adeola Bolarinde started making advances at her. She had known Bolarinde from their undergraduate days at the History Department of Obafemi Awolowo University, but said she always stayed away from him “because he was the aggressive type.”

    “The first time I spoke to him was when we were in camp.” Adewewe said. Both however got posted to the same local government and place of primary assignment, giving Bolarinde the opportunity to start pressing her for a relationship.

    “When we got posted to the same school and had to stay in the same lodge, the boy started asking me out. He said he had always liked me even while we were in school but didn’t have the courage to approach me because of my countenance. I told him there and then that I was not interested but he persisted and I in turn insisted.”

    Bolarinde’s persistence soon took a nasty turn, when in December that year, he resorted to insulting Adewewe. With every attempt to woo her failing, he suddenly decided to make her life miserable. “He became very hostile and started insulting me at any given opportunity. Sometimes, I returned the insults and at other times, I just ignored him. This continued until January when things took a worse dimension.

    The unexpected

    It is one thing to rain insults on someone and a completely different thing to get physically abusive. Adewewe was thus totally unprepared for what soon followed.

    “On the 23rd of January at the Corpers’ Lodge of Mary Slessor Technical Secondary School where we both served, Bolarinde suddenly went violent and beat me up. We had just returned from the weekly Community development Service (CDS) three days earlier on the 20th; I wanted to recharge my phone line, but the network told me I had to register my line because my sim had been blocked. Still a stranger in the environment, I asked someone where I could do the registration; the person told me he knew someone who knew the place, not knowing that the person he had in mind was Bolarinde. Of course I refused to go with him, but this person offered to go with us if that would make me feel comfortable. So I agreed and we went.

    “There, they said I had to pay N600 for the registration, but I told the officer I didn’t have that amount of money on me. Just then, Bolarinde said to the man, “Do it for her, I’ll pay, she’s my girlfriend.”

    I immediately refuted the statement, which made the man to start making jest of him that his girlfriend was denying him. He insisted that I was his girlfriend, to which I said ‘Who is your girlfriend? If it’s a joke, stop it.’ I paid the man N200 and left.

    “That was on Thursday. On Saturday, I was sitting in the lodge. By this time, the Batch B corps members had joined us in the house. There were like eight guys. Normally around 5:00 pm, the guys would go out and fetch water. The house was in a very thick bush, so we used to lock our doors early. On this particular evening, we’d already locked the door. I was in the sitting room when I heard a knock on the door, I was scared, I asked who was at the door and the person just responded, “Me.” I insisted the person mentioned his name before I opened the door, which he (Bolarinde) finally did.

    “When I opened the door, he complained that he had been standing at the door all day. He then told me that for all the gragra (resistance) I’d been doing, I only had a day left for him to show me ‘pepper.’ I ignored his threat and told him that if he had gone to fetch water like his male colleagues, he wouldn’t be standing there telling me rubbish. This was around 5pm. Around 7pm, he started sending me threat messages. One of them read, “Let this be the first and last time I’ll knock and you won’t open the door.”

    “I asked who was sending me messages because I didn’t have his number. He then asked me to check his profile picture. When I checked and saw he was the one, I told him never to send me messages again. He started insulting me and I returned the insults. Later I came out of the room to charge my phone. By this time, people had already returned to the lodge and they were discussing in the sitting area. He came in and started cussing in Yoruba, and it was just the two of us that understood what he was saying. The other guy that understood Yoruba was downstairs. Part of what he said was, “Some people think they are fine; that’s why everybody is asking them out and they’re forming.”

    “But I was in no mood to stomach or banter insults, so I left the sitting room and went into my room. The next thing I heard was a kick at the door and Bolarinde came into the room and started beating me with his belt. I screamed and people rushed into the room and pulled him away from me. But before then, blood had already started  oozing out of my face and body because it was the iron end of the belt that he used on me. Someone asked me to go and wash off the blood on my face, but as I was going to the bathroom, he came by and told me he wasn’t done with me yet.

    “For want of something to say, I said ‘So you dare come to my room to beat me with a belt?’But the next thing I saw was a blow to my mouth. For the second time, he started beating me again. There was a hammer on the floor in his room, in a twinkle, he picked it up with his leg and banged it on my mouth. That’s how I lost my teeth. Everything happened so fast. This was around 11pm. It was already too late for me to go to the hospital. In fact, it was later I noticed the bite on my face. I didn’t and still can’t recall the exact time he bit me.”

    Bolarinde’s story

    When The Nation called Bolarinde for his side of the story, his initial response was somehow aloof. “The Nation newspaper? Wow! So, you want to publicise my story, right? Well, when I see official notice to that effect, I will respond sha.”

    This reporter tried to underscore the importance of him giving his side of the story to make for a balanced report. Bolarinde promised to call back because according to him, he was “somehow busy” at the moment and couldn’t speak.

    After waiting for his call to no avail, this reporter placed another call to him, taking more pain to explain why it was in his best interest to give his account of the story, since the other side was going to be published anyway.

    Bolarinde however maintained his position, citing the NYSC code of conduct, which he said does not allow corpers to give audience to the press. He said “I am still a corper because my certificate is still being withheld by the NYSC. I’m also aware that some media houses went to the headquarters to confirm issues there… If I deem it fit to express myself, I probably will.”

    Almost inadvertently admitting that a fracas indeed took place, Bolarinde said, “The thing is just that something happened, yes. The person involved went to report to the authority. Now that… in short, I have nothing to say for now…. You have tried ma, at least I don’t know you and you don’t know me, and you have called on two occasions.”

    Wasn’t Adewewe aware of the ‘code of conduct’?

    Adewewe said she had gone to a nearby hospital the following morning since the incident took place the previous night when it was too late to visit any hospital.

    On reaching the hospital, she recounted, “The nurse asked what happened to me. I explained. She asked me three questions: Are you dating him? Are you sleeping with him? Did you collect money from him? I said no and she insisted I go and get a police report before they begin any treatment, saying that this one has gone beyond normal fighting and that the boy may be in a cult, to have beaten me to the point of using a hammer to remove my teeth and giving me a very big bite on my face. That was how I went to the police station at Arochukwu. Besides, this incident happened in our place of primary assignment and not at the NYSC camp in Umuahia.”

    At the station, Adewewe said the sergeant who took her statement refused to believe her story, insisting that she had to have been in a serious fight to have sustained such kind of injury. To confirm her story, he followed her to the lodge and picked up three corpers who witnessed the incident. At the station, three of them gave the same account, which made him arrest and put Bolarinde in a cell until they were able to reach Mr Ikeagu Valentine, the Local Government Inspector or LI.

    The sergeant who handled the case, in a phone chat with The Nation said they released the corper to the LI immediately, after he pleaded and promised to resolve the matter amicably as a body and give the police a feedback. He added that he has been transferred but that he handed the file to another officer as is expected.

    “Since then, we have not heard anything from them.” He said. “We also learnt that both of them were queried. I really don’t know much about the case again, because we were expecting them to get back to us.

    “We had wanted to charge the boy to court, but the plea of the Local Government Inspector and the decision of the state secretariat to look into the matter made us hands off.

    Adewewe corroborated the sergeant’s story: “When the LI came around, the DPO told him that he was going to charge the boy to court. The LI then told him that it’s an NYSC matter and that it would be better settled by the NYSC. However DPO told him then that it wasn’t just an NYSC matter anymore, since it happened in Arochukwu and the victim (I) could have died in the process with NYSC being far away in Umuahia. He said since the incident happened in his jurisdiction, it behoved him to do something about it. At this point, the L I begged him not to take the case to court, and that they should allow him present it first to the NYSC, and let them find a way of resolving it amicably. The DPO then said the boy should bear the medical bills before being released to the LI that Monday.”

    Thereafter, Adewewe said she wrote her statement and was given a police report to go to the hospital for treatment. She however recalled that on her way to the hospital, “LI called me and said he was giving us query, which we should both respond to, and that if he sent it to the Zonal Inspector (ZI), they would seize the boy’s certificate and not allow him to pass out with us. He said I should allow him comment that we have settled the matter to a good extent and that he had agreed to pay. He implored me not to allow the matter get to the NYSC, that it should just end with the police alone.

    I then said to him, “Sir, you have not even allowed me to get to the hospital to know how much the treatment will cost and you’re already trying to close the case?”

    I couldn’t understand it. But he eventually sent the file to the NYSC state secretariat and commented that everything had been settled.”

    At the hospital, she said an initial cost of N9,500 was incurred while the doctor told her she would have to return after her wound had healed. He said this was so because she would need to have an implant to replace the lost teeth. Adewewe said the total amount she spent was N18,000, covering the hospital bill and transport fare for herself and another corper the LI assigned to follow her, so she would not inflate the medical bills. She said this money was refunded to her.

    Something to hide?

    Fast forward to her next appointment with the doctor, she was told that the implant would cost N300,000 for the two teeth she lost. She reported to the officer handling the case, who requested for the presence of both their parents. At this point, the LI again pleaded that calling for their parents would be taking the matter too far. “LI told the officer to close the case. But the officer said he couldn’t do that unless he was providing a solution, so that if the case resurfaces in the future, they can be able to say this is what they did in their division, not that they would just close it and it would be like they’d collected bribe.

    “Later the officer asked me what the NYSC had done about the case and I told him I had yet to hear from them; and that in fact, the L I had practically closed the case from the very first day. The officer now asked me to take it to the ZI myself, that for the LI to want to bury the case; he must have something to hide. I did as he told me. On reporting to the ZI, he told me that the L I never mentioned that a weapon was involved. He just told him that two people fought, one of them had her teeth removed and that they had resolved the matter.”

    Justice subverted

    But for the police officer’s advice to call the Zonal Inspector’s attention to the matter and her heeding it, the case was as good as closed. Adewewe said when the ZI found out that it was a hammer that was used to remove her teeth; he felt a need to reopen the case. “We were invited to Umuahia to state our sides of the story and it was as if the boy had been trained to twist the whole thing. He lied to the point of saying I was the one who brought a hammer to his room, that my teeth was already paining me, and that he even had someone who could witness to his claims. After he spoke, I was asked to speak, and I did. The LI, whom they said brought a witness, was also seated. I was so surprised.

    “According to those who constituted the panel, Bolarinde’s witness told them that we had been dating and that it was when we got here that we started fighting. Wondering why I hadn’t been told to bring my own witness, I asked if I could also bring one witness, since I had three witnesses, who had testified from the beginning

    To my surprise, Mrs Akuma, one of the NYSC personnel in the state started raising her voice and threatening, “What is it? Do you want them to kill him? Where do you expect him to see N300,000? If it was your husband that did this will you be requesting for money?”

    “She also accused me of taking the matter to the ZI even when the LI was trying to settle it quietly. She said what has happened has happened, and if I do not allow the matter to die down now, she would show me that she’s a woman like me and that I would have her to contend with.

    “Around March, we were again invited to Umuahia, where Mrs Akuma set up a panel and asked us to state our stories again. She then passed judgement that I committed a breech in communication by reporting to the police. Again, I told her I had to because the nurse at the hospital insisted I brought a police report before I could be treated. She said, for that, both of us would face the same punishment. Rudely shocked, I said, “Ma, I’m the one who lost her teeth in this matter, why would you serve me the same punishment as the one who removed my teeth?

    “Mrs Akuma then shared the hospital bill equally between the two of us. She also said we’d both serve extra 21 days, me for breech in communication and the boy for fighting.

    Reacting to the judgment, the sergeant (who handled the case) now turned inspector said, “I don’t know why the state NYSC responded in that manner. Is it a crime for someone who committed an offense to be reported to the police? Do NYSC laws now supersede the laws of the federation?

    “Fast forward to April 14th when certificates were issued, I was not given mine. When I asked why, the LI told me to go to the secretariat. At the secretariat Bolarinde and I were asked to see the state coordinator, Mrs Francesca Ifon, who said she didn’t know about the case earlier, and that if we decided to settle there and then, she would release our certificates to us. She asked us to go and write an undertaking that we would resolve the matter without going to court, and return for our certificates. But by the time we returned to her office, she had left.

    “We saw Mrs Akuma who said she had already transferred the case to Abuja; that the judgment she gave the first time was a mistake. She said she had to wait for a feedback from Abuja. It was as if she was trying to make good her threat to “show me that she is a woman and that I would have her to contend with.”

    Adewewe lamented that Mrs Akuma dismissed her despite telling her she needed the certificate to sit for an examination that would qualify her for a scholarship to study for her masters abroad. “She said she would get back to us whenever Abuja was ready to release the certificates.

    “After a while, I called her and she told me not to disturb her again until she gets a feedback from Abuja. I didn’t call her again, only for me to go to Ibadan last June and meet a colleague who told me that Bolarinde has been given his certificate. A batch B corps member also called to ask me if I’m aware that Bolarinde has started doing his masters at the University of Ibadan. I didn’t believe him initially until I called my own classmate that’s also in Ibadan; he confirmed that it’s true and that he even helped Bolarinde with an assignment recently.

    “I also called the LI that same June to ask how far with the release of the certificate and guess what he told me. He said “I thought they’ve given you people a photocopy of your certificates.”

    “Now how can you seize our certificates and still give out the photocopy? Probably realising he had goofed; he then said he was mistaken. That’s how I put two and two together to know that something was indeed amiss.”

    Mrs Akuma’s hard stance

    When The Nation called Mrs Akuma on the matter, she was quick to fault and condemn Adewewe.

    She said, “Madam, listen to me if you want to get the report right. One other journalist has called me and after speaking with her, she was satisfied with my answer. The NYSC is an organisation, it is not a personal matter, and I’m not a zonal inspector in Arochukwu; I’m just a staff at the secretariat. I head Reward and Discipline. When the case was reported at the secretariat, my director asked me to investigate through what we call the Core Discipline Committee (CDC). First of all both of them were queried, they replied. Then the LI and the ZI were asked to tell us what they know about the case.”

    Asked what the corps members were queried for, she replied, “Madam, that’s why I said if you want to do a good work, come down to Abia State or send your correspondent. Then they can look at their files, see the queries I’m talking about, because this is not a phone matter.”

    Continuing, Mrs Akuma said, “We used the NYSC byelaws to try their case. But because money was involved… first of all, she locked up the other corps member for twenty-four hours without any recourse to the ZI and LI who reside in their community. The boy slept in the cell and had to bail himself. And the same girl is asking the boy to pay her N300,000 for removing her teeth or tooth, I don’t know which one.

    “The boy owned up that he would take care of the hospital bill. She went to the hospital and they told her that replacement should be N150,000, of which we called the boy’s father. He came all the way from Oyo State to plead with the girl to withdraw the case, that he was ready to pay the money. But when we could not convince the girl to forget the case, we forwarded it to Abuja. So, it is the headquarters that will now tell us what to do because money is involved. Both the boy and the girl, none of them has collected their certificate. We forwarded the certificate back to headquarters.”

    Asked when exactly the case was forwarded to headquarters, Mrs Akuma retorted, “ask her now. She knew when she passed out. That was when the case was forwarded to headquarters. And I said madam, if you want to do a good job, come to Abia State and interview some people, because if you people write what is against our laws, well, don’t worry, we’ll meet her at the court…. There are over 40 corps members who are on remobilisation and 25 on extension of service, they have not killed anybody. When they run contrary to the NYSC laws, then the law has to take its course. We judge them by using the byelaws. If you’re not satisfied with my explanation, come down to Abia State.

    Brickwall in Abia

    However, when our Abia State correspondent visited the NYSC office in Umuahia, he said everyone, including Mrs Akuma and the Public Relations Officer refused to comment on the matter. Instead, they told him the State Co-ordinator, Mrs Francesca Ifon was not in town and that she alone could comment on the matter. They also told him the matter has been referred to the Abuja head-office and if he could get in touch with them.

    Women rights group wades in

    Meanwhile, an Osun State based non-governmental organisation, Women Inspiration Development Centre has taken interest in the case. Founder and co-ordinator, Busayo Obisakin told The Nation that while the Local Government Inspector, Mr Ikeagu claimed that the case has been transferred to the Abuja office, Abuja has denied any knowledge of the case. Obisakin is of the opinion that the abuser may have bribed his way if indeed he has been given a photocopy of his certificate to process his admission into the University of Ibadan.

    She said “Adewewe is yet to begin the treatment because her parents cannot afford the cost.”

    Women Inspiration Development Centre is therefore asking a poignant question: Could this then be a case of conspiracy with intent to subvert justice?

    Abuja, ‘certificates not with us’

    Speaking, Mrs Abosede Aderibigbe of the National head office in Abuja initially said she was not aware of the incident. When told that of the hammer incident and how two of the lady’s teeth were removed, she said “that is barbaric.”

     About the withheld certificate and the allegation that the man had been issued a photocopy of his certificate, with which he is now pursuing his master’s degree at the University of Ibadan, she confirmed from the Welfare and Inspectorate Department that the two certificates have not been released.

    Aderibigbe said this is because both of them have not made themselves available for the 21 days extension penalty meted out to them. She said once this is done, their certificates, which are still in Umuahia (contrary to Mrs Akuma’s statement that they are now in Abuja), will be released to them.

    Asked if Bolarinde will be made to pay the medical bill before being issued his certificate (even if he served the punishment), Aderibigbe said she is not aware of any details about money, referring The Nation to the Abia State Co-ordinator, Mrs Francesca Ifon.

    The Nation was however not able to reach Mrs Ifon as at the time of going to press.

  • Reading against depression

    Nigerians were sensitised to the dangers of the scourge of depression recently as an author, Vivian Ikem, blew the whistle on it. She raised this awareness at a special reading from her book, “Shadows in the Mirror: The many Faces of Depression”, at the Quintessence Gallery in Ikoyi, Lagos.

    Having experienced a bout of depression herself, Ikem said that depression is so deadly that one in five people are likely to suffer from it without knowing. She also urged against intolerant conduct towards people who complain about depression because it is as well a medical condition as malaria or typhoid.

    She said: “Ignorance is killing way too many people. Everyone is prone to depression. All it takes is a little trigger. We need to speak out now, without having to wait for it to get bad. We should enlighten people before they end up in the psychiatric ward.”

    While the book reading took on a congenial and jovial bearing, nuggets of informative material prevalently seeped forth from the speakers, including a psychiatric doctor, Ayomide Adebayo, who declaimed extensively on where and how help can be rendered to people suffering from depression at all levels.

    Adebayo rued the reality that people tend to keep mum about issues of suicide instead of tackling the issue and campaigning against depression. He said: “How come people don’t talk about depression? In a statistical situation where one in five people are suffering from depression in one form or the other, it is almost certain that you know at least one person suffering from it. How come you don’t know who they are?”

    He also noted that depression is currently rated as the second most widespread burden disease and is pitched to top that ignominious list by 2020. He explained further that burden diseases are those which impede maximum functionality of individuals in whatever endeavours they pursue.

    He added that the irony was that treatment for depression was not as arduous as many people were given to assume, especially seeing as the drugs usually prescribed for the treatment of depression are cheap and easily affordable.

    The treatment begins with every individual, the practitioner explained. To complement this, Ikem urged individuals to be tolerant and approachable to their friends and anyone who they perceive is depressed. She said: “It takes us going out of our ways to help people. Oftentimes, it is until the damage has been done that people start singing. The important question is what you do when you notice someone in that situation.”

  • The abiding relevance of Erediauwa

    Reviewer: Uzor Maxim Uzoatu
    Title: A Benin Coronation:
    Oba Erediauwa
    Author: Tam Fiofori;
    Publishers: Sun Art: BEP, Lagos

    The Benin Monarchy is a major Nigerian treasure. The respect accorded the Oba of Benin is legendary. The acclaimed photographer, journalist and filmmaker Tam Fiofori who hails from Okrika in Rivers State actually qualifies as a “Benin boy” on account of the many years he spent in the ancient city while growing up under the tutelage of his teacher-cum-civil-servant father. The book, A Benin Coronation: Oba Erediauwa by Tam Fiofori, paints a poetically enchanting picture of the March 1979 crowning ceremonies of Oba Erediauwa as the 38th Oba of the Benin Kingdom. The book was originally slated for publication in March 2004 as a part of the 25th Anniversary of the coronation. Fiofori’s offering is essentially a print documentary and a photo book with explanatory notes. According to Fiofori, “The book’s journalistic format has technically provided for 84 pages of photography featuring about 150 original photographs, accompanied by 72 pages of text; all about the Benin City Coronation ceremonies of Oba Erediauwa as the 38th Oba of the Benin Kingdom, from March 23 to 30, 1979.”

    Chief S.O.U. Igbe, the Iyase of Benin, who wrote the foreword to “A Benin Coronation”, Oba Erediauwa reveals that the author’s father, Emmanuel Fiofori, taught him English at the famous Edo College, Benin City, and equally served as the House Master of Esigie House where he coined the House Motto as “The Best or Nothing”. The Iyase who knew the author from when he was a mere tot writes: “Tam, or Sonny, as the small boy was called in those days, would fill a lot of us Benin people with a sense of inadequacy with this expression of his knowledge of Benin history and his seemingly endless but sincere current of love for the Benin culture. Read his paragraphs on the Benin traditional dances, especially the section on the Ekasa dance, savour his glowing flow of descriptive narrative, and you will realize that these outpourings cannot but be from down his heart. His account of Omo N’Oba’s coronation activities, and the description of the street decorations around Ring Road for the coronation celebrations are simply breathtaking for their beauty and clarity.”

    Tam Fiofori starts his account with fond memories of growing up in Benin City, attending Government School Benin City, and wondering at the nearby Oba Market and the sacred Emotan Shrine. Tam’s father recalls that back in 1947, while at Edo College, he had been given some notes by “some slim fellow from town”, which he edited as the play “The Lamentations of Oba Ovonramwen.” The author undertakes a very insightful rendering of the dynasties of the Benin Kingdom and gives an elaborate account of the 45-year reign of Oba Akenzua II, which started on April 5, 1933.

    Prince Solomon Igbioghodua Aisiokuoba Akenzua, Edaiken of Uselu, was ten years old when his father, Prince G.E.B Eweka, ascended the Benin throne as Oba Akenzua II in 1933. Educated at Cambridge University in England, he distinguished himself as a Federal Permanent Secretary before being crowned Oba Erediauwa in 1979. Oba Erediauwa made his first public appearance in Benin on March 23, 1979.

    Fiofori limns his mastery of symbols of Benin culture, depicting Oba Erediauwa’s March 23, 1979 mid-morning symbolic crossing of the bridge over Rivers Omi and Oteghele. A particularly enthralling chapter is entitled “A New Oba For Old Benin”. The historical duel of Ogiamen and the Oba leads up to the depiction of the armies of the Benin Kingdom and the epochal battle of Eki Okpagha.

    In 2004, some 25 years after the coronation, Fiofori adds an Epilogue that portrays vividly the Silver Anniversary: “From a commemorative football tournament to a thanksgiving service to poetry rendition by a grand-daughter to cultural performances by the young and the old, male and female, the Benin people March 20 to March 27, indeed demonstrated their love for their monarch, Omo N’Oba, N’Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Oba Erediauwa, in celebration of his 25 years of peaceful reign as the 38th Oba of the Benin Kingdom.”

    As the 18th Iyase (Prime Minister) of the Benin Kingdom, Chief SOU Igbe would have it, “Twenty-five years is a long time and we, the Benin people, are happy about a king whose reign has from the very beginning signified peace and plenty for us. Our Oba has been one who has combined knowledge and tradition of his people, with a desire to forge their progress through actual hard work, to ensure that our illustrious cultural heritage is maintained.”

    Tam Fiofori has through his groundbreaking book, A Benin Coronation: Oba Erediauwa, given Nigeria and the rest of the world a timeless study in lofty heritage. The Benin example deserves emulation across civilizations, and Tam Fiofori memorializes it all before our very eyes in bold print and eternal black and white photographs. The recent demise of Oba Erediauwa makes this book a once-in-a-lifetime collector’s item. It is my fervent prayer that Tam Fiofori should have enough copies to go round.

  • An amazon on the move

    An amazon on the move

    Title: Folorunso Alakija Speaks. An Inspira- tional Book for all.
    Author: Folorunso Alakija
    No of pages: 196
    Reviewer: Yetunde Oladeinde

    The book is a collection of the author’s favourite speeches and the motivational messages also takes you into the world of the writer and the things that have helped to shape her personality as well as inspired her through the different facets of her life. The design, layout with photographs and aesthetics make it easy to read.

    It reminiscences to the day when she was conferred as a fellow of the Yaba College of Technology. “The citation that was read about me moved me to tears. Tears, because I never thought in my wildest dream that I could ever be referred to as a virtuous woman. It is an honour that is bestowed on a select few in the world.”

    Some of the important points that the author raises here is that, “For any business, passion is important. This she says is what will drive you and keep you going.” In addition, Alakija stresses that: “You have to be educated and informed about everything concerning the business. Then you can visualize the big picture and focus on it regardless of any discouragement”.

    The other factors, she identifies for success includes: “A good upbringing which is an added advantage. Emphasis also has to be placed on your marital partner and family. Communication and common goals are very important for any successful marriage and above all acknowledge God”.

    Like every other section in the book, there are points of emphasis to motivate the reader. “In as much as people and society turn their backs on widows, God never turns HIS back on them. God has set the foundation, and all of us, on a mission to take care of widows and orphans”.

    Alakija continues: “No matter, better yet in government and there is anything one can do to alleviate the sufferings of the underprivileged, make a difference in their lives, one should do so and the blessings of God will follow”.

    For the author, the gift of empowerment through education should not be taken lightly. “I would like to encourage you all to dream BIG. I dare you all to do as I did. If I can be successful, then you can too. Be innovative! Be this Planet’s greatest achievers who have dared to think big. Being normal will only ensure complacency which is something Nigeria does not need. I am a firm believer in the saying that, ‘what is worth doing at all, is worth doing very well. This would ensure that you stand out of the crowd. ”

    The highpoint here is that, education is critical to world development. “We should always keep our minds engaged by continually studying. Education is a legacy that every parent and aspiring parent should leave for their children.”

    Education, she further stresses is not only about studying books but about enlightening people’s minds to see beyond the moment. Life, according to Helen Keller is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.  “I remember sitting as a graduate of the American College, London and Central School of Fashion, just as you are today excited about my future prospects, but also scared about what was to come. I am sure many, if not all of you, have these thoughts running through your minds right now.

    The additional message from Alakija here is that the efforts of a single individual cannot result into greatness. Greatness can only be achieved when people work together and perform their own roles diligently. Whatever we do, people are out there watching us and we should either be commended or condemned someday. God rewards those who seek God’s face. Never be discouraged”.

    Parents, she advises should always expose their children to the reality of life early.  “You need to be dogged to succeed in life. Let the will of God prevail in your life. There is no limit to what any person can achieve in life. Women should be given the same opportunity as men. It is a worthy cause to help us”.

    Apart from this book, the author also released four other books simultaneously. They include , An inspirational book for Christians, His name is ……over 2000 names of my God, Wish for it, Pray for it, Scriptures for wives:  Wish for it, Pray for it: Scriptures for husbands , Wish for it, Pray for it: Scriptures for parents.

     

  • I encountered prose early

    I encountered prose early

    Mature Tanko Okoduwa is a poet, playwright, critic, historian and artist. A former National Assistant General Secretary and General Secretary, Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA). He obtained BA and MA in arts from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He has authored several books. He is also an award winning poet. He spoke to Edozie Udeze, on his style, his inspiration and what makes him an outstanding writer.

    What sorts of books do you like most?

    I like poetry books the most. I read a lot of poems, prose and plays in this order. I read biographies, autobiographies and essays.

    When you read a book, what are the salient things you look out for most?

    Do I look out for salient things? I don’t think so, because If I do, I might end up being disappointed. Maybe, I love the imaginative form of writing. This type of writing helps me to think – grasp – grapple with a lot of things.

    Who are your favourite authors in the world and why?

    There are so many of them: Leo Tolstoy, Anton Pavolovich Chekhov, Abram Tertz (Andrei Sanyavsky), Giovanni Verga, Pablo Neruda, Christopher Okigbo, Chinua Achebe, Toni Morrison, Wole Soyinka etc.

    When and where do you like to read and what time and why?

    I can read anywhere, and anytime of the day, especially if it is poetry. For prose, biographies and autobiographies, I prefer to do my readings at night, or between the hours of 12midnight to 3am. And if I am alone, and the book is interesting, I might not drop it except to occasionally eat, and continue with the book.

    What is your preferred literary genre?

    Like I mentioned in the beginning it is poetry. Poetry, anytime, anyday. Maybe, because I encountered prose early in life. But for poetry, since I met her, you know, it is like for better for worse, till death do us apart.

    What book or books have had a greatest impact on you and why?

    Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Die Nigger Dieby Rap Brown and The Autobiography of Malcolm X. These books opened my eyes to the hidden truth, the reality of man and his existence in this planet called earth.

    As a child what books tickled you most?

    I spent my formative years in the eastern part of Nigeria, so I read and loved Eze goes to School by Onuora Nzekwu, Chike and the River by Chinua Achebe and The Burning Grass by Cyprain Ekwensi.

    At what point in your life did you begin to nurse the idea of becoming a writer?

    I first tried my hands on playwriting and acting in secondary school when I wrote an adaptation of Everyman. Serious writing started at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Room B2, 207, Alvan Ikoku Hall, towards the end of 1997. For me, that was when I started to think of being a writer, or living like a writer.

    How has writing shaped or reordered your life?

    Writing has made me more of a thinker, a philosopher, one who tries to look at life from the unfamiliar angle. Writing has given me self confidence. I write what I want and how I want it. The most important way writing has helped to shape my life is in the area of time. Time for me is the essence of everything, because it can never be regained when lost.

    If you meet your favourite author face to face what would you like to ask him/her?

    I have never dreamt of meeting them. But if I do meet any, I might not ask him anything. If there is, then I have not read the book well enough.Since my love for them started with their books, it has always ended with the books. I had all the opportunities to meet ChinuaAchebe, but I never did.

    Of the plays you’ve read which character struck you most?

    Lakunle, in Wole Soyinka’s the Lion and the Jewel.

    What book do you plan to read next?

    Orlando by Virginia Woolf

    How do you arrange your private library?

    I try to arrange them according to genres, for easy accessibility.

  • Juju music in the eye of history

    Juju music in the eye of history

    From I.K Dairo’s refreshing contribution, to King  Sunny Ade and Chief Commander Ebenezer Obey, the legendary ying-yang of Juju music, Dami Ajayi traces the evolution of a genre which spanned the oil boom of the 70s as well as the 90s, a draconian period of economic austerity occasioned by military rule in Nigeria

    T he night had begun harmlessly like many busy nights are wont to. I was already in bed at 10 p.m, two hours after dinner, engaging in banter I knew will end mid-way, with me drifting off. Just as sleep was kicking in, a phone call disrupted things and less than one hour later, I was driving down to a nightclub on the Island in the company of a few friends.

    The situation that required urgent nocturnal intervention was the matter of a visiting Cameroonian friend yet to satisfactorily explore Lagos night life and he was due to leave in a few days. A few friends and I thought it will be inappropriate for him not to have a feel of Lagos nights. The music and myth—and what you read in Playboy Magazine—are not quite enough to have a full grasp of the inexhaustible Lagoon city.

    It is 5 a.m and we are outside a nightclub in Victoria Island. Drenched in sweat, we are carrying the club’s stench with us. We had different ideas as to our next destination. There was a camp of hungry people considering a hot breakfast of Amala and Abula. And there were those who wanted to return to the warmth of their beds. In spite of the thinning dark sky, the clouds were heavy and a humid wind foretold an early Saturday morning downpour.

    Moments later, we were walking into the street opposite Club 57 at Awolowo Road Ikoyi. A vibrant sound erupting from a live band led our footsteps. The place was called 100 Hours and in that early hour of the morning, it was living up to its name, jamming some proper juju music. The culprits of the sound was an all men band led by a female singer sitting on bar stool and crooning a cover of one of King Sunny Ade’s hit songs.

    Warm seats welcomed us and an efficient clearing of our table full of bottles informed us that those we replaced might have just left. A blue scrawl on a white board introduced the band to us: Ayo Balogun and the Harmonic Voices.

    They were clearly a disciplined band, hitting drums, strumming guitars and parting songs with such vibrancy even though they must have been performing for close to six hours. Ayo Balogun did not look like a 58 year old, sometimes she stands to stylishly stretch her feet and at other times dances to give sublime instructions to her band.

    She was playing Juju music and her set-list was clearly unrehearsed as improvisation was key.  In doing covers of different popular juju and highlife songs, her approach was heavy on fast-rhythm percussion and the weakest link of the rhythm seemed to be the pianist. In between the bawdy juju lyrics that glibly described voluptuous bodies and promises of sexual satisfaction, she would sing gospel songs of thanksgiving.

    My friends including the drowsy ones were alive once again and they remarked, whilst we waited for our order of amala and gbegiri soup, that this would have been a more rewarding experience than a night of hip-hop and dance. One glance around the bar reveals that the patrons comprised mostly of folks in their forties or on the wrong side of thirties at the very least.

    One cannot contest that the new wave of hip hop music is quite sweeping and its consequences on other music genres, especially indigenous ones, is almost parasitic. However this statement is remarkably inaccurate in a sense especially if one remembers the timeline of Nigerian music production and the hiatus between the reggae-inflected boom of the 80s to the resounding silence of the 90s occasioned by the military rule and its attendant censorship.

    In a newspaper interview, Queen Ayo Balogun who was then the president of the Juju Musician Association at time of the interview corrects some notion about the perceived fetishness of juju music ascribed to its name. Juju, to the layman, is voodoo or jazz. The mere mention of juju may bring to the mind, frenzied incantations, craven images as well as other fetish paraphernalia. Ayo Balogun opined that Juju music had nothing to do with voodoo or black magic; that it rather had everything to do with making music that speaks to social conscience and good citizenry.

    The origin of the name juju is an interesting one. Early juju musicians played an array of instruments majorly drums, guitars and their voices. It was not unusual for singers to sing and beat the tambourine. And sometimes in the heat of the groove, they would throw their tambourines high in the air and catch. The translation of the verb throw in Yoruba is “ju” and Yoruba, being a tonal language, repetition is often used to lay emphasis, hence the doubling of the verb throw which is “juju”. This brand of music derived its name from the showmanship of performers who beyond singing throws the tambourine with the view to catch and thrill the crowd. Although the tambourine is not much a consequential instrument tied to the sound of juju music as a whole, it also gives insight to the roots of juju music especially in the early African church.

    Juju music is believed to be a syncretism, a marriage between traditional practices and western instruments like highlife and in some places, it is believed to be highlife. The idea that highlife is actually a genre of music on its own is quite bothersome, especially as it is more of an aesthetic than it is a definitive sound. After the influential West African tour of Ghanian Highlife maestro, E.T Mensah in the 1950s, it became possible to musicians that a cocktail of their culture can be made using western instruments and highlife music of this era could be identified by the substrate of the culture from which it was drawn. The highlife of the Ijaws is markedly differently from the Yorubas and the Igbos too had their own sound.

    In this same vein, juju music could easily be referred to as the south-western Nigeria’s derivative of highlife but again this declaration is problematic in its simplicity. Juju’s early precursors—ashiko as well as agidigbo—did not so much as have western influences in their sound. Those sounds remain distinctive today, even if its practitioners are aged and dying off.

    It will not be unusual today to draw blanks when you mention the name I.K Dairo. The more likely response will be to mistake the father for his son, Paul Play Dairo, a decent Nigerian rhythm and blues singer who has scored quite a number of hits remaking some of his father’s old tunes.

    Forty plus years after the Nigerian civil war and the boom of Juju music (along with oil sales in Nigeria),  the juju superstars that linger on our lips are King Sunny Ade(KSA)  and Chief Commander Ebenezer Obey, both  one-time apprentices of Moses Olaiya, the musician/comedian, and Fatai Rolling Dollar, the agidigbo music maestro respectively.

    Their musical journey was that set for greatness even though they started from a humble scratch. King Sunny Ade, born into both royalty and poverty in Ondo Kingdom, had a love for music so intense that he was more willing to sing than to get a western education. His sojourn to Lagos led him to the highlife band of Moses Olaiya. He would break away from this apprenticeship to start his own band, first called Green Spots band, a name curiously reminiscent of the influential I.K Dairo. Ebenezer Obey’s journey is quite similar, even though it began about five years earlier than Sunny’s ; his apprenticeship with Fatai Rolling Dollar’s band culminated in his forming the International Brothers who became the Inter-reformers after they switched their initial style of music from juju-highlife to the definitive juju that characterized Obey’s oeuvre.

    As time would have it, the rise of juju music coincided with the oil boom of the 70s, so that praise singing became a prominent aspect of the music. This ensured that KSA as well as Chief Commander, honey-tongued griots, became not only superstar musicians but millionaires. Hugely talented and prolific, it is best to imagine them as the ying-yang of juju music. Whilst KSA is the graceful entertainer with nimble feet, Obey’s music is more reflective and philosophical—both are accomplished guitarists. As one would expect of music made for dance, KSA’s music is sometimes fast-paced and suffused with innuendoes that conflate dancing prowess with sexual activities. Obey’s closest attempt to a booty call was from his early numbers and his most successful love song, Paulina is at once a sultry appeal and a lover’s prayer.

    If the 70s was for oil boom and mirth-making, the 80s was a very unsettling period in Nigeria’s politics and economy, fraught with coups and countercoups. Music and precisely juju music was one of the casualties of this era, the tune of the music moved away from merriment to more reflective and meditative themes, however this was after KSA signed a deal with Island Records. In the wake of Bob Marley’s death, Island Record’s attempted to raise yet another global superstar and the easy charm and charisma of KSA had drawn them to his sound which they re-engineered into a sonic masterpiece which became characteristic of King Sunny Ade’s music. It is this remake that Rolling Stone Magazine referred to as “gently hypnotic, polyrhythmic mesh of burbling guitars, sweet harmony vocals, swooping Hawaiian guitar, and throbbing talking drums”

    Names like Dayo Kujore, Mico Ade, Dele Taiwo cluttered the juju musicsape in the 90s, a draconian period of economic austerity occasioned by military rule. In the face of unrestrained hunger and hardship, by all means, culture is one of the early casualties. In this period ironically, juju music enjoyed the fresh breath of Sir Shina Peters(SSP). His triad albums Ace, Shinamania and Dancing Time were so successful in southwestern Nigeria that the widespread popularity trekked to Midwestern states and dared to cross the River Niger!

    Shina Peter’s strategy to the juju of his forebears was quite enthralling. As with every genre of art, individual talent and insight was important and what Mr Peters did differently was to quicken the pace of juju music with a column of heavy percussion like the music had never had. His nimble feet and love for sexual innuendo was very reminiscent of King Sunny Ade but his percussion pattern was deliberately different. Even his snare drummer brought a distinctive sound that juju had never known. His percussion seemed to aspire to American rock music and Shina did not pursue this sound with guitar strums; he had little interest in the Hawaiian guitar that KSA had brought into juju music presumably after his contact with the sonic alchemy of Island Records. Shina Peters would go on to release a slew of albums and notably his climax was after “Dancing Time” with a music video with video clips of his huge concert at the Obafemi Awolowo University.

    Since SSP, juju music has seemingly remained stagnant as a genre. The entire 90s did not produce one single enduring juju artist. By the mid-80s, fuji music was already growing in prominence. Fuji music finding its early origin in the wake-up music of the ajisaari amongst moslem Yorubas wrestled the baton of popularity with juju music. Interestingly, fuji music is the closest in equivalence to American hip-hop music. For one, fuji music was bereft of that subservience to forebears that juju embraced so tightly; young fuji turks were more Faulkerian in their attitude  to the reigning masters and even though fuji was not as sophisticated as juju in sound, it was widely embraced across South Western Nigeria.

    That juju music has not produced a single influential practitioner since SSP is a reason to assume that the genre has remained stagnant for about two decades. This does not take away from the continual practice of this style of music by local bands and even by its former practitioners, or the thousands of LPs of the albums churned out still enjoying its fanatic audience till date, or that new school practitioners of afrobeats are pinching from the music and taking the substrate to their sonic laboratories to develop something which is at best referential.

     

  • Yes, we live on dumpsites

    Yes, we live on dumpsites

    Dumpsites are best for what they connote, dumps and refuse; at best rodents and other crawling animals and pests. But a peep out of car or bus rides past the numerous dumpsites around Lagos and other major city centres in the country always reveals shacks and movements suggestive of residential activities, raising questions about whether humans also live on these sites. Gboyega Alaka visited some of these dumps in Lagos to satisfy his curiousity.

    It’s a Tuesday at the massive Igando refuse dumpsite along Isheri-Igando Road. The dump, which ironically is a stone’s throw from the Igando General Hospital, will qualify as one of the largest in the Lagos city centre – probably second only to the Olusosun Dumpsite near Ojota. As a visitor, the thick stench greets you from afar, and you involuntarily reach for your handkerchief to cover your nose. But soon, you realise that it is an effort in futility, as the odour still manages to stream into your nostrils. The only solution, you figure, is if you could stop breathing while you are there. Gosh!

    As you get into the dumpsite proper, you behold all sorts of people- scattered in twos, threes and more; and perpetually in motion. Scavengers are all over, rummaging in the filth and picking stuffs. Well, to them waste is not filth, but wealth. The self-righteous environmental health workers and doctors can go to hell with all their noise about diseases and health hazards. Waste disposal trucks drive in literally every ten minutes, raising huge filthy dust and causing everyone including this reporter to scamper to safety each time. Men of the Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) are all over the place – some in the orange or yellow overall uniform, some not, but bearing that air of authority, taking stock, issuing orders and generally organising proceedings.

    Meanwhile, all sorts of commercial activities are underway, including food vending. The women, some nursing mothers with their babies, some with their entire nuclear family (schools are on holiday and the kids come to help their mums at work), sit comfortably atop the mountains of refuse, selling foods ranging from rice and stew, to bread, beans, pastries, soft drinks of various brands, pure water, biscuits and candies. And they are never short of customers, not for once. One young man in ‘rags’ – his work clothes, is seen gulping a plate of rice, beans and stew. Another is just rounding off a duel with bread and beans, and washing it down with a bottle of soft drink.

    The mission this afternoon is to seek out Nigerians living on this dumpsite and several others in the city of Lagos, if indeed there are. But it seems lots of revelations await this reporter. Besides, to get them, one has to be methodical, rather than brash. Mrs Sherifat (not real name), a middle-aged woman was the first to consent to an interview. This was after two other traders and a couple of scavengers had excused themselves. Sherifat sells bread, soft-drinks, water and biscuits. She said she decided to pitch her tent on the dumpsite in spite of a possible health implication and what people would say, because “there is peace of mind here. If we choose to sell in the open market or roadsides, government officials would come with their endless tickets and dues or even chase us away (in the case of roadside). But here, we don’t experience anything like that.”

    She admits that sales is not bad, but in the typical Yoruba fashion wouldn’t provide direct answers to questions on whether she makes enough to take care of her needs.  “It is not what we sell that we eat or use to take care of our needs,” was her reply.

    About her health and that of her little baby, whom she was cuddling, while attending to customers, Sherifat momentarily switched roles with this reporter and asked: ‘Since you’ve been standing here, have you perceived any smell? … You only perceive smell or odour when a truck is just offloading its content, and once that is over, it is blown away. Some of us here are even healthier than people selling on the streets and markets.”

    This discussion momentarily brought to mind the image of a young nursing mother with her baby strapped to her back walking past the dump, as this reporter approached. She had quickly covered her nostrils with thick clothing as the truck stirred thick, filthy dust into the atmosphere. Surprised that she made no effort to protect her baby, this reporter involuntarily asked, “You have covered your nostrils, but what about your baby?”

    Sensing that the time was right, The Nation asked Sherifat if some of the workers sleep on the dumpsite. But she looked surprised and asked, “Who’ll sleep on a dump? I don’t know about that. Once the day is over, people take their bath – you can see people selling water in those dark drums; change clothes and go to their various homes.”

    Adesewa Tobiloba, a young high school leaver who says she decided to sell pure water to workers on the dump to make some money while waiting for her results, however told this reporter that people indeed ‘live’ on the dumpsite. Pointing in a direction in the horizon, she said, “When it’s evening, some of the men you’re seeing retire to somewhere there to sleep.” She said most of those who sleep there are northerners, whose nearest abode is Katangwa, a Hausa-dominated market settlement on the outskirt of Lagos. Most of them according to her choose to reside there for a while, and go back to their permanent abode whenever they want to rest or take time off the dump work.

    An attempt to however chat with a group of Hausa men nearby proved abortive. Tobiloba said they barely speak a word of English. Trying to communicate to them through her also met a brickwall, as they clearly indicated their unwillingness to talk.

    Unknown to this reporter however, news had gone round that a nosey reporter was on the site interviewing people. From nowhere, a stocky middle-aged man approached him as he made to speak with another group of people, pointing aggressively at him and beckoning on another tall huge fellow: “This man, they said he is interviewing people! Who gave him permission? Tell him to delete all the interviews and pictures!” he bellowed.

    Ooops! The bubble burst. They threatened to seize this reporter’s android phone and insisted he went to the LAWMA office at one of the dump’s entrance to get permission. There, the female officer on ground insisted he went to the office at Alausa. Sensing he is being shoved onto the same old familiar road that leads to nowhere, this reporter excused himself and left. After all, this isn’t the only dumpsite in Lagos.

    Luck however smiled on him when he met a lone scavenger approaching from the Isheri end of the expressway, well away from the view of anybody on the dumpsite. The young man who gave his name as Kabiru, said indeed some of them actually sleep in little sheds and shacks somewhere around the dump. He said he only joined them recently courtesy of another friend who works on the site. He confessed that it’s literally free, so the problem of paying rent and any other dues does not arise. They also find it safer. “Which armed robber will think of going to rob people on a dumpsite or attempt to rob them in their filthy work clothes?” He asked.

    Also, he noted that the problem of transportation is out, since they mostly ‘live’ where they work.

    About sickness, he said: “Walahi, I don’t fall sick. In fact, I have never fallen sick before, except for the usual body pain and headache, which comes with working very hard from morning till night, and fatigue.”

    A bit perplexed by this reporter’s line of questions, he asked in his poor English and Hausa accent: “But wait o. Wetin I dey ask for me for all these questions for? Abi government want give us house?”

    From his ability to communicate and even negotiate, you could tell that Kabiru, who said he hails from Gombe State, must have lived down south for quite a while. He also did not agree to talk until this reporter had parted with his N200 note, purportedly for his lunch.

    He also did not allow his picture taken, retorting almost aggressively: “Ahn ahn, wetin I want take am for my photo for?”

    Achakpo. Once upon a dump

    Until former Military governor of Lagos State, Col. Buba Marwa took interest in the site and liberated it, Achakpo Dumpsite on Achakpo Street; Ajegunle was probably the most notorious site to behold in the whole of Lagos. Horrible, putrefying and impassable, Achakpo was as bad as they came. At a point the huge mass of waste was literally threatening to submerge the buildings nearest to it. To make matters worse, two primary schools were situated next to it, leaving one to wonder how kids and staff in those schools managed to survive the horror of the time.

    Today, Achakpo is no more – largely. Huge residential buildings, a government model nursery and primary school, a hotel, a restaurant and football viewing centre and even a tarred road leading inward have taken positions, leaving only the old dirty canal that has been there since time immemorial. The relics of the dump however remain. On the bank of the old canal, in what may be as long as 500-metre stretch, still remain a mini-dump and a long stretch of shacks and deposits of used plastics and scrap irons. The shacks are made largely of used tarpaulin, thick polythene coverings that had obviously been disposed by the original users, and planks. The stretch is also a beehive of activities, with youths and young men perpetually in motion; some busy, some not so busy and some lounging. Music, mostly of Hausa origin, streamed from small transistor radios from tea-joints, sweet kiosks and sheds.

    One of the boys, Usman said he works as a scrap collector and sleeps in one of the shacks. He doesn’t see anything wrong in that and even revealed while laughing that he shares the shack with two other guys.  Does he pay rents? He said no and that their bosses take care of that. Theirs is to scavenge for plastics and irons, get paid their stipends and get on with their lives.

    Garba

    Garba is the acclaimed head of what is left of the Achakpo dump. He looked quite energetic, though most probably in his mid-fifties, but a bit unassuming.

    He said the main activity going on there is collection and sales of scrap, plastics and all sorts of reusable wastes. He has been working and earning a living on the dump since 1984. That would be in the thick of the better forgotten years of Achakpo. But he doesn’t live on the site. “I live around Boundary (the major entry terminal to Ajegunle). I have two wives and eight children.  I come here to buy market during the day and return to my house in the evening. But some of the boys who work as pickers (scavengers) live here. Some of them (pointing to a group of boys chatting away in Hausa behind him) work for me.”

    He explained that “These are boys who have nowhere else to go and are just happy to have somewhere to lay their heads at night. They go out to pick scrap and used plastics. Most of them cannot afford to rent or pay regularly for a room or any kind of apartment. That is why they sleep here. You will agree with me that it even suits them because they won’t have to be looking for money for transportation. On a bag of plastic, they only make N200 or N250 and that may take them a whole day, sometimes more. Calculate it; how much does that amount to?”

    What if it rains big? This reporter asked, since the shacks looked really vulnerable.

    To this, Garba simply said: “Big rain does not disturb. They cover the roof with tarpaulins and nylon (used polythene wraps).”

    About fears of illness, he said, “Nothing like that. Occasional headache, yes. Fever, yes; but who doesn’t fall sick? We do not have anything like cholera, dysentery.”

    Garba also revealed that government officials do not disturb them. They’ve been there before, but that’s in the past now, as they’ve been to their offices to settle with them.

    And of the land owners, the Oluwa family, who are the traditional owners of the place, Garba said “They used to come here to claim their entitlements, but they no longer disturb us. They are our friends now. We are more or less the same.”

    How about their families – wives and children? Don’t their children get embarrassed in school that they live on a dumpsite? Garba said: “There is nothing like that. Most of the boys are single, and the ones who are married have their wives and children up north. The wives take care of their farms, while the children go to school and assist their mothers.”

    Bashir from Katsina is another scrap wholesaler, who spends most of his time on the Achakpo dumpsite. Like Garba, he also has boys working for him, about 30 of them, he said. He pays them on commission for products supplied, but they live with their friends on the dump.

    He said they pay rent to the council, but would not be able to give details, since he’s in a hurry to go for his noon prayer. He however corroborated Garba’s statement that government officials do not disturb them.

    Bashir has a wife and four children, who are all in the village up north.

    Two of the boys agreed to speak (again after collecting a ‘bribe’ of five hundred naira), but communication once more constituted a huge impediment, such that only one, who gave his name as Shehu proved useful.

    Shehu in his laboured Pidgin English said he is from Arewa (Northern Nigeria); he did not go to school, save for a spell at a makaranta (an informal Arabic school). He found himself in Lagos after hitch-hiking on a Lagos bound cargo truck. And having nothing else to do and nowhere to go, he finally found himself at the dump courtesy of some fellow Hausa boys, whom he met while wandering about and looking for just anything to do to find food.

    Today, he counts himself lucky. He said “I make enough money to feed. Sometimes, I make like five thousand naira in a month. I also collect refuse, using a rented cart and make some extra money.”

    He however confessed that “The job is really hard. It requires real hardwork and we still barely make enough to feed. The good part is that we don’t have too many bills to pay. When it’s time to bath, we can bath in the open at night or bath in the public bath there. We pay 30 naira.”

    As for feeding, he said food is available once you have money. On the suggestion that he should cook sometimes, he laughed and said “It is someone who has a real house that can think of cooking.”

    On possible health hazards from the environment, he again laughed and said: “”We don’t fall sick. You’re just looking at the place like this, there really is nothing dangerous.”

    30 naira a bath

    Somewhere along the stretch of shacks is a public bath and toilet, deliberately constructed for the purpose. The initiator must be someone with a knack for opportunities, you could tell. Even as this reporter walked past, a couple of men were seen going in or out of the bathroom, while one was fetching borehole water to do his laundry. A Yoruba woman, who mans the facility said the people who live on the stretch are mostly Hausas and people from the northern part of the country, who are mostly scavengers, refuse collectors and dealers. She said the bath is a facility devised by his boss to service the essential needs of the residents, knowing that there will always be need to relieve oneself and bath. She said the fees charged range between N30 and N50, but would not disclose the average income grossed daily or the identity of the owner. That, she said, is sensitive information she doesn’t have permission to divulge.

    She it was, who referred this reporter to Garba, when it appeared (to her) like she was being pressed for too much information.

    Isolo: A dump or International market?

    Like Achakpo, the Isolo dump is supposed to be a former dumpsite. But while the former has translated largely into a residential area and almost unrecognisable; the dump at Isolo remains largely a dump. More ridiculous is the fact that it is now called an international market, named after the monarch of the town, Oba Kabiru Adelaja.

    Aside the fact that refuse are no longer being deposited there, practically no effort has been made to evacuate the site or fill it up to erase the horrible sight of the past. A walk through the bed of rubbish however revealed that the place is now more or less a community of its own, with people literally residing there, and various commercial activities taking place simultaneously. The place looks like anything but a market; more like a community on refuse dump, a shanty city. Probably to prevent methane gas and odour emitting from the marsh of refuse beneath, most of the floor of the dump is covered with thick rugs. Kiosks and shacks are scattered all over and most of the people appear more like dwellers than sojourners who have only come to do business. Save for heaps of scrap, plastics, a goat section and pockets of canteens and mallam sweet stores, little commercial activities seemed to be going on.

    One man, probably in his twenties, who looked quite at home in shorts and singlet, told this reporter that a good number of them live “in the market.” He said they sleep wake, work or go to work to mostly scavenge for scrap and used plastic and retire there. He said he hopes to get a room once he is able to raise good money and move out soon, but has to make do with the shack on the dump, which he said he shares with some other guys. “Or do you have any other place for us to stay?” He asked.

    When asked if they pay rent, he referred this reporter to the head of the market, one Seriki. He said they have two serikis, one for the Hausa group and another, a Yoruba, who is the overall head of the ‘market’.

    The Seriki, a tall, huge man and the Iyaloja (female market head) were in a meeting with two gentlemen, whom the Seriki promptly introduced as the heads of the scrap dealers, who operate in the market.

    In deference to the Oba, who appointed them, he and the Iyaloja would not give their names, but told The Nation that the place is now a market, Oba Osolo International Market. They both denied that people live in the market.

    “Nobody lives here. It is the boys that scavenge that sleep here but their bosses have their homes from where they come to work and return at the end of the day.  Here, we have scrap dealers, goat sellers, plastic scavengers. The two people we’re holding meeting with at the moment are their leaders. Besides, the job the scavengers are doing is vital to the ‘Keep Lagos clean’ mantra of the Lagos State government.

    Asked if government health officials visit the place, the Iyaloja said “Health officials come here regularly; even people from the Ministry of the Environment” – a tacit declaration that they’ve been give clean bill of health.

    Because this reporter had also seen pockets of young men wrapping and smoking marijuana in a corner in the ‘market,’ he poked a question about hooliganism. Don’t trouble erupt from time to time? With so many young men from different backgrounds, isn’t the place prone to acts of hooliganism?

    Again the Iyaloja replied. “In truth, there are pockets of disturbances from time to time. But the people who smoke hemp or cause trouble are not the workers here. The Hausas, who are mainly into scavenging, are law-abiding. But we call in the police whenever there is any need. The police raid the market from time to time to flush out the criminals and ensure that the place is under control. Even this morning, the police have been here. We work hand in hand with the DPO to ensure that everything is under control.

    Michael Afolayan

    Chairman of the scrap dealers in the market, Michael Afoloyan corroborates both market leaders position that people don’t live permanently in the market.

    He said, “Some people sleep here, but not every day. Only when they stay late or those whose houses are as far as Ogun State or other remote parts of town. Some of them work for three, four days or a week and then go home to rest. So they mostly stay out of fatigue or to save cost.”

    Asked if they don’t fall sick, Afolayan said “People take care of themselves. They use mosquito nets. People fall sick everywhere; even in the comfort of their homes. If a man will be sick, he will be sick. It doesn’t matter where he lives.”

    Salisu, the head of the goat dealers said most of the boys who work with him come and go. “I have six boys working with me, but at the moment, they’ve gone to the village to farm. As for me, I live on Ibere Street, in Isolo here, although my wife and son are back home in Kaduna as we speak.”

  • An amazon on the move

    Title: Folorunso Alakija Speaks. An Inspira- tional Book for all.
    Author: Folorunso Alakija
    No of pages: 196
    Reviewer: Yetunde Oladeinde

    The book is a collection of the author’s favourite speeches and the motivational messages also takes you into the world of the writer and the things that have helped to shape her personality as well as inspired her through the different facets of her life. The design, layout with photographs and aesthetics make it easy to read.

    It reminiscences to the day when she was conferred as a fellow of the Yaba College of Technology. “The citation that was read about me moved me to tears. Tears, because I never thought in my wildest dream that I could ever be referred to as a virtuous woman. It is an honour that is bestowed on a select few in the world.”

     Some of the important points that the author raises here is that, “For any business, passion is important. This she says is what will drive you and keep you going.” In addition, Alakija stresses that: “You have to be educated and informed about everything concerning the business. Then you can visualize the big picture and focus on it regardless of any discouragement”.

    The other factors, she identifies for success includes: “A good upbringing which is an added advantage. Emphasis also has to be placed on your marital partner and family. Communication and common goals are very important for any successful marriage and above all acknowledge God”.

     Like every other section in the book, there are points of emphasis to motivate the reader. “In as much as people and society turn their backs on widows, God never turns HIS back on them. God has set the foundation, and all of us, on a mission to take care of widows and orphans”.

     Alakija continues: “No matter, better yet in government and there is anything one can do to alleviate the sufferings of the underprivileged, make a difference in their lives, one should do so and the blessings of God will follow”.

    For the author, the gift of empowerment through education should not be taken lightly. “I would like to encourage you all to dream BIG. I dare you all to do as I did. If I can be successful, then you can too. Be innovative! Be this Planet’s greatest achievers who have dared to think big. Being normal will only ensure complacency which is something Nigeria does not need. I am a firm believer in the saying that, ‘what is worth doing at all, is worth doing very well. This would ensure that you stand out of the crowd. “

    The highpoint here is that, education is critical to world development. “We should always keep our minds engaged by continually studying. Education is a legacy that every parent and aspiring parent should leave for their children.”

    Education, she further stresses is not only about studying books but about enlightening people’s minds to see beyond the moment. Life, according to Helen Keller is either a daring adventure or nothing at all.  “I remember sitting as a graduate of the American College, London and Central School of Fashion, just as you are today excited about my future prospects, but also scared about what was to come. I am sure many, if not all of you, have these thoughts running through your minds right now.

    The additional message from Alakija here is that the efforts of a single individual cannot result into greatness. Greatness can only be achieved when people work together and perform their own roles diligently. Whatever we do, people are out there watching us and we should either be commended or condemned someday. God rewards those who seek God’s face. Never be discouraged”.

    Parents, she advises should always expose their children to the reality of life early.  “You need to be dogged to succeed in life. Let the will of God prevail in your life. There is no limit to what any person can achieve in life. Women should be given the same opportunity as men. It is a worthy cause to help us”.

     Apart from this book, the author also released four other books simultaneously. They include , An inspirational book for Christians, His name is ……over 2000 names of my God, Wish for it, Pray for it, Scriptures for wives:  Wish for it, Pray for it: Scriptures for husbands , Wish for it, Pray for it: Scriptures for parents.