Category: Online Special

  • Children prone to hand-foot-and-mouth disease

    Children prone to hand-foot-and-mouth disease

    Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, or HFMD, can send your child to bed in perfect health only to wake with sore bright red blisters erupting all over the body. HFMD is a contagious illness that is caused by different viruses. Despite its scary name, the illness is generally mild.

    Young children are more likely to get this disease but older children and adults can also get it. Everyone who has not already been infected is at risk of infection, but not everyone who is infected becomes ill. There are no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines available.

    The disease is characterised by fever and a non-itchy skin rash that is commonly seen on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and inside the mouth. The roof of the mouth, gums, tongue, and inner cheeks are most commonly affected. Additional symptoms may include common cold symptoms such as fever, sore throat, runny nose and cough.

    The rash commonly mimics lesions of a form of herpes simplex virus that causes chickenpox. But unlike herpes simplex, the HFMD rash develops very fast and usually does not itch. It’s bad for a few days and then it gets better without any treatment at all.

    HFMD is highly contagious and is spread person-to-person via direct contact with blister fluid, saliva, nose and throat discharge, airborne droplets produced by coughing or sneezing, and faeces. Eating and touching food with unwashed hands is a major causative factor in the development of HFMD.

    The viruses that cause HFMD can remain in a person’s respiratory or intestinal tract for several weeks to months. This allows for on-going transmission of the illness to those who are not immune (usually infants and children).

    The most common complication of HFMD is dehydration. If a child is finding it difficult to eat or drink due to painful mouth ulcers, offer ice cubes, yoghurts or other soft foods and avoid spicy and sour foods. Gargling or rinsing the mouth with salt water or an antiseptic mouthwash can often relieve the pain associated with mouth sores.

    It’s important to note that children with immune deficiencies such as HIV, cancers or other serious illnesses should be followed closely to avoid or promptly treat any potential complications.

    There’s no vaccine and little to be done by a doctor; viruses must run their course. Perhaps the most important distinction between bacterial and viral illnesses is that antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but have zero clinical value against viruses.

    Inappropriate use of antibiotics has helped create strains of bacterial diseases that are resistant to antibiotic medications. Antimicrobial resistance poses the potential risk of making previously treatable conditions untreatable.

    The best treatment for HFMD is prevention. To reduce the spread of the virus, public health officials advise frequent hand washing with soap, covering one’s mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing, and good personal hygiene.

    Frequent hand washing with soap and water is advised especially after touching any blister, before preparing food and eating, before feeding young infants, after using the toilet, and after changing nappies.

    HFMD it is not transmitted to or from pets or other animals and is not related to the disease with a similar name that affects animals.

     

    Couillard is an international health columnist that works in collaboration with the World Health Organization’s goals of disease prevention and control.

     Email: drcorycouillard@gmail.com, Facebook: Dr Cory Couillard and Twitter: DrCoryCouillard

     

  • Debunking cancer myths

    Debunking cancer myths

    World Cancer Day was celebrated on 4 February. Each year the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the International Union against Cancer and promotes ways to ease the global burden of cancer. This year’s theme was “Debunk the Myths”.

    The battle against cancer won’t be won with treatment alone. Effective prevention measures are urgently needed to prevent the ongoing cancer crisis.

    WHO statistics show that cancer claimed more than 8.2 million lives in 2012; ranking it as one of the leading causes of death. Cancer cases are expected to rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million within the next two decades.

    The deadliest forms of cancer include lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers. About one third of all cancer cases can be prevented through improving one’s diet, exercise, and lifestyle factors while reducing tobacco, alcohol and sugar use.

    Cancer myth 1 – Cancer is just a health issue

    Cancer is not only a serious medical condition but it also has wide-reaching social, familial, economic and discriminatory implications. It is known to affect all ages and socio-economic groups.

    The diagnosis coincidently is a cause and an outcome of poverty. Cancer commonly affects an individual’s ability to earn an ongoing income but its treatment can cause complete financial ruin as well.

    Cancer is skyrocketing in developing areas as they lack access to education, prevention techniques and health care access. The rapid urbanization undermines national and international health resources and leaves people dying from the disease.

    If the current trends continue, cancer is expected to increase by more than 70% in developing countries.

    Cancer myth 2 – Cancer is a death sentence

    Cancers that were once thought to carry a death sentence are now being cured and most importantly prevented through advances in lifestyle education, awareness and prevention programmes. The new treatment is actually prevention.

    Improved education and access to preventative care is bringing improved cancer outcomes to patients. A prime example is cervical cancer rates. Access to pap testing and awareness has lowered cervical cancer mortality by half between 1990 and 2010 in the UK.

    Cancer myth 3 – Cancer is my fate

    According to the World Cancer Research Fund, no more than 10% of cancers are due to inherited genes. Additionally, one third of the most common cancers can be prevented through lifestyle factors.

    One’s lifestyle will play an exclusive role in one’s overall health, energy and vitality. Lifestyle can be the difference between developing cancer at age 40 or 70. The difference is an improved quality of life.

    The WHO’s World Cancer Report 2014 advises a diet packed with vegetables, fruit, and whole grains; cutting down on alcohol and red meat; and eliminating processed meat completely.

    Chronic infections from hepatitis B, C and some types of sexually transmitted human papilloma virus (HPV) are leading risk factors for cancer in the region. Cervical cancer, caused by HPV, is a leading cause of cancer death among women.

    A PAP test and visual inspection by a qualified healthcare professional are effective ways to screen asymptomatic individuals. Early screening and diagnosis programmes are particularly important in low-resource settings where the majority of patients are diagnosed in very late stages.

    Don’t wait until it’s too late – prevention and early detection saves lives. Maintain a healthy weight, eat well, cut out sugar, keep active, limit alcohol and do not smoke.

    Couillard is an international health columnist that works in collaboration with the World Health Organization’s goals of disease prevention and control. He can be reached via:

    Email: drcorycouillard@gmail.com, Facebook: Dr Cory Couillard, Twitter: DrCoryCouillard

     

  • 6 reasons to marry early

    6 reasons to marry early

    The question of the right time to get married has been a hot topic in different groups and talk shows over the past few months. Society and some cultures have driven the concept of late marriage deep in the consciousness of everyone because of the alarming increase in divorce which has made marriage a feat for only those with courage.  Damian, a married man says “Our culture is all for marrying very late and then having kids. And that does work for some people. But if you find the right girl/guy, don’t waste time for the sake of marrying late”

    This article in no way endorses a rush to the altar however; we must outline the benefits of doing it early.

    1.       Prevent sin: For those who believe in the concept of purity before marriage. Early marriage is one thing that can help you enjoy sex the way it was designed. “In the confines of a marriage union” Despite our culture’s acceptance sex outside of marriage, doing it within marriage helps prevent things like rejection, pain and unwanted pregnancy.

    2.       Earn more: It is said that those who are married earn more than their single counterparts. An online journal published by Oxford University Press states “It is shown that married men feel less satisfied with their financial situation as compared to their single counterparts. These results indicate that a lower level of pay satisfaction induce married men to put more effort into their work, which leads to higher wages.”

    3.       Respect: Whether or not we come accept this, married people are more respected in society than their unmarried counterparts. Toke Makinwa, an on-air-personality, once said that traffic enforcement agents are more careful with women who have rings on their fingers because they do not know who they are married to. This is true, even in the work environment and society in general; a promotion will readily be give to someone who is married and one who is perceived to be more responsible. Since we all want to make significant advancements in our career and make it fast. An early marriage may be the solution.

    4.       Have kids young: Stephen Miller aptly sums this by saying “Having kids young means they graduate and are out of the house when you’re still young. Only instead of being young and broke, you’ll be young with money. You’ll likely have spent years establishing your career and finances, and will have the finances and freedom to do many of the things you always wanted to do.

    5.       You’ll never find the right companion: Many are in constant search for their ‘one true love’ and this tend to make them spend more years waiting, but as Stephen Miller says “You will never really find the right person and if you do, you’re probably not the right person for them – at least for long. I don’t mean this to sound fatalistic and this doesn’t mean just marry the next person you date because you’re not going find “the one.” You’re both going to change a ton over the years.

    6.      You can never really be ready: You will always want to make more money and be more comfortable and be a better person to ‘increase’ your options. But it’s even better when you can grow and become better with the person you love by your side, supporting you and propping you up during this journey. Therefore, waiting till you are ready for marriage is wrong because you will never be ready. Rather, get married when your resources can take care of your wife and she also has her source of income as well.

     

  • ‘Global elite is insane’

    ‘Global elite is insane’

    In a recent report titled ‘Working for the Few: Political capture and economic inequality’
    Oxfam informs us that ‘Almost half of the world’s wealth is now owned by just one percent of the population’. Their report goes on to recommend that the World Economic Forum an elite gathering held annually in Davos, Switzerland, take economic and political measures to ensure a more equitable distribution of wealth.

    And in his explanation of why he attended the recent Forum in Davos, Kumi Naidoo, the Executive Director of Greenpeace International tells us ‘If we manage to shift the consciousness of one CEO or senior political leader, who may do the same with a couple of his peers, then I think it is worth it. It is also worth being there, listening and observing, understanding some of the forces that shape our world and importantly feeding that information back to the rest of Greenpeace and other civil society allies.’

    As anyone who pays even the slightest realistic attention to the global elite already knows, the elite’s efforts to maximise its political and economic clout, and hence its wealth, at the expense of everyone else and the Earth itself, are carefully crafted. And this is not going to change
    on our recommendation or because we talk to them, or even because we listen to them. Moreover, the reason is simple.

    The global elite is insane. And it is incredibly violent.

    I would like to illustrate this insanity and violence briefly, explains what I mean by ‘insane’ and then outline a strategy to resist it.

    In a video statement in 2012, the world’s richest woman, Gina Rinehart, called for Australian workers to be paid $A2 per day in a national economy where the current legal minimum wage is $A124 per day for a full-time adult worker. But Rinehart is not alone in advocating or, indeed, implementing such policies. Slave ‘wages’ are a common occurrence all over the world as most factory workers, particularly those employed by the world’s largest corporations in Africa, Asia and Central/South America, can readily testify.

    We also know that 50,000 people (85% of them children) die in Africa, Asia and Central/South America each and every day essentially because they do not have enough to eat. This is a death rate that results in a cumulative death total that dwarfs both the death rate and the total number of deaths in all war throughout human history.

    Incredibly, even the number of deaths on 6 and 9 August 1945, when nuclear weapons were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulted in less than 50,000 individual deaths for each of these two days (and each of those subsequent). Apart from this, we know that about one billion people around the world go to bed in a semi-starved condition each night. Moreover, we know that the global elite takes deliberate measures to maintain and exacerbate this cruel state of affairs by planning and working to implement such atrociously unjust economic arrangements as those outlined in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) on top of the already highly damaging economic structures and relationships of capitalism.

    How do you feel when you read these facts? If you are like me, you are horrified at the thought that you might starve yourself, you empathise deeply with those who suffer this fate and you make some effort to ameliorate it or change it (ranging from giving a donation, preferably to an organisation with more political savvy than Oxfam and Greenpeace, to campaigning to resist implementation of the TPP and TAFTA). You do this because you feel empathy, sympathy and compassion. You do this because you perceive the injustice and you want to take some action, at least, to change it. You identify with your fellow human beings who are suffering.

    Insanity is widely understood to refer to a state of mind that prevents normal perception, behaviour or social interaction; it describes someone who is considered to be seriously mentally ill.

    Do you believe that individual members of the global elite share your perception (which is shaped by your empathy, sympathy and compassion)? Who is normal: you or them? Are individual members of the global elite behaving and interacting as you would? Do they share your conception of what a desirable human community “with its basis in such values as love, solidarity, equity, justice and sustainability” might look like?

    It is clear to me that, as a result of the violence they each suffered as a child, we can readily conclude that each individual within the global elite falls within the definition of ‘insane’: someone who is incapable of ‘normal perception, behaviour and social interaction’, someone who is incapable of love, compassion, empathy and sympathy. And this is why they
    do not join efforts to restructure the global economy to ensure distributive justice for all and disburse their personal wealth to those most in need as a measure of their commitment to the creation of a humane world based on equity, justice and sustainability.

    So how did this insanity occur? In essence, these individuals suffered an extraordinary level of terror and violence during childhood leaving them particularly badly emotionally damaged. See

    Why Violence?
    Specifically, for example, two central psychological characteristics of these individuals are that they are terrified and self-hating but, because they unconsciously suppress their awareness of this terror and self-hatred (because it is too painful to feel), they project it as fear of and hatred for ‘legitimised’ victim groups, including working people and ‘poor’ people in Africa, Asia and Central/South America. Because of the violence they suffered as children, these individuals never developed a conscience, they never developed the capacity to love, and they never developed the emotional responses of compassion, empathy and sympathy. And this is why they do not care.

    It takes persistent violence inflicted throughout childhood to destroy an individual’s innate capacity to develop love, compassion, empathy and sympathy. Tragically, any member of the global elite, as well as any of their paid agents in the professional class (the political lackeys who
    generate the delinquent legislative frameworks that facilitate the exploitation of ordinary people, the business executives who undertake the daily management of this exploitation, the academics who justify it, the judges and lawyers who defend it and repress its opponents, and the media
    personnel who obscure the truth about it), has suffered this degree of violence, or very close to it, throughout their childhood.

    And this is why these individuals are incapable of understanding that hoarded money and resources cannot provide them with security, particularly in the world that is coming. They are incapable of understanding that true security is the result of cooperative human relationships and a cooperative relationship between humans and the natural world.

    Resisting elite violence strategically

    So how do we strategically resist the insanity and violence of the global elite? How do we replace elite-controlled structures with ones that meet the needs of all human beings as well as the planet and other species? And how do we do all of this within a timeframe in which the Earth’s ecological limits are not fundamentally breached?

    To do all of these things, we need an integrated strategy that tackles the fundamental cause of violence while tackling all of its symptoms simultaneously. This strategy has four primary elements.

    First, and most importantly, we must review our child-raising practices to exclude all types of violence (including those I have labelled ‘invisible’ and ‘utterly invisible’) so that we no longer create insane individuals and perpetrators of violence.  Let us create people of conscience, people of courage, people who care.

    Second, we must non-cooperate, in a strategic manner, with elite-controlled structures and processes while simultaneously creating alternative, local structures that allow us to self-reliantly meet our own needs in an ecologically sustainable manner. Anita McKone and I have mapped out a fifteen-year strategy for doing this in ‘The Flame Tree Project to Save Life on Earth’

    Third, we must keep planning and implementing sophisticated campaigns of nonviolent resistance to prevent/halt wars, end economic exploitation and save threatened ecosystems, as well as strategies of nonviolent defense to liberate Palestinians, Tibetans and other oppressed populations in those circumstances in which elite violence must be directly confronted (see Robert J. Burrowes ‘The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach’, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996 and Gene Sharp ‘The Politics of Nonviolent Action’, Boston: Porter Sargent, 1973).

    And fourth, we must courageously pay the price of violent elite repression when we resist nonviolently, knowing that many of us are going to be imprisoned (sometimes as ‘psychiatric’ patients), some of us will be tortured and a great many of us will be killed.

    In summary, if we are to effectively resist the elite’s violence in our lives and take concrete steps to create our nonviolent world community, then we must recognise that individual members of the global elite are insane and cannot take responsibility for ending their violence. Instead, we must take responsibility for ending their violence while creating a world in which damaged individuals are unlikely to be created and, if they are created, they cannot wreak havoc on the rest of us.

    If you would like to consider publicly committing yourself to helping to make this nonviolent world a reality, you can read (and, if you wish, sign online) ‘The People’s Charter to Create a Nonviolent World’ http://thepeoplesnonviolencecharter.wordpress.com

    Burrowes has a lifetime commitment to understanding and ending human violence. He has done extensive research since 1966 in an effort to understand why human beings are violent and has been a nonviolent activist since 1981. He is the author of ‘Why Violence?’ http://tinyurl.com/whyviolence His email address is flametree@riseup.net and his website is at http://robertjburrowes.wordpress.com

  • ‘I’ll fight for rights of women with my last strength’

    ‘I’ll fight for rights of women with my last strength’

    Dr. Joe Okei-Odumakin, human rights activist and president Women Arise for Change Initiative, spoke to Blessing Olisa, on why she will continue to fight for rights of women.

     

    What inspired your relentless fight for the rights of women?

    Passion for justice is what inspired me. I hate injustice I have the violation of women’s human rights.Women are marginalized, they are treated as second fiddle, men like to use them as extra tyre. So there is the need to fight for the rights of the women.So anywhere I see injustice to women, I am moved into action and I will be ready to fight it with the last strength in me.

    How has the struggle been?

    The struggle has been very interesting. The struggle continues because there are lots of challenges confronting the women folk.

    There has not been any respite for us because the rate at which women are abused in Nigeria in the last 5 years is very worrisome. Statistics have it that 2 out of every 5 women experience one form of abuse or the other everyday ranging from physical violence (battering); psychological torture, emotional torture; and sexual violence including rape.

    The rate of violence against women is very alarming. Almost every day you listen to the news or read a newspaper not less than 2 cases of assault on women are reported this shows that women are abused all the time.

    There is no remarkable improvement yet. The rate of women abuse is still very high but this is not to say there couldn’t be improvement but we need to work hard to eradicate it. So the struggle continues until we get victory.

    Every adventure comes with its challenges. What has been yours?

    Yes, there are lots of challenges, the first is the lack of political will on the part of our leaders to implement policies and programmes that will help eradicate all forms of violence against women and that could also enhance women political participation.

    The second in is paucity of funds to really work on women issues.

    Third is the hostile environment of work. People in authority (policy makers) always like to frustrate ones effort at getting justice for the less privileged women.

    How can the struggle for women emancipation reduce or totally erase the cases of rape in Nigeria and by extension, the world?

    Our recent activities bothers on educating Nigerians most especially women on the prevalence of violence against women and girls and how to protect themselves against violence targeted at them (Women).

    Women Arise is also working on gender based violence affecting young people in Nigeria. We are bringing all stakeholders – CSOs, traditional gatekeepers, policy makers and the media together to discuss the prevalence of violence against women so as to develop a national plan of action for a zero tolerance of violence against women. Most especially sexual violence such as rape.

    Women Arise also runs a Women’s human rights clinic where we counsel victims of sexual violence and also link them to support centres.

    What should women and the society do to support you so that the cause can be better advanced?

    Women and the society in general must join hands to work together to stop violence against women.  All hands must be on deck for a zero tolerance on violence against women.

    We must know that injustice to one is injustice to all and collectively we must fight to stop it.

    Women at all level need to be involved in what we are doing-they could support with their time, money and also their professional knowledge.

    There is the rising case of wife battery. What do you think Nigerian wives are doing wrongly that has turned them into punching bags and objects of ridicule at the hands of men?

    I do not think Nigerian wives are doing anything wrongly. What I see is that there is a high level of poverty and frustration has set in so husbands transfer their aggressions on their wives.

    There is a legislation banning violence against women which is pretty silent. Do you think that this legislation is just rusting away, or it is being wrongly interpreted?

    Yes the law exists in Lagos, Ekiti and one other State, but the implementation of the law is rather poor.

    The one in Lagos State lacks practice direction and some of the things the law mandated the Ministry of Justice and the Office of the Chief Judge to do are not yet done so there is the need for the full implementation of the law.

    There are not many people who are aware of the legislation banning violence against women. What can be done to increase the awareness and ensure that the law is better understood so that it can be better applied and bring redress to the cases of wife battery and suppression of women?

    Yes, a lot of people are not aware of the law. What we are doing right now is to create awareness among the populace about the existence of the law and how it can be applied.

    On the other hand, we are also engaging government on the implementation of the law while also conducting capacity building programmes with the law enforcement agencies on the application of the law.

    The subject of affirmative action, i.e, 38 per cent women representation in political offices has been adhered to. What should be the role of women in the elections scheduled for early 2015?

    Women groups in Nigeria are already collaborating and networking with each other in order to get more women in elective and appointive positions in Nigeria through the 2015 election.

    There are More Women groups and others who are engaging with political parties through lobbying and advocacy to create space for more women to contest in the 2015 General Elections.

    Many women are unaware of the potentials they have to bring about change in feminine issues. What plans do you have to sensitize women and make them realize that they are equal with men before the law and before God?

    There is a massive awareness programme going on now at the level of our organization – Women Arise for Change Initiative. The programme is a bottom-up approach at sensitizing women to let them put to use their God-given potentials and never to see themselves as inferior to men.

     

  • Why I hate wedding vows

    Why I hate wedding vows

    Anyone who knows me knows that I have a love-war relationship with weddings. After all it is the happiest day of a couples life, a day where everyone can get together in smiling faces and their best Aso Ebi’s (that they will probably never wear again), a day where the pastor will bless the wedding and give stories of why the couple should stay together, for better, for worse, in sickness and in health, till death do us part!

    And here in lies my issue with weddings. They give…in fact everybody gives the image of the permanency of marriage, that divorce is a sin, that you should do all you can do to stay in your marriage, that there is no reason on the face of the earth why you should leave your man or woman, except death separates you.

    And sometimes death does occur. It might not be the physical death, but most of the times it is emotional death. Psychological death.

    Situations where a husband (mostly) turns his wife into a punching bag…but she does not leave, because of the vow…that vow. The better or for worse vow, then he beats her till she is almost sick, but she does not leave, because of the in sickness and in health vow, then he brutalizes her, almost defaces her, scars and in some cases kills her, and that is when she eventually leaves, till death to us part. But by then it is too late…

    You see women; have been brought up to believe the permanency of marriage. And for the most part, especially in my country, they live out their wedding vows.

    But what if we change the wedding vows? What if the Pastor changes his or her message? What if the pastor speaks the truth and lets the woman know that there are indeed times…times when she has to run for life, times when she has to take the kids away from the home and never bring them back. What if the pastor spoke about these things, not just in pulpit, but in the wedding vows? What if a woman was allowed to vow on her wedding:

    To have and to hold, in sickness and in health, unless you become a psychotic and deranged wife beater…then I vow to leave your ass!

    What if?

    I tell you what if, I believe more women around the world will know that they can leave marriages when it turns for the worse. And contrary to the naysayers, it will not proliferate a mass binge of divorces across the nation. It will actually make marriages better, because the men know now that they have to step up and that their wives are not going to be there regardless.

     Ofili writes from Lagos.

  • How attitudes inhibit condom use

    How attitudes inhibit condom use

    Despite condoms being one of the best ways to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as human papilloma virus (HPV) and HIV, their use is still relatively unpopular.

    Despite some success, low rates of condom use occur especially in rural areas and within adolescent marriages. This not only points to a lack of awareness and availability but also people’s beliefs and attitudes towards them.

    According to The Lancet, the world’s leading medical journal, adolescents who use condoms face discrimination, stigmatization and a lack of trust. Condom use often creates a perception that a potential sexual partner is ‘clean’ or ‘unclean’ – so it is ok not to use a condom if a partner is deemed ‘clean’.

    The media is important in changing and improving these attitudes by pushing the message to ‘condomize’, get tested and to abstain.  However, while education is vital, no education campaign will make a difference unless people alter their behaviours.

    According to UNAIDS, “focusing only on the individual psychological process ignores the interactive relationship of behaviour in its social, cultural and economic dimension thereby missing the possibility to fully understand crucial determinants of behaviour.”

    This points out, in many cases that motivations for sex are complicated, unclear and may not be thought through in advance. Behavioural change has been found to be most effective within the context of adolescent life-skills education that is related to sexual behaviour and reproductive health.

    Condom use and safe sex practices are more common in non-steady sexual relationships versus long-term ones. Studies in Kenya and Zambia show that marriage increases the frequency of sex but decreases the use of condoms.

    Low use of condoms in marriage severely restricts a woman’s ability to protect herself from STIs. Adolescent married girls were found to have higher levels of HIV infection than non-married sexually active girls the same age – demonstrating that marriage is not protective in some settings and can actually increase the risk.

    Every year, one in 20 adolescent girls gets a bacterial infection through sexual contact, and the age at which infections are acquired is becoming younger and younger. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. They can lead to chronic diseases, AIDS, pregnancy complications, infertility, cervical cancer and death.

    The most common conditions they cause include gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, trichomoniasis, chancroid, genital herpes, genital warts, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hepatitis B infection.

    In pregnancy, untreated early syphilis is responsible for one in four stillbirths and 14% of neonatal (newborn) deaths. Up to 15% of pregnant women in the region test positive for syphilis and interventions could prevent 492 000 stillbirths per year.

    The success of antiretroviral therapy in reducing illness and prolonging life has altered the perception of risk associated with HIV. A perception of low-risk and a sense of complacency can lead to unprotected sex through reduced or non-consistent condom use.

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “condoms, as a proven effective barrier method, can be used as a dual-purpose method for both prevention of pregnancy and protection against HIV and other STIs. For maximum effect any barrier method for contraception or infection prevention has to be used correctly and consistently.”

    The promotion of correct and consistent use of condoms – within antiretroviral treatment programmes, and within reproductive health and family planning services – is essential to reduce HIV transmission.

    The most effective means to avoid becoming infected with or spreading a sexually transmitted infection is to abstain from sexual intercourse or to have sexual intercourse only within a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.

     

    Couillard is an international health columnist that works in collaboration with the World Health Organization’s goals of disease prevention and control. Views do not necessarily reflect endorsement.You can reach him via:

     

    Email: drcorycouillard@gmail.com

    Facebook: Dr Cory Couillard

    Twitter: DrCoryCouillard

     

  • Preventing cancer

    Preventing cancer

    As the world commemorates world cancer day, Blessing Olisa writes that the government should intensify more efforts in formulating policies aimed at preventing the disease.

     

    Cancer is any of over 100 diseases caused by excessive and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, called tumours, which invade and destroy other tissues. It develops in almost every part of the body and is life threatening, but certain cancers are more life threatening than others. Although statistics in Nigeria are not available, cancer is the second leading cause of death in US and Canada.

    From documented cases, cancer rates vary based on gender, age, race, diet, lifestyle and geographic location. More men than women develop cancer and African Americans are more likely to develop it than other racial groups in North America. The frequencies of certain cancers also vary globally – breast cancer is more common in wealthy countries while cervical cancer is more common in poor countries.

    Other types of cancer include: prostate cancer which is peculiar to men, cancers of the lung, bladder, skin, stomach and kidney. Uterine and ovarian cancers (of the uterus and ovaries respectively) are peculiar to women, and leukaemia, a cancer that contaminates the blood.

    Cancers are common to people of all ages, but are more common to people over the age of 50. Cancer usually develops gradually over many years and is linked to a complex mix of environmental, nutritional, behavioural and hereditary factors. Although the causes of cancer are not completely known, scientists agree that certain lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of developing many types of cancer.

    About 65 years ago, anyone diagnosed with cancer was considered incurable. Today in the US, about 75% of Americans diagnosed with cancer live longer than five years. Few years ago, the American Cancer Society attributed the decrease in cases of cancer to decline in smoking, earlier detection and improved treatment. The sooner cancer is discovered, the better a person’s chance for survival.

    Other facts about cancer

    • Chronic infections are estimated to cause approximately 16% of all cancers globally, with the figure rising to 23% in developing countries. Cancers caused by infections have a higher mortality rate.
    • In developing countries, including Nigeria, some of the most common cancers such as liver, cervical and stomach cancers are associated with infections with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papilloma virus (HPV) and the bacterium, helicobater pylori (H.Pylori) respectively.
    • Interventions such as immunization, treatment of infection and behaviour change can reduce exposure to specific risk factors.
    • According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were 12.7 million cases of cancer globally in 2008, of which 5.6 million occurred in economically developed countries.
    • Over 85% of the 275,000 women who die every year from cervical cancer are from developing countries, including Nigeria.
    • The World Health Organization estimates that 177,000 cancer deaths are related to occupational exposure to carcinogens – substances that can cause cancer, they include radiation, chemicals and some viruses – with one in every three deaths estimated to be caused by asbestos.
    • More than 70% of the 160,000 newly diagnosed cases of childhood cancer worldwide each year lack access to effective treatment. The result is an unacceptably low survival rate of approximately 10% in some low (and middle) income countries compared to approximately 90% in some high income countries.
    • Poor and vulnerable populations are unable to afford expensive cancer care, which must often be paid by patients’ out-of-pocket, pushing families further into poverty.
    • A short list of medications can control cancer pain for almost 90% of all people with the pain including children, yet little or no access to adequate pain treatment is the norm in many countries, including Nigeria.

    Preventive measures

    Government

    • Ensure and enforce 100 per cent tobacco ban and smoke-free environments.
    • Set up adequate safety and protective standards for people who work in asbestos producing and other hazardous chemical companies in Nigeria.
    • Provide potable water for citizens so that they are not exposed to the risks that accompany use of rain water that is channelled through asbestos roofing.
    • Subsidize cancer care and treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), universal coverage is the hallmark of a government’s commitment to improve the wellbeing of all its citizens.

    Citizens

    • Imbibe healthy behaviours by eliminating tobacco use, reducing the intake of alcohol.
    • Practice healthy eating habits. Cut off poor diet and eat foods rich in fruits and vegetables.
    • Protect the skin from sun rays.
    • Go for screening. For cervical cancer, studies have shown that even a single screening between the ages of 30 and 40 can reduce a woman’s lifetime risk of cervical cancer by one third.
    • Drink plenty of water.

    The human body is created to react by giving warning signs when things begin to go wrong. However, most people take those warning signs for granted and subscribe to different options, including self medication and traditional medicine (including roots and herbs), because they suppose that the discomfort will only be short-lived. Don’t wait till it becomes too late. Seek help by visiting a medical professional.

    Global advocacy message:

    The implementation of policies and programmes that support a life-course approach to prevention, and strengthen the capacity of individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles choices can bring about behavioural change, which can help prevent cancer.

  • Global Diaspora : Africa’s goldmine and bridge to prosperity

    Global Diaspora : Africa’s goldmine and bridge to prosperity

    Zimbabwean born Martin Ganda says the future of Africa depends on the synergy between the business and government leaders in the  continent  and those that have gained a global perspective by working across the world.

     

    Africa is a continent filled with opportunities, from mining to real estate to agriculture. However, the potential for projects in these areas is stunted by the limited accessibility to capital.

    I see the current generation of young people who have left Africa as its next generation of builders. Armed with access to global networks and pools of capital, our generation can help contribute to the economic boom of Africa. Whereas our parents and grandparents fought imperialism, our generation must strive to create its own legacy of economic victory, improving the quality of life for even the most unfortunate communities in Africa.

    I believe it is our generation’s obligation to work with investors so we can take advantage of the resources that we have in Africa. Whilst we understand the history between colonial masters and our ancestors, we are free to look forward to the future and realize that this is a new era. We are at a great advantage because of our background growing up in Africa; we understand the culture and have strong ties to our community as well as close connections to the decision makers, some of whom are family members or friends.

    We have an edge as we have also spent years abroad building new relationships with influential global players in America, Europe, and Asia. We have experience working in the developed world in sophisticated institutions and have become familiar with world financiers.

    I believe it is our time to play a pivotal role in Africa’s development by participating in business in Africa. We can utilize our connections abroad to finance ventures in Africa. We are very fortunate to have had the chance to grow up in Africa. Africa is a continent that thrives on relationships, and our childhood there gave us the skills to develop deeper relationships abroad.These relationships, combined with our business skills, put the youth of Africa in a position to make major contributions to the long-term business growth of our great continent.

    We are the architects of Africa’s growth and we owe it to those we have left at home to contribute to and develop our villages, towns, and communities. Despite our booming economy, Africa is lagging in internal development when compared to the rest of the world. We must strive to improve ourselves, working toward an Africa with highways andsophisticated transport systems, world class telecommunications, impressive standards of living for the bulk of the population, human rights that are actually respected, and freedom and societal support for the weaker and poorer members of our society. We are uniquely poised to contribute to development because of our exposure to the rest of the world, our experiences in career and education, and the worldwide business networks we have cultivated.

    It will not be easy. Investing in Africa and learning to work with people from another culture can be very difficult. We have different standards of efficiency, and the business environment can be hard to understand when one party is across the world. However, by working together and leveraging those Africans already in places of power and financial influence in America, Asia, and Europe, we can broker the new business relationships that are vital for Africa’s growth.

    The future of Africa hinges on the synergy between the business and government leaders in our mother countries, and those of us that have gained a global perspective by working across the world.  Many African professionals are familiar with the economies of our home countries, but can also bring global insights back to our government and businesses.The African businesses and governments need young people to act as bridges to the global markets and to leverage our global relationships. We are in a unique position to act as trusted advisors to businesses looking to venture into African markets, and our language skills will help us to broker deals in both the private and public sectors. These different perspectives will bring rich and diverse ideas to African leadership.

     

    As our African governments and businesses deal with international firms, it is worthwhile to engage the diverse talent pool as some of them already know or have worked with international firms, and can be the bridge between the international firm and the local African governments and businesses. Most of the time, important deals between African governments and African businesses are negotiated by people who might not have experience in the nuances of that deal, resulting in an unfair position as our African governments and businesses end up with the shorter length of the stick.For instance, several mining deals between African governments and mining companies end up benefiting the miners at the expense of the government. Typically, deals are skewed in favor of the international mining firms who are able to hire the best talent in the world to out negotiate our African governments and business counterparts, most of whom have no prior experience in deals of this magnitude.

    In South Africa, the Bafokeng tribe in the platinum-rich Bafokeng region managed to hire global mining lawyers and experts to negotiate on their behalf with the global platinum mining giants, and today the Bafokeng tribe is the richest in their region. James Sutherland, lawyer to the Bafokeng from themid-1990s, asserts that ‘the playing fields are skewed.’ The owners of the mining resources, usually African communities, are not able to match the high-powered mining experts that the big companies employ, and are not knowledgeable enough to analyze or evaluate the potential of their mines. According to Sutherland, he was told that the African owners would have to ‘listen toa litany of lies as the mining representatives told the owner what the deal was about’(MBENGA). Yes, we have talent locally, but most of the globally competitive African talent is in the diaspora;we must tap into this talent to negotiate deals on behalf of African governments and businesses.

    Thus, the rest of the world holds the key to furthering Africa’s business prosperity and bright future. With the world getting smaller, and the increasing need for idea and resource collaboration, now is the moment to take advantage of win-win partnerships with local and global companies and leaders, tapping into our experiences and talents.

     

    Zimbabwean born Martin Ganda is interested in economic development of Africa. He is a member of The Milken Institute Young Leaders Circle. He can be contacted at martinganda@gmail.com

  • ‘Life in US as an immigrant’

    ‘Life in US as an immigrant’

    Deba Uwadie, a Nigerian journalist who relocated to the United States (US) through the Visa Lottery, shares his experience with Lekan Otufodunrin, Editor, online and offers tips on how a new and a potential immigrant can live and settle down in the United States in his new book titled; The Immigrant on Columbus Way.

    Why are you publishing the book and the choice of the title?

    The book is a guide to settling down in the United States of America as new and potential immigrants.It came out of our own experience and challenges of things we thought we knew and things we did not know. We did not have a documented guide as it is in the book but just worked along based on what we were told and advice from friends. But it would have been easier for us if we had a guide as it is in The Immigrant on Columbus Way.
    The choice of the title “The Immigrant on Columbus Way” is because virtually everything happened in Columbus, Ohio. There are certain things that are done differently in the different states of the United States of America but the principles are the same.

    What is the book about?

    The book is a non-fiction story written as a step-by-step guide on how a new and a potential immigrant can live and settle down in a typical city in the United States, with Columbus, Ohio being the model for the book. It takes a reader through the stages of what to do from the very first expectation in a narration that is real and practical with nothing to hide. These include when to apply for the social security number, the importance of the driver license, job, accommodation and school.

    Based on your experience and others what is the life of a typical immigrant in US?

    It is a humbling life because a typical immigrant is beginning again, as it were. Though many opportunities abound, but an immigrant must take his turn, at least learning and experiencing the basics. For me who is a journalist, I came in when many newspapers were closing down in the United States and the city, Columbus, Ohio which has about 1.5 million population and 3million in the metropolitan Columbus, has just one daily general interest newspaper, the Columbus Dispatch. The local degrees are first recognized before degrees from abroad as our own degrees are referred to. Therefore, do I need to wait until I am able to get into the Columbus Dispatch? Of course no. But I need to settle down. That is what the book is all about.

    How easy was it for you to settle down in US? What have you had to do to readjust to living in US?

    Honestly, settling down would have been earlier and easier for me than it took for if I had a guide like “The Immigrant on Columbus Way”. It took us up to 100days to settle down and that is from getting our social security number, a job and our apartment. I had to work other jobs apart from journalism to settle down. Where I first worked is contained in the book. But it was interesting and I enjoyed the humblying part of it.
    Your book is a step to step account for immigrants to settle down. What are the basic things potential immigrants should know?
    An immigrant to the United States of America should know that without the social security number he cannot get a job, and enjoy other basic benefits that come with it like education, state identification card or driver license, accommodation, banking and more.

    What is the prospect for Nigerians interested in relocating to US?

    The prospect is great, honestly. But the challenge now is that the process that brought us in which is the US Visa Lottery has removed Nigeria from the list. But the government is working hard with the congress to use other forms such as the highly skill. I give you an example, I went to school for a one year course and enjoyed the government grant and education loan. Even my form fee of $200 was built into the loan; I did not have to pay a dime to go to school. I just started repayment after six months of graduating from the school. I pay $75 a month. I am able to write this book here with the pleasure of all the accompanying supports such as electricity and instant access to information. Does it stop me from coming back home, of course not? But the abundance of opportunities to do what you know best abound.

    Any other thing you think Nigerians should know about America?

    It could be a land of opportunities and freedom but it definitely has its own challenges. One could be sucked in and forget other things, including where one is coming from and one could be focused working towards set out goals and operate at that level depending on one’s choice.