Category: Opinion

  • Self-leadership and new year resolutions 

    Self-leadership and new year resolutions 

    By Ekpa Stanley Ekpa

    To keep track of time, many societies around the world developed their calendars as a way to ensure certainty out of many uncertainties of human activities and transitions. Each society’s calendar is a reflection of their cultural and religious beliefs. At the beginning of each year, under any of the calendars – Julian, Hindu, Hijri/Islamic, Chinese, Buddhist, Japanese, or the Hebrew calendar, human beings set new behavioural standards to meet new expectations. If you find yourself setting lofty goals for the new year, you are not alone, there are billions of other people around the world doing the same thing at different time of the year. 

    Whatever resolve you make for the beginning of this calendar year, two things are involved – you either discipline yourself to succeed in achieving your lofty goals, or you fail to achieve your new year resolutions within the first few weeks of the year as majority of people do. What distinguishes the former from the latter is self-leadership – the process and practice of influencing and directing your own thoughts and actions to successfully achieve goals and situate a satisfying life. 

    According to the Forbes Health/One Poll survey, the average resolution lasts just 3.74 months. Only 8% of respondents tend to stick to their goals for one month, while 22% last two-month, 13% last four months. 

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    Leaning on yourself to lead yourself through the year requires effective self-leadership strategies, skills, disciplined commitments, self-regulation and accountability, recommitments and honesty on your personal preferences. Given that internal beliefs, thoughts and perceptions are your biggest influence, your ability to guide yourself becomes the most important step to design, achieve and sustain your new year resolution goals. In setting your yearly goals, you must first consider yourself as an institution that should be organized with clear visions, setting smart goals, with motivation to stimulate the right commitments for success. 

    Like corporate entities, achieving set goals comes with challenges and setbacks, perhaps, everyone needs to start the year with this reality in mind. How we respond to this reality is determined by the degree of our calmness – how we remain calm, clear-headed, and focused even in moments of difficult circumstances. 

    Of all the leadership skills you need in setting your new year resolutions, decision making is as important as the actions you take in actualizing the resolutions. To make informed, rational and actionable decision, you need to understand yourself, strength, weakness, character and competence. No matter how small the decision, you need information that will help you make fact-based decision on the nature, duration, responsibilities, possible challenges, results and impact of your resolution if followed through. This is even more important given the current socio-economic realties in Nigeria today – whereas you have little or no control over our nation’s economic fluctuations, you have a choice and control on your personal preferences, actions, inactions and adjustments to live a meaningful, happy and satisfying life in 2024. 

    Every leadership environment requires regulation, self-leadership is not an exception. If you cannot control yourself, you can hardly lead yourself effectively to achieve any set goal. To actualize your new year resolutions, you need to govern yourself in controlling your emotions and manage how you respond to external events. To ensure you don’t fall apart due to uncertainty, stress, anxiety and disappointments in achieving whatever goal you set for yourself this year, you need clarity that helps you to stretch beyond your own borders of emotion in order to reach accurate view of situations. Self-clarity affords you the opportunity to creatively come up with fresh ideas and new options when faced with great challenges. 

    Since no one can succeed in isolation, we all need that little external push and support, but nothing will keep you forging forward than self-generated energy. Learning to motivate, energize and refill yourself is an essential skill for resilience, strength, courage and sustained commitment to achieving your set goals. In moments when you cannot motivate yourself, for such time will eventually come, try to envisage the future if you fail to motivate yourself. Even in absence of required resources to drive your goals or maintain a habit, you must realize that there is no one-way traffic in the affairs of life – there is always an option out of any problem. You have a duty to find the strength and energy to propel through other options for the actualization of your goal. 

    When you set your goals for the year, you must have timeline, Key Performance Indices (KPIs) and a culture of taking responsibility for your actions and inactions without resorting to blame game. Leadership without accountability is simply an invitation to complacency. Without self-accountability, you can hardly meet the required efforts, obligations, tasks and commitments to achieving your goals. There are many ways you can be self-accounting – create a culture of consistency, adjust your mind-set, set timeline for yourself, set key performance indicators, discipline yourself to act on a task at a time, design a method to track your progress, reward yourself and find honest feedbacks. 

    Part of the skills of self-accountability is the strength to let go of desired things that cannot and should not be. 

    Congratulations as you propose to lead yourself through this new year. Remember, as Lao Tzu tells us, mastering others is strength, mastering yourself is where the true power really lies. And if you “can rule your mind” as Horace expects of you, you can rule your life and the society by extension. The big deal is not in making new year resolutions, the big deal lies in your sustained actions in achieving them. It is important you lead yourself aright because it will add to our national productivity measures. 

    • Ekpa, lawyer and leadership consultant, wrote via ekpastanleyekpa@gmail.com

  • Let’s bring back the short story

    Let’s bring back the short story

    By Banji Ojewale

    Art is a lie which makes us see the truth — Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973) Spanish artist

    To prepare for this short essay on the short story, I have had to rescue from my home library two old local magazines that, in an earlier generation, sought to offer vibrant voice to this literary genre. First pushed out as a monthly in March 1985, one of the publications was simply called Mc.Quick Short Stories, with a cover price of N2. If you were willing to part with that ‘pittance’ for that product, you were guaranteed an animating literary excursion with some of the greats in the industry.

    So, I have in front of me Vol. 1 No. 1 1985 edition of Mc.Quick Short Stories. Wale Adeniran is the publisher. Kole Omotoso is the editor-in-chief, and Femi Omowumi, Odia Ofeimun, Seun Ige and Labo Yari, in tow as associate editors. Graphic arts and illustrations are handled by Abiodun Araba, Victor Olusa and Akin Adejuwon. As you close-up on Mc.Quick, you run into the inner world of some of the eminent short story exponents of the age. Leban Erapu, the Ugandan intellectual, has an entry he calls, Guns and Books. He looks at Africa’s political scene, and intrigued by its internal rumblings, wonders why the problems they mischievously engineer remain unresolved. There’s a sardonic take on soldiers and their civilian collaborators who pretend they can govern society when they can’t even ‘read the title on the cover or the name of the author’ they arrest on coup days. Kole Omotoso’s The Story of a Driving Lesson is comical; but it ends tragically as his wife he is teaching how to drive rams into a Mercedes Benz. Instructor loses his temperament and calls his wife ‘idiot’. The woman can’t stand such abuse and leaves the scene, packing her belongings the following day from the home to stay with her parents. Its moral: you can lose what you think belongs to you if you don’t handle it with a nuanced and demanded respect. Famous folklorist Amos Tutuola is on board with Popondoro’s Beauty of Magnet. His legendary world of magic, animals, forests and evil creatures, is fully at work to outplay the fables of Aesop or the mythology which the Greeks spin from Mount Olympus. Mc.Quick also has Poet’s Corner, with Niyi Osundare’s A Song for Ajegunle, where the writer sees that Lagos community as ‘a satanic rumble of supper-less stomachs’. Quite an imagery!

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    The other short story magazine I have before me is Rake. It’s the Fourth Edition of Volume One of 1991. Nnimmo Bassey, (Benin), Olusoji Owolabi, (Budapest), Ike Okonta, (Benin) and Tunde Fatunde (Lagos), are the Rake team with offices in Benin City and Lagos. They have a large army of writers including Naiwu Osahon, Ogaga Ifowodo, Wale Okediran, all of whose contributions reflect the lives and times of the day. The Crusade by Nnimmo Bassey is a relentless attack on Chief Priest Kimani Tua, who is leading throngs of hypnotized healing and miracle-seekers. “The fire of miracles is spewing from my fingertips’’ the false prophet tells his followers. At a crusade, he appears on stage ‘borne shoulder-high by two stocky women.’

    In the distinctive tradition of the short story (and literature broadly), these two publications ran fiction that not only told exciting tales, but also released open and subtle commentary on the society—its citizens’ and authorities’ foibles. As it makes us see ourselves in its mirror, it challenges us to laugh or weep, and follow up with remedial measures. That’s Picasso’s point about art (lie, fiction) being the compass locating the truth that liberates man and his environment.

    For instance, the moral of The Necklace, by Frenchman Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893), considered one of the greatest short story writers of all time, is a lampoon on a society obsessed with material possession. Slum girl Mathilde Loisel and her husband suffer for their greed and pretence in a community that slaughters the poor. Maupassant is able to do so in only 3091 words. A novel which may not be read at one sitting would require several more thousands of words to deliver the message. It’s true both approaches do benefit mankind. But the short story is no longer honoured; it’s being killed for the novel to have all the space. It’s being ignored by publishers and top literary prize institutions like Nobel, Booker, the Commonwealth etc. But all these didn’t deter Alice Ann Munro, the Canadian. She shot her way into history in 2013 by winning the Nobel in Literature through her short stories. She also bagged the Giller and International Booker Prizes.

    Other classical figures in the field over the ages include James Baldwin, Anita Desai, Anton Chekov, Edgar Allan Poe, Ernest Hemingway, and Nigeria’s own Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Her new book, Mama’s Sleeping Scarf, a fiction for children, has just been presented to the public in Lagos.

    Their writings keep society on their toe as they satirize us, pillory our excesses for correction and return us to civilization and fading reading cultures. We may talk of come-along commercial and entertainment perspectives; but in the long run it’s the ideological gains for society and its human constituents that count. We don’t write majorly to decongest our system of ceaselessly invading ideas. The objective of good fiction is to free mankind from political, religious, economic, and ideological serfdoms and ignorance. It is to arm man against those whose preoccupation is to keep the majority of the people under their jackboots.

    We need to get the popular short story live again in Nigeria. Our newspapers can help us by accepting such fiction works in their Arts and Review columns, while the radio and TV can support the project through weekly broadcasts of short stories. Our biggest patrons should be the government (federal, state and local). Let them use their efforts in this regard to return our young people to reading habits, which have given way to urban criminality dressed in numerous garbs.

    Our Dangotes, Otedolas, Ovias, Elumelus etc. can invest in the project to make the short story stage a comeback and wake our slumbering youth. We plead with them to unlock their treasures for the deliverance of the leaders of tomorrow. I believe such investment is far more agreeable in the weighing scales of history than throwing about capital to gain more capital in a polity ruled by unruly, uncultured and untamed army of young people.

    We have a surfeit of eminent talent to churn out stuff not only to hug local and global headlines and acclaim, but also to help transform our nation and continent.

    • Ojewale writes from Ota, Ogun State.

  • How Nigeria added territory without war, litigation

    How Nigeria added territory without war, litigation

    By Garba Shehu

    With the important announcement of the accession of United Nations to the nation’s request for the extension of the country’s continental shelf a few days ago,  no one should be in doubt any longer about the rising capacities of Nigeria in the emerging geopolitical equation, globally.

    Adnan Rashid Nasser Al-Azri, chairman of the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), who disclosed the development, said following a successful submission, Nigeria’s continental shelf had now been extended from 200 nautical miles to 220 nautical miles.

    The government of Nigeria under President Bola Tinubu promptly acknowledged this and praises the UN for acceding to the nation’s request.

    The continental shelf of a sovereign state comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin.

    The effort to extend, as much as possible, Nigeria’s continental shelf began with a submission on May 9, 2009 following new rules of engagement in accordance with Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982.

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    According to the convention, littoral states that pass the test of appurtenance qualify to make applications backed by geological and geophysical data to the United Nations.

    On that day, Nigeria made a submission for an extended continental shelf to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), the UN body made up of 21 experts from all over the world charged with the responsibility of examining and approving all applications for an extended continental shelf. According to the country’s Ministry of Justice, Nigeria’s submission had teething problems right from the onset. The UN sub-commission appointed by the CLCS to consider Nigeria’s submission after its initial examination queried so many aspects, including the qualifier test of appurtenance and requested for more data and information in order to proceed with the consideration.

    From the time the submission was made in May 2009, the project virtually came to a standstill because of lack of funds, and the UN sub-commission kept sending invitations to Nigeria to submit the data it requested, and also respond to the queries it posed, but the country could do none of these because there were no funds to conduct the data collection surveys.

    This lull spurred the Nigerian Senate at its sitting on February 14, 2013, having recognized the causes of the delays, to make resolutions, asking government to fund the project and constitute an independent technical body to manage the Extended Continental Shelf Project and to cut out bureaucracies of government.

    When President Muhammadu Buhari came in 2015, the project was at a standstill, and when he was briefed on November 4, 2015 by the National Boundary Commission, he immediately constituted the High Powered Presidential Committee on Nigeria’s Extended Continental Shelf Project (HPPC) on November 5, 2015.

    He named the then Attorney General and Minister of Justice, Abubakar Malami to chair the committee, with Surveyor Aliyu Omar as member/secretary. Other members of the committee included Professor Lawrence Awosika (the chairman of the UNCLCS at that time, himself a Nigerian), Mr. Lufadeju Aderinola from the Department of Petroleum Resources, Dr. Regina Folorunsho from the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography, Rear Admiral Chukwuemeka E. Okafor, the Hydrographer of the Nigerian Navy, Mr. Victor John from the Federal Ministry of Environment, Mr. Zachariah M. Ifu from the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Director General, National Boundary Commission, Dr. M. B. Ahmad.

    The then president mandated the committee to “among other things, steer the remaining aspects of the project including the successful extension of Nigeria’s maritime territory beyond 200 metres”. The goal for the constitution of the HPPC was to cut down on government bureaucracies, as the only way to enable the commencement of the consideration of our submission on time and save the government funds.

    In his charge to the committee, President Buhari said “I am looking forward to the day that I can announce to Nigerians that additional maritime territory has been approved for Nigeria by the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf”.

    “I have always had special interest in this project right from the first day I heard of it, because this type of project where Nigeria will gain additional territory without conflict has never happened before in her lifetime.

    “It is my intention to support the submission to the United Nations for additional maritime area, in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to claim for Nigeria every bit of space that she deserves under UNCLOS.

     ”It is pleasing to know that most wars that have taken place in the world since time immemorial including present times have always been territorial, and Nigeria has this one and only chance to gain territory without war, litigation, or purchase.

     ”More so when this territory lies within the area dubbed as ‘the Golden Triangle’ in the Gulf of Guinea, which contains unquantifiable resources some of which have not even been discovered.’’

    Upon its inauguration, the committee immediately swung into action by first undertaking a new data collection survey to provide the much-needed data and information tailored to fit in with the request of the UN sub-commission in very deep offshore which had never been surveyed before.

     The committee changed the premise that was adopted in the first submission from “evidence to the contrary” to a method based on the “General Rule” – morphology backed by geology/geophysics and, among other things gave assurances to the CLCS of a promise of the judicious use of funds accruing from sale of data through the then Department of Petroleum Resources, DPR.

    After the data collection surveys, the committee made an amended submission to the UN sub-commission on November 26, 2016, encompassing an area of about three times the size of the first Nigerian submission made in 2009.

    Following the presentation of the amended submission, the Nigerian team and the sub-commission met more than 20 times at the United Nations in New York to answer questions, clarify issues and present additional data and information, as requested by them. At these meetings, the technical team argued Nigeria’s case with many presentations and submitted additional data and information.

    While it took nine years for the first submission to be made, the HPPC under Malami took exactly nine months to make an amended submission. Nigeria made considerable progress within this period as to warrant a full CLCS plenary meeting in March 2023 for consideration and final approval of the submission. This is then led to the approval of a further 20 nautical miles to the existing maritime boundary.

    With this, the country has gained additional territory without war or conflict of any sort, litigation or purchase, as has never happened before in her lifetime. Initial surveys indicate that the added territory contains “unquantifiable resources,” that include huge oil and gas reserves.

    While the nation must thank the dedication of the previous APC administration for how the country came this far, more is still is expected of the Tinubu administration- one that has put in place a stand-alone ministry of Blue Economy in view of its significance -to bring home the expected benefits to the nation’s economy and national security.

    • Shehu is a journalist and former presidential spokesperson.

  • Exit Henry  Kissinger, America’s  symbol of glamour, diplomacy

    Exit Henry  Kissinger, America’s  symbol of glamour, diplomacy

    • Bisi Olawunmi

    With the death of Dr.  Henry Kissinger,  America’s former National Security Adviser and Secretary of State,  on Wednesday, November 29, 2023, it was sun-down on the life and times of a colossus of American diplomacy .  He  was aged 100.  Longevity runs in his family – his father, Louis Kissinger, a school teacher, died at 95; mother, Paula, a homemaker, died at 97 while younger brother, Walter, a businessman, also died at 97 in 2021.  It was fitting  that the most prominent Kissinger attained the most prominent age of 100, making him a centenarian ! Figure 3 has magical resonance in Kissinger’s  life –  he was born a German-Jew  in Furth, Germany  in 1923  ( May 27 ) and died in 2023.  In between, he attained two milestones :  American citizenship  in 1943 and  was appointed U.S. Secretary of State in 1973.   

    Dr. Kissinger, canonized in the media as ‘ Henry , The  k’, and invested with charisma, bestrode the global diplomatic arena with pomp and pageantry in the 1970s  when he served as Secretary of State to two American presidents. He was appointed by President Richard Nixon in 1973 and retained  ( 1974-77 ) by President Gerald Ford who succeeded  to the Presidency  when Nixon was forced to resign his office in 1974 over the Watergate scandal.  Nixon had appointed him National Security Adviser in January 1969 , a position he combined with that of Secretary of State, giving him dominance of  American foreign policy.  On  7  October  1973,  less than three weeks after his appointment as Secretary of State, war broke out in the Middle East between Israel  and her Arab neighbours, known as the Yom Kippur war.  Israel was about to be overwhelmed by the Arab forces in the surprise attack, when America, led by a gung-ho Kissinger , came to Israel’s  rescue, handing the Jewish  nation an eventual, outstanding victory..  His Jewish nativity at play ?    That war consolidated  Israeli military superiority in the Middle East  and launched Kissinger’s global visibility  as he engaged in frenetic diplomatic shuttles among the various capitals of  the warring nations  – Cairo, (Egypt) ;  Tel Aviv, (Israel);  Aman ( Jordan) and Damascus, (Syria)  – to broker ceasefire in the fighting  and eventual restoration of peace.  He was dubbed the father of Shuttle Diplomacy.      

    In physical appearance,  a pudgy  Kissinger with his guttural  Bavarian German accent  lacks personal charisma and mesmerizing  speech.  But that was no hindrance to American mainstream media – they simply went ahead to create a public persona of flamboyance , swagger and diplomatic wheeler-dealer for him and it stuck. He assumed the role with aplomb, making touchdowns in  world’s  trouble spots with a pool of a doting press in tow !!

    Kissinger had also been pivotal in  driving  President Nixon’s doctrines of rapprochement with China and détente with the Soviet Union to ease the tensions of the Cold War, reduce the arms race and  promote  global economy with the United States in the saddle. In the course of negotiations leading to summit meetings between President Nixon and the leaders of Soviet Union and China, Kissinger had to make several trips to Moscow and Beijing, making such trips into  media events with adulatory reporting  of  his diplomatic skills  and reinforcement of his  super diplomat  aura.  Détente and rapprochement were long term strategic plans of Nixon to seduce Soviet Union and China into  a fatal embrace with the U.S., intended to  lead to the unraveling and eventual collapse  of the  two countries. The Soviet Union suffered that fate with its collapse and dissolution into several countries while China emerged  stronger from the embrace, to the consternation of America !!  The ultimate goal for President Nixon and Kissinger was the emergence of America as the world’s Sole Superpower, not an altruistic world peace.   In all of these, Kissinger  became larger than life , virtually consumed about projecting the Kissinger Brand.  In his heydays, he was projected  as a diplomatic legend.      

    However,  Kissinger’s media projection as a can-do, avuncular, glamour diplomat masks his hard line,  dogmatic ruthlessness as a  doctrinaire  warrior,  for whom lives – thousands of lives – are expendable.  For President Nixon and Kissinger, justice and morality count for nothing in foreign policy and international power play.  Addressing the press at his inauguration as Secretary of State on September 22, 1973, Kissinger had sold the media a dummy by claiming  that America’s foreign policy commitment , under his watch, would be to  ” a world based not upon strength  but upon justice”.  He had, however,  been reminded by President Nixon, in a phone call the following day, of their mutual position on  international power  relations : ” This idealism  (justice) in policy is good.  (But) You and I know, Henry, that a lot of that is malarkey”. Malarkey is  ‘nonsense; meaningless talk’ as defined by Oxford  American dictionary. So, American foreign policy, under Nixon and Kissinger,  made nonsense of justice and morality  as war hawks went on a global rampage of destabilising democratically elected governments, considered not kowtowing  to American dictates, while supportive of dictatorships which are deemed friendly.

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    Three instances will avail us here. In Chile, after the failure of its financially mobilized  political parties  to defeat Salvador Allende in the 1970 elections, Kissinger , with CIA backing, continued support for destabilization of the democratically elected government of President Allende  because of his Marxist  ideology.  Allende was found dead after coupists’ bombing of  the Presidential Palace on September 11, 1973.  Ironically, years  later , September 11, ( 9/11 ) was  to become a day of horror for America when thousands were killed as terrorists plane-bombed the Twin Towers in New York and attempted crashing into The Pentagon, the U.S. Defense Ministry, in Washington  D.C.  Kissinger became an apologist for the more brutal Chilean  military junta of Gen.  Augusto Pinochet under whose regime thousands were killed or disappeared.  When the military junta’s move against  the anti-Allende opposition democratic parties which had encouraged the coup and started detention of civilians in their thousands became  ” a source of much anguish”  ( Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, page 411) to many Americans, Kissinger dismissed such emotion as resulting from  memory loss about Allende’s many anti-American policies and actions !

    In Cambodia,  when the U.S.-supported  regime that deposed  Prince  Norodom  Sihanouk  could not contain the Communist insurgents, the Khmer Rouge,  backed by North Vietnam ( Viet Cong ),  America extended the Vietnam war to Cambodia . It engaged in carpet-bombings  of what it described as Viet Cong  ”sanctuaries ” inside Cambodia leading to thousands of Cambodian casualties, a development that drew public outrage in the U.S. and for Congress to pass a law stopping the bombings.  Kissinger  was not moved by the casualties , but was rather miffed  by the action of Congress .  He had fumed : ”Everything is just going to come apart in Cambodia  if we stop bombings”, in defence of continued bombings. The incident remains  one of the major black spots in Kissinger’s  career.

    Vietnam was America’s most horrific foreign policy engagement and ultimate disaster – both for American servicemen and American tax payers who funded the war bill and the Vietnamese people whom the Yankees sucked into their ideological war with Communism. In three decades ( 1950 – 1975 ) of war in Vietnam, America lost 58,220 military  personnel, more than 150,000 were wounded, with 21,000  of them permanently disabled ,  while the total cost of the war was put at $352 billion .

    In spite of these sacrifices in men and material, a humiliated super power had to cut  and run like scared crows, in chaotic evacuation of the embassy staff, other Americans and South Vietnamese support staff when the Viet Cong swept into Saigon, capital of South Vietnam, on April 30, 1975, effectively ending America’s military misadventure in Vietnam.  Predictably, Kissinger laid the blame on the U.S. Congress that rejected a $300 million in military  aid package for South Vietnam to stem the tidal wave of the Viet Cong southwards. The Vietnamese , in North and South,  suffered an estimated 1.1 million dead.

    It is a measure Kissinger’s vanity that he gleefully accepted the award of the 1973  Noble Peace Prize, announced by the Nobel Committee on October 16, 1973 for the jointly negotiated Paris Peace  Agreement with North Vietnamese delegate,

    Le Duc Tho, signed on January 27 of that year but which had not brought North and South Vietnam closer to peace as at the time of the Nobel award.  Tho had prudently rejected the award, citing violations of the Peace Agreement. When U.S-supported South Vietnam was overrun by the Communist North Vietnam on April 30, 1975, an apparently humbled Kissinger offered to return the Peace Prize and the cash award, both of were rejected by the Nobel Committee.

    A major lesson to learn from Dr. Henry Kissinger’s global engagements is that foreign policy goals are better achieved when the back-up diplomacy  is intellectually driven, as in the cases of  rapprochement with China and détente with the Soviet Union that eventually led to the dissolution of the Soviet communist behemoth, without firing a shot.  On the contrary,  when America as a global power, allows its foreign policy to be driven by power drunkenness and the illusion of its invincibility , then the outcome is disaster, as witnessed in Vietnam , and repeated recently in Afghanistan where it lost the war to the Taliban and had to exit Kabul in chaotic circumstances. 

    These failed foreign forays project the all powerful  America, according to a Yoruba saying ,  as ” alagbara ma me ro, baba ole ” – a powerful man who rushes into a fight without exercising discretion ending up in defeat by a less powerful but discerning opponent.

    Going forward, America must heed the advisory in the title of  former President Nixon’s second book, post Vietnam defeat  : ‘ No More Vietnams ‘. (1985).  Apparently, Nixon wrote with  the benefit of hindsight !!! But are the successors in The White House listening ?

    Dr. Bisi OLAWUNMI, Senior Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Adeleke University, Ede. Osun State, is a former Washington Correspondent of the News Agency of Nigeria.  Email : bisi.olawunmi@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng  PHONE ( SMS ONLY ) 0803 364 7571.

  • Aiyedatiwa!

    Aiyedatiwa!

    Ondo State Governor, Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu is dead! May God repose his soul! Since nature abhors a vacuum, his Deputy, Lucky Orimisan Aiyedatiwa has now been sworn-in as the substantive governor of the state. May God order his steps in the onerous tasks ahead!

    By the way, if Aiyedatiwa could become the governor despite the intimidations from those whose hearts were made of rocks, nothing is impossible on earth. But then, this is just the beginning of what to expect in the foreseeable future, especially if the Obe-Nla, Ondo State-born politician is eyeing Alagbaka as its Chief Tenant, post-February 23, 2025. Interestingly, the governor’s many battles and subsequent triumph must have exposed him to the politics of Abuja. He can only build on this rare feat. Again, this is where playing politics through the party structures in the state comes in.

    Isaac Kekemeke! Olusola Oke! Jimoh Ibrahim! Agboola Ajayi! Yele Omogunwa!  ‘Bourdillon Boy’ Adewale Akinterinwa! Lucky Aiyedatiwa! But where did Ondo State miss it? For those who have refused to give hope to their people when it’s badly needed only to start scheming for the soul of the state invites an obvious question of development. Take, for instance, at least four Local Governments in the Ondo South Senatorial District of the state (Irele, Okitipupa, Ilaje and Ese-Odo) have been subjected to uninterrupted darkness since 2014. But, rather than rally to solve the problem, its leaders have always been candidates for “to your tent, O Israel”, until elections beckon.

    As an oil-bearing community, Ilajeland statutorily produces Commissioners for the Niger Delta Development Corporation (NDDC). Otito Atikase, who currently serves as Ondo State Representative on the NDDC Governing Board, is from Ugbo Kingdom. On his part, IfeOluwa Oyedele, the current Executive Director (Engineering and Technical Services) at the Niger Delta Power Holding Company (NDPHC), is from Igodan-Lisa in Okitipupa. Besides, Ilaje and Ese-Odo Local Governments supply the Chairman, Secretary and two other members to the Ondo State Oil Producing Areas Development Commission (OSOPADEC); and that’s a permanent feature. Discreet investigations also revealed a special derivation budgetary provision which accords the Senatorial District special attention.

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    But why can’t these leaders learn from the Akoko cultural sub-group of the state? When a similar challenge befell Akokoland some years back, the late Pastor T. B. Joshua was reportedly contacted and he promptly rose to the occasion. He committed a huge sum of his personal resources to it, and, within three months, Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Akoko South East and Akoko South West Local Governments were reconnected to the national grid. Other donors showed up only after ‘Emmanuel’ had already saved the day. The dangerous truth is that Ondo South is blessed with sons and daughters, some of whom are even wealthier than T.B. Joshua but whose wealth has not impacted their people. Well, that’s a story for another day!

    With his death, Akeredolu now belongs in the past and there’s nothing anybody can do about it. So, as the world is now Aiyedatiwa’s, let it be noted that the worst is yet to happen to the ‘Sunshine State’, especially as political activities are expected to heat up in the coming days. Typical of Nigerians, those who lost out in past battles won’t want to let go of fate. The defeated will be expected to return to the trenches to devise new ways and means. But only for a while, they’ll return with deadlier plots to undermine the governor’s position, with one primary aim: prevent him from securing the party’s ticket to contest the next Ondo governorship election, slated for November 16, 2023. So, it is a matter of who blinks first. For luck to keep smiling on Aiyedatiwa depends on how seriously he takes the mantle handed over to him by providence. It is what will define the shape, size and trend of things to come. Therefore, the governor needs to beware of banana peels on his path to success. If his ambition is to retain the seat of power, he needs to do more.

    Aiyedatiwa needs to study the body language of Abuja before jumping into the governorship race. Otherwise, it may amount to daring the lion in its den and the resultant ‘roforofo’ will be a burden too heavy to bear for a state that’s already lacking in good governance. Twice or thrice in Nigeria’s recent history, Bola Tinubu has sponsored candidates for the governorship position in Ondo State; twice or thrice, he has lost out. But that was then! The music has changed: power has smiled on the ‘Jagaban of Borgu’ and Tinubu is now the President of Nigeria and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed, even the unArmed Forces, with all the principalities and powers of that exalted office answerable to him. If the president wants, this is the time to exact his pound of flesh and right-thinking Nigerians needn’t take its likely implications for granted.

    Yes, time may be no more on Aiyedatiwa’s side. However, those who think that he will take it cool or play by the rules are likely to be living in fool’s paradise. Similarly, those with the notion that the now-wounded ‘Aketi Boys’ and other interested parties in the political game will shy away from spoiling the show for the governor are yet to wake up from slumber. According to Femi Afolabi-Peters, a United Kingdom-based International Security and Intelligence Consultant, “all the events of the past months were nothing but politics of succession, especially, by those who believed they had brighter chances than the governor.”

    In the words of the Specialist in Clandestine Security Operations, “power is not served ‘a la carte’. You gotta have a solid plan of action and seamless execution trajectory. Aiyedatiwa’s becoming the governor would bestow on him more powers and that’s bad news for those who professed love for Akeredolu but, in reality, they’re after self-interests anchored on survival instincts. Deep down their hearts, they’re only capitalizing on the late governor’s health situation to covertly advance their personal political agenda”

    I also share Afolabi-Peter’s views. Now that Aiyedatiwa’s head has paved the way for him, the onus is on him to wield it responsibly, lest his traducers pee on him. Going forward, he needs to embark on surreptitious political loyalty operations, all with a view to separating the whiff from the chaff because saboteurs abound within every structure. Many more will align with the governor in the coming days, of course, with the sole purpose of killing him gradually from within. Who says Betty, Akeredolu’s wife, Babajide, his son, and other perfect storms of the Aketi political tendency won’t attempt to extend an olive branch to him? Who says the governor shouldn’t accept that open-heartedly, at least for some political advantages? Who says Aiyedatiwa shouldn’t be circumspect and be as wise as a fox? Besides, hasn’t the Wike-Fubara feud again shown that Nigeria’s political model is devoid of morals and that one can only triumph if he plays the game like ‘professional bastards’? Surely certainly, one who thinks otherwise had better enroll in the seminary and quit this ‘evil vocation’.

    Lastly, a cross-section of Nigerians is reportedly of the opinion that Aiyedatiwa is scant in giving and that he has no political base. It also insists that, although the governor is a child-of-circumstance who only survived molestation from the ‘Aketi Boys’ by some dint of luck, he is lacking in goodwill. As such, he is the least person that can be presented by his people. Of course, these are weighty remarks, especially in a democracy like ours. But then, it is not too late for Aiyedatiwa to overcome these rather messy calibrations. He only needs to learn at the feet of President Tinubu.

    May the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world, grant them peace in Ondo State!

  • Akume: Bureaucrat, governor and scribe at 70!

    Akume: Bureaucrat, governor and scribe at 70!

    By Tunde Olusunle

    Ahead of the proclamation of the “Eighth Senate” of the National Assembly and the election of its leadership, the name of George Akume was a recurring decimal. He ticked the boxes, meeting all the criteria laid out for a president of the senate for that season. He was very highly favoured to clinch the top job. Among other considerations, he is from the north-central geopolitical zone to which the office was zoned. Secondly, he was a ranking senator, having been first elected to represent Benue North West, in 2007 and re-elected in 2015 and subsequently in 2019, respectively. Akume indeed previously served for two terms as governor of his state, Benue, between 1999 and 2007.

    This implied he had substantial grounding in governance, policy and statecraft. He was indeed a career bureaucrat who rose to the very peak of his calling before contesting for public office. Akume and I developed a robust relationship during his years as governor which has been sustained up till the present. I was equally very close to Akume’s deputy at the time, Ogirri Ajene, the down-to-earth, jolly blue-blood from Idoma land, who sadly passed about a decade ago.

    My very good friend and brother of over four decades beginning from our years in the classroom in the University of Ilorin, Tivlumun Gabriel Nyitse, was also prominent in the Benue State bureaucracy. He subsequently became a notable figure in the politics of the state. First, he rose to the position of managing director and chief executive of the state-owned newspapers. The Voice. He was later appointed Permanent Secretary by Akume and functioned variously in the Office of the Secretary to the State Government and the Ministry of Information and Culture, respectively, under Akume’s leadership. Such was my interconnectedness with the Benue system, which has endured till this time.

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    In the weeks preceding the proclamation of the Eighth Senate, Akume’s Maitama, Abuja home, became a Mecca for the political class. There was a virtual round-the-clock streaming in and out by fellow politicians, friends and associates, who bought into the prospects of an Akume senate presidency. Quite a number of latter day top functionaries in the Muhammadu Buhari presidency including subsequent members of the Federal Executive Council, (FEC), took their places in his waiting room, bidding their time in the listless comings and goings, those days. The otherwise spacious premises of Akume’s home, “shrank,” literally, overwhelmed by the sudden invasion of political supporters and admirers alike. His kitchen relocated to an external annex to cope with the culinary demands of the ever surging human traffic.

    Akume, unfortunately, didn’t make it to the senate presidency. As we say, the rest is history. Bukola Saraki, his colleague who won the contest, assigned him the chairmanship of the Senate Committee on the Nigerian Army. In the Seventh Senate, Akume was Minority Leader between 2011 to 2015. That was when the Peoples’ Democratic Party, (PDP), dominated the executive and legislative arms of government, under the superintendence of President Goodluck Jonathan. He had previously chaired important committees in the upper legislature and served in a broad spectrum of other organs of the parliament. He became something of a repository of legislative experience. Such systemic entrenchment is imperative for the growth and development of democratic structures in a country notorious for its scant attention for the preservation of institutional memory.

    The former Benue chief executive did not make it in his attempt to return to the senate for a fourth term in 2019. The experiences he had garnered over time, however, recommended him for appointment as Minister for Special Duties and Inter-governmental Affairs by former President Buhari. This consecrated him as a member of the FEC, where he was in a position to canvas for attention for his home state, to complement the efforts of the state government. Akume’s critics despised his schedule describing it as a “no job” ministry. He was, however, resolved to prove doubters wrong. Whereas the Buhari administration never hosted one singular ceremony to recognise deserving Nigerians with national honours all through its first term, it is credit to Akume’s hard work that two such events were hosted within 12 months.

    Friday June 2, Akume was appointed Secretary to the Government of the Federation, (SGF), by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. On Wednesday June 7, he was sworn-in as Nigeria’s 21st occupant of that office which is easily the very heart of federal governance.

    A consummate public servant, charismatic politician and inimitable legislator, George Akume is 70 today, Wednesday, December 27, this season of the yuletide. He obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology and a Masters in Labour Relations, both from the University of Ibadan, (UI), Nigeria’s premier university. In the early days of his public service career, he was local government secretary and later, chairman, in his home state, Benue.

    Akume was governor of Benue State for two terms of four years each, between 1999 and 2007, on the platform of the PDP. He was famous for prioritising workers’ welfare, against the backdrop of his personal, hands-on acquaintance with the tides and traditions in the public service. He was succeeded by Gabriel Suswam in 2007, even as he proceeded to the senate where he selflessly represented Benue North-West. Within the specific context of Tiv politics, Akume holds the all-time record of being the only senator serially elected on three successive occasions. In global Benue politics and probably Nigeria’s, David Alechenu Bonaventure Mark is perhaps the only Nigerian to have been elected on five consecutive occasions into the senate.

    Symbolically, Akume ran for his second term in the senate on the platform of the Action Congress of Nigeria, (ACN), in 2011. Two years later, four political parties: the ACN; All Nigeria Peoples Party, (ANPP); the Congress for Progressive Change, (CPC); and factions of the PDP, (nPDP) and the All Peoples Grand Alliance, (APGA), coalesced to birth the All Progressives Congress, (APC). Akume’s third shot at the senate was therefore on the podium of the APC. He is easily one of very few Nigerian politicians to have flown the flag of three different political brands in popular elections.

    Akume is substantially credited with the odyssey of the APC in Benue politics and would further lead it to take over the governorship during the 2015 elections. He latched on latent disaffection within the ranks of the PDP during the party’s gubernatorial primary in December 2014, and poached Samuel Ioraer Ortom, who felt hard done by the process which produced the PDP flagbearer. Ortom who was immediate past Minister of State for Trade and Investment, thereafter defeated the candidate of the PDP, Terhemen Tarzoor, at the general polls. Akume and Ortom would, in a short while, go their different ways as is characteristic of “godfather-godson” relationships in Nigerian politics.

    More recently, Akume rallied everything, every stunt in his arsenal as a dominant political force in Benue State, to upstage once again upstage the PDP, during the general elections in February and March this year. His candidate, Hyacinth Alia a Catholic priest, trounced Titus Tyoapine Uba, former Speaker of the Benue State House of Assembly, who was favoured to win since he was backed by a sitting PDP government. The Akume whirlwind equally swept two of the three senatorial seats in the state, into the bag of his party, among other harvests. The Idoma/Agatu peoples of “Zone C” in Benue politics survived the Tsunami and stood solidly behind their PDP candidate, Abba Moro, who contested for the senatorial position for a second time.

    Having been governor, senator and minister all within the initial 24-year span of Nigeria’s contemporary politics, George Akume without dispute, is one of the most prepared Nigerians to drive the engine of governance and administration at this epoch in the nation’s development. Yes, he has seen it all beginning from the padded swivel chair of Government House; to the theatre-style, red-lacquered parliament, and thenceforth to the marbled interiors of the chambers of the federal executive council. Articulate, accessible, unassuming, experienced, broad-minded and thoroughly pan-Nigerian, he can be trusted to deliver.

    • Olusunle, PhD, poet, journalist, scholar and author is a Fellow of the Association of Nigerian Authors, (FANA)

  • So much for Christmas

    So much for Christmas

    By Valentine Obienyem

    The truth is that nobody knows for sure the exact day that Jesus Christ was born.  The choice of December 25 is symbolic.  Pope Julius I chose that day in the 4th century as a subtle way of blighting pagan celebration of Saturnalia in the bud.  This has been a consistent feature of Christianity and the logic is simple: by superimposing Christian celebrations on pagan own, especially in the infancy of Christianity, the influence of paganism waned.  Even till now, most churches are built in forests that were considered as belonging to evil spirits.  This is a proven evangelism tool, and this is the same logic by which Christmas came to overshadow the pagan saturnalia

    A yearly ritual, it has come to be associated with fanfare of the Epicurean dimension.  People now look longingly to its coming.  Because of its very nature, it is only a few that even know that Easter is considered as more profound and by far more significant than Christmas.

    One of the things that make Christmas popular is the fact that it takes place towards the end of the year, an ideal time for stock-staking, to determine how one has fared for the year.  The fact that it is usually a public holiday has contributed to its popularity.

    By third week to Christmas, its preparations are usually at a crescendo.  Traffic all over the country becomes heavy because of so many people travelling home for the celebration.  It is a month of joy, a month of sharing and a month of introspection.  It is a month that is particularly gratifying to our parents/relations in the villages, whose food stores will be replenished.  It is also a month with a fair share of troubles and tribulations.  We have actually seen people who committed suicide because they felt they were denied what it takes to celebrate a worthy Christmas.  See these people’s reactions whenever Christmas approaches.  Some will roll while others will wail on the ground.  Their tales are usually that of a year bent on frustrating them and their efforts.  As a way of keeping themselves out of circulation, against popular tide, they will decide not to travel home for Christmas, until, perhaps, the economy improves.

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    Honestly, Christmas drives a lot of people out of their wits.  It may sound incredible, but it is true that some people’s ideas about Christmas end with a great celebration, where people go and show of.  The people that think thus are those that will take all the money they have or even borrow from friends to buy cars for Christmas.  They do not end at this.  They also spend their last money in buying expensive cloths; jewels and other ornaments.  This is the epicurean dimension earlier talked about.

    To some women, Christmas is a time of dressing competition.  There are many social occasions lined up; each has its own dress.  Women at this time are usually moving showcases of their husbands’ prosperity.  Even though Christmas is for festivity and is longed for, some women actually decline travelling on the reason that they are not prepared.  Preparations in this case have to do with being unable to procure enough cloths to terrorise other women.

    Youngsters are not left out. Those in the flower of their maturity, in whom the light of puberty has just been lit, often have in mind to travel and announce to everybody that they have come of age.  They dress in inconceivable manners that will drive beholders eyes all the more to wantonness. They will, however, discover that even those in the villages dress likewise.  In their inexperience, they strive to be the talk of the town.  Some of them, the grown up ones, who have come of age to marry are made to travel home for Christmas – the possibility of catching the prancing eyes of some eligible bachelors.

    Christmas, in its very conception, is supposed to be a positive feast/celebration, but like everything else, it has been corrupted.  Wait till January, after the effects of Christmas festivities wear down, you will hear the tales of people suffering from one outrageous disease or the other.  Some of these diseases are only metaphysically explicable.  Also, by January, most of the housemaid that travelled for Christmas will be sent back to their homes.  Tongues will wag; people will guess why the sudden “repatriation” until their tummies start to bulge in four/five months’ time.   So much for Christmas!

    Frankly, Christmas is supposed to be a joyful season.  Is it?  It is a temptation-filled season instead.  Come to think about the antics of the boys who are undergoing apprenticeship in different places (umuboyi). From January to December, these people will start saving monies they pilfer from their masters.  By December they will have a few thousands.  Guess what?  They will spend it in such a vulgar manner as if they were going to die the next day.  They drink, they spray, they give to girls, they go to parties, and they indulge in other vices common to their ages.  After seeing such indulgence, some boys of their age will think that all is now well with them.  In their delusions, they will announce defiantly their intentions to stop schooling and take to trading.  They do this without realizing that most of those boys actually live like slaves under the tutelages of their masters.  So much for Christmas!

    Christmas lasts for a few days, but its disturbing memories linger on.  At Christmas people make friends.  Adolescents meet each other, go to functions together, attend night masses together, and get infatuated with one another.  Very soon they go back to their respective schools.  The first few months of getting back to schools are usually characterized by tension between studies and the 6th commandment.  You will see students who cannot hold the definitions of subjects that have been taught many times retaining the pictures of the fair forms they have seen but once.  In attempting to read, they will, rather than see the letters they are reading, be confronted with the images of those fair forms.  So much for Christmas!

    Christmas is also a period that brings out the true images of some of us.  Look at what our church founders do in this season.  It has become a season of crusades, with pastors advertising for people to come for miracles, prosperity, signs and wonders.  Preaching at this time is usually tailored to remind people who have made it to come and thank the Lord with their tithes.  They also remind those who have not made it to come and draw spiritual strength to enable them make it the next year.  They all clothe material demands in scriptural quotations.

    Christmas is a feast which very conception is noble and spiritually enriching.  The fact now is that different forces, which are struggling over its soul, have hijacked it.  It is supposed to be a season of joy and peace.  It is inconceivable that some people in an attempt to enjoy it do grievous harm to themselves.  Some spend recklessly only to turn round and look for where to get money to pay the children’s school fees.  A lot of things are wrong about our own conception of how Christmas is celebrated.  It is yet another season that tests our maturity and calls for circumspection.

  • Pathway to economic development through industrialisation

    Pathway to economic development through industrialisation

    By Vincent O. Akinyosoye

    It has been established in the literature of development that development comes in stages, starting from the primitive stage to the mass consumption stage. And, every country follows this established process of development, starting from agricultural production and mining operations using primitive technologies based mainly on human labour and rudimentary tools as capital items. This is followed by the second stage in which outputs of the primary production process are transformed into higher-value products through processing and low-level manufacturing augmented with the provision of utilities and construction activities. The tertiary stage is characterised by production activities made up of service activities like transportation, communications, trade, hotels and restaurants, finance, insurance, real estate, housing, business services and tourism as well as high-level government operations. This third stage is inter-twined with the second stage to produce the next stage which sets the condition for take-off to advance development in which the secondary production becomes the leading contributor to GDP, employment and income with substantial export of semi-finished and finished products.

    At the next stage of development, service industries completely dominate with substantial consumption activities like entertainment, hospitality, tourism, and sports. At this fourth stage, the economy becomes mature, leading to the final stage of development characterised by mass consumption in which different sectors of the economy become highly linked together, at which point the growth of one sector stimulates growth in the other sectors, with a seamless flow of new technologies across sectors.

    The Nigerian economy today is a mixture of these stages of development but it is chiefly defined by the take-off stage in which some modicum of primitive production, particularly in agriculture, exists with the secondary stage along which manufacturing and some service industries exist.

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    At independence in 1960 and before crude oil mining in the 1970s, primitive agriculture was the leading mode.  And since the 1970s, crude oil took over with trade and ICT-based activities now dominating.  Changes in the economy came through changes in private investment, public policies, and the civil war which altered the direction of investment by setting up arbitrary demands and changing the condition of supply. At present, the leading sectors of the Nigerian economy, as established in a recent macro-economic analytical work, throw up nine leading activity sectors, namely Construction, Oil refining, Rail Transportation, Pipelines, Textile, Apparel and Furniture, Trade (Wholesale and Retail), Utilities (Power Supply, Water Supply and Waste Management), Agriculture (Crops, Fisheries, Livestock and Forestry) and agro-allied manufacturing.  These are activity sectors consistent with the second and third stages of development.  To ensure that our economy grows beyond the present growth trajectory and moves the economy into the matured stage of development, the focus of government and private investors should be on the value-adding industrialisation process.

    This process will add value to agricultural produce and mineral resources, notably crude oil, gas, crude metal ores, precious stones and gemstones. Producing processed goods from these raw agricultural and crude mineral resources can provide the government an avenue to earn revenues through various taxes, duties, and levies that the producers will pay into the coffers of the government. Companies that produce value-added products from the raw produce will earn substantially more revenue than those entities that produce primary raw materials. Such companies can earn a premium for their extra efforts in their processing and finishing operations. This explains why a country’s earnings from taxes, duties and levies can be boosted by more industrialisation and enhanced production of value-added products they manufacture and sell in the domestic and export markets.

    The capability to produce semi-finished and finished products through value-addition activities will enable Nigeria to compete better in the international markets and make it possible for the country to earn substantially more foreign exchange by leveraging on the current ECOWAS trade protocols and African Continental Trade Agreement (AFCTA).  The foregoing explains why the country can boost its earnings in the domestic market and foreign exchange accruals from increased international trade through our numerous agricultural produce and minerals, as well as create jobs and improve workers’ technical competencies.  This way, value-adding manufacturing will contribute to greater output, income, and employment multipliers from industrialization as well as cause lesser leakage multipliers by relying less on imported inputs and export of semi-finished and finished products.

    The major value-added products that can be manufactured from the agricultural, solid mineral and petroleum resources in Nigeria are numerous and run into thousands.  From agricultural produce for example, industries can be built around the production of starch, bioethanol and bio-based products as well as others which include vegetable oils, beverages, glue, ethanol, soaps, detergents, sweeteners, candy, cigarettes, chocolate, leather, tyres and so on. From crude metal ores, we have structures of iron and steel, flat sheet iron, screws and bolts, flat-rolled products of stainless steel, hand tools, aluminium structures, railway construction materials, unwrought tin, wires of iron and copper and aluminium, cutlery, tools, etc.

    Furthermore, some industries can be built on the manufacture of chemical products based on the constituent elements in crude oil such as medications, serums and articles of hydrocarbons, polymers, insecticides, rodenticides, cleaning products, vulcanized rubbers, reagents, plastic fittings, fertilizers, perfumes, acids, paints, ethers, inks, hydrocarbons, amongst other chemical products.

    Another fast-moving industrial product from crude oil with a large market presence includes products such as plastics, integrated circuits transmission materials for communication, electronic boards, batteries, transformers and other like products. In the area of mobility products, industries can be developed around parts (components) for the manufacture of motor vehicles, tractors, motorcycles, trailers, vehicle bodies, bicycles, parts of railway locomotives, military tanks and armoured fighting vehicles. Others are vehicle chassis, engines, locomotives, and other like products.  In the case of the solid minerals, we have precious stones and gemstones from which beneficiation and refinement can produce jewellery of high quality in the form of gold, bronze, and silver as well as from tourmaline, beryl, amethyst, aquamarine, emerald, sapphire to name a few.

    Additionally, in the areas of crude petroleum and gas resources, several processing activities can be established around the production of fuel (petrol, diesel, aviation fuel and kerosene) liquid natural gas (LNG), cooking gas, wax, ink, ballpoint pens, plastics, nail polish, plastic bags, petroleum jelly, antiseptic, medicines, dyes, TV cabinets, battery cases, yarn, toilet seats, linoleum, candles, hand lotions, and so on.

    Building manufacturing businesses on these aforementioned products will not only increase output (GDP) into the future, the multiplier effects of the processes will add significantly to employment generation, increase income streams to the economy, reduce our dependence on imported raw materials and finished goods, as well as increase forex inflow into the country through exports and strengthen the value of the naira. On the part of the government, private sector associations like MAN, NACCIMA, and other private sector associations should be continually educated on the business possibilities in agriculture, solid minerals, and crude petroleum industries.

    Another area government can enable industrialisation is to pay great attention to making all items of economic, social, and institutional infrastructure fully functional in the country.  This way the country will fully move from middle to a high-income nation like Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea, for example.

    • Akinyosoye, retired Professor of Applied Economics and Data Management is the first Statistician-General of the Federation and CEO of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).

  • NPF Pensions Limited: Ten years of incredible feats

    NPF Pensions Limited: Ten years of incredible feats

    By Ikechukwu Amaechi

    Saturday, October 21, 2023, was exactly ten years since the Nigeria Police Force Pensions Limited was incorporated. It was a child of necessity which started operations as a Pension Fund Administrator a year later, making it the 21st PFA in the country’s Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) in accordance with the 2014 Pension Reform Act (PRA 2014). The idea was to have a Pension Fund Administrator (PFA) exclusively responsible for the pension assets of all police personnel in Nigeria.

    It has been ten years of unprecedented achievements. Before the NPF Pensions Limited came on board, Nigerian policemen were scattered in the already licensed 20 PFAs. But their fortunes have changed dramatically ever since.

    Incorporated with a fully paid share capital of N1 billion and a mission “to provide quality customer and financial advisory services to stakeholders and adopt investment strategies that would yield the best possible returns on their pension assets,” the management and staff of the PFA have gone beyond the call of duty to ensure that policemen retire into relative comfort.  

    Yet, the challenges at inception were such that would have wheedled the unwary. But the management team led by Dr. Hamza Sule Wuro Bokki, a man with decades of experience in investment banking, corporate governance and human resource management, stepped up to the plate effortlessly.

    Prior to coming on board, many policemen were neither receiving statements on their Retirement Savings Accounts (RSA) nor had any communication with the PFAs, and, therefore, didn’t know what was happening to their accounts. So, the first task was to get in touch with their clients by locating policemen wherever they were in Nigeria. Offices were set up in all the 56 police formations and commands across the country.

    Working also through the police pension offices and six regional offices with pension desk officers, NPF Pensions Limited took its services directly to the officers wherever they were located.

    To ensure that issues are addressed instantly, all the 62 offices are online, real time. It was a strategic move that not only eased the access of police officers to information, but also dramatically eased the stress of documentation by creating awareness.

    Obviously, it was going to require a team prepared to think out of the axiomatic box to successfully manage the pension assets of Nigerian policemen.

    Ten years after, the jury is in that despite the constraints, NPF Pensions has delivered handsomely on its mandate with a bountiful harvest of firsts.

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    Today, NPF Pensions Limited is the best police investment entity, ranks first in investment performance for two consecutive years in the pensions industry and is also the first and only PFA to attain the enviable position of overall performance in investment returns across the four main retirement savings accounts funds. Since 2022, the PFA’s investment returns have grown in leaps and bounds.

    For instance, according to data released by PenCom at the end of 2022, NPF Pensions closed the year as one of the only two top PFAs by investment returns. While its Fund I, meant only for those aged 49 years and below, appreciated by 11.89 per cent; Fund II, which is the default fund for all active pension fund contributors that are 49 years and below, appreciated by 11.17 per cent; Fund III, which is the default fund for active contributors that are 50 years and above, went up by 10.77 per cent; and Fund IV, which is strictly for retirees, by 10.54 per cent.

    But for those who thought that the 2022 performance was a flash in the pan, the Q1 2023 result proved most conclusively that the NPF Pensions Limited is the industry leader having emerged the best performing PFA, outperforming all others in all the four funds.

    While Fund I returned 8.86 per cent, Fund II returned 5.97 per cent, Fund III 7.78 per cent and Fund IV returned 3.88 per cent. The feat is even more spectacular because no other PFA came second in all four funds. While Stanbic IBTC Pension Managers, CrusaderSterling Pensions, and Fidelity Pensions also had strong performances in some funds, NPF Pensions Limited was in a league of its own – unparalleled, incomparable, unsurpassed and peerless.

    Summing up the incredible outing in an article titled, “Performance of Pension Funds for Q1 2023,” Nairametrics, one of Nigeria’s leading online business magazines, said, “NPF Pensions is the runaway performer when it comes to investment returns on their portfolios for Q1 2023 … The PFA offers Funds I, II, III and IV and all four funds took the top spot outperforming all 18 others.”

    But even as industry watchers marvel, there is, it seems, no slowing down in the quest of NPF Pensions Limited to remain dominant.

    In the August 2023 returns, the PFA again came tops with an outstanding 2.27 per cent growth, beating Stanbic IBTC – 1.13 per cent, Access Pensions Limited – 1.08 per cent, and Pensions Alliance Limited – 1.05 per cent to the second, third and fourth positions respectively.

    The return on investment in the RSA Fund 2 in August also bears the same testimony of excellence. Again, NPF Pensions came tops with a 2.32 percentage growth where the industry average for the 19 other PFAs was 1.06 per cent. On Fund 3 where the industry average was 0.98 per cent, NPF Pensions outclassed all others with an impressive 2.11 percentage growth.

    On November 30, 2023, PenCom released the performance chart of all PFAs in Nigeria from January to October 2023.

    While as the performance of all PFAs in Nigeria from January to October for Funds 1, 2, 3 and 4, was green, meaning that no PFA had a negative return on investment for the period under review, the NPF Pensions Limited is the only PFA that appeared top five in the four funds. This is an incredible achievement. 

    As a child of necessity created to meet the peculiar needs of the personnel of the Nigeria Police Force, the NPF Pensions Limited’s achievements are, no doubt, impressive. But beyond that, they have become measuring rods in the industry. To be sure, that is exactly what the returns on investment results in the first three quarters of 2023 have proved most conclusively – yesterday’s child of necessity has become the indisputable industry leader.

    Not only that, NPF Pensions Limited has the fastest growth rate in the industry, achieving positive financial performance in 2022 with total income increasing by 20.93 per cent to nearly N9.20 billion compared to N7.61 billion in 2021 and a 47.75 per cent rise in Profit After Tax (PAT) to N2.12 billion compared to N1.44 billion in 2021 .

    The company’s cost-to-income ratio decreased to 66.78 per cent in 2022 from 72.86 per cent in 2021. The five-year average ratio stands at 68.19 per cent. The PFA ended the 2022 financial year with 323,096 RSA holders, an increase of 20,852 RSA holders from 302,244 in 2021. Its audited Assets under Management (AuM) grew by 18.08 per cent, totaling N827.60 billion, compared to N700.91 billion in 2021.

    A staff of PenCom described 2022 as “NPF Pensions’ year of quantum leaps.” But 2023 is a lot better. As it celebrates its tenth anniversary, the PFA’s AuM has crossed N1 trillion, the fourth in the Industry despite its constraints as a mono-clientele PFA.

    The Board of NPF Pensions Limited approved a N400 million annual Retiree Resettlement Support Scheme (RRSS) in 2017 from its internal funds to cater for retirees while awaiting their pension. Colossal as the sum was, it was still scaled up to N450 million in 2018. Today, it is a whopping N500 million, paid to retirees gratis from the income the PFA makes to alleviate their suffering. Till date, it remains the first and only PFA to embark on such corporate social responsibility (CSR) to its clients.

    Again, only six years after it began operations, NPF Pensions Limited became the first and only PFA to build a corporate head office.

    While commissioning the ultra-modern building on October 20, 2020, former President Muhammadu Buhari called the achievements of the PFA impressive.

    All these achievements wouldn’t have been possible without a formidable management team that has been widely acknowledged as one of the best in the industry.

    Considering its incredible achievements, clinking of glasses will be apposite on this tenth anniversary of a PFA that not many gave any chance. But for a management that believes the best reward for these incredible feats is the smile on the faces of appreciating policemen, serving and retired, the drums may not be rolled out.

    But policemen are ululating because their PFA, unarguably the most successful company to be established in the Nigeria Police Force, has, in just ten years, most credibly stamped the Force’s footprint in the pension industry.

  • Paradox of oil pipeline security

    Paradox of oil pipeline security

    By Nnaji Jekwu Onovo

    Draft agreement at COP28 omitted the “phase out” of fossil fuels including coal, oil and gas. So, use and applications of fossil fuels continue. However, Nigerians are not sure if our oil will survive the onslaught of oil thieves. Nigerian crude oil is being stolen on an industrial scale. Some of this stolen oil – it is not entirely clear how much – is exported. Proceeds are then laundered through world financial centres and used to buy assets in Nigeria and abroad. In Nigeria, politicians, government security forces, militants, oil industry personnel, oil traders and community members benefit to varying degrees, along with organized criminal networks.

    In geographical terms, what is today referred to as the Niger Delta is one of the world’s largest wetlands. Occupying a large expanse of area about 70,000 square kilometres, it stretches across nine different states in the coastal South of Nigeria, which borders the Gulf of Guinea, the lobe-shaped “armpit” along the west coast of Africa extending across Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, and Angola. Topographically, the Niger Delta is mostly characterised by swamps, mangroves, marine water, creeks, rivers, canals, estuaries, patches of thick forests, and so on. Thus the Delta terrain, as Ed Kashi observes, is “tricky with remote areas reachable only by small boats and along every road and waterway danger lurks for the intruder”. This peculiar spatial character of the region thus makes it not only difficult to traverse but also one of the most difficult places on earth to engage in military battle or even to mount effective state surveillance.  So, government security forces especially Navy find it difficult to penetrate the area. And we have to adopt abnormal means by engaging militants as pipeline securities.

    The GMD NNPCL, Mele Kyari addressing the Senate Committee on appropriations said: “it is abnormal to engage non-state actors to protect critical assets like oil pipelines. We have however responded abnormally and are getting results, because unlike as it was in July 2022 when less than 1.2 million barrels of oil were produced by day , it has been 1.5 million barrels per day within the last two to three months “.

    In oddities Nigeria ranks high, so the exception becomes the norm. The militants who supported and promoted pipeline vandalism and oil theft are being hired to protect oil installations. This arrangement is paradoxical and cause for concern. This is akin to keeping goats under the care of lions.

    Read Also; ‘The world is quiet while we die’ (3)

    The worries are supported by statements of some stakeholders from the oil bearing states, such as the Governor of Rivers State, Siminalayi Fubara, who criticised the Federal Government for awarding the contract for the protection of crude oil pipelines to “one man”. Fubara spoke when a Federal Government delegation on the security of oil and gas assets led by the National Security Adviser (NSA), Nuhu Ribadu, visited him. The governor said, “How can someone from Kalabari be controlling the pipeline in Ogoni? There is no way it will work.”

    Prominent Niger Delta leader and former militant turned pipeline security provider, Asari Dokubo, alleged that 99 per cent of oil theft incidents recorded in the oil-rich region was traceable to the Nigerian Army and Navy. But the Nigerian military denied the allegation, and dared Dokubo to provide evidence to substantiate his claim,

    The Navy alleged, after intercepting a 77-meter-long motor tanker filled with crude oil, that Tantita Security Services Limited (belonging to ex-militant, Tompolo) may have been involved in the theft. The management of Tantita denied the allegation describing it as bizarre and mischievous.

    Sure! That is the bizarre world of Nigeria oil security— allegations and counter-allegations.

    One of the major fallouts from the crisis in the Niger Delta was the dramatic rise in illegal oil bunkering or oil theft. Bunkering itself, as the oil industry’s related activity, involves the transfer or siphoning of fuel from highly protected storage facilities into ship bunkers for onward transportation abroad. In Nigeria, oil bunkering describes the subterranean and unlawful extraction of crude oil products from Oil Company and NNPC pipelines and storage facilities into large containers for onward transportation via speed boats and badges into the high seas. These products are then sold to invisible but powerful international cartels run mostly by foreigners.

    The involvement of youth groups in oil theft were at first limited to providing security for oil thieves, an activity from which they were able to enrich themselves and acquire weapons, but after a while they were able to engage in oil theft autonomously and this led to escalation of the illegal activity in the region.

    There are no easy fixes for Nigeria’s crude oil theft problem. But there are options to help reduce the problem, which could, if managed well, have positive effects for tackling and reducing other forms of transnational organized crime.

    Satellite images of deforestation have helped convict illegal loggers in Latin American and Southeast Asian countries. Nigeria could use satellite technology to track ships carrying stolen crude. The tools for this exist, and they could reveal tell-tale signs of theft.

    Relatively cheap and unsophisticated surveillance equipment can be used to monitor attacks on oil pipelines and track the movements of suspicious cargo around the Gulf of Guinea. Remote sensors can be placed on pipelines, which are able to detect acts of vandalism. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are small surveillance aircraft remotely controlled, can also be used. For such a surveillance system to work, it must be placed in the hands of an organization that can be fully trusted. In addition, after the information is gathered, there needs to be an intervention squad to arrest and prosecute the vandals and bunkering agents that is free from the interference of those with vested interests in the illegal oil trade.

    With regards to the alleged direct involvement of the military and elites in oil theft, if information on the people caught in the process is made public, this will probably be followed by a demand for justice by Nigerian citizens and international activists. This action can lead to conviction and sentencing of the culprits, which in effect will deter other elites from venturing into oil theft. Transparent criminal records will also dissuade the government from awarding security contracts to militants, as this practice pose a challenge of double jeopardy whereby criminals are not prosecuted and the conflict situation in the region can be exacerbated with the militants’ access to funds and weapons.