Category: Special Report

  • US, UK monitors validate INEC’s final result

    US, UK monitors validate INEC’s final result

    •Anambra election in percentages 

    The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) yesterday validated the final result declared by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) on Anambra State governorship election.

    Along with the US-based National Democratic Institute (NDI), the international organisations partnered with the Youth Initiative for Advocacy, Growth and Advancement (YIAGA) on a project called Watching the Vote (WTV).

    They used a parallel vote tabulation (PVT) methodology to compare the results.

    In a verification statement issued after incumbent Governor Willie Obiano of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) was declared winner, the observers said the win percentage estimate for the parties tallied with INEC’s results.

    For the APGA, the observers estimated 52.1-57.7 per cent, while INEC declared 55.4 per cent.

    The other ranges are: All Progressives Congress (APC), 20.4-24.8 per cent (INEC, 23.4), Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), 15.8-19.4 per cent (INEC, 16.6) and the United Peoples Party (UPP), 1.0-2.2 per cent (INEC, 1.9).

    The observers said: “The INEC official result is consistent with the YIAGA WTV estimated range.

    “Had the official results been changed at the ward, local government area or state collation centres, the official result would not have fallen within the YIAGA WTV estimated ranges.

    “Because the official results fall within the estimated ranges, governorship contestants, parties, and voters should have confidence that INEC’s official results for the Anambra 2017 gubernatorial election reflects the ballots cast at polling units.”

    On their observations, YIAGA said the management of logistics was poor in rural areas, with INEC officials arriving by 7.30am at only 28 per cent of the polling units on average.

    According to the group, it was possible to see how a voter’s ballot paper was marked in 14 per cent of the units; however, 92 per cent of the units were properly set up.

    YIAGA said 13 per cent of polling units completed accreditation and voting by 2pm, while 82 per cent of them completed the process by 3.pm.

    YIAGA’s findings are based on reports from 243 polling units from a representative statistical sample of 250.

    INEC officials, YIAGA said, arrived at 28 per cent of polling units by 7.30am on Saturday.

    Only 75 per cent of the polling units were open as at 10am, while almost 98 per cent of polling units had card readers, YIAGA said.

    The group said APC agents were at 89 per cent of polling units; those of APGA were at 96 per cent of the units; while those of PDP were at 87 per cent of the units.

    YIAGA said the card reader functioned in 77 per cent of the units, adding that one in four persons was allowed to vote even without the authentication of fingerprints.

    The group said there were attempts to intimidate, harass and influence the polling officials at four per cent of the units.

    YIAGA said its data centre received 36 critical incident reports, 14 of which were card reader malfunctions and six of which were cases of vote buying or bribery.

    On vote buying, YIAGA said: “The secrecy of the ballot remains a cardinal feature of democratic elections. Evidence abound that the secrecy of the ballot in this election was undermined in some polling units.

    “This created an opportunity for vote buying. There were also cases of bribery of election officials. These acts occurred in the presence of security officials who made no arrests or attempts to abate the illegality.”

    The group said the delay in the collation and announcement of results at the collation centre raised unnecessary suspicion among key stakeholders.

    It urged losers to accept the results and to show political maturity and maintain peace.

    It urged INEC to address the challenges in distribution of materials and training of ad-hoc staff, among others.

  • Obasanjo, Jonathan used police against governors, says Senate panel

    Obasanjo, Jonathan used police against governors, says Senate panel

    •Senators hail Buhari for ordering return of Obiano’s security details

    Former Presidents Olusegun Obasanjo and Goodluck Jonathan used the police as a political tool against perceived opponents, the Senate Committee on Police Affairs alleged yesterday.

    The committee was mandated by the Senate in plenary on Wednesday to ensure immediate compliance to its resolution demanding the reinstatement of Anambra State Governor Willie Obiano’s security details.

    The upper chamber asked the committee to follow up the resolution and report back to the Senate yesterday.

    Chaired by Senator Abu Ibrahim, the committee said in its report that “it is significant and exemplary” that President Muhammadu Buhari  ordered the immediate reinstatement of the governor’s security aides even before the Senate resolution.

    It described the withdrawal of Obiano’s security aides as “most unfortunate,” and added that “it is heartwarming that the police authorities have explained that the action was not intended to cause the governor any injury or harm”.

    The committee said: “Nigerians must not forget however that the perceived use of the police to persecute a sitting governor was actually made a best-practice tool by immediate past administrations.

    “In those days of impunity, the directives (to use the police to persecute political opponents) were directly linked to the presidency and the then sitting presidents never issued any instructions to counter the positions of the police and security services.

    “The following examples illustrate clearly: ‘Dr. Chris Ngige as the then Governor of Anambra State suffered abduction and when he regained freedom and attempted to castigate the powers that be at the federal level, his security details were withdrawn on January 2, 2005.

    “In April 2007, a few days to the election, ’higher’ authorities ordered the withdrawal of the ADC and the CSO to Senator Bola Ahmed Tinubu. The APC leader was also threatened with arrest in the lead-up to the 2011 elections.

    “In September 2013, the then Governor Rotimi Amaechi, in his capacity as the Chairman of the Nigerian Governors’ Forum, was harassed on several occasions with the threat of withdrawal of his security aides.

    “While his were repeated threats, the President of this Distinguished Senate, Dr. Bukola Saraki, was not that lucky. His aides were actually withdrawn in September 2013 as punishment for his support of the rebellion within the then ruling PDP.

    “In February 2014, the security details attached to the then Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, were withdrawn on the orders of the presidency. The same man suffered the same fate again when he became the Emir of Kano in June 2014.

    “The Emir’s palace was sealed off by the police to prevent him from entering it and he had to assume his responsibilities from within the confines of the Kano State government House.

    “It is also on record that at the same time, security aides to the then Governor (now senator) Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso were withdrawn. All on ’orders from above’.

    “The then Governor Murtala Nyako of Adamawa State had his security details withdrawn in April 2014.

    “In October 2014, the security details of the then Speaker, House of Representatives, Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, were withdrawn. This was after a blatant attempt was made to effect his impeachment.”

    Following President Buhari’s order for the immediate reinstatement of Obianor’s security aides, the issue was not raised on the floor of the Senate yesterday.

  • Tinubu to Buhari: the good you have begun … do it more

    Tinubu to Buhari: the good you have begun … do it more

    There is no basis for comparison between the President Muhammadu Buhari administration and the previous one, All Progressives Congress (APC) stalwart Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu argues. He says in his remarks at the presentation of “Making Steady, Sustainable Progress”, a book written by three presidential spokesmen, that the past government failed to save for the rainy day while Buhari’s is laying a solid foundation for the future. The former Lagos Governor assures Nigerians that the government is on track.

    e are many things as a people. Among them, is that we can be a clamorous nation.

    Noise abounds. Voices rise. Critics moan. The angry and the desperate even question whether this nation should exist, whether it is an experience or experiment that has failed.

    Mr. President, the noise can be loud, almost deafening at times. Yet ultimately both noise and clamor shall fade, for progress.

    What shall be left is reality and fact. The core reality, the fact of our political existence, is that Nigeria is an indivisible entity; a nation of many peoples wedded in common enterprise with its better days yet before it.

    Yes, we were born of a complicated past, and face a challenging present.  Ah, but our future, yes our future, can be one of progress, compassion, justice and hope, if only we have the courage to make it so.

    We have passed but two years under this government.  In the measure of human affairs, this seems a brief period in part but also long in part.  We are both the same and different now than we were then.

    Before this government came into being, Boko Haram wreaked havoc on a daily basis. Spreading its evil arm across great expanses of our national territory, Boko Haram invaded towns and villages, erasing the peace and normalcy of the people to replace it with wanton brutality, hatred and death.

    They hoisted their dreadful flag where only the green and white of Nigeria should have been.

    Today, that evil flag is not planted over an inch of our precious land. This violent scourge recedes into the darkened shadows of inhumanity from whence it came.

    The people, once under its horrid dominion, now breathe the air of freedom and safety.

    Boko Haram has not been completely defeated, but there is no question that it has been decimated and made shorter and weaker. They shall never constitute the threat they once were.

    This is no accident. It is the result of the policies and commitment of President Muhammadu Buhari, his government and the men and women of our armed forces who place their lives on the line in silent heroism to protect this nation and its people.

    Had the previous government remained in place, Boko Haram would have surely eaten more territory and devoured more people. This nation might have indeed been divided and cut asunder, not by choice but by the knife of terrorism.

    The prior government used the public treasury as a private hedge fund or a charity that limited its giving only to themselves.

    So much money grew feet and ran away faster than Usain Bolt ever could. That which could have been spent on national development was squandered in ways that would cause the devil to blush.

    One minister and her rogues’ gallery picked the pocket of this nation for billions of dollars. While poor at governance, these people could give a master thief lessons in the sleight of hand.  In governance, they earned a red card but in corruption, they won the gold medal.

    It was not that our institutions had become infected by corruption. Corruption had become institutionalised.

    President Buhari has set an axe to the root of this dangerous tree.  I would be lying if I said the war against large-scale corruption has been won. It has not.  It will take time and countless swings of the axe to fall such a deeply-rooted tree. But try we must. This is what the President is doing.

    Gone are the times when a minister can pilfer billions of dollars as easy as plucking a piece of candy from the table.

    We have much to do to combat this disease.  Not only must we track down the takers. In the long term, we must review the salaries of public servants and create universal credits for our people to reduce temptation.

    We must also take greater care by placing people of character, competence and goodness into key positions. When they fail, they must be removed without remorse or favour.

    Unlike its predecessor, this government has demonstrated the will to walk this path. While this might not cause much fanfare or celebration, this cleanses the institutions upon which a nation’s wellbeing is founded with a future assured.

    The economy remains our biggest long-term challenge. The prior government operated during times of plenty. The opposite is the case now. Sadly, that plenty was stolen or directed toward policies of no lasting consequence to the average Nigerian, save to compel them to say another opportunity had been wasted.

    Through no fault of its own, this administration had to grapple with a rapid fall in oil prices. That fall brought recession and collapsed our exchange rate regime. More fundamentally, it showed that the very economic model upon which this nation operated was outmoded and flawed. Unfortunately the past administration did nothing to re-calibrate the economy.

    With fewer resources at hand, this government is compelled to do more. It must respond to immediate needs in a way that leads to long-term economic reform.

    This will be a complex journey. This government has taken the first steps in the right direction.

    We are inching out of recession. The exchange rate has stabilised. Internationally, we are seen as on the mend and have been recognised for making significant progress in the ease of doing business.

    In hindsight, the election of President Buhari had an air of inevitability to it. Despite the odds arrayed against him, the sovereign will of the people lifted him to victory. He is truly the right man for this time and place.

    This is why I am pleased by the publication of this book with the just and appropriate title: “Making Steady, Sustainable Progress for Nigeria’s Peace and Security.”

    The President’s media team, Femi Adesina, Garba Shehu and Laolu Akande, worked with the various ministries to assemble this comprehensive, objective catalogue of what this government has done. This book is a good account of the work this government has accomplished to date.

    This book is needed because it sheds light on what may be obscure to the average person.

    President Buhari is a man who exercises an economy of speech. He is a man of action not of chatter.

    He will not spend time blowing his own trumpet because his preference is to move to the next important task.

    Thus, it is apt that these men serve him in a way he would never think of serving himself.

    I have already discussed the progress made regarding security, corruption and the general economy, this triad being the core promises made by the President and our party to the Nigerian people.

    But this book reveals so much more being done in all areas of life. This work may not be spectacular but it is essential. It may not be flashy but it is foundational and enduring.

    In agriculture, where the bulk of our people earn their living, this government has strengthened research and development to enhance productivity. It has taken steps to increase exports, while rationalising fertilizer and seed distribution. Farm credits and financing have improved, allowing farmers to expand existing crops and grow new ones, including fisheries and aquaculture.

    I don’t know about you, but I call this the progress we need!

    In education, this administration has reduced the number of out-of school children. School lunch programmes for the poorest among us have been initiated.

    Teachers have been hired and are being better trained. This government seeks to inject ICT (Information and Ciommunication Technology) into the school system. Universal Basic Education (Universal Basic Education) is more of a priority than ever before. Our universities and other tertiary institutions are better funded than ever before.

    I don’t know about you but I call this the progress we need!

    With regard to labour, this government works with the private sector to create jobs and to engage people in the training required as we transit from a mono-dimensional economy to one more diverse and reliant on industry and skill. I call this the progress we need!

    Regarding social welfare, the opposition scoffed when this government announced living stipends for the poorest families. Now, this is becoming a reality. Relief of the poor has replaced the ridicule of the uncaring. The selfish unbelievers scoff no longer. I call this the progress we need.

    Regarding infrastructure, this government is making progress in building and rehabilitation of strategic ports, bridges, railways and highways. I call this progress that we need!

    This government responded when states were unable to pay workers’ salaries. This saved tens of thousands of families of civil servants from wallowing in despair and poverty. I call this the type of responsible government we need!

    I could go on with examples. But due to the constraints of time, let me say just that this book demonstrates this government has moved with a sure and steady hand toward sustainable progress.

    While each change may not be dramatic in itself, the cumulative effects of these reforms make for a stronger nation and a future assured.

    Yet, I lay caution to those people whose words and actions would counsel complacency. True, much good has been done by this government to ignore.

    However, too many of our people remain too poor and put-out to ignore as well. Daylight comes but not yet to all and not in equal measure.

    Due to the neglect of prior governments, our economy was not allowed to blossom in a way that offered jobs to the poor and empowered the common man.

    Where prosperity should have stood, poverty was erected. Where progress should have been established, stagnation assumed residence.  We are trying hard to escape this deep hole.

    While we work toward this good end, we must recognise the situation of millions of our people. Wrongfully denied for so long, they suffer still. But we ask them to take heart. Don’t forfeit hope. Understand that tomorrow will not be as the past when what was built and bought was not intended for you.

    What we are now building is meant for you. This is your government and you will be the beneficiaries of its policies and programmes. You are no longer the forgotten. You are the hope and promise of a nation and its future.

    As this government implements its economic plans, the griping poverty you have long suffered will give way and ultimately turn into the fertile progress and prosperity that only good governance can bring. We do this with a sense of urgency!

    We race against unrelenting time. By incident of technology, the black liquid underground could be converted into money and international prestige.

    By further incident of technology, that liquid is already progressively losing its economic value. We no longer have an underground vault of money. One day, the liquid beneath our feet will simply be that – merely liquid beneath our feet.

    We must train our policies to ensure when that day finally comes we will not be lost again. The history of a depressed economy must not be allowed to repeat itself.

    The way forward

    Here, permit me to offer a few observations on how we might proceed. There will be those who might distort what I say here as evidence of “space” between President Buhari and me. Their evidence will be false and their news about this will be fake. Mischief never dies. Fortunately, nor does the truth.

    What I proffer today is done in the spirit of utmost respect and affinity by one who wants the best for this government and for Nigeria. I say these things to encourage the government to achieve the greatness the times demand and of which this government is capable.

    The battlefront upon which this nation’s fate shall be decided is the economy. On this, almost all else shall hang.

    In addition to talking about this book which describes our immediate past and present, I want to briefly mention another document:  The 2018 Budget.

    This budget moves us farther in the right direction. It is a bolder, more creative one than this government’s earlier editions.

    It shows this government has embraced its progressive identity despite the chorus of opposition. Also that it more clearly realises the depths of the economic and financial challenges before us.

    One of the important aspects of this budget is the capital expenditure for needed infrastructure.

    This investment means the government fully recognises our economy must grow but that it cannot expand beyond the parameters of the infrastructural grid that serves it.

    With this book and with the budget, we come to the place where the past intersects with the present to interact with the future; the place where what we do or don’t do will dictate the Nigeria of tomorrow.

    We are inching out of recession but growth must increase.

    It is time to lead our people to a place where poverty and hunger become infrequent and where prosperity and hope are the daily fare of the common man.

    There are three key ideas I would like to table before you today.

    First, we are among the world’s most populous nations and potentially one of its most powerful. No populous nation has ever attained prosperity without first establishing a robust industrial capacity.

    In one form or another, England, America, Japan and China implemented policies to protect key industries, promote employment and encourage exports.

    These nations represent the past, present and immediate future of national economic achievement.

    If Nigeria is to be a leader in the next phase of global economic history, we must learn from these prior successes. The common thread between these nations was the objective of buffering strategic industries in ways that allow for the expansion and growth of the overall economy.

    In this vein, our national industrial revolution plan must be more than mere words. It must be refined and implemented with a laser-like focus. Just as the private sector may partner with government on public endeavours, government must guide and support the private sector into new areas of industry and production.

    The government must invest in research and new products the private sector may find risky and uncertain in the initial stage.  The government policy must push and incentivise the private sector into the production of goods that will be demanded in the immediate future and for some time to come.

    This requires a heretofore unprecedented coordination between the private sector and government.

    Whether we focus on steel, textiles, cars, machinery components, processed agricultural goods and other items, or any combination of the above, we must manufacture things the rest of the world wants to buy and not necessarily the things we think are the easiest to do.

    Second, as a corollary to the push for industrial maturity, we need a national infrastructural plan that accords with both the industrial plan and with extant agricultural activity. The fulcrum of this plan must be continued progress in the achievement of adequate and affordable electric power, especially solar and winds.

    Third, we must help the common farmer by improving rural output and incomes.  We must return to commodity exchange boards or similar mechanism to allow farmers to secure their income and hedge against loss. An active and expanded agricultural loan scheme is needed to further promote these goals.

    In addition, more needs to be done to make business and consumer credit available by lowering interest rates. We also must move toward true federalism by the balance of power and responsibility between the federal government and the states. In so doing, we attain the correct balance between our collective purpose on one hand and our separate grassroots realities on the other.

    Again I say, this book is a good portrait of what the Buhari government has accomplished. Anyone who seeks an accurate assessment of governance in Nigeria today must make this book their reading companion.

    The work attempts to expertly chronicle what has been done. Its title: “Making Steady, Sustainable Progress is unassailable.”

    Any person with a passing regard for truth must admit that change and progress has come. We are indeed a more secure, industrious and forthright nation than we were two years ago.

    But, my people, only half the story has been told. We have, at the very least, the second half of this term remaining, and I dare not say any more than that for the time being.

    The deeds of this book are now our history. It is this taste of history which allows us to face the future in better circumstance. Our future is one of beckoning challenge yet potential greatness.

    Through no fault of their own, too many of our people are without. Too many parents cannot properly feed and clothe their precious children, too many young adults exist in the void of joblessness, and too many of us do not have the resources to care for elderly parents who once cared for them. We must cure these wrongs.

    If I were an architect, I would say that President Buhari has used the past two years to wisely lay the deep and wide foundation for a new building called a better Nigeria. Today, as I stand before you all, I implore him and his government.

    The good you have started…. do it the more. The good that you have yet to achieve …. get to it with a laser- like focus.

    If we do as we must, we can well together construct this new building so that it will have place and habitation for those who have lived outside and on the margins to come in and finally partake of the bounty and good harvest a proud and true nation has to offer its people.

    Let this be the story of the next book to be written of this government.

     

     

  • The fall of Mugabe

    The fall of Mugabe

    The curtains were drawn yesterday on the autocratic rule of Robert Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe. Group Political Editor EMMANUEL OLADESU examines his ascension to power, revolutionary ideology, achievements and descent into ‘sit-tight’ dictatorship.

    Finally, Robert Gabriel Mugabe is out of power. The strongman is grief-striken. The bravado is over. In the twilight of his life, he has been disgraced out of office.

    He started well as a revolutionary; a freedom fighter with a difference and a popular nationalist. But, the former president of Zimbabwe did not finish the race well. His rule ended on a sad note. Although military coup is no longer in vogue in Africa, the intervention by soldiers, according to commentators, was understandable.

    The coup was even denied by the mutineers. They were in want of a decorative interpretation of their putsch. Yet, there was no widespread uproar. The continent was not enveloped in anxiety. Even, Mugabe’s unrepentant admirers and supporters – the residual class of combatants, who opposed colonialism – were ambivalent. To them, the nonagenarian had outlived his usefulness. Gone are the days when he was a mentor and role model. In popular valuation, history may not be kind to him.

     

    Fear of life outside power

     

    Mugabe had an obsession with power. He relished the pomp of his exalted office. He may have hoped to die in office. Gradually, he was being referred to as a life president. As a czar, the country had become his fortress. He is the lone rich man in a nation-state ravaged by poverty and squalor. His net worth as at June was $10 million. Indeed, Mugabe feared life outside power. He loathed the difficult adjustment to the ordinary man’s lifestyle. He was reluctant to abdicate. Thus, he became an obstacle to legitimate democratic succession in that country. Elections were held to sustain his hold on power. He was a great electoral manipulator. The umpire usually danced to his tunes. Literarily, the electoral commission operated in his bedroom. He was powerful and influential. From his country, he fired salvos at Britain and United States (U.S.) under the guise of sovereignty.

    At 93, Mugabe brooked no opposition. His word was law. He even boasted that, if he would leave power, he must be succeeded by his wife, Grace. However, the reality dawned on him yesterday. He was caged by aggrieved soldiers. In that moment of tribulation, he was isolated for ridicule. Power, no matter how long it is wielded, is transient.

    There is a vacuum in Zimbabwe. The soldiers of fortune lack legitimacy to hold on to power, although their self-imposed war of liberation against Mugabe was applauded. If they attempt to establish a military rule, the world will rise in unison to condemn their neo-colonial posturing. Military rule is old-fashioned in Africa. The onus is on the emerging military leaders to set up a transparent transition process moderated by an interim leadership with a limited time frame. The onus will be on the interim government heal the wounds inflicted by Mugabe and unite the country.

     

    The man of history

     

    Despite his colossal mistakes, Mugabe was a man of history. He was a member of the old brigade in Rhodesia, who fought for independence. His compatriot was the late Joshua Nkomo, who parted ways with him. Nkomo was tipped to lead the country after independence. The chance eluded him. He became the leader of opposition. Later, he served as vice president under Mugabe. The accord later broke down. Mugabe became the undisputed leader.

    From a tender age, Mugabe was greatly inspired by Marxism. He served as the publicity secretary of the National Democratic Party or the ‘NDP.’ Later, he founded the socialist-nationalist movement Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), which resolved to drive the British out of their homeland. He was detained by Rhodesian authorities for his radical activities. After independence in 1980, Mugabe became the prime minister, and later, the president. During his tenure as president, he managed to unite the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) with ZANU. He was highly protective of the Zimbabwean territory.

    Born on February 21, 1924, he studied in all-exclusive Jesuit, Roman Catholic schools, and also attended the Kutama College, where he is believed to have led a solitary life and preferred to keep company with his books. He also studied at Fort Hare in South Africa, graduating in 1951. He later studied at Salisbury, Gwelo, Tanzania, earning six more degrees, in addition to his Bachelor of Arts degree, which he obtained from the University of Fort Hare. Mugabe became a lecturer at Chalimbana Teacher Training College, Northern Rhodesia, between 1955 and 1958. It was around that time that he was greatly influenced by the former Prime Minister of Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.

    In 1960, Mugabe joined the NDP. The party was banned in September. Thus, he formed ZAPU, which was led by Joshua Nkomo. In 1963, he left ZAPU and formed ZANU, established on the basis of Africanist philosophies of the Pan Africanist Congress in South Africa. ZANU and ZAPU were officially banned on August 26, 1964, after a long political unrest. Mugabe was arrested and imprisoned indeterminately.

    In 1974, while still in confinement, he was elected, under the influence of Edgar Tekere, to take over ZANU. Later, he was released from prison along with other separatist leaders to enable him attend a conference in Lusaka, Zambia. He fled to the border of Southern Rhodesia and accumulated a troop of Rhodesian rebel trainees. The struggle continued through the 1970s and the economy of Zimbabwe was in a state of pandemonium.

    In 1979, Southern Rhodesia became the independent Republic of Zimbabwe. On March 4, 1980, ZANU won 57 out of 80 Common Roll Seats and Mugabe was elected as prime minister. He sealed an accord with his ZAPU rivals. In 1981, a war broke out between ZANU and ZAPU. Four years later, Mugabe was re-elected and the fight persisted. After the murder of two ministers from the groups in 1987, Mugabe and Nkomo decided to merge their unions. They were united by economic worries. They were dedicated to economic recovery.

    Mugabe became the executive President of Zimbabwe in 1987. He chose Nkomo as one of the senior ministers. Two years later, he implemented a five-year plan, which greatly benefited the economy.

    In 1996, he passed a revision in 2000, wherein the amendment stated that Britain would have to pay compensations for seizing land from the blacks and if the British failed to do so, Mugabe would in turn, seize theirs.

    In 2002, he won the presidential elections at a time Zimbabawe’s  economy was in near ruins with widespread unemployment, famine and AIDS. He applied brute force to stay in office. This led him to win the parliamentary elections also, three years later.

    He lost the presidential elections to Morgan Tsvangirai in 2008. But, he refused to leave office. He demanded a recount of the votes. To gain maximum number of votes, he was on the prowl, violently attacking and killing members of the opposition party.

    After the bloodshed, Tsvangirai and Mugabe came to a mutual agreement that they both would share power. In 2010, he selected provisional governors for Zimbabwe without consulting Tsvangirai, which proved that he still wanted to retain autocratic control. A year after, he announced his bid to contest the 2012 presidential elections, which was for an indefinite period, postponed to 2013.

    He displayed his interest to challenge Tsvangirai once again in the elections and in July 2013, when he was asked about his plans to run for president in the future, he said he would like to rule Zimbabwe till he hit a ‘century’.

    Zimbabwe’s election commission declared Mugabe the president in August 2013 after winning a total of 61 per cent of the vote.

     

    Unending reforms

     

    Mugabe was a lover of reforms. When he was elected as the President, he implemented a five-year plan, starting from 1989. In the course of the five-year plan, he loosened price limits for farmers, allowing them to set their own prices and he also built a number of clinics and schools for the people. By the end of the five year period, the economy had seen drastic positive change in terms of the manufacturing, mining and farming industries. The United Nations (UN) estimates unemployment in Zimbabwe to be as high as 80 per cent.  The economy of Zimbabwe is in ruins. Life expectancy is a little above 50 years. Massive hyperinflation has made the local currency of Zimbabwe worthless. The exchange rate of Zimbabwe dollar is 35 quadrillion to $1. The local currency has been retired and replaced with the U.S. dollar and South African rand, and this has led to the near collapse of the manufacturing industry in Zimbabwe.

     

    In the club of dictators

     

    Mugabe has not been the only face of horror in Africa. There were other sit-tight presidents and dictators, who left behind legacies of high handedness, brutality of the opposition and muzzling of democracy. Their regimes were marked by horror, terror, chaos and bloodshed.

    Paul Kagame became the President of Rwanda in 2000. He rose to power through his guerrilla movement that ended the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. He has spent 21 years in office. He has been accused of human rights abuse, oppression of opponents and the press.

    Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was the President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. He assumed office in a bloodless coup, a month after he was appointed the prime minister. He led Tunisia for 23 years before stepping down in January 2011 due to massive protests demanding his exit. Tunisia witnessed stability and economic prosperity under Ben Ali. In 2012, in abstention, he was sentenced to a life imprisonment for his role in the murders of protesters in the 2011 revolution that led to his exit from power. He was accused of embezzlement, misuse of public funds, suppressing political opponents.

    Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo (1967–2005) was one of Africa’s longest-serving dictator. He became the president after he led a military coup. He died of a heart attack in 2005. His son, Faure, was named the President of Togo in controversial circumstances.

    Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1963–1994) led Malawi from 1961 till 1994. Banda lost effective control of Malawi during his absence from Malawi in 1993 when he was flown to South Africa for an emergency brain surgery. Bakili Muluzi, his former political protégé, became president in 1994, after the general elections Banda had earlier postponed, was conducted in 1994. Banda fought against colonialism and led of Nyasaland (now Malawi) to independence as Malawi in 1964. His reign left Malawi as one of the world’s poorest country. One in three children under five died of starvation. He tortured and murdered political opponents. Human rights groups alleged that at least 6,000 people were killed, tortured and jailed without trial.

     Gaafar Nimeiry of Sudan (1969–1985) came to power in a coup that ended five years of corrupt civilian rule. He was ousted from power in 1985 and went into exile in Egypt until he was allowed to return in 1999. He contested in the 2000 Sudanese elections; he got just seven per cent of the votes. He died at 79 in May, 2009. He signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, which ended the First Sudanese Civil War and brought a decade of peace and stability to the region. But, his indiscriminate borrowing left the Sudanese economy in ruins. The Sudanese currency lost almost 90 per cent of its value against the major international currencies. He imposed Islamic sharia law in 1983. It led to a two-decade long war religious war between the Muslim North and the mainly Christian South.

    Siad Barre of Somalia (1969-1991) took power in a coup. He ruled Somalia for over 20 years before he was overthrown in 1991. He passed away in January 1995, on exile in Lagos. General Barre’s exit left Somalia without a central authority, and this resulted in a civil war that left the country without a leader for over two decades.

    Charles Taylor of Liberia (1997-2003), once described as the “tyrant of death,” was the President of Liberia from August 1997 until 2003 when international pressure forced him to resign and go into exile in Nigeria. He remains one of the most brutal dictators in Africa till date. He is currently serving a 50-year sentence for his involvement in what the judge described as “some of the most heinous and brutal crimes recorded in human history.” He was found guilty of terrorism, unlawful killings, murder, violence to life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons.

    Yahya Jammeh of Gambia (1994-2017) took power in a bloodless military coup in 1994. In last year’s general elections, he was defeated by Adama Barrow, and surprisingly, he conceded defeat, only to reject the results few weeks after. He finally left Gambia on exile to Equatorial Guinea after sustained pressure by the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and UN.

    Idriss Deby of Chad (1990 – till date) and his Patriotic Salvation Movement (PSM), an insurgent group, backed by Libya and Sudan, sacked the incumbent government, and Déby became the President of Chad. Deby has used oil proceeds and funds that could have been used to develop Chad to purchase weapons and strengthen his Army. Forbes named Chad the world’s most corrupt nation in 2006.

    Obiang Mbasogo (1979 – till date) has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979 when he ousted his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, in a bloody military coup and sentenced him to death by firing squad. President Obiang is one of the oldest and longest serving dictators in Africa. The state radio declared President Obiang “the country’s god” with “all power over men and things,” and thereby he “can decide to kill without anyone calling him to account and without going to hell.” Unlawful killings, government-sanctioned kidnappings; torture of prisoners by security forces, and even accusations of cannibalism have trailed President Obiang’s regime. He has used an oil boom to enrich his family at the expense of the citizens of Equatorial Guinea.

    Paul Biya of Cameroon (1982 till date) consolidated power in a 1983–1984 power struggle with his predecessor and he remains a powerhouse in Africa and the president of Cameroon till date. Cameroon has enjoyed peace and stability for the past 30 years. Biya’s regime has also overseen one of the strongest diplomatic relations in Africa. Biya perpetrated himself in power by organising sham elections and paying international observers to certify them free of irregularities.

    Jose Eduardo Dos Santos of Angola (1979 – till date). The father of Africa’s richest woman, Isabel Dos Santos, is Africa’s second longest-serving Head of State. Recently, he announced that he would finally step down and end his dictatorship over Angola. The Angolan economy has grown to become the third-largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa, after South Africa and Nigeria. But the allegations of corruption, misuse, and diversion of public funds for personal gain, human rights abuses, and political oppression.

    Francisco Macías Nguema  of Equatorial Guinea (1968 -1979) was the first President of Equatorial Guinea. He ruled Equatorial Guinea before his nephew in 1979 overthrew him and sentenced him to death by firing squad for genocide and other crimes he committed. He was brutal. During his regime, he granted himself “all direct powers of Government and Institutions.” He ordered the death of entire families and villages; he executed members of his family, One-third of the population fled the country, he ordered every boat in the nation sold or destroyed and banned all citizens from the shoreline to prevent more people from escaping his terror.

    Hissene Habre of Chad (1982-1990) seized power in 1982 from Goukouni Oueddei, who had just been elected President. He lost power to his former military commander, Idriss Deby, in December 1990. Habre fled to Senegal when Deby’s Libya backed insurgents marched into the capital, N’Djaména. In May 2016, he was convicted of crimes against humanity. Habre’s government carried out a frightening 40,000 politically motivated murders, and there are documented cases of at least 200,000 tortures.

    Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan (1989 – till date) took power in a military coup. Al-Bashir is one of the most brutal dictators in Africa and despite ICC’s warrant against him; he remains the president of Sudan. The International Criminal Court wants Omar al-Bashir for genocide, war crimes, murder, rape, torture, and other crimes against humanity for his crimes in Darfur.

     Sekou Toure (1958-1984) was elected as the first President of Guinea in 1958, a position he held until to his death in 1984. Toure, like many other dictators in Africa, survived several assignation attempts and coups while he was in power. He died of heart failure in 1984.

    Toure banned all opposition parties and declared his party the only legal party in the country. He was accused of several cases of human right abuse and extrajudicial killings.

    Gen. Sani Abacha (1993-1998) became the military Head of State of Nigeria in 1993 after he sacked the head of the Interim National Government (ING), Chief Ernest Shonekan, who was appointed after the annulment of the 1993 elections won by the late Chief Moshood Abiola of the defunct Social Democratic Party (SDP). The exact details of the dictator’s death in the presidential palace ON June 8, 1998 remains unclear till date.

    According to international economic experts, Abacha’s regime was a massive economic success for Nigeria. Foreign exchange reserves rose from $494 million in 1993 to $9.6 billion by the middle of 1997. External debt was reduced from $36 billion in 1993 to $27 billion by 1997; inflation rate went down from the 54 per cent he inherited to 8.5 per cent between 1993 and 1998, and global oil price was priced at an average of $15 per barrel.’ But, the regime was characterised by massive looting and human right abuses such as the public hanging of political activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and jailing several political opponents.

    Col. Muammar Gaddafi (1969-2011) seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969. The charismatic leader of Libya met his waterloo during the Libyan revolution in 2011 after rebels in Sirte, his city of birth, killed him. Under Gaddafi, Libya became the first developing country to own a majority share of the revenues from its oil production. Gaddafi provided access to free health care, safe houses, food and clean drinking water, free education to university level which led to the dramatic rise in literacy rates. Gaddafi led oil-rich Libya as an absolute dictator, for close to 42 years, he quashed anyone that opposed him, and was responsible for the death of thousands of his people.

    Idi Amin Dada (1971-1979) seized power in the military coup of January 1971, sacking Milton Obote. He fled Uganda in the heat of the Uganda-Tanzania war and went into exile in Libya and later Saudi Arabia where he lived until his death on August 16, 2003. His rule was characterised by rumors of cannibalism, frightening human rights’ abuses, political repression, extrajudicial killings, corruption and gross economic mismanagement.

     

     

  • Banking with tears … Tales from e-payment customers

    Banking with tears … Tales from e-payment customers

    Bank customers are embracing e-payment channels, given their speed and cost-saving benefits. But the gains of digital banking are turning into pains and outright loss of funds for many. The rising cases of e-fraud, insider abuses and poor quality of service are frustrating those using alternative banking channels, such as Point of Sale (PoS), Automated Teller Machines (ATM) cards and  mobile banking Apps. COLLINS NWEZE captures the experiences of some customers. 

    Despite getting more interesting by the day, banking has its pains and shortcomings. Think of cell phone-based banking which is getting transactions done within seconds and bringing millions of the unbanked people into the mainstream financial system.

    Transactions in the banking halls had dropped by 25 per cent in the last one year, as more customers embrace e-payment. But, mobile banking and many e-payment channels have brought pains and tears to bank customers.

    One of such customers is Mrs. Idongesit Umoh, who operates a company account with Diamond Bank Plc. She lost N2.1 million within 30 minutes to fraudsters.

    Mrs. Umoh, an entrepreneur and Managing Director of Idong Harrie Limited, is currently at war with her lender, Diamond Bank Plc. She is seeking a full refund of the money to save her footwear business from collapse.

    Although the bank has unmasked the identities of the fraudsters through their Bank Verification Numbers (BVNs), recovering the fraud proceeds has been stalled since June 7, when the incident occurred.

    Mrs. Umoh said of his ordeal: “I run a micro small business called Idong Harrie Limited. We manufacture and retail handmade footwear and accessories using genuine leather and African fabrics for men, women and children. A few months ago, I got shortlisted by the Mandela Washington Fellowship as one of the 101 outstanding young leaders in Nigeria to undergo six-week training in the United States (U.S.). I decided to go to my bank – Diamond Bank Plc – to request for Personal Travel Allowance (PTA) for the trip.”

    The customer said she wanted to request for $400 PTA but a bank official suggested she request for $3,000, which she did to enable her make some purchases for her factory while in the U.S.

    On the fateful day, Mrs. transferred N1.5 million to her account with the Diamond Bank to enable her secure the PTA. She was told that her password was invalid while trying to log in to her Diamond Bank Mobile App. The failure of the second attempt prompted her to contact the bank official who advised her to re-activate her Mobile App.

    It was in that process that her password was requested, and when she supplied it, the password was for the second time declared invalid. At that point, the customer was further advised by phone by a bank staff to visit the bank’s branch.

    Unfortunately, less than five minutes after the call, she got a text message. Umoh narrated: “When I checked, it was a Diamond Bank message showing a N100, 000 transaction. I assumed it was a payment from a customer, which I was expecting. I then instructed my workers to start work on the customer’s order in the assumption that she had paid. A few seconds later, more texts came in and I saw they were still from Diamond Bank.

    “I noticed that the texts were debit alerts and the names coming with them were strange. I said to myself that if Diamond Bank wanted to debit the money for the PTA, they won’t do so in tranches.

    It immediately occurred to me that my account had been hacked, and I called the customer service, while simultaneously rushing to the bank.”

    Continuing, she said: “I got through to customer care and instructed them to block my account. I was in the banking hall when more debit alerts kept coming in, and all attempt to get the customer service officer to block my account and stop further debits failed.

    “My account was cleared of N2.1 million within 30 minutes. Since June, I have been going back and forth with the bank over this issue. In July, they refunded N668, 000 and closed the case. I was shocked at how unconcerned they were about my situation,” she stated.

    Mrs. Umoh said the bank has refused to take responsibility for the fraud, prompting her to seek legal redress. She claimed not to be an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) card user and that her cheque book was locked up safe and her token secured as at the time of the incidence.

    She said: “I didn’t click on any suspicious link like the bank has claimed. I always go to the bank or call customer care if I had any issue with my banking transactions. No one knew of the transaction I was making in relation to the PTA procurement except the bank officials handling the transaction. How can I put money in a bank and the next day it is gone,” she lamented to The Nation.

     

    Independent findings

     When contacted, Diamond Bank Plc said it will not comment on a matter that is already in court. But independent investigations from an insider in the bank who pleaded for anonymity, confirmed Mrs. Umoh operates an account with the Onikan branch of the bank.

    The source also confirmed that the customer had in June, tried to log on Mobile App but her password was declined. The sources also confirmed that Mrs. Umoh called the bank’s Contact Centre and was advised to visit the branch for password reset, but only visited the next day.

    “Umoh said she noticed a message on her phone but did not bother to check as she was busy, but got worried when alerts kept dropping on her phone. She then tried calling the Contact Centre on her way to the Ogunlana Branch, Surulere, Lagos. And the alert kept coming even while she was on her way to the branch. When she got to the branch, she lodged her complaint but unfortunately all funds had been fraudulently moved before the staff could block the accounts,” the source said.

    Further investigations showed that the customer was later called by the bank on June 8 to confirm what happened. The lender promised to investigate and recover the funds.

    The source narrated: “The complaint was investigated on June 8, 2017 and concluded on July 10, 2017 but the recommendations were only sent to the branch July 17, 2017 for implementation. The customer was advised the next day.

    “The bank found out that the customer compromised her login details –Personal Identification Number (PIN) during a device change. However, during customer’s visit to the branch, she confirmed that she received registration codes on her mobile phone. The customer was advised via a letter dated July 18, 2017 of the outcome of the investigation and also that the bank was able to secure funds moved to other accounts in the bank over N600, 000 and this was to be credited to the customer’s account.

    “The bank also informed the customer by writing that some other monies were being traced at other banks while the investigation continues. This letter was received and acknowledged by her relative as she was out of the country and sent to her via email as requested seeing she was out of town at that time”.

    The source went on: “the bank had a meeting with the customer in the third week of August during which she insisted that she did not compromise her login details alleging that the insider, who had advised her to buy $3,000 PTA, could have connived with fraudsters to defraud her.”

    On the step taken after the latest claim on PTA purchase, the source said: “We carried out a second level investigation on this and confirmed that the teller or the bank is not liable. The customer was verbally informed of the second investigation outcome and she threatened to use other means to recover the funds, insisting that the bank was to refund her entire money.

    “The bank called the customer first week in September, to inform her that efforts were still being made to get the funds transferred from other banks that they were able to hold. She requested for the details of the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries’ names and amounts transferred were given to her.

    “The bank called the customer again between the last week in August and the second week in September, 2017 to provide updates on the recovered funds and she said that the bank should be able to track down the other beneficiaries at-large using their BVNs as they are not ‘ghosts’.

    “She was assured that the matter was not over and the bank would continue to trace and work with the authorities to recover what they could. She gave the bank an ultimatum that she would go ahead with legal action on the bank if her funds were not returned completely by mid-October. The matter is now in court. She served the bank legal papers on the 14th of September, 2017 and as such, the bank could not make an official statement at this time as it would be sub judice,” the source disclosed.

    Another Lagos-based bank customer, Sanya Oni, who was debited N10, 000 twice for a single transaction by FirstBank took his complaints to the Consumer Protection Department of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) after the Tier-1 lender failed to resolve the matter.

    A copy of a letter to the CBN unit, which was received by Mohammed Maryam Ndume, was sighted by The Nation. FirstBank was also copied in the mail. The customer wrote: “After series of representations to operatives of the First Bank of Nigeria to no effect, I am constrained to formally report to the apex monetary authority on my travails with FirstBank in the course of a routine PoS (Point of Sale) transaction.

    “On Tuesday, October 10, 2017, I attempted to reload my electricity pre-paid meter (Ikeja Electricity Distribution Company) via my ATM card in the sum of N10, 000.  I could not get through as the payment machine returned ‘transaction declined’ message. Nonetheless, I got a Short Message Service (SMS) alert on my FirstBank account showing my account had been debited. The transaction finally sailed through on a second trial the next day. Unfortunately, every effort made to get the bank to reverse the value of the abortive transaction done the day earlier has met with frustrations.”

    According to Oni, the bank gave him conflicting information on time of resolution, and has failed to reverse the transaction till date.

    Responding, the customer Complaints Unit, FirstBank, in an emailed report, acknowledged receipt of the complaint, which has been ‘lodged through the appropriate channels against the acquirer’.

    It said: “Enquires show that the disputed transaction was successfully processed from FirstBank to the distribution company and further investigation based on your insistence, a further inquiry was made and was declined by the distribution company with the attached receipt as proof. Seeing that you carried out the same transaction on October 12, 2017, we will investigate this with the acquirer and provide feedback within 10 working days’.

    Unfortunately, the complaint is yet to be resolved over one month after the transaction was done.

    Michael Azuka, an Abuja-based businessman lost N200, 000 in one day to fraudsters. The incidence occurred in mid-February after he activated his internet banking platform, obtained a token, chose a password. Until the disaster struck, all his transactions, including bills payment, cash transfers, and balance enquiries, among others, were done via mobile banking.

    “I kept receiving text messages of multiple debits from my bank. The first was N50, 000 followed by another N100, 000 and finally N50, 000 alerts. These happened within two hours and all the calls to my bank to stop the fraudsters were not answered,” he explained.

     

    •To be continued

  • British Queen, Saraki, Trump’s secretary, others named in fresh tax havens’ papers

    British Queen, Saraki, Trump’s secretary, others named in fresh tax havens’ papers

    •Tax Justice Network seeks UN summit to end financial crime

    A huge new leak of financial documents has revealed how the powerful and ultra-wealthy, including the Queen’s private estate, secretly invest vast amounts of cash in offshore tax havens.

    The world’s biggest businesses, heads of state and global figures in politics, entertainment and sport, who have sheltered their wealth in secretive tax havens are being revealed in a major new investigation into Britain’s offshore empires.

    According to Premium Times, Senate President Bukola Saraki, is among the more than the 40 world politicians whose offshore hideaways were exposed by the fresh Internation Consortium of Investigative Journalist (ICIJ) investigations.

    The details come from a leak of 13.4 million files that expose the global environments in which tax abuses can thrive – and the complex and seemingly artificial ways the wealthiest corporations can legally protect their wealth.

    The material, which has come from two offshore service providers and the company registries of 19 tax havens, was obtained by German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and shared by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists with partners, including the Guardian, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the New York Times.

    Donald Trump’s Commerce Secretary is shown to have a stake in a firm dealing with Russians sanctioned by the United States (U.S.).

    The leak, dubbed the Paradise Papers, contains 13.4 million documents, mostly from one leading firm in offshore finance.

    Two Russian state institutions with close ties to Vladimir Putin funded substantial investments in Twitter and Facebook through a business associate of Jared Kushner, leaked documents reveal.

    The investments were made through a Russian technology magnate, Yuri Milner, who also holds a stake in a company co-owned by Kushner, Donald Trump’s son-in-law and Senior White House Adviser.

    The discovery is likely to stir concerns over Russian influence in  U.S. politics and the role played by social media in last year’s presidential election. It may also raise new questions for the social media companies and for Kushner.

    Alexander Vershbow, who was a U.S. Ambassador to Russia under George W Bush and to NATO under Bill Clinton, said the Russian state institutions were frequently used as “tools for Putin’s pet political projects”.

    Vershbow said the findings were worrisome in the light of efforts by Moscow to disrupt U.S. democracy and public debate. “There clearly was a wider plan, despite Putin’s protestations to the contrary,” he said.

    The Paradise Papers help to unravel complex arrangements that led Russian state money to fund investments in the U.S. social media companies.

    They involve a bewildering array of companies using similar names and acronyms, some registered offshore in places that offer secrecy about ownership. The arrangements are legal, but have led campaigners to demand more transparency.

    The trail begins in December 2005, when Gazprom Investholding began putting money into Kanton Services, a company registered in the British Virgin Islands. Usmanov was at the time General Director of Gazprom Investholding, which the Kremlin has used to renationalise assets sold off in the 1990s.

    Gazprom in effect took control of Kanton in 2009 in return for $920 million. In 2011, Kanton in turn took a majority stake in DST USA II, a vehicle publicly associated with Milner. By 2012, DST USA II had bought more than 50 million shares in Facebook, according to filings at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, amounting to more than three per cent of the social media company.

    Over the following months, ownership of DST USA II was transferred to an Usmanov company, which sold off $1 billion worth of the shares in Facebook at a significant profit after the social network floated on the stock market.

    The papers also involve two Premiership teams – Arsenal and Everton – and two billionaires as well as how their close relationship and the opaqueness and secrecy of the companies they own in offshore tax havens has led to questions over who owns what.

    As a result, campaigners are calling for changes to the rules intended to safeguard the independent ownership of Premier League teams.

    The story begins with Arsenal and a very rich supporter, the Uzbek-Russian oligarch Alisher Usmanov. Ten years ago, Usmanov decided to buy a stake in the London Premier League giant whose home is the 60,000-seat Emirates Stadium, and he turned to the Isle of Man law firm Appleby to get it done.

    There are also details from 19 corporate registries maintained by governments in secrecy jurisdictions – Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Cook Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Labuan, Lebanon, Malta, the Marshall Islands, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, and Vanuatu.

    BBC is part of nearly 100 media groups investigating the papers.

    As with last year’s Panama Papers leak, the documents were obtained by the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung, which called in the ICIJ to oversee the investigation. The Guardian is among the nearly 100 media partners involved in investigating the documents.

    Yesterday’s revelations form only a small part of a week of disclosures that will expose the tax and financial affairs of some of the hundreds of people and companies named in the data, some with strong UK connections.

    Many of the stories focus on how politicians, multinationals, celebrities and high-net-worth individuals use complex structures of trusts, foundations and shell companies to protect their cash from tax officials or hide their dealings behind a veil of secrecy.

    The Paradise Papers show that about £10 million ($13 million) of the Queen’s private money was invested offshore.

    It was put into funds in the Cayman Islands and Bermuda by the Duchy of Lancaster, which provides the Queen with an income and handles investments for her £500 million private estate.

    There is nothing illegal in the investments and no suggestion that the Queen is not paying tax, but questions may be asked about whether the monarch should be investing offshore.

    There were small investments in the rent-to-buy retailer BrightHouse, which has been accused of exploiting the poor, and the Threshers chain of off-licences, which later went bust owing £17.5 million in tax and costing almost 6,000 people their jobs.

    Most of the data comes from a company called Appleby, a Bermuda-based legal services provider at the top end of the offshore industry, helping clients set up in overseas jurisdictions with low or zero tax rates.

    Its documents, and others mainly from corporate registries in Caribbean jurisdictions, were obtained by Süddeutsche Zeitung. It has not revealed the source.

    The media partners say the investigation is in public interest because data leaks from the world of offshore have repeatedly exposed wrongdoing.

    But Tax Justice Network (TJN) said that ‘Paradise Papers’ have once again highlighted the failure of governments around the world to deal with the scourge of tax dodging and financial crime facilitated by offshore financial centres.

    Hailing ICIJ on their fearless investigative journalism, the Network called on world leaders to commit finally to ending tax abuse and financial secrecy.

  • Positioning Nigeria for a prosperous future

    Positioning Nigeria for a prosperous future

    Minister of Finance Mrs KEMI ADEOSUN, in this piece, argues that the economic downturn will in the long run work in favour of the country, especially with investment in agriculture and other potential money-spinning but hitherto neglected areas. 

    Since the middle of 2014, when the price of crude oil fell dramatically, Nigeria’s finances became challenged. This is not hard to explain: we’ve historically depended on crude oil for as much as 70 per cent of government revenues, and 90 per cent of foreign exchange earnings. The outcome – pressure on government’s finances – was by no means unusual. Asimilar fate befell most oil-rich countries around the world.

    Where Nigeria possibly stood out was in the fact that during the preceding three years when oil prices were in excess of 100 dollars per barrel, the Government did little in terms of saving and investing for the future. Our Sovereign Wealth Fund, which was established in October 2012 with just US$1 billion, did not receive any further inflow during the oil price boom. Instead, billions of dollars were squandered through corrupt oil and defence contracts. It is a terrible thing for a country to fall on hard times without a savings buffer. There was nothing unexpected about our downturn. It was the inevitable result of the choices we made or didn’t make during the years of boom.

    What is remarkable, yet not as talked about, is the way we have worked so hard to exit the recession, reset the economy and reposition it for a brighter future for the present and future generations of Nigerians. The Administration of President Muhammadu Buhari is laying the foundation for the kind of economic growth that makes a real impact in the lives of citizens.

    The downturn has inspired unprecedented levels of fiscal responsibility, in line with President Buhari’s determination to fight Nigeria’s endemic corruption.

    Shortly after taking office, he issued a Presidential order mandating the immediate implementation of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) system, consolidating thousands of government accounts scattered across deposit money banks into a unified system that is transparent and easy to centrally monitor and track. Under the old system, it was common for government accounts to be converted into personal use, but under the TSA this is impossible.Also, the proliferation of accounts encouraged rent seeking rather than questionable practices.

    Budgetary reform has also taken a lot of our time and attention. We are pioneering the use of software to prepare our annual budgets, which allows greater transparency and the ability to track changes.

    We have insisted on using biometric verification in the deployment of our Social Investment Programme, which includes a Job Scheme for unemployed graduates, a School Feeding Scheme for Primary School Pupils, a Conditional Cash Transfer scheme targeting a million of our poorest citizens, and a Micro-Credit scheme for artisans, farmers, and traders. In the past the Social Investment payments would have been done as cash handouts.

    A similar insistence on biometric verification for the federal payroll has resulted in the detection of tens of thousands of bogus beneficiaries – or ‘ghost workers’, as we often refer to them, in Nigeria – and savings running into billions of naira every month.

    We are pursuing unprecedented cooperation with foreign governments and powers, as part of our transparency and anti-corruption drive. For the simple reason that a disproportionate amount of public funds looted in Nigeria end up in the United Arab Emirates’, Nigeria has signed bilateral agreements with the UAE Government on extradition, exchange of information, and repatriation of stolen public funds.

    One strong demonstration of our political will has been a Whistleblowing Scheme we launched months ago that empowers citizens to report public corruption. The impact in terms of recoveries has exceeded our expectations. The tighter rein on public finances allowed us invest US$500m in our Sovereign Wealth Fund, during a recession.

    A lot of the work we have done over the last two and half years has been focused on dismantling the old ways of doing things, rebuilding them, and empowering and fortifying our institutions with technology to block loopholes, discourage abuse, and prevent a relapse into the destructive ways of the past.

    The new Nigeria we seek will not happen without this kind of foundational reform that imposes on us new ways of thinking and of doing things. The early results are already being seen. A concerted focus on agriculture has seen our rice imports from Thailand dropping by 90 per cent between 2015 and 2016, and replaced by locally grown variants.

    As oil has let us down, we have started to do what we should have done decades ago, invest in agriculture and mining. Throughout the recession, agriculture recorded healthy growth. As we emerge from the recession, its impact is certain to multiply and position Nigeria for a prosperous future.

    Let me point out that the most important elements of any reform effort tend to be the least flamboyant. We are confident that in the months and years ahead, Nigerians and the world will see the full impact of the foundational resetting that the Buhari administration has been focused on since 2015.

    There is of course a lot of resistance to reform, by vested interests within and outside the system. But we are not fazed. The work of reform goes on. It is, to borrow from the Nigerian novelist, Chinua Achebe, morning yet on Creation Day. Not very long from now, Nigerians and the world will look back on this recession we have just emerged from, and realise that it was the turning point in Nigeria’s journey to true growth and greatness.

     

    Adeosun is Nigeria’s  Minister of Finance

  • Blue economy, electricity supply, others dominate economic summit

    Blue economy, electricity supply, others dominate economic summit

    The 23rd Nigerian Economic summit has come and gone. But the issues at the summit, such as blue economy, agriculture and others, must be taken serious by the Federal government for its diversification drive to make meaning, writes NDUKA CHIEJINA.

    Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Director-General Dr. Dakuku Peterside hit the nail on the head at the 23rd Nigerian Economic summit. The time to take advantage of the oceans and boost the economy was now, the NIMASA chief said at the summit with the theme “Opportunities, Productivity and Employment: Actualising the Economy Recovery and Growth Plan”.

    Peterside thus urged Nigerians to key into the opportunities afforded by the Blue economy, which he stated, is the fastest growing sector in the world with enormous business potentials. He added that with the length of the nation’s coastline and the attendant volume of maritime trade, Nigeria is at an advantage of developing the blue economy and stakeholders have to actively participate to reap the benefits of the sector.

    According to Dr. Peterside, “developing the blue economy is paramount across the globe now, and the public and private sector have to collaborate to sustainably harness the potentials of our maritime sector for the benefit of the Nigerian economy, especially as the Federal Government continues the economic diversification drive”.

    The NIMASA DG also stated that economies of Singapore, Ukraine and South Korea thrive on the activities of their maritime sector.

    He further suggested that with improved maintenance culture, adequate data management and statistics as well as articulated actions from stakeholders backed up with  political will, Nigeria will be a leading light in the comity of maritime nations.

    Dr Peterside advocated synergy within stakeholders stating that the Agency with the support of the Federal Government is working assiduously to ensure that Nigerians reap the benefits that abound the sector. He pointed out that the newly approved maritime security architecture will effectively reduce piracy and other related sea crimes.

    For the chairman of the United Bank for Africa (UBA), Mr. Tony Elumelu, the country must resolve its electricity supply challenge for the economic diversification drive to make sense. He suggested that the Federal Government should reconsider the ownership structure of Electricity Distribution Companies (DisCos) with a view to taking over controlling shares of the firms.

    Elumelu, who is also the Chairman of Heirs Holding, said: “In as much as some existing investors might not like the idea, the Federal Government could not continue to allow the Discos hold the nation down with inefficient power distribution.”

    His solution to the epileptic  power supply in the country is the “recapitalisation of the Discos and then increase its stake from the current 49 per cent to 51 per cent and sell the controlling stakes to new investors, as the current operators have become obstacles to the realisation of the nation’s power capacity goal.”

    Elumelu added: “Our people are very enterprising and they want to succeed. But they need the right environment to succeed. I appreciate what the government is doing for electricity but we need to do more.  I empathise with the government on its efforts in that sector. But Mr. Vice President, I think there is a lot we can do to correct the ownership of that sector without affecting the property rights of the investors.  That sector must be dealt with it for us to have power to do business.

    “Government, with over N700 billion provided.  In a few months time, that will be exhausted. The market should be able to sustain itself.  This is what I think.  The government has to take actions that will ensure the adequate funding of the operations of the Discos.

    “Mr. V.P, I know some of the operators in this sector will not like this.  This is my idea.  We cannot reverse what has been done.  But we can creatively address what has been done.

    “If government to my understanding, has 49 per cent of the Discos and the private companies have 51. Can we ask these companies to recapitalise.  Let the FG recapitalise.  They will not be able to put in more capital.  So the federal government through the Federal Ministry of Finance Incorporated should increase federal government holding.

    “Then post recapitalisation, the Federal Government sells its controlling shares to new investors who have the financial wherewithal to properly finance the operations of the Discos.  This is important because in a situation where current operators don’t have the funds to run them, if the federal government wants to sell its shares in the discos, investors who should have brought in their capital won’t come in if the controlling shares continue to remain with the current operators.

    “When this is done, then we can have new investors who can come in and run the Discos efficiently.  It doesn’t matter where they come from but they should be investors who have the financial capacity and tested expertise to manage the distribution segment of the sector in such a way that they can deliver effective service.”

    As if addressing the concerns over poor electricity supply, Vice-President Yemi Osinbajo said the National Electricity Regulatory Commission would this month issue directives on independent metering.

    He said: “The eligible customer regime allows a willing seller, willing buyer arrangements in the sale of power. While the independent metering directive allows independent entities aside from registered power distribution companies to sell and install meters to customers and be paid directly as collections are made from metered customers.”

    This, he said, will break the distribution gridlock and there is good cause to believe that we will achieve the 10,000MW envisaged in the ERGP.”

    Osinbajo’s emphasis at the summit was how to improve the ease of doing business in Nigeria. He said the Federal Government has resolved to dismantle ‘institutional hurdles’ towards smooth business operations in the country.

    He assured the business community that the incidence of multiple Customs checkpoints, especially on the eastern axis, would be looked into to create a conducive investment climate in the country.

    The Vice-President said government received several reports from concerned Nigerians “who describe the checkpoints as inimical to growth and development.”

    Osinbajo also revealed plans “to dismantle all clearance bottlenecks at sea and airport borders to ensure quick facilitation, while government will implement reforms at the National Agency for Foods Drugs and Administration Control (NAFDAC) and the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to make their operations quicker and more orderly”.

    The Vice-President lamented that “our budget for this year is about N7 trillion. That is not enough to address all the infrastructure challenges we have and that is why we will always partner with the private sector to address them.”

    He said the Buhari administration remained committed to partnering with the private sector to address the country’s infrastructure shortfall.

    Osinbajo said: “Foreign exchange reserves have risen to about $33 billion and end users have increased access to foreign exchange partly due mainly to increased export earnings and remittances as well as the introduction of a dedicated transparent window for Investors and Exporters (NAFEX).”

    The results, he said, “have been encouraging as the inflows of capital in the second quarter of 2017 of about $1.8 billion were almost double the amount of $908 million imported in the first quarter of the year.”

    On the concerns of high interest rate, Osinbajo said the government is “concerned as most of you are, with the very high interest rates and of course most of that have to do with government borrowing. Since the evidence points to a crowding out of the private sector, the Federal Government is reducing its demand for domestic paper and will seek to refinance maturing domestic debt with longer tenor and cheaper external borrowing”.

    “Intervention funds will continue to be made available through the Bank of Industry, and repositioned NEXIM and Bank of Agriculture and the newly established Development Bank of Nigeria,” the vice-president said.

    Minister of Budget and National Planning, Udoma Udo Udoma stated that “to get out of recession required our refocusing the economy from reliance on crude oil to enhancing non-oil revenues, and the non-oil economy. In short, we had to quicken the process of changing from a mono-culture economy to a diversified, competitive economy, in which we grow what we eat and consume what we make.”

    Some of these initiatives, he said, “have contributed to the second quarter performance numbers recently released by the National Bureau of Statistics which indicate that, after five quarters of contraction, we have now recorded a small growth of .55 per cent.”

    The Chairman, Board of Directors of Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG), Kyari Bukar, said the support of governors for businesses was critical to growing the economy.

    “Every business,” he said “is a tenant of a State and we believe that our advocacy for a more globally competitive environment must not be limited to the Federal Government. The NESG is increasing its focus on state governments that are willing to dialogue with us to address competitiveness and the ease of doing business at the sub-national level.”

    Udoma expressed government’s commitment to the faithful implementation of the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) 2017 – 2020 that was launched by President Muhammadu Buhari on April 5.

    The minister said the Buhari administration has demonstrated clear commitments to working with the private sector through the recent concession of some nation’s airports and other policy interventions to provide a favourable environment for their business operations in Nigeria.

    He also said government was focused on making the Nigerian economy globally competitive and more diversified away from its mono-economic structure, hence working with the private sector would be the surest way to achieve such objective faster.

    Udoma said: “Government is committed to faithful implementation of the ERGP by ensuring that our annual budget aligns with the priorities of the ERGP and also special monitoring units have been planned in all MDAs to ensure effective implementation.”

    He called on the private sector to work towards strengthening the ERGP Implementation Strategy and contribute towards its effective implementation.

    The minister revealed that as part of efforts to grow the economy, next year’s budget would soon be ready for vetting by the National Assembly. The Executive, he said, has concluded plans to submit the 2018 budget to the National Assembly before the end of this month.

    The Minister of State for Budget and National Planning, Hajia Zainab Mohammed, who spoke on Udoma’s behalf at a news conference to mark the end of the summit.

    Hajia Mohammed said the prepared 2018 budget would be presented to the President shortly for the Federal Executive Council (FEC) approval before transmission to the National Assembly.

    “We are working closely with the legislature. We want to ensure the budget is passed in December so that it starts to work from January 2018,” she said.

    She said she was optimistic that the 2018 budget would be passed in time to meet the January commencement of the fiscal year as planned.

    Speaking on the power sector tariff crisis, Hajia Mohammed stated that “it is clear no new investor will come without tidying the issue of tariff adjustment. They insist the current tariff is not sustainable but the new tariff will be a joint agreement with all stakeholders.”

    The Federal Government, she said, “will carry out another privatisation exercise for the power sector because what we sought to achieve by the previous privatisation has not been achieved. It has not worked well.”

    She added: “Government is still a shareholder in the current arrangement and so we want to call all existing stakeholders to the table and agree on way forward. We will agree on the level of shareholding and other issues so that this power issue can be addressed once and for all.”

    Power, she said, “is key to economic development and it is something the government is determined to ensure it works.”

    On private sector players’ worry that government heavy local borrowing has crippled banks’ ability to lend to them, the minister said: “The government will reduce local borrowing for private sector to get adequate credit to operate.”

    On the successful execution of the government’s Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP), she said: “We will review them and we have said the functional economic laboratories will be set up across the country in two weeks from now. We are not waiting for months. It is part of the recommendations.”

    On bills pending before the National Assembly, which if passed will accelerate economic growth, Hajia Mohammed said: “There are pending bills and we always try to carry out economic impact on them. For instance, the Competition Bill has the capacity to create 381,000 jobs annually, generate revenue of N148.3 billion yearly. It will also lead to a 10 per cent reduction in price of goods.

    “For the National Transportation Commission Bill, it will also boost job creation and government revenue”.

    Stakeholders will sure be on the look out to see if the deliberations at the summit will be put to use in the days to come.

  • ‘StarTimes will be at the vanguard of HIV prevention’

    At the Inaugural Meeting of Global HIV Prevention Coalition held in Geneva (Switzerland) on October 10th-11th, StarTimes vice-president Guo Ziqi sent a strong message towards reaching the prevention targets of the 2016 Political Declaration on Ending AIDS.

    With this declaration, United Nations Member States have committed to reducing new adult HIV infections to fewer than 500,000 annually by 2020 and ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.

    The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have since been working on generating support for a global HIV prevention coalition with the aim of strengthening and sustaining political commitment for primary prevention.

    Co-convened by UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé and UNFPA Executive Director Natalia Kanem, the Inaugural Meeting of Global HIV Prevention Coalition gathered United Nations Member States, civil society, philanthropists, academics and international organizations to launch the Prevention 2020 Road Map for achieving the global commitments on HIV prevention.

    As the representative of the only private sector media organization present at the meeting, Ms. Guo committed “to make full use of our resources and play to our strength to implement the road map to ensure the message reaching the largest number of people at the shortest time possible to make the most impact. StarTimes will be at the vanguard of HIV prevention.”

    Established in 35 countries, StarTimes is a leading digital TV operator across Sub-Saharan Africa providing, with a signal covering the whole continent, affordable digital television to over 10 million subscribers.

    “For StarTimes, these are not just 10 million subscribers, they are 10 million families (including the key population) who can be reached with the urgent message and the hope of ‘Ending AIDS as a public Health Threat by 2030’ with the joint effort of UNAIDS,” said Guo Ziqi.

    On May 12th, StarTimes and UNAIDS formally established partnership with signing a memorandum of understanding in Beijing focusing on HIV prevention through StarTimes broadcasting network.

    According to Ms. Guo, “though Internet is developing rapidly, TV remains the primary channel for information for the overwhelming majority of African families. As a Digital TV operator, StarTimes has a lot to offer for HIV prevention.”

    Furthermore, StarTimes has been tasked to implement the “Access to Satellite TV for 10,000 African Villages” under the guide of Chinese and African governments. Ms. Guo said that this project will allow HIV prevention to reach through digital TV the people who are the least well-informed, the most marginalized and left-behind of the continent.

  • Over N34bn unpaid taxes discovered by Reps

    Over N34bn unpaid taxes discovered by Reps

    Over N34 billion unpaid taxes have been discovered by the House  Ad-hoc Committee investigating the abuse of Pioneer Status Incentives granted by the Federal Government.

    From findings of the Jonathan Gaza-headed committee through documents provided by the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), the total figure is from default by 29 companies between 2010 and 2015.

    At the hearing at the weekend, the disparity between the total amount of taxes paid by the companies in the records with the committee and that submitted by the FIRS made the committee call for an immediate reconciliation of the tax records of the invited companies and the FIRS.

    The FIRS documents show that a company, which manufactures premier feedmill/animal feeds and made total turnover of N237,257,192,713 between 2010 and 2016, defaulted in the payment of  N11,862,859,635.65 taxes.

    The company BagCo Morpack with a turnover of N4.219 billion between 2011 and 2012 instead of paying N410,196,550, as recorded against it by FIRS, paid N217,249,512.44 VAT and also failed to provide financial statements.

    Another company, Golden Penny Rice Limited, with N13,129,379,000 turnover in 2013  ( which should have paid N756,468,950)  paid N25,000 VAT with an unpaid balance of balance of N656,468,950.

    Celplas Industries Nigeria Ltd, with N6,933,152,474 turnover, paid only N129,893,493 against total tax of N346,657,623.70.  Thai Farm International Ltd which had N1,592,071,356 turnover between 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015 did not pay N79,603,567.80 VAT;

    The representative of Bagco Morpack Nigeria Limited and Premier Feed Mills Company Ltd, Joseph Umolu, while speaking before the lawmakers said Bagco Morpack Limited was incorporated in 2006, applied for PSI on the 1st August, 2008.

    According  to him, two years extension was granted the company even though it requested for three years PSI.

    The company, he disclosed invested N2.4 billion into upgrading of facilities and produces 32 million sacks per month with all taxes duly paid.

    Umolu said the new investment was the reason the company was granted the two year extension in order to enable the use of local raw materials and that they had no significant savings.

    He said the alleged N11.863 billion unpaid tax between 2010 and 2016, couldn’t have been feasible as the company only saved over N320 million during the period under review.

    But members of the committee wanted to know why the company failed to file its financial statement in line with financial regulations requirements.

    Gaza, while addressing the  companies representatives at the hearing, said : “We are not going to hesitate from recommending recovery of every penny not paid. That you can take to the bank.”

    Gaza,  in a precious engagement with the beneficiaries of the PSI, noted that there were allegations that the scheme was riddled with corruption and said the committee was determined to “unravel every iota of corruption that is making the country we love so much to bleed.”

    He expressed concern over the huge amount of unpaid taxes by the beneficiary companies, adding that any of the companies and public officials involved in the illegal extension of the PSI would be handed over to relevant anti-corruption agencies for prosecution and recovery of the taxes due to government.