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Category: Special Report

  • Metering crisis remains a persistent challenge in the power sector

    Metering crisis remains a persistent challenge in the power sector

    Metering remains a critical yet unresolved challenge within Nigeria’s electricity sector, despite numerous governmental interventions. Accurate metering is essential for both consumers, to ensure fair billing, and for DisCos, to drive revenue collection and reduce operational losses. However, significant gaps persist, with millions of Nigerians still unmetered. This has resulted in exploitative estimated billing, financial losses, and inefficiencies in the electricity value chain. Despite various initiatives, including the Presidential Metering Initiative (PMI) and the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP), the sector continues to face financial, logistical and regulatory hurdles, hindering progress toward widespread metering and sector sustainability. Assistant Editor MUYIWA LUCAS writes.

    The issue of metering within Nigeria’s electricity sector has become a persistent problem that seems to defy all attempts at resolution, despite numerous efforts by the government to find a lasting solution. This challenge is particularly significant for the electricity distribution companies (Discos), which continue to struggle with this hydra-headed problem.

    The role of meters in the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI) is crucial, as they serve dual purposes. For consumers, meters ensure they are billed accurately for their actual electricity usage. On the other hand, they are vital for the Discos, providing a reliable mechanism for revenue collection and operational sustainability.

    Unfortunately, both consumers and Discos are suffering financial losses due to the lack of effective metering. Consumers, often without access to functional meters, are subjected to estimated billing, which many have labelled as exploitative. Meanwhile, for Discos, the significant issue of inadequate metering contributes directly to the Aggregate Technical, Commercial, and Collection (ATC & C) losses in the sector. In fact, proper metering is widely seen as a foundational element for ensuring the long-term commercial viability and revenue generation of the electricity industry.

    For the DisCos, it is crucial to accurately track both the inflow of electricity into their networks and the outflow to customers. This not only ensures fair billing but also facilitates transparent payments between suppliers and customers. As such, metering must be prioritised by the DisCos and the entire power sector value chain, since the costs of service at every stage are ultimately reflected in the final utility bill paid by the customer.

    The Aggregate Technical, Commercial, and Collection (ATC&C) loss represents the total losses a DisCo faces due to its inability to bill for 100 per cent of the energy supplied to customers (both technical and commercial losses), as well as the losses from the failure to collect the full amount of the bills issued. The ATC&C loss is a vital metric for evaluating performance and is integral to the process of tariff calculation.

    Yusuf Ali, the Commissioner for Planning, Research, and Strategy at the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC), effectively captured the essence of the metering challenge during his address at PwC’s Annual Power and Utilities Roundtable in Lagos. He emphasised that the problem is compounded by the inadequate enumeration of customers across the DisCos. Speaking on the theme “Reigniting Hope in Nigeria’s Electric Power Sector,” Ali described metering as “the lifeblood of revenue recovery,” stressing that the success of tariff reforms would be undermined without effective metering in place.

    In a PwC’s advisory report, Associate Ebere Onwuegbule and Senior Manager Jerry Ehanmo highlighted that the entire power sector value chain relies on the DisCos to provide last-mile services to customers and handle revenue collection. According to their report, this critical function can only be successfully carried out through an effective and comprehensive metering programme, which ensures accountability, transparency, and encourages customers to pay their bills.

     Even though there are 13.5 million registered electricity customers in Nigeria, approximately 6.2 million remain unmetered, according to data from the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC). This remains the case even though various regulatory interventions have been introduced over the years to ensure the widespread metering of electricity customers.

    Unfortunately, the DisCos have struggled to finance and implement the necessary strategic initiatives to improve cash flow and service delivery, which are essential for reducing the goal of ATC&C losses. Metering all end-use customers is expected to phase out estimated billing, enhance the accuracy of energy billing, and improve revenue collection. These improvements will have a positive ripple effect throughout the electricity value chain in Nigeria. Moreover, metering will inject much-needed liquidity into the sector, supporting infrastructure development and overall sector growth.

    At a recent NERC meeting with investors and owners of DisCos in Abuja, Prof. Barth Nnaji, former Minister of Power and Chairman of Aba Power, emphasised the necessity of fully metering consumers for the DisCos to become self-sustaining. He stated, “No matter the level of bypass in metering, ultimately, metering is a crucial enabler to curb collection losses. Once metered, DisCos can also invest in the technology and intelligence needed to reduce infractions.”

    Losses and declining installation

    Ali’s observations are clearly reflected in the revenue collection performance of the DisCos in December 2024. According to a report by the industry regulator, NERC, the 12 utilities collectively failed to collect N60 billion in December, raising serious concerns about the sector’s financial health and its capacity to deliver reliable electricity to consumers. The report revealed that while the DisCos billed customers a total of N238.21 billion for electricity consumed in December 2024, they were only able to collect N177.96 billion. This resulted in a collection efficiency of 74.71 per cent, leaving a significant gap of N60.25 billion uncollected. The data also underscores the disparity in performance among individual DisCos, with several recording collection efficiencies below the national average, pointing to considerable challenges in revenue collection.

    “This level of revenue loss is unsustainable,” stated Aisha Mohammed, an energy analyst at the Lagos-based Centre for Development Studies. “The DisCos need to significantly improve their collection efficiency to ensure the financial viability of the power sector.”

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    Stakeholders in the power sector have explained that the inability to collect billed revenue has a ripple effect across the entire electricity value chain. It limits the DisCos’ ability to invest in infrastructure upgrades, maintain their networks, and pay for electricity purchased from generation companies (GenCos). Ultimately, this undermines the quality and reliability of electricity supply to consumers. According to the NERC report, DisCos received a total of 2,705.86 GWh of energy in December 2024, billing 2,257.83 GWh to customers, resulting in an overall billing efficiency of 83.44%. This represents a modest increase of 0.11% compared to November 2024, indicating a positive trend in the DisCos’ ability to meter and bill customers accurately.

    However, the revenue collection picture remains less optimistic. Despite the total billings of N238.21 billion, DisCos were only able to collect N177.96 billion, which results in a collection efficiency of 74.71 per cent. Although this marks an improvement of 5.88 per cent from the previous month, it still leaves a significant gap between billed and collected revenue. The average allowed tariff for December 2024 was N116.18 per kWh, while the actual average collection was N82.50 per kWh, resulting in a recovery efficiency of just 71.01 per cent. This means DisCos are recovering only about 71 per cent of the revenue they are entitled to collect based on approved tariffs. A closer examination of the data reveals notable differences in performance among individual DisCos. Eko DisCo stands out with the highest billing efficiency of 89.03 per cent and a collection efficiency of 91.50 per cent. Ikeja DisCo also performed well, with a billing efficiency of 83.41 per cent and a recovery efficiency of 80.71 per cent.

    Conversely, some DisCos are facing significant challenges in revenue recovery. For instance, Kaduna DisCo has a recovery efficiency of just 31.87 per cent, while Aba DisCo stands at 45.91 per cent. These low recovery rates suggest issues with customer payment compliance and potentially highlight problems with metering and billing accuracy. The NERC report also compares performance relative to November 2024. Yola DisCo, for example, saw the highest relative improvement in billing efficiency, with an increase of 10.74 per cent. However, the report also notes that some DisCos experienced a decline in performance compared to the previous month. The report reveals that these losses are largely attributed to the inadequate allocation of meters to consumers, which continues to be a significant barrier to improving revenue collection.

    The continued decline in meter installations is concerning, especially given the various initiatives aimed at addressing this issue. NERC reported a significant 60.86 per cent Quarter-on-Quarter (Q-o-Q) drop in meter installation rates in the second quarter of 2024 (Q2-24), with only 49,188 meters installed, compared to 125,664 meters in the first quarter of 2024 (Q1-24).

    Despite this decline, the report notes that the new installations did contribute to a slight improvement in the overall end-user metering rate within the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI), increasing by 0.64 per cent from 44.79 per cent in Q1-24 to 45.43 per cent in Q2-24. “During the quarter, 35,985 meters, representing 73.16 per cent of the total installations, were installed under the MAP, framework while 264 meters were installed under the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP) framework. The Vendor Financed framework accounted for 12,843-meter installations while 96-meter installations were recorded under the DISCO financed framework.” The report added: “The Commission expects DISCOs to utilise a combination of the five-meter financing frameworks that have been provided in the 2021 MAP and National Mass Metering Regulations (NERC – R – 113 – 2021) to close their respective metering gaps.

    Several initiatives to close the metering gap

    As DisCos continue to struggle with closing the metering gap, they face several challenges, primarily financial constraints, logistical issues and regulatory hurdles. In response, the federal government has intensified efforts to assist these utilities in overcoming their difficulties. The first major initiative aimed at addressing the metering challenge began after the privatisation of the defunct Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), which led to the takeover by the 11 DisCos. Between 2013 and 2016, the government introduced the Credited Advance Payment for Metering Implementation (CAPMI). Under this initiative, electricity consumers were required to pay upfront for meters to their respective DisCos, with the utilities obligated to install the meters within 45 days of receiving payment. In return, these customers were to be reimbursed through exemptions from paying the fixed charge for meters, with a 12% interest rate.

    However, due to the unavailability of meters and customer resistance for various reasons, the CAPMI project achieved limited success, with only 410,796 meters installed across the country over three years. A second initiative was launched in 2018, under the Meter Asset Provider (MAP) scheme. This programme allowed third-party MAPs to supply and install meters, with payments made through a monthly meter maintenance charge. Additionally, customers had the option to pay 100% of the meter cost upfront or in installments. The prices of meters were set by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) and were uniform across all DisCos, with a commitment to install meters within 10 days of payment.

    Despite these efforts, the scheme faced numerous challenges, including installation delays, lack of refunds, volatility in foreign exchange (Forex) affecting meter prices, a 35% import levy on meters, and funding constraints. As a result, the number of meters installed was far below the contracted figure of 6,588,971. By December 2019, only 122,737 meters had been installed, despite over 100 companies registering as MAPs, meter service providers (MSPs), and local meter manufacturers and assemblers.

    Undeterred by previous challenges, the Meter Asset Provider (MAP) scheme was revised in 2020, offering only one payment option: customers would pay the MAPs to supply and install meters, with reimbursement through energy credits. This revised version retained most features of the original scheme. By December 2024, a total of 2,184,254 meters had been installed under the updated MAP scheme. In the same year, the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP) was introduced. This initiative aimed to increase the metering rate, eliminate arbitrary estimated billing, strengthen the local meter manufacturing sector, create jobs, and reduce collection losses. Meters under the NMMP are funded through loans from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank.

    To kickstart the programme, an investment of N200 billion was made to support revenue collections within the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI). The NMMP was structured in three phases: Phase 0 (the pilot phase) aimed for one million meters, funded by the CBN; Phase 1 targeted four million meters; and Phase 2 aimed for 1.5 million meters. Phase 0 was the only phase funded by the CBN, with N59.28 billion allocated for the installation of one million meters. Since its inception, 89.96% of the allocated funds for Phase 0 have been disbursed to the 11 DisCos, leading to the procurement of 962,832 meters through 23 Meter Asset Providers.

    In addition to the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP) and Meter Asset Provider (MAP) scheme, several other ongoing initiatives, such as the Presidential Metering Initiative (PMI), World Bank Distribution Sector Recovery Programme (DISREP), and the Meter Acquisition Fund (MAF), have brought in over N335 billion in funding. As of now, around 3.2 million meters are being rolled out under the DISREP, with implementation currently ongoing. Under the MAF, N1.185 per kWh of electricity sold to consumers is allocated to the MAF fund, which is centrally collected and managed by a Fund Manager (FM) on behalf of all DisCos. DisCos can then draw from this fund to procure meters through MAPs, using the contributions saved in the MAF to make payments.

    The introduction of the MAF came after the failures of previous programs, including the Meter Asset Provider Regulations in 2018 and the National Mass Metering Regulations in 2021. Despite this, the program has faced its own challenges, particularly slow and inefficient procurement processes by the DisCos, as well as pre-installation Know Your Customer (KYC) issues. However, despite these hurdles, N21 billion has been allocated for metering Band A customers under Tranche A of the scheme, resulting in the procurement of 143,929 meters, with installations currently underway.

    In another renewed effort to close the metering gap, the federal government introduced the Presidential Metering Initiative (PMI). This initiative involves a N700 billion loan from the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC), with a 10-year term, zero interest, and a two-year moratorium. The goal of the PMI is to procure 2.6 million meters and consolidate all existing metering initiatives, including the World Bank’s Distribution Sector Recovery Programme (DISREP), the Meter Acquisition Fund (MAF) by NERC, and the FGNPower programme. The PMI officially began earlier this year.

    In August, the federal government announced that, in collaboration with sub-national entities, it had raised N100 billion to fund the procurement of prepaid electricity meters. Minister of Power, Adebayo Adelabu, revealed that this funding was part of the PMI initiative. He pointed out that many customers were not paying their bills due to the perception that they were being overcharged through estimated billing. Adelabu emphasised that metering would ensure transparency, calling the ongoing challenges in the sector “self-inflicted.” He stressed that investments in metering would go a long way toward resolving many of the issues plaguing the electricity sector. “In the PMI, we have made good progress in sourcing the fund for this, and it is going to be by a combination of the federal and state governments. Today, we have received, and we have seen about N100 billion that will go into the procurement of meters,” the minister said.

    In a separate announcement, Adelabu revealed that the federal government plans to procure 3.5 million electricity meters by the end of the year to boost revenue for the cash-strapped power sector. He explained that most of the meters would be sourced from international vendors, while a smaller portion would be procured from local manufacturers, given their limited production capacity. Similarly, Tunji Bolaji, the Special Adviser to the Minister of Power on Strategic Communications and Media, confirmed the commencement of the Presidential Metering Initiative (PMI). “We are on course with the Presidential Metering Initiative and we expect delivery of meters to begin this quarter. The plan is to distribute about two million meters this year and 10 million meters in five years and it will be done in tranches. The government is working with the local manufacturers because the minister, in recent months, has had to inspect the local manufacturers to be sure they can deliver on the project. So, we expect meters from the local manufacturers,” he said.

    Data from the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) over a four-month period revealed that only 115,767 electricity customers were provided with meters between April and July. Out of the 13,293,739 registered electricity customers in the country, by July, 6,053,497 homes and offices had been metered. A breakdown of the data showed that in May, 8,733 customers were metered; in June, 12,854; and in July, 70,456. Although the responsibility for metering lies with the DisCos, the electricity distributors have consistently cited financing constraints as a major obstacle.

    According to the NERC data, the metering rate remained low throughout the period. In April, the rate stood at 44.67%, rising slightly to 45.39% in May, 45.43% in June, and 45.54% in July. During this period, Ikeja DisCo consistently led the metering rate, with 73.13% in April, 76.25% in May, 76.64% in June, and maintaining 76.64% in July. Abuja DisCo followed closely, with 61.19% in April, 70.02% in May, 70.17% in June, and 70.48% in July.

    DisCos respond

    In response to these initiatives and in a bid to mitigate their losses, DisCos across the country are increasingly focusing on meter installations. For example, the Kano Electricity Distribution Company (KEDCO) recently announced the commencement of the installation of 4,000 free prepaid meters for its customers. This move is part of a broader effort to improve service delivery and ensure transparency in billing. The installation is being carried out under the Meter Acquisition Fund (MAF) initiative introduced by the federal government. KEDCO has engaged approved meter vendors to supply and install the meters, marking a positive step towards addressing the metering gap and improving customer satisfaction.

    “In continuous efforts to close the metering gap, KE DCO has commenced metering its Band A and B customers under the Meter Acquisition Fund initiative, introduced by the federal government. Under this initiative, KEDCO has engaged approved Meter Asset Providers to provide and install over 4,000 meters to customers across the franchise area,” the management stated.

    Ikeja Electric, through its Head of Corporate Communications, Kingsley Okotie, emphasised that the utility has been proactive in the installation of meters. He mentioned that Ikeja Electric is currently active under the Presidential Metering Initiative (PMI) to install meters for its customers in Band A. However, Okotie did not provide specific data on the number of meters the utility has installed.  Meanwhile, the Association of Meter Manufacturers of Nigeria (AMMON) highlighted the need for decisive action to address challenges such as foreign exchange fluctuations, inflation, and instability within the metering industry. These issues, the Association warned, pose a significant risk of a severe meter shortage for installation.

    AMMON also urged the government to consider liberalising meter prices to allow manufacturers to better adapt to market dynamics and ensure a steady supply of meters. Additionally, the association stressed the importance of cost-effective meter specifications to support a sustainable metering solution in the country. “AMMON has expressed her concern over the challenges posed by foreign exchange fluctuations as it impacts the continuous supply of electricity meters to the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry, NESI. AMMON advocates for collaboration between regulatory bodies and the Nigerian Electricity Management Services Agency (NEMSA) to develop cost-effective meter specifications tailored to NESI requirements.”

    We are on course with the Presidential Metering Initiative and we expect delivery of meters to begin this quarter. The plan is to distribute about two million meters this year and 10 million meters in five years and it will be done in tranches.

  • Rent crisis: Will Lagos follow Enugu footprints?

    Rent crisis: Will Lagos follow Enugu footprints?

    The rent debate in Lagos is heating up, and all eyes are now on the Lagos State House of Assembly. This comes after Enugu State took a bold step by introducing a bill aimed at curbing the excesses of landlords. In Lagos, where rent hikes and exorbitant agency fees have become the norm, the question remains: will Lagosians get relief anytime soon? IBRAHIM ADAM reports

    It was Jubril Gawat, Senior Special Assistant on New Media to the Lagos State Governor, Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu, who stirred the conversation when he quoted the Enugu bill on his X handle, writing: “LAGOS … Coming Soon. A very strong issue but must be well discussed and implemented after deliberation by the Lagos House of Assembly.”

    His follow-up post added fuel: “Under this tweet, Landlords and Tenants are tackling themselves and sharing very interesting perspectives. Very nice.”

    With Lagos residents grappling with skyrocketing rents, many hope the conversation will lead to concrete action.

    What the Lagos tenancy law says

    The Lagos State Tenancy Law of 2011 provides some legal protection for tenants against unreasonable rent increases. Section 37 allows tenants to challenge excessive rent hikes in court.

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    However, the law has loopholes. High-value areas like Ikoyi, Ikeja GRA, Victoria Island, and Apapa are exempted, leaving tenants in these locations vulnerable.

    Moreover, Section 37 (2) gives no clear limit on how much landlords can increase rent; meaning rent hikes could still be astronomical.

    Learning from Enugu blueprint

    The Enugu State House of Assembly recently introduced the bill for a law to amend the Landlord and Tenant Law, which aims to cap agency and legal fees at 10% of annual rent, abolish caution fees, and penalise violations with fines of up to N500,000 or six months in prison.

    The bill also seeks to define eviction processes to prevent fraudulent evictions and ensure that only certified agents operate in the state.

    Entitled “the Bill for a Law to Amend the Landlord and Tenant Law, CAP. 101, Laws of Enugu State, 2024,” the proposed legislation sponsored by member representing Nkanu East State Constituency, Okey Mbah, underwent the first reading on Tuesday.

    Mbah said: “The ills it seeks to address are widespread and generally suffered by our constituents.”

    Landlords: Defending the price surge

    For many landlords, the rising cost of rent is a necessary evil. They cite high construction costs and economic instability as reasons for the hike.

    A landlord in Surulere confidently told our reporter: “If you don’t take this house for N1m, I can bet with you that before next weekend, I will give it out for N1.5m annual payment.”

    Another landlord in Somolu was even blunter: “It is my house, and I will give it out at what I choose to. The government did not build this house for me. If you cannot pay N1.3m annually, you can try another place.”

    On social media, some landlords echoed these sentiments. Cheryl deBlaq wrote: “I only collect rent & agreement fee of #50k. I don’t use agents. The Lagos laws favour tenants more than homeowners, and that’s why many homeowners are selling or converting properties to hotels.”

    While some landlords defend their actions, others like Omotoso, a landlord in Lagos, admitted: “Some landlords are simply wicked shylocks with the amount they charge for rents in Lagos. The government must do something about landlords and their partners in crime, estate agents.”

    Tenants: Voices of frustration, desperation

    For tenants, the story is one of hardship and frustration. Rent increases without prior notice, excessive agency fees, and steep caution fees are making life unbearable.

    Reacting to Gawat’s post, Olajide Taiwo, a Lagos resident, voiced concerns about the gap between legislation and enforcement, lamenting: “Egbon, it’s one thing enacting laws and another thing implementing them. My rent has been increased twice in just three years, with a 70% hike each time.”

    Other residents shared similar experiences. One tenant disclosed, “Mine was increased three times in four years. The last one was over a 50% hike. Increases are at par with the dollar’s upward movement but never come down. God dey help us still.”

    Akereyejo emphasised the strain of living in Lagos, highlighting how landlords are quick to complain about rising costs while tenants bear the brunt.

    “Seriously, living in Lagos is almost becoming unbearable for tenants. This has to be addressed. The government is building infrastructures with taxpayers’ money, but landlords are the ones complaining about cement prices.” Akereyejo said.

    Beyond rent, hidden charges such as agency fees, caution fees, and legal costs are also weighing heavily on tenants.

    Oluwaseun Tijani pointed out: “The rent itself isn’t the problem; it’s the agency fees, caution fees, and legal fees. There should be laws regulating how and when rent increases occur.”

    Capturing the frustration in a blend of humour and seriousness, Raheem Azeez Arisekola wrote: “House rent 150k per annum, agent and commission 250k, caution fee 50k. Total package 450k. Lagos scared me a lot… haha.”

    The latest complaint comes from Wahab, a tenant who shared his ordeal with escalating rent demands.

    “My landlord increases house rent yearly. When I wanted to get the apartment, the landlord told me N600,000, and I begged for N500,000.

    “But because I needed accommodation, I had to get it. I later discovered that the tenants I met there were paying N450,000.” Wahab recounted.

    The situation worsened when the landlord issued an ultimatum. “As of yesterday, the landlord has asked them to pack out if they cannot afford N600,000,” Wahab added.

    Agents and market dynamics: The middlemen’s role

    Agents are also central to the conversation, often accused of driving up costs through excessive fees.

    Our reporter found out that in areas like Agege, Surulere, Somolu, and Bariga, a room and parlour self-contain goes for N1m to N1.7m annually, with additional agreement, commission, damages, and legal fees between N700,000 and N900,000.

    While a room self-contain between N700, 000 and N1.2m with agreement, commission, damages and legal fee between N500, 000 and N700, 000.

    Abimbola, a prospective tenant, shared a shocking revelation: “A shop rent at 500k, agreement 250k, commission 250k, caution 50k, agent fee 5k. Just this morning! I asked the agent if he could pay such for that size of shop; he went cold.”

    Another X user questioned: “Is there a way they can eradicate agreement and commission fees or, better still, set a standard price? Agreement and commission dey frustrate boiz gan.”

    Sanwo-Olu advocates rental policy

    Thankfully, Governor Sanwo-Olu is also championing a transformative housing initiative – the Monthly Rental Payment System.

    Speaking at the 10th National Council on Lands, Housing, and Urban Development meeting in Lagos last year, Sanwo-Olu emphasised the burden of annual rent obligations on low and middle-income earners.

    He highlighted the state’s existing rent-to-own programme, requiring a modest five per cent down payment and a six per cent simple interest rate over 10 years.

    However, recognising that not all residents are ready for homeownership, the governor revealed plans for a purely rental system, allowing residents to pay rent monthly. This approach is designed to ease financial pressure and make housing more accessible.

    Special Adviser on Housing, Barakat Odunuga-Bakare, reinforced the governor’s commitment.

    She announced that the monthly rental scheme would launch by the end of 2024 or early 2025, starting with the public sector where earnings are easily verifiable. If successful, it will extend to the private sector.

    The state earmarked N5 billion for this scheme, underscoring its dedication to perfecting the initiative before rollout.

    Odunuga-Bakare pointed out that aligning rental payments with tenants’ earnings would not only enhance affordability but also stabilise the housing market.

    Fashola, others advocate monthly payment of rent

    Former Lagos State Governor and ex-Minister of Power, Works, and Housing, Babatunde Fashola, alongside key real estate stakeholders, is also backing the shift to a monthly rent payment system.

    At the Wemabod Real Estate Outlook 2025 event themed “Real Estate Development: A Catalyst for Nigeria’s Economic Recovery” in Lagos, Fashola argued that synchronising rent payments with monthly salaries could halt inflation and stabilise the economy.

    Fashola’s perspective is echoed by Group Managing Director of Odu’a Investment Company Limited, Abdulrahman Yinusa.

    Yinusa stressed the importance of employer involvement, suggesting that employers guarantee rental payments by deducting rent from salaries.

    This assurance, he believes, would encourage landlords to accept monthly payments, knowing their income is secure.

    Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Wemabod Limited, Bashir Oladunni also praised the monthly rental concept.

    He noted that while tenants would find it easier to meet their obligations, landlords’ interests must also be safeguarded. Given that many landlords rely on rental income to offset development loans, he added that the government must establish regulations balancing the needs of both parties.

    Oladunni revealed that Wemabod, backed by six states of the federation, is exploring the monthly rental model as part of its strategic plan to expand its housing portfolio by 500 units over the next five years.

    Economists and policy experts: To regulate or not?

    While many demand government intervention, some experts warn against overregulation.

    Abayomi Odekoya wrote: “Government intervention should not be to control rent, as it will reduce the incentive to invest in the housing market. If supply is low, rent will skyrocket, and undercover payments will become the norm.”

    However, another user argued: “Truth remains that government cannot fold its hands and watch hawkish landlords drive up inflation by arbitrarily jacking up rents. In most parts of Europe, the law limits landlords to increase rents based on conditions like adjusted inflation and property value.”

    Another user added: “Ko kan ye o! This is private business; if you want rent to be cheap, build government houses and rent then at giveaway prices. When I dey buy Dangote Cement, una no help me, when I dey settle Omo onile, una no dey there. When I want to benefit, you want regulate me? Ki lo de?”

    Will Lagos take the leap?

    With the Lagos rental market spiraling and tenants crying out for relief, the state’s next steps are eagerly awaited. As Jubril Gawat hinted, the public hearing for any incoming law promises to be interesting. The question remains: will Lagos adopt a framework similar to Enugu’s, or will the landlords’ lobby prove too strong?

    For now, Lagosians continue to hope for a fairer system, one where rent prices align with reality, and the dream of living in Lagos does not become a financial nightmare.

  • CBN strengthens oversight with key director appointments

    CBN strengthens oversight with key director appointments

    In a strategic move to bolster its operations and regulatory oversight, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has appointed new directors to key units within the bank. These appointments align with the CBN’s 2024–2028 strategy, which focuses on the active engagement of all staff in driving the successful implementation of its objectives. The involvement of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) in the selection process has been widely acclaimed by industry leaders as a prime example of due diligence in shaping critical policy decisions and implementation, writes Assistant Editor, COLLINS NWEZE.

    Every organisation, whether in the public or private sector, understands the importance of a highly efficient and productive workforce. The capacity of its workforce not only influences the efficiency and strategic direction of the institution but also directly impacts its overall performance.

    For the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the recent appointment of 16 directors and the thorough process behind these appointments highlight the institution’s commitment to securing top-tier talent. Under the leadership of Olayemi Cardoso, the CBN has introduced its new strategy for 2024-2028, emphasising the crucial role of every staff member in ensuring the successful execution and ownership of this strategy. So, the newly appointed directors are part of the broader vision of the bank to ensure that its policies and programmes are viably implemented in the overall interest of the economy.

    Emergence of new CBN directors

    Details have emerged on the process that led to the appointment of 16 new directors at the apex bank. Sources close to the regulator revealed that, in a departure from past practices, the CBN’s management engaged global consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) to oversee the selection process for the directors, ensuring an objective and transparent approach. A source within the bank, who spoke anonymously, disclosed that PwC conducted a two-phase appointment process designed to eliminate ethnic or religious biases. According to the source, “No objective-minded person at the CBN will question the transparency of this selection process or the qualifications of those appointed. The consensus within the bank is that management got it right this time by prioritising merit.”

    The appointments, which took effect from March 3, saw over 35 per cent of the new directors being women. The newly appointed directors and their respective departments include Dr. Rakiya Yusuf (Payment System Supervision), Dr. Adenike Olubunmi Ojumu (Medical Services), Dr. Aisha Isa-Olatinwo (Consumer Protection), Mrs. Rita Ijeoma Sike (Financial Policy and Regulation), Mrs. Monsurat Vincent (Strategy Management and Innovation), and Mrs. Omoyemen Avbasowamen Jide-Samuel (Information Technology).

    Other directors named in the appointment are Mr. Hamisu Abdullahi (Banking Services), Dr. Usman Moses Okpanachi (Statistics), Dr. Obom Victor Ugbem (Monetary Policy), and Mr. Farouk Mujtaba Muhammad (Reserve Management). Dr. Adetona Sikiru Adedeji, formerly Acting Director of Banking Supervision, now assumes a substantive role as Director of the Currency Operation and Branch Management Department. His appointment means his signature will now appear on Nigeria’s currency alongside that of CBN Governor Cardoso.

    Mr. Mohammed-Jamiu Olayemi Solaja, who previously led the Currency Operations Department, has been assigned to head the Other Financial Institutions Supervision Department. Additionally, Mr. Musa Nakorji now oversees the Trade and Exchange Department, while Mr. Kayode Olarewaju Makinde leads the Procurement and Support Services Department. Also included in the appointments are Mr. Ibrahim Hassan, who now heads the Development Finance Institutions Supervision Department, and Dr. Olubukola Akinniyi Akinwunmi, the new Director of Banking Supervision.

    These newly appointed directors join the existing leadership at the apex bank, which includes Mrs. Rashida Jumoke Mongonu (Bank Secretary and Director, Corporate Secretariat), Mr. Kofo Salam-Alada (Legal Adviser and Director, Legal), Mr. Muhammad Abba (Director, Human Resources), Dr. Blaise Ijebor (Director, Risk Management), Dr. Omolara Duke (Financial Markets), Aderinola Shonekan (Research), Mrs. Lydia Ifeanyichukwu Alfa (Internal Audit), Mr. Musa Itopa Jimoh (Payments System), and Mr. Musa Rabiu (Finance). While the CBN has yet to issue an official statement on the appointments, the process has been widely regarded within the institution as a step towards strengthening governance and operational efficiency, and also dispel insinuations that the management was planning to hire new directors from the outside – contrary to the CBN Act.

    Views from stakeholders

    President, Bank Customers Association of Nigeria (BCAN), Dr. Uju Ogubunka, said although the CBN is entitled to decide the best approach to appoint new directors, but it decided to entrench transparency in the process through the engagement of PwC. He said the best part of the appointment was that the new appointees all came within the bank, and are staff who are already part of the implementation of the bank’s strategy. He said: “The directors coming from inside the apex bank is a plus for the Cardoso-led CBN. They already know the CBN’s vision and plans. They will simply hit the ground running.”

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    Also, the CIBN recently commended the CBN for its current reforms in the banking sector, encouraging the public to continue their transactions and activities without hesitation. The Chief Executive of the CIBN, Mr. Akin Morakinyo, reassured the public of the safety and soundness of the banking system. “CIBN would like to reassure the general public that the Nigerian banks remain strong and resilient and that the CBN is committed to ensuring a stable financial system,” he noted.

    Speaking further, he stated that the institute would continue to support laudable initiatives of the CBN and other stakeholders for a virile economy. While noting that the CBN under the leadership of Cardoso has engaged in notable initiatives geared towards stabilising the monetary space, he also commended the apex bank for lifting the ban on 43 items that it had hitherto restricted access to forex from the CBN. It is also worth noting that the CBN had previously dissolved the management of several banks due to non-compliance with regulatory standards, corporate governance failures, violations of the terms under which their licenses were granted, and involvement in activities that threatened financial stability.

    The CBN dissolved the boards and management of Union Bank, Keystone Bank, and Polaris Bank. Consequent upon the dissolution of the boards and management of the above-mentioned banks, the apex bank swiftly appointed new executive officers for the affected banks and regulatory framework that can address the challenge of corruption and develop a policy framework that would harmonise available data to activate economic growth. Other members of the working group are the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), the Federal Competition and Consumer Commission (FCCPC), the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), the National Institute of Credit Administration (NICA), the Bank of Industry (BOI), and the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). 

    New strategy for efficiency, best practices

    Cardoso, during the unveiling at the CBN’s Strategy for 2024–2028, at the CBN Head Office, said that the vision of the Bank was to be a trusted and respected central bank promoting confidence in the economy, driven by five strategic themes to address the five focal areas that have been identified as the most critical to achieving the Bank’s objectives at this time. Highlighting the themes, the Governor said that the first thematic area – Price Stability and Monetary Policy Effectiveness, would guide the leveraging of established monetary policy instruments and rigorous data analysis to pursue the unwavering commitment to price stability.

    He said the second theme focuses on building a “Robust and Resilient Financial System” to deliver a resilient financial sector and ensure that financial inclusion objectives are an integral part of policy design to broaden access to financial products that promote sustainable economic growth. “Governance, Compliance and Advisory Partners to the Federal Government” was adopted as the third theme, stemming from the Bank’s commitment to being a transparent, reliable, and trusted advisor to the Federal Government.

    Speaking further, he stated that, conscious of the importance of the role of people, processes and technology in the attainment of the Bank’s objectives, two enabling themes: “Excellence in Central Banking Operations” and “An Impact-focused High-Performance Organisation” had been adopted as the fourth and fifth thematic areas, respectively. He listed “integrity, meritocracy, professionalism, accountability, courage, and tenacity” as the core values needed to guide the Bank’s actions toward ensuring professionalism, transparency, accountability, and unwavering commitment to the Nigerian people. While commending the Director, Strategy Management Department, and his team for coming up with the strategy, in-house, without external technical support, he urged every staff to take decisive actions to prioritise the principles of ethics, good governance, and transparency.

    He, therefore, called for collaboration from all stakeholders, noting that the strategy was not just for CBN, but belonged to every Nigerian, to build a prosperous Nigeria as well as ensure that the Bank becomes a respected and highly credible organisation. Members of staff of the apex bank said that the new strategy, which is the fourth in the history of the CBN, aspires to reposition the Bank to its core mandate and to be an institution at the forefront of economic transformation.

    They recalled that, over the years, the CBN had implemented three strategy cycles from 2012 to 2015, 2015 to 2019, and 2021 to 2024, all of which had their peculiar focus. They expressed his appreciation to the Bank’s management and the staff of the Strategy Management Department for their commitment and unwavering support to the development of the first in-house strategy within a short period. The highlight of the launch was the unveiling of the elements of the new strategy theme: “Repositioning for Impact.” Other stakeholders acknowledged that the new strategy resonates with the thematic model of repositioning the Mission, Vision, and Values of the CBN for greater impact. They lauded the management and all the staff in the Bank and across the branches for galvanising the Bank’s workforce for the engagement that brought the project to life, and for their unwavering backing, and reassured the support of everyone in executing the strategy.

    Other policy plans

     Earlier, Cardoso said the apex bank has intensified surveillance of market activities to ensure compliance and eliminate bad actors who attempt to undermine the system. “Together, we must build a market based on strong governance and transparency. As regulators, we will maintain a zero-tolerance approach to compliance violations.

    “Within the banking sector, I am pleased to note that the sector remains robust with key indicators reflecting a resilient system. The non-performing loan ratio remains within the prudential benchmark of five per cent, showcasing strong credit risk management.

    “The banking sector liquidity ratio comfortably exceeds the regulatory floor of 30 per cent, a level which ensures banks are maintaining adequate cash flow to meet the needs of customers and their operations. The recent stress test conducted also reaffirmed the continued strength of our banking system,” he added.

  • Advancing policing through collaborative agenda

    Advancing policing through collaborative agenda

    Policing in Nigeria has long struggled with systemic challenges, from inadequate infrastructure to strained public trust. However, the introduction of the Strategic Policing Agenda through Transformative Partnerships (SpAat), led by Inspector General Kayode Egbetokun, marks a pivotal shift towards modernising the police force through local and international collaborations. Assistant News Editor PRECIOUS IGBONWELUNDU reports

    Policing in Nigeria has long been marred by systemic challenges that have hindered its effectiveness and public trust. For decades, the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) has grappled with inadequate infrastructure, underfunded training schools, and strained relations with the public. These issues not only affected the operational capacity of the Force but also contributed to a growing sense of disillusionment among the citizens it was meant to serve. Despite several attempts by successive leaderships to address these concerns, progress remained limited, as the resources available to the police were often insufficient to make a lasting impact. As Nigerians continued to criticise the Force for failing to meet its core responsibilities, it became clear that a new approach was needed—one that focused not just on internal reforms but also on collaboration with external partners who could bring in expertise, resources, and innovative solutions.

    This shift in approach came with the introduction of the Strategic Policing Agenda through Transformative Partnerships (SpAat) by the newly appointed Inspector General of Police (IGP), Kayode Egbetokun. His vision for a more modern, effective police force is centred on collaboration with local and international stakeholders, aimed at improving police training, operational efficiency, and fostering a people-centred approach to policing. Egbetokun’s strategy, which draws from his personal experience as a former Commandant of the Police Training School, has proven to be a game-changer. His focus on improving the infrastructure of police training schools and revising outdated curricula to better align with contemporary policing methods has set the stage for a new era in Nigeria’s law enforcement landscape.

    One of the most notable early successes of this new collaborative approach has been the partnership between the Nigerian government and international agencies, such as the German Government and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Together, they have worked on upgrading key police training schools across the country, including the Police Training School in Ikeja and the Detective College in Enugu, transforming these once dilapidated facilities into state-of-the-art centres for learning. These upgrades have had far-reaching effects. The introduction of advanced training programmes—such as digital forensics, counterterrorism and crisis management—has enabled Nigerian police officers to equip themselves with the skills necessary to tackle modern-day security challenges. This shift toward professionalism and technology-driven policing is critical, particularly as Nigeria faces increasingly complex security threats.

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    Furthermore, the partnership with the German Government has extended beyond infrastructure. In an unprecedented move, mobile clinics have been donated to the Nigeria Police Force, providing essential healthcare services to officers and local communities, especially in remote areas. These clinics not only improve the well-being of personnel but also help foster a stronger bond of trust between the police and the public. International collaborations have also provided officers with opportunities to undergo specialized training abroad, further enhancing their ability to tackle emerging security threats. From learning advanced policing techniques to studying human rights enforcement and community engagement, Nigerian officers are now better equipped to navigate the complexities of modern law enforcement.

    These transformative initiatives represent more than just physical infrastructure or training programs—they signify a fundamental shift in how the Nigeria Police Force operates. Through these collaborations, the NPF is becoming a more modern, effective, and responsive force, one that is increasingly aligned with global best practices. Under IGP Egbetokun’s leadership, the Strategic Policing Agenda has marked the beginning of a new era for the Nigeria Police Force. Through international partnerships, modernisation of training facilities and a renewed focus on professional development, the Force is beginning to overcome the long-standing challenges that have plagued it for decades.

    Health and welfare improvements

    The health and welfare of police officers have long been overlooked, but under the leadership of IGP Egbetokun, significant strides are being made to ensure that the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) addresses the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of its personnel. Acknowledging the taxing nature of policing in a country as complex as Nigeria, where officers face significant challenges, IGP Egbetokun has prioritised improvements that will enhance officers’ health and overall morale. One of the standout initiatives is the deployment of mobile clinics to police formations across the country. These clinics are equipped to provide high-quality healthcare to police officers and their families, reducing absenteeism and boosting morale. This initiative addresses a major gap in healthcare access, ensuring that officers receive timely medical attention. By improving healthcare access, the NPF is not only safeguarding the physical well-being of its personnel but also demonstrating a commitment to the welfare of officers, which in turn helps reduce burnout and frustration.

    At the just-concluded Conference and Retreat for Senior Police Officers (CARSPO) 2025, IGP Egbetokun highlighted the importance of mental health in policing, an area often neglected in the past. “It is crucial that the mental health of our police operatives is prioritized,” he stated. The mental toll of policing in Nigeria, coupled with the stressors from internal issues such as housing and family challenges, has long been a silent crisis within the Force. With a heavy workload and a high-stress environment, the absence of mental health support can lead to dangerous outcomes, not only for the officers themselves but for the communities they serve.

    To address this, IGP Egbetokun is pushing for a robust mental health policy for the police, acknowledging that officers’ emotional and psychological needs must be met to prevent crises such as depression or burnout. During the retreat, specialists suggested the need for a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to mental health within the police force, starting with a country-wide research initiative to assess the mental health challenges faced by officers. The IGP has expressed strong support for this idea, signalling that the establishment of a national survey is a step towards creating a policy that truly addresses the mental health needs of the Force.

    Moreover, IGP Egbetokun emphasised that internal issues such as inadequate housing for police personnel were being actively addressed. Thanks to the continued support of President Bola Tinubu, efforts have been ramped up to ensure that officers have access to proper housing, which is a crucial element in reducing stress and improving overall job satisfaction. The IGP’s leadership in this area reflects his understanding of the importance of not only addressing immediate welfare concerns but also ensuring that officers have long-term stability and security.

    Another area of significant improvement is the Police Insurance and Welfare Scheme (NPWIS). Originally conceived in 1992 to provide welfare to police officers in case of retirement or unforeseen circumstances, the scheme had faced serious challenges, especially in the area of timely disbursement of benefits. For many years, the Pension Commission was the sole administrator of police pensions, leading to bureaucratic delays and resulting in retired officers and their families facing long waits to access their benefits. These delays led to frustration, protests, and growing discontent within the Force. Under IGP Egbetokun’s leadership, the process has been streamlined. Beneficiaries can now file claims from the comfort of their homes, and families of deceased officers have received timely benefits, a major improvement over previous practices. This change has made the entire welfare system more efficient and responsive to the needs of officers and their families, ensuring that they are not left vulnerable in times of crisis.

    In addition to health and insurance reforms, IGP Egbetokun has introduced strategic housing initiatives for police personnel. Through the first-ever Police Housing Summit convened under his leadership, a long-overdue focus on improving living conditions for officers has led to the reconstruction of dilapidated barracks and the development of new housing facilities across Nigeria. These initiatives are critical in ensuring that officers have safe, dignified living arrangements, which directly impact their effectiveness and satisfaction in their roles. As IGP Egbetokun stated, “To further enhance the welfare of our officers, we have initiated strategic housing schemes… leading to the reconstruction of dilapidated barracks and the development of new office and accommodation facilities across the country.

    “Our personnel, who work tirelessly to protect lives and property, deserve the best, and their welfare remains a top priority of this administration. Investment in human capital is also paramount. We have finalised plans for specialized training in forensic investigation, intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism, and cybercrime detection. These training programmes will be conducted in collaboration with both local and international stakeholders to ensure our officers are equipped with the requisite skills for modern law enforcement.”

    Through SpAat, a renewed focus on community outreach has led to a stronger bond between the police and the public. These initiatives have not only boosted trust but have also enhanced collaboration, which is critical for effective policing. The reinvigoration of these programs has fostered a sense of shared responsibility and improved relationships, paving the way for more positive interactions between officers and citizens. One significant example of the tangible effects of these reforms is the deployment of mobile clinics to rural areas, particularly in Northern Nigeria, where access to healthcare services has often been limited. These clinics have become an essential part of community support, serving both police officers and civilians alike. In one instance, a mobile clinic saved the life of an officer’s child suffering from malaria. This powerful example highlights the importance of these mobile clinics in providing crucial medical care to those who might otherwise go without, reinforcing the symbiotic relationship between the police force and the communities they serve.

    Furthermore, the return of officers who received specialised training in Germany has proven to be a game-changer. They implemented new crowd management techniques during protests in Lagos, which helped to reduce violence and ensure that demonstrations were peaceful. This is just one instance of how international partnerships are directly contributing to the enhancement of policing strategies and helping ensure that police actions align with global best practices. It highlights the police force’s commitment to ensuring public safety, while respecting citizens’ rights to peaceful assembly.

    In a side interview at the Conference and Retreat for Senior Police Officers (CARSPO), Deputy Inspector General (DIG) Frank Mba, who is in charge of Training and Development, elaborated on some of the reforms initiated and emphasised how they directly benefit the Nigerian public. He explained that many of the policies currently being implemented are a direct result of the valuable insights gained from past conferences. Mba pointed to the Police Social Media Policy as one of the earliest successful outcomes from previous conferences, aimed at improving the police force’s communication and engagement with the public. Similarly, the establishment of the Police Radio in Abuja and the creation of the Nigerian Institute of Police Studies were pivotal decisions made at these retreats that have contributed to the modernisation and professionalisation of the police force.

  • Adamawa celebrates a harvest of new chiefdoms, emirates

    Adamawa celebrates a harvest of new chiefdoms, emirates

    In a landmark move to foster equity and local governance, Governor Ahmadu Fintiri of Adamawa State established five new chiefdoms and two emirates. Between February 5 and 20, he officiated the coronation of the newly appointed rulers, presenting them with the staff of office. This step, aimed at enhancing traditional leadership and promoting unity, marks a significant moment in the state’s history, bringing renewed hope and self-determination to these communities, ONIMISI ALAO reports.

    To promote equity and fairness among the people of Adamawa State, Governor Ahmadu Fintiri established five new chiefdoms and two emirates. Between Wednesday February 5 and Thursday February 20, he officiated the inauguration ceremonies for these chiefdoms and emirates, formally presenting the staff of office to the paramount rulers of each.

    On February 19, Governor Fintiri crowned Dr. Ali Damburam as the Ptil of Madagali, making him the king of the newly established Madagali Chiefdom. The following day, February 20, he crowned Prof Bulus Luka Gadiga as the Mbeke Ka Michika. These two chiefdoms, along with Madagali and Michika, were part of the five chiefdoms and two emirates created under a bill passed by the Adamawa State House of Assembly and signed into law by Governor Fintiri at the end of 2024. In addition to Madagali and Michika, the new chiefdoms are in Hong, Gombi and Yungur (Song), while the two new emirates are Fufore and Maiha. The appointments of the new rulers were announced on January 3, 2024, and the dates for their coronations were subsequently set.

    The coronation ceremonies for the newly created chiefdoms and emirates began on February 5, 2025, in Fufore and concluded in Michika on February 20. On February 5, at the Atiku Abubakar Stadium in Fufore, Governor Fintiri presented the staff of office to Alhaji Sani Ribadu, the first Emir of Fufore. In his address, Fintiri emphasised his administration’s commitment to strengthening traditional institutions, fostering unity, and ensuring effective governance at the grassroots level. He highlighted that the creation of new emirates and chiefdoms was designed to resolve conflicts, promote arbitration, and bring justice closer to the people. “We are embarking on a journey that will bind our people together and create the right reach for governance in areas where it has been seemingly difficult to reach,” the governor said.

    Governor Fintiri underscored the importance of the newly enacted Adamawa State Chiefs (Appointment and Deposition) Law 2024, which laid the foundation for the creation of the new traditional institutions. He explained that the law aims to reposition these institutions for greater effectiveness, ensuring they play a more impactful role in governance and community development.

    On February 6, a significant ceremony took place in Dumne, Song Local Government Area, where Johnson Diyo Matalo was crowned as the Gubo Yungur. This event symbolised the restoration of the Yungur Kingdom, a long-awaited event that many described as the end of decades of subjugation. During the ceremony, Fintiri reiterated his administration’s commitment to all-inclusive governance, stating that the restoration of Yungur, along with the establishment of other new chiefdoms and emirates, was a step toward addressing historical imbalances and promoting unity across the state. “There was no justification for the Yungur people to be subjected to the traditional rule of anyone else. I am glad to have rectified this anomaly,” Fintiri stated. The newly crowned Gubo Yungur, Johnson Diyo Matalo, pledged to lead his people with humility and a strong commitment to the law, promising to be a ruler who serves his community with integrity.

    On February 8, Governor Fintiri, accompanied by his retinue, visited Gombi for the coronation of Aggreh Ali as the new Kumu Gombi. During the ceremony, the governor urged the newly appointed paramount ruler to leverage his extensive administrative experience in leading his people, particularly in matters concerning peace and security, which remain critical to the region’s stability. On February 13, Alhaji Ahmadu Saibaru was inaugurated as the first Emir of Maiha. In his address to the people of Maiha, Governor Fintiri congratulated them on this historic occasion and urged them to view their cultural diversity as a source of strength, not division, emphasising the importance of unity in building a prosperous future for the community.

    Addressing the Emir, Fintiri said: “You must carry everyone along; whether they are Njanyi, Bata, Fulani, Kanuri, Holma and so on; and you must not discriminate on the basis of religion.”

    On February 14, the coronation train moved to Hong, the headquarters of the Huba Chiefdom, where Governor Fintiri presented the staff of office to Alheri Bulus Nyako as the newly appointed Tol Huba of Hong. This ceremony marked the restoration of the Huba Kingdom’s long-lost status. Nyako reflected on the struggles that had spanned over a century, leading to the restoration of the Huba Chiefdom, and pledged to lead with fairness and accountability throughout his reign.

    On February 19, Governor Fintiri crowned Dr. Ali Danburam as the Ptil Madagali during a ceremony in Gulak, the administrative seat of the Madagali Chiefdom, solidifying the paramount ruler’s position. The coronation series concluded on February 20 in Michika, where a grand ceremony saw Prof Bulus Luka Gadiga crowned as the Mbeke Ka Michika. During this dazzling event, the governor officially handed over the staff of office, marking the culmination of a historic series of traditional rulings across the state.

    In the final, yet undoubtedly significant, coronation of the series, Governor Fintiri urged the people of Michika to harness their remarkable wealth, sound education, and diverse talents as invaluable assets in driving the development of their chiefdom. Acknowledging the historical significance of the Kamwe people, Fintiri expressed deep appreciation for their longstanding contributions to commerce and governance. He also praised their industrious spirit and their notable achievements across various fields. In his address, the newly crowned Mbeke Ka Michika, Prof Bulus Luka Gadiga, assured his people of his unwavering commitment to advancing progress in key areas such as education, agriculture, and economic growth, with a focus on bringing positive change to the community.

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    The rain of long desired chiefdoms, emirates

    The long-awaited creation of new chiefdoms and emirates in Adamawa State has been met with widespread celebrations across the affected local government areas, from Fufore to Yungur (Dumne in Song LGA), Gombi, Maiha, Hong, Madagali, and Michika. For the people of these regions, the establishment of new traditional institutions has brought the long-sought self-determination and local governance they had been yearning for.

    For many of these communities, the new traditional leadership is seen as truly indigenous, giving them a sense of pride and belonging. It marks a significant shift after several decades without any expansion in the number of paramount traditional institutions in the state. The last major change to the traditional structure occurred in 2004 when Governor Boni Haruna elevated several local leaders, including the Hama Bachama, Gangwari Ganye, Emir of Mubi, Amna Shelleng, Murum Mbula, and Kwandi Nunguraya, to first-class kings. One clear example of the positive impact of this new order is seen in the Hong Chiefdom, where the Huba (Hong) stool, once abandoned, has now been revived after a long struggle. The revival of this long-lost chiefdom has brought immense joy and gratitude to the people of Hong, demonstrating the transformative power of the new traditional institutions in the region.

    On February 12, just two days before the installation of their newly appointed paramount ruler, prominent sons and daughters of Hong gathered in Yola, the state capital, to address the press. The briefing, held at the NUJ Press Centre, was an opportunity for the people of Hong to express their joy and pride in the restoration of their cherished traditional leadership, now under the leadership of Töl Alheri Bulus Nyako, the new ruler of the Huba Chiefdom. Speaking on behalf of the community, Dr. Idi Hong, a former Minister of Foreign Affairs, highlighted the historical significance of the event. He reminded the press that the Huba Chiefdom had been reduced by colonial powers to a mere shadow of its former self, placed under the jurisdiction of an ‘ungraded district head’ and subjected to the authority of the Adamawa Emirate. Despite multiple attempts to restore the chiefdom—most notably in 1906, 1986, and 1988—none of these approvals had been implemented, leaving the people of Hong without their rightful traditional leadership for many years. Dr. Hong’s address reflected the immense satisfaction and gratitude of the people of Hong, who were finally witnessing the long-awaited revival of their ancestral governance.

    “Attempts to revive the Huba monarchy faced intimidation and resistance,” he lamented. Continuing, Idi Hong said the breakthrough for the Hong people came in December 2024 when Governor Fintiri signed the bill creating the Huba Chiefdom alongside six others. “This decision brought an end to a long-standing struggle for independence and self-determination,” he added.

    Disquiet in legacy emirates

    While the people of the newly created chiefdoms and emirates celebrate what they describe as newfound freedom, there is a quiet sense of loss among the legacy emirates from which these new territories have been carved. The Adamawa and Mubi Emirate, two of the largest and historically significant emirates, have been most affected by the creation of the new chiefdoms and emirates.

    Before the law establishing the new territories was signed by Governor Fintiri, the Adamawa Emirate covered a vast expanse, including the local government areas of Hong, Song, Gombi, Fufore, Girei, Yola North, Yola South, and Mayo-Belwa. However, with the new law, significant portions of this territory were taken out to form new chiefdoms and emirates. Hong, the Dumne axis of Song, all of Gombi, and Fufore are now part of the new administrative units, leaving the Adamawa Emirate with only Yola South, Yola North, Girei, and Mayo-Belwa.

    Similarly, the creation of new territories has also greatly reduced the influence of the Mubi Emirate. Previously, the Mubi Emirate encompassed Mubi South, Mubi North, Maiha, Michika, and Madagali. After the recent changes, Mubi Emirate now only governs Mubi South and Mubi North, losing control over Maiha, Michika, and Madagali. While the new arrangements have been welcomed by the people of the newly created chiefdoms and emirates, the legacy emirates have seen their reach and influence significantly diminished, marking a period of adjustment and, for some, quiet grief over the loss of territory and authority.

    Among the two affected emirates, the Adamawa Emirate has seen the most vocal opposition to the reduction of its influence. Dr. Umar Ardo, a prominent politician and the Adamawa State Social Democratic Party (SDP) governorship candidate in the 2023 election, has been one of the most outspoken critics of the new arrangement. In an article, Ardo argued that the new order could lead to societal discord, suggesting that it is fraught with historical inaccuracies, ethnic biases, and religious divides. He expressed concern that the way the new chiefdoms and emirates were created could fuel tensions among the various communities, undermining the state’s unity and social harmony.

    “First, the decision to sever historically significant domains such as Gurin and Ribadu from Yola and place them under Fufore is a glaring historical anomaly,” Ardo asserted, adding that the identified locations were integral to the cultural and political identity of the Adamawa Emirate. He also said that while the creation of new chiefdoms and emirates might seem like a step towards cultural recognition, the decision to classify them as 2nd Class and 3rd Class entities is a halfhearted act that reveals a lack of genuine commitment to their empowerment.

    “The communities that advocated these chiefdoms did so with the expectation of equal status with existing first-class chiefdoms, yet they have been relegated to subordinate positions,” he said.

    He said: “In a state that harbours 79 distinct ethnic groups, the new situation will only highlight the sensitivities and fears of other ethnic minorities who have been effectively excluded from and marginalised by the new status quo ante.”

    Ardo, writing in his capacity as the convener of the League for Northern Democrats (LND), strongly disagrees with the perspective of the Gongola People’s Forum (GPF), which has praised the creation of new chiefdoms and emirates as a means of fostering unity in Adamawa State. Ardo contends that this view is fundamentally flawed, arguing that the new administrative units have already introduced divisions rather than unity. In his critique, Ardo pointed out that the creation of new chiefdoms and emirates, without addressing deeper issues of ethnic and religious discord, will only worsen existing divisions. He emphasized that creating administrative boundaries alone cannot resolve underlying societal tensions. “Creating new administrative entities without addressing the underlying issues of ethnic and religious discord only exacerbates existing divisions,” Ardo asserted.

    Furthermore, Ardo rejected the GPF’s praise for Governor Fintiri as a “fearless leader” and “emancipator,” arguing that such accolades are misplaced. He explained that true visionary leadership is demonstrated through strategic policies that address the state’s core challenges, such as poverty, unemployment, and insecurity, rather than through symbolic or politically motivated changes to traditional leadership structures.

    In contrast to the critics, the beneficiaries of the newly created chiefdoms and emirates, including the new chiefs and emirs, have been effusive in their praise of Governor Fintiri for granting them a renewed sense of freedom and self-determination. The Gubo of Yungur, Johnson Matalo, expressed his gratitude, stating: “The creation of the seven chiefdoms and emirates is a testament to our governor’s commitment to peace, unity, and development across Adamawa State. We appreciate this historic step, which has given our people a stronger voice and a clear identity.” Matalo’s statement reflects the sentiments of many who view the establishment of these new territories as a positive and transformative move, providing them with greater autonomy and influence in the state’s governance.

    At the end of the coronation exercise that he supervised in Michika, Fintiri said: “We recognise that a thriving society is built on a strong foundation of opportunity and wellbeing for all citizens. My administration is resolute in its determination to achieve success, and we will not be deterred by the voices of critics whose primary past-time seems to be sewing the seed of disaffection in our communities.”

    Meet Adamawa’s new and old chiefdoms, emirates

    The recent creation of new chiefdoms and emirates in Adamawa State has introduced a new layer of traditional leadership across the region. These new territories vary in status, with the Fufore Emirate holding second-class status and its headquarters in Fufore, while the Maiha Emirate is a third-class emirate with its headquarters in Maiha. The newly established Hoba (Hong) Chiefdom, with its headquarters in Hong, and the Madagali Chiefdom, based in Gulak, both hold second-class status, as does the Michika Chiefdom, which has its headquarters in Michika. The Gombi Chiefdom, located in Gombi town, and the Yungur (Dumne) Chiefdom, with its headquarters at Dumne, are both designated as third-class chiefdoms.

    On the other hand, the older, established emirates and chiefdoms in Adamawa, including the Adamawa Emirate, retain first-class status. The paramount ruler of Adamawa Emirate, the Lamido Adamawa, Alhaji Muhammadu Barkindo Musdafa, continues to be a central figure in the state’s traditional leadership. He also serves as the Chairman of the State Council of Chiefs, a position recognised by the law that created the new chiefdoms and emirates. These older institutions, with their first-class status, maintain a significant influence in the state’s governance, while the new chiefdoms and emirates represent a shift toward decentralizing power and giving local communities a more direct role in leadership.

    Mubi Emirate, a significant economic hub, encompasses Mubi South and Mubi North councils, forming the commercial nerve center of the region. Ganye Emirate includes the councils of Ganye, Jada, and Toungo, while Bachama Kingdom spans the Numan and Lamurde councils. In addition, the Amna Shelleng is located in Shelleng Local Government Area, representing another key traditional authority in the state. The Kwandi Nguraya Kingdom, predominantly of the Lunguda people, is primarily located in Guyuk Local Government Area, with its palace in Guyuk town. Demsa Local Government Area stands out with two paramount rulers: the Hama Bata, whose palace is in Demsa town, and the Murum Mbula, whose headquarters is in the Borrong axis of Demsa. This unique dual leadership structure adds to the rich cultural and traditional diversity of the region.

  • Wanted: A united front against brutal killing of women, girls

    Wanted: A united front against brutal killing of women, girls

    Despite being underreported due to stigma, societal norms, and systemic failures, femicide (killing of female) has become alarming nationwide. The incidents are not isolated. They have become part of a broader pattern fueled by gender inequality, socio-cultural barriers, and a flawed criminal justice system. Assistant News Editor/Head Security Desk, PRECIOUS IGBONWELUNDU reports.

    Background

    When Yetunde Lawal left the venue of a naming ceremony she was attending on February 10, at the instance of her friend, Abdulrahman Moh’d Bello, she had no inclination it was a journey of no return. Yetunde, a final-year student at the Kwara State College of Education in Ilorin, was eating, but she suddenly dropped her food and left hastily after a call from Abdulrahman, the friend she met and chatted with on Facebook. That was the last that was heard of her. Detectives later found parts of her dismembered body inside a bowl at Abdulrahman’s residence at Offa Garage. The other parts had been trashed at a dumpsite in Ilorin. Her remains were recovered after her call log was tracked following a missing person report filed by her parents.

    Like Yetunde, Salome Adaidu, a National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) member serving in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), was beheaded by her boyfriend, Timileyin Ajayi, at Agwan Sarki Orozo in Nasarawa State. The suspect was apprehended by members of a nearby church who saw him moving around suspiciously to drop a bag in the river. He confessed to have killed and beheaded his lover of almost a year.

     Last month, the husband of Chioma Nwana doused her with petrol and set her ablaze at their Abagana, Anambra State residence. She wailed: “Nnem o! Ije di ebuemu o!” meaning “My mother, marriage has killed me”, as she writhed in pain. Chioma, a mother of six, suffered first degree burns. She died in the hospital she was rushed to that night. Her husband was detained after he turned himself in to the police.

    These are few of the hundreds of femicide cases recorded across the country since 2020. From the deserts and mountainous hamlets up north to the mangroves and riverine communities down south, women and girls remain vulnerable victims of senseless killings. Whether at home, worship and workplaces, or even in full public glare, chilling details of women raped and/or killed by their partners, relatives, estranged lovers, colleagues and even total strangers are awash in the media. They are harsh reminders of the dangerous reality women face – platonic friendship, rejection of love advances, job seeking or even hanging out with friends could mean their unexpected and gruesome end.

    Statistics

    Globally, the statistics paint a grim picture, with over 89,000 women killed in 2022, the highest number recorded in 20 years. Also in 2023, a joint report by the United Nations (UN) Women and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), revealed that 85,000 women and girls were killed, with 60 per cent of the atrocities committed by intimate partners or relatives.

    The report added that while overall homicide numbers started to decline globally after a peak in 2021, that of femicide was not decreasing.

    A breakdown of the statistics indicates that at least one female is killed every 10 minutes, or 140 women and girls lose their lives to intentional murder daily. According to the report, Africa recorded the highest rates of intimate partner and family-related femicide in 2023, followed by the Americas and Oceania.

    In Nigeria, 401 women reportedly died from sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in 2022 alone. The government acknowledged over 27,000 recorded cases of SGBV in the past three years.

    Data obtained from the DOHS Femicide Dashboard, a live tracker on cases and insights showed that there have been 135 incidents of femicide resulting to 149 deaths in 2024. From the data, majority of the women (26.7%) were strangled to death, the method of killing was not specified in 23.7% cases, 11.9% were beaten to death, 11.1% died from stabbing, 4.4% were poisoned and 3% were shot dead. It also showed that most of the victims (20%) were killed by their boyfriends; those responsible for 17% of the cases were unspecified; 13.3% were killed by acquaintances; 8.9% were murdered by their husbands; 7.4% by intimate partners; 7.4% of the perpetrators were the sons of the victims, 4.4% were neighbours and 3% of the culprits were unknown assailants.

    Other instances

    Like scenes from a horror movie, a grim tableau of decomposing bodies, dismembered human body parts, and emaciated survivors, many of whom were women, was revealed in March 2014 following the uncovering of a human slaughterhouse inside the Soka Forest in Ibadan, Oyo State. The victims were mostly kidnapped individuals, especially women who were tortured, trafficked and in some cases murdered. Despite the magnitude of the discovery, concrete arrests and prosecutions were limited, leaving many questions unanswered.

    Another heartrending femicide was the brutal rape and murder of a 22-year-old University of Benin microbiology student, Uwaila Omozuwa, inside a Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) parish in June 2020.

    Omozuwa, who was a member of the choir, saw the church as a safe place to study following the lockdown occasioned by the Corona virus pandemic. But she was found lifeless, lying half-naked in a pool of her own blood after being attacked by a murderous gang.

    The news of the killing of Iniubong Umoren, a young applicant lured with a fake job offer to Uyo, the Akwa Ibom State capital, also went viral, causing disquiet nationwide. Her remains were buried in shallow graves, with some of her body parts missing.

    The case of Oluwabamise Ayanwole, 22, who was killed inside a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicle which she boarded in Lagos Island was awash in the media. The driver, Andrew Ominikoron, is standing trial for her death. Her mutilated body was reportedly thrown out of the moving bus.

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    Last December 24, one Charity, was allegedly beaten to death by her husband for roasting instead of cooking a tuber of yam. On October 4, last year, a six-month pregnant woman was stabbed multiple times, in Ikorodu, Lagos, for alleged infidelity. The assailant then set the house on fire.

    On September 11, a 20-year-old undergraduate, Paul Jeremiah, was arrested by the Kogi State Police Command for allegedly kidnapping and killing a Federal University of Lokoja (FUL) fresher, he met and befriended within a week.

    Jeremiah, who confessed to collecting N400,000 ransom from the teenager’s parents, proceeded to strangle her, severed her eyes, tongue, lungs, intestine, and some part of her buttocks as demanded by his Ibadan, Oyo State based witch doctor for ritual purposes.

    That same September, Christiana Idowu, a Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, undergraduate was kidnapped in Lagos and subsequently murdered by a childhood friend, who removed some of her body parts and allegedly buried the rest at his father’s compound in Ikorodu.  The suspect, who is remanded at the Kirikiri Maximum Custodial facility of the Nigeria Correctional Service (NCoS), was alleged to have previously killed other women in similar fashion whose decapitated and decomposing bodies were allegedly dug out at the same residence following his arrest by troops of 174 Battalion, Ikorodu.

    In Kano State, Sa’adatu Ibrahim was killed in cold blood by her lover of one week, last July for refusing his marriage proposal on the ground that their relationship was still new.

    One Habibat was beaten to death by her husband in Lagos over allegations of infidelity.

    Similarly, in March 2024, a tragic incident unfolded in Ondo when a man stabbed his wife to death following an argument over the woman’s occasional visit to her ex-husband’s house to see her child. He attacked the woman with a pair of scissors, stabbing her on the neck and stomach, and set her body ablaze.

    On April 27, one Arinola was stabbed to death by her husband over alleged infidelity. Ocheze Ogbonna, a crane operator in Abia State, was pushed to her death by a foreign colleague after reportedly rejecting his love advances.

    Also, Celine Ndudim and her Ghanaian friend, Afiba Tandoh went missing last April after visiting one Andrew Amaechi Ochekwo in Aba, Abia State. The man was later killed by police operatives when he attempted to escape from custody following his arrest for alleged serial murder of women.

    On July 13, twenty-one-year-old Augusta was allegedly murdered by her lover, Benjamin. The suspect fled after committing the heinous crime at his Oral Estate residence in Ajah, Lagos State.

    In October 2023, a man identified as Collins was arrested following the alleged murder of his female partner, a 300-level undergraduate at the University of Port Harcourt, Justina Nkang.

    Why femicide persists

    Indeed, the targeted killing of women did not start today. This atrocity which is deeply rooted in power structure that discriminates against women and motivated by the offenders’ perception of superiority, dates back to time immemorial.

    Enabled by ingrained socio-cultural norms that fuel patriarchy and a criminal justice system which has failed to recognise and adequately punish the crime, perpetrators and their supporters have been encouraged to continue this unchecked and despicable violence that leads to the killing of their victims in the most horrific, gory and unimaginable ways.

    Although femicide is often as a result of cyclic violence perpetuated against women and girls before their death, there seem to be a nexus between femicide, ritual killings, and organ trafficking especially in Nigeria. This is because most of the reported cases have shown a pattern of the dismemberment of the body parts of victims by the perpetrators. Many of those arrested claimed that they either wanted to use their victims for rituals or sell the parts. Experts believe that deeply rooted cultural, economic, and social factors, superstitious beliefs and the pursuit of quick wealth or power are driving individuals to commit these atrocities, with vulnerable women, often the target.

    They opine that the commercialisation of human body parts, especially those of women, for rituals or organ trade has exacerbated the issue, creating a lucrative black market for these crimes.

    A pathologist with the Nigeria Police Force, Dr. Samuel Keshinro, an Assistant Commissioner (ACP), told The Nation that the reason for femicide was multifactorial, ranging from the patriarchal societal norms, unreasonable misogynistic attitude, mental health issues of perpetrators to gender inequality experienced by the victims

    To Keshinro, recurrent violence against the victim is a common trigger sign to watch out for, to avoid the dastardly act of femicide. Regular intoxication with alcohol and/or controlled substances can predispose violence and eventual femicide, he added.

    According to the Chief Operations Officer, DOHS Care Foundation, Mrs. Ololade Ajayi, the nonrecognition of the crime of femicide by Nigerian laws was partly responsible for its persistence, stressing that the husband of a domestic violence victim who dies should be investigated for femicide.

    Ajayi also attributed the persistence of the crime to the culture of victim blaming, which she said emboldens perpetrators by taking the onus of responsibility off them.

    “Many people have found love on dating sites, why should it be turned to a den for bloodletting for women and girls? There is a community of Incel online, especially on X and other social media platforms that actively begins to blame victims when femicide happens.

    “What they are doing is to signify to the perpetrator that it’s ok, you have a community here supporting and defending you, and that is why you see perpetrators begin to feed into the narrative they are putting out.

    “They did it with Augusta Oseodion who was murdered in 2023 and even recently with the woman who was burnt to death by her husband in Abagana, Anambra State.

    “Also, the absence of a law on femicide is definitely contributing to the crime. Perpetrators are not aptly punished,” she said.

    Challenges in curbing the menace

    Tracking data on femicide is quite challenging, time and finance consuming, which many organisations- public and private- have limited resources to attend to. When a case of suspected femicide is recorded, forensic experts or pathologists have to be brought into the picture to conduct detailed examinations some of which include taking DNA samples that are flown abroad and cross matching results with those in the biometric databases to possibly identify a suspect not yet in custody, which do not come cheap.

    To Dr. Keshinro, manpower shortage and training needs were part of the challenges faced by law enforcement officers in identifying and preventing or curbing the menace.

    “Too few investigators or specialised homicide officers; inadequate specialised medical doctors or pathologists that can conduct autopsies- an important procedure to medically ascertain cause of death which is necessary to identify femicide and/or prosecute offenders.

    “Also, cultural norms tend towards “resolving” femicide cases within the family to avoid bringing “disrepute” to the members, as well as inadequate awareness on triggers to look out for to avoid femicides,” he said.

    The challenge, to him, was not the absence of law but the enforcement and procedures surrounding the prosecution. 

    “I am sure there are laws against any type of illegal killing of another person including this specially recognised type termed femicides. Section 319 of the Criminal Code Act in Nigeria states the punishment for murder (male or female homicide or femicide – (1) “Subject to the provisions of this section of this Code, any person who commits the offence of murder shall be sentenced to death…”

    To Ajayi, “we need funding to follow up on cases to get details especially in rural areas and follow up with judgment in these cases. We need to reach more communities in terms of awareness. Also, there is a lot of hostility online when we post these cases, femicide deniers and Incels come at us with a lot of vitriol.”

    How delayed justice exacerbates PTSD for victims’ relatives

    For relatives of victims of femicide, the sorrow of losing their loved ones under such circumstances could have lessened if they had gotten justice. But their pains have been worsened with feeling of helplessness, anxiety and frustration, no thanks to the delays in administering justice. For instance, most of the cases in the report were still pending in court, awaiting trial or still under investigation, years after the crime was committed, thus denying the relatives much-needed closure.

    At the DOHS’ memorial for victims of femicide held on November 30 at the National Stadium in Surulere, some relatives of femicide victims shared how the absence of justice had exacerbated their Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

    One of the relatives was Damilola Ayanwole, the elder sister of Bamishe Ayanwole. She recalled with nostalgia how loving her younger sister, whose birthday coincidentally, was the same day as the event, November 30.

    “My sister was a sweet soul, whose life was unnecessarily cut short. Our family has been made to go through this prolonged grief as we are yet to get justice since 2022 despite the arrest of one of the major suspected perpetrators of the murder.

    “I was there in the laboratory at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) when they collected specimen from Bamishe’s body. I saw when they were inserting something into her private parts. I asked what it was, and I was told they were taking a sample to determine if she was raped. It was also supposed to show the DNA of the person or people who raped her.

    “But till date, we haven’t heard or seen any results concerning the specimen that they took from her body. We were told it would be taken abroad for the test, but nothing has been heard till today. It is saddening.”

    She also lamented that the other accomplices of Omonikoron who he claimed boarded the bus and forced him to divert his route at gunpoint, before allegedly raping, robbing and killing Bamishe were yet to be apprehended years later.

    “Where are they? Why have they not been produced? Where are Bamise’s belongings? Her phone, her bag? We were told she had everything she needed to present to the mother of the unborn baby, who is my brother’s wife. She had even sewn clothes for the baby. Where are all these things?”

    “The family’s experience in seeking justice for Bamishe has been challenging and frustrating. We have faced multiple adjournments in court, which have delayed the justice process. The family feels that the government has not done enough to investigate the case and bring the perpetrators to justice,” she lamented.

    Law enforcement and the quest for justice

    Although femicide is not known as a distinct crime under the laws of the country, the police must be commended for taking steps towards curbing all forms of gender-based violence and ensuring adequate data storage. The crime analysis record obtained by our Correspondent from the police headquarters in the course of this investigation showed that a total of 17,415 SGBV cases were recorded last year. Of the number, 17,306 were investigated, 15,792 charged to court but only 2,758 convictions were secured.

    Just last week, Inspector-General of Police (IGP) Olukayode Egbetokun directed the expansion of gender offices in all divisions across the country. Prior to this directive, the police only had gender offices at the state, zonal commands and force headquarters.

    With the establishment of police gender offices at all the divisions, SGBV victims can get timely help before their situations worsen.

    Also, the IGP directed that only qualified officers should man the gender desks, adding that they will have to undergo specialised trainings to equip them with the necessary skills, knowledge and expertise to effectively handle such cases.

    “This integration is designed to provide a holistic approach to handling gender-based violence and related cases, fostering a supportive environment for victims and ensuring swift justice delivery. “The strengthening of the GBV desk offices underscores the Nigeria Police Force’s commitment to safeguarding the rights of victims and survivors of gender-based violence.

    “It is a proactive response to the increasing need for focused resources and specialised interventions to protect vulnerable populations.

    “The IGP urges all citizens to report incidents of violence and take advantage of these desk offices to seek justice and protection.

    “The Nigeria Police Force remains steadfast in its mission to uphold justice, ensuring that all citizens’ rights and freedoms are protected without discrimination or bias,” said Police spokesman, ACP Olumuyiwa Adejobi in a statement.

    Moreover, Dr. Keshinro and his team are working on a grant project sponsored by Bloomberg Philanthropies to measure femicides in Lagos State.

    “We are yet to conclude the data analysis on trends and risks factors specifically connected to femicide in our environment. Our findings will be made public at the end of the project,” he said.

    At the Lagos Command level, steps have already commenced to not only document femicide cases but also provide safe spaces for victims of SGBV. This is being done in collaboration with the office of the First Lady so that a befitting shelter/clinic is provided for victims to feel protected.

    Legislative intervention

    Already, the House of Representatives on February 18, asked the National Judicial Council (NJC) to facilitate the designation of special divisions within existing courts at all levels to expeditiously handle homicide, femicide and related cases.

    The House made the call following a motion titled “A National Call to Halt Homicidal and Femicidal Acts in Nigeria”, sponsored by Awaji-Inombek D. Abiante (PDP, Rivers), Faleke James Abiodun (APC, Lagos), Ogah Amobi Godwin (LP, Abia) and Manu Soro Mansur (PDP, Bauchi).

     It resolved to investigate the causes of recent killings of women and girls across the country. It asked the relevant law enforcement agencies to prioritise homicide investigations and ensure thorough prosecution of offenders to serve as deterrent to other offenders.

    The House also asked religious organisations, the National Orientation Agency, the Ministry of Women Affairs and other advocacy groups to initiate public awareness campaigns focusing on instilling ethical values and respect for human life, and to promote programmes that educate young people on the dangers of ritual killings, murder, and manslaughter.

    Moving the motion on behalf of the sponsors, Abiante argued that establishing Special Divisions within existing courts with exclusive jurisdiction over homicide and related cases will expedite justice, reduce backlogs, and restore public confidence in the legal system.

    He expressed concern over the delays in the prosecution of homicide cases, which have caused prolonged pre-trial detentions leading to overcrowding of correctional facilities, loss of crucial evidence, and eroding public faith in the judicial system.

    Abiante appealed to the House to mandate the Committees on Judiciary and Human Rights to liaise with the NJC and other relevant stakeholders to monitor the implementation of the resolution and report progress within a stipulated timeframe.

    The way forward

    Advocating for a national femicide law, United States of America based researcher, Jessica Ojiugo Chinonye, said the absence of a legalised femicide law has exacerbated the underreporting of such issues in Nigeria and lessened the severity of the crime.

    She noted that the lack of comprehensive data on femicide was also an issue.

    “The numbers currently reported at the national level are questionable, especially with the prevalence of economic-motivated harvesting of female reproductive organs in the country.

    “The lack of a legalised femicide law has exacerbated the underreporting of such activities in Nigeria and has made the severity of the crime less visible.

    “This article aims to name the problem by defining and advocating for a femicide law encompassing the social realities of many Nigerian females,” she stated in the abstract to her research on the topic.

    Acknowledging a gap in database on femicide, Ajayi of DOHS said her organisation stepped in to provide a solution in 2023, which has revealed the huge problem that femicide in Nigeria is.

    “It’s always been there but mostly reported as domestic violence, ritual cases or something else by the media hence, the uproar dies down after a few days and everyone moves on till the next case,” She said.

    On the way forward, she said femicide must be recognised as a crime in the country’s laws so that stiffer punishments can be provided.

    “We submitted a bill on femicide before the Lagos State House and the National Assembly in April 2024. It’s been ignored. If stiffer punishment such as death sentence is prescribed for the crime of femicide when recognised in the law, it will help to abate the crime.

    “The law will also strengthen the actions for effective prevention, protection, care, investigation, prosecution, punishment and comprehensive reparation to guarantee the right of women and girls to a life free from violence and stereotyped patterns of behaviour in accordance with due diligence and other international human rights obligations.

    “We, however, still have a lot to do on creating awareness and a huge responsibility lies on the media to spread the awareness and report accurately the crime of femicide taking into cognisance the red flags and domestic violence cases that are attempted femicide cases.

    “To prevent, we need to call it femicide. We need women to be aware of what constitute the crime of femicide. We need male allies to speak up and mentor young boys/men against toxic masculinity that parrots misogynistic practices as the norm.

    “Because our society operates a patriarchal system, harmful practices against women and girls are often regarded as the norm. A lot of the cases we recorded last year were as a result of misogyny: One discriminatory practice against women or the other; women who dared to be different, who refused to cook a particular type of food; who refused sex; who were believed to be cheating despite being unfounded, who were for some reason labelled as witches and women who dared to say no to proposal by men as well as women who were perceived to be sexually liberated due to their occupation as sex workers and were hated because of this by men who patronised them or due to some form of superiority over the female gender.

    “We need to stand up together to combat the crime of femicide, it needs to be declared as state of emergency and addressed effectively and immediately. We believe that the 17 cases we have already in January 2024 alone is a failure of the government in protecting women and girls.

    “We are leveraging tech (data activism, app development etc.), research and awareness creation as well as advocacy for legislation to combat femicide on our part,” she added.

    Keshinro believes that the solution to curbing femicide lies in the creation of awareness about its existence.

    “Identification of factors that can lead to gender-based violence, violence against women and girls and the worst form, femicide should be prioritised involving all stakeholders- the press, security agencies, families, community and religious leaders, judiciary, policy makers and the general citizenry,” he stated.

    The Executive Director of Fame Foundation, Aderonke Atoyebi, at a press briefing in Abuja, described femicide as a pandemic and called for a state of emergency to tackle the menace. She also emphasised the need to end victim blaming.

    Atoyebi also advocated the strengthening of existing laws that address SGBV, adding that their enforcements must be ensured.

    “Perpetrators of femicide must face swift and adequate punishment to deter future crimes. It is critical to break the silence surrounding femicide. Public education programmes that dismantle harmful gender stereotypes and promote gender equality can help reduce this culture of violence. “Engaging men and boys in conversations about gender equality and non-violence is important in changing the harmful gender norms that perpetuate femicide.

    “We urge the government, civil society organisations, parents, religious bodies, traditional and community leaders, and all citizens of Nigeria to unite in the fight against femicide. Silence is not an option while women and girls are brutally murdered-just like that.

    “We call on the government to strengthen laws addressing femicide and ensure they are properly enforced…” she said.

    The rising tide of femicide in Nigeria is a national crisis that calls for immediate action from all sectors of society. Without decisive reforms and widespread cultural shifts, the lives of countless women and girls will remain in peril.

    Footnote: This special report was commissioned by The Nation Journalism Foundation.

  • Beneficial Ownership Register: A game-changer in anti-graft war

    Beneficial Ownership Register: A game-changer in anti-graft war

    Nigeria’s Open Central Register of Beneficial Ownership, launched to combat corruption and illicit financial flows, took centre stage recently at a workshop in Lagos. This initiative, aimed at uncovering hidden company ownership, is pivotal in fostering transparency and accountability. The workshop brought together key stakeholders to explore the crucial role of the register in combating corruption, advancing good governance and addressing financial opacity. EMMANUEL CHIDI-MAHA reports

    The global fight against corruption, illicit financial flows and corporate malpractice has found a crucial ally in Nigeria’s recently launched Open Central Register of Beneficial Ownership. This initiative marks a pivotal step toward greater transparency and accountability in the country’s governance system, seeking to uncover and expose the hidden ownership of companies and assets – a move that could reshape the way Nigeria combats corruption and enhances good governance, providing a window into the opaque corridors of corporate power.

    On February 26, a two-day sensitisation and capacity-building event was held in Ikeja, Lagos, organised by the Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), with the support of Oxfam, and in collaboration with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). This workshop, aimed at raising awareness and equipping stakeholders with the tools to engage with the newly established Beneficial Ownership Register, brought together civil society organizations, anti-corruption agencies, and media practitioners from across the country. The event, which ran through to February 27, featured key figures in the anti-corruption and transparency advocacy landscape, including Mallam Auwal Ibrahim Musa (Rafsanjani), the Executive Director of CISLAC, and Alhaji Hussaini Ishaq Magaji (SAN), the Registrar-General of the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). Both leaders, along with other prominent discussants, underscored the critical role this register will play in curbing the country’s entrenched culture of financial opacity.

    In his opening remarks, Rafsanjani highlighted the deeply entrenched nature of corruption in Nigeria, which often thrives in the absence of transparency. He noted that while the civil society has long been at the forefront of advocating for transparency, the power to enforce these reforms lies with the government and its agencies. He further expressed his concern over the absence of key anti-corruption agencies at the event on the first day, questioning the commitment of these bodies to the ongoing fight against corruption. Rafsanjani echoed the words of former President Muhammadu Buhari, who had once stated, “Kill corruption before it kills Nigeria.” Yet, he pointed out, the reluctance of Nigeria’s foremost anti-corruption agencies to attend the event sent a troubling message about the level of seriousness with which these institutions are engaging in the battle.

    He urged the media to expose individuals who exploit government influence and powerful figures to perpetuate corruption in Nigeria. According to him, these individuals are the primary forces undermining the country’s national values, peace, unity, and development—hindrances that prevent Nigeria from realising its full potential as Africa’s so-called giant. “We know these people. If the government is serious about fighting corruption, they can deal with them. For instance, in the whole world, there nowhere something is called oil theft, it is only in Nigeria that is known and talked about. We have been asking,” he said.

    He lamented that despite the heavy taxation burden Nigerians endure, many still struggle to access a decent quality of life. However, he cautioned that the “Japa syndrome” — the desire to flee abroad in search of better opportunities — should not be the answer. “If the citizens of those countries don’t step up during times of trial to fix their own nations, they will no longer be the ‘greener pasture’ destinations people are running to,” he remarked. He urged Nigerians not to lose hope, encouraging them with the sentiment: “We will fix it one day.”

    Rafsanjani also expressed gratitude for the cooperation and partnerships that contributed to the successful planning and implementation of the “Sensitization and Capacity Building on Nigeria’s Beneficial Ownership Register” workshop. He acknowledged the valuable contributions of Oxfam and the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), thanking them for their representation and commitment to promoting corporate transparency and accountability in Nigeria.

    Providing insight into the significance of the workshop, Rafsanjani said, “Today, we gather at a critical juncture in Nigeria’s fight against corruption, illicit financial flows (IFFs), tax evasion, and money laundering. Since the launch of Nigeria’s Open Central Register of Beneficial Ownership — also known as the Persons with Significant Control (PSC) Register — on May 25, 2023, our country has demonstrated global leadership in financial transparency. This milestone aligns with Nigeria’s commitment made during the Anti-Corruption Summit in London (2016) and places us at the forefront of corporate accountability efforts in Africa.”

    He went on to explain that the PSC Register is more than just a database, emphasizing that it is a powerful tool for reform. “By mandating the public disclosure of individuals with significant control over companies and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs), it dismantles layers of secrecy that have enabled illicit financial flows and corporate malpractice,” he said. “More importantly, Nigeria is the first African country to adopt the Beneficial Ownership Data Standard (BODS), ensuring that our data is structured, globally interoperable, and useful for enforcement agencies, regulatory bodies and civil society organisations.”

    The CISLAC boss outlined the objectives of the engagement with a focus on three key areas. First, he emphasized the importance of sensitising key stakeholders, including regulators, business membership organisations (BMOs), civil society organisations (CSOs), and the media. It is vital that these groups fully understand the existence, purpose, and functionalities of the PSC Register. He then addressed the need to build capacity, equipping participants with the skills necessary to access, interpret, and utilise the PSC Register effectively in their respective fields. Finally, Rafsanjani stressed the significance of fostering collaboration, particularly by strengthening inter-agency partnerships. This collaboration is essential in combating illicit financial flows, tax evasion, and money laundering while ensuring the sustainability of transparency initiatives.

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    Rafsanjani further explained that the expected impact of the engagement would be transformative. The event is expected to strengthen multi-sector partnerships among regulators, civil society, and media organisations. This collaboration will be critical in tracking, detecting, and prosecuting financial crimes. Additionally, he emphasized that the workshop would enhance investigative capacity, allowing stakeholders to effectively use the PSC Register to identify and mitigate corruption risks. In terms of long-term results, the workshop would also improve compliance and enforcement mechanisms, ensuring that companies adhere to disclosure requirements and reinforcing accountability within the corporate sector.

    He underscored the critical role of beneficial ownership transparency in governance, noting that corporate secrecy has long acted as a breeding ground for corruption, money laundering, and illicit financial flows—issues that drain national resources meant for key sectors such as healthcare, education, infrastructure, and economic development. Rafsanjani pointed out that Nigeria loses billions of dollars annually due to illicit financial flows, with shell companies and anonymous corporate ownership structures acting as key enablers of fraud and capital flight.

    In his keynote address, the Registrar-General of the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), Hussaini Ishaq Magaji (SAN), represented by Muhammed Abdullahi, an Assistant Director at the Commission, highlighted the collaboration between the CAC and CISLAC in the successful organization of the workshop. He began by saying, “As we convene here in Lagos, we are united by a shared commitment to advancing transparency, accountability, and good governance in Nigeria, particularly through the effective implementation of the Beneficial Ownership Register.”

    Magaji emphasised the significance of the launch of Nigeria’s Beneficial Ownership Register in 2023, describing it as a pivotal moment in the nation’s battle against corruption and illicit financial flows. He pointed out that the register, which publicly discloses the true owners of companies and limited liability partnerships (LLPs), is an essential tool for fostering transparency and integrity within the country’s business environment. Elaborating on the importance of Beneficial Ownership Transparency, Magaji identified several key reasons why it is crucial for Nigeria’s governance and business practices. He underscored that it helps combat corruption by revealing the individuals behind corporate structures, which often serve as vehicles for money laundering and other illicit activities. He also highlighted how the register enhances accountability, enabling citizens, civil society organizations, and the media to hold both businesses and public officials accountable. Furthermore, he noted that promoting transparency in ownership contributes to fair business practices, creating a more competitive and equitable market environment.

    Magaji stressed that the success of the Beneficial Ownership Register depends on the active participation and collaboration of various stakeholders. He outlined the pivotal roles played by government agencies and security bodies, which include regulatory institutions such as the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP), Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), as well as law enforcement agencies such as the Nigeria Police, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Department of State Security Service (DSS), and the Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit. Their collective involvement, according to Magaji, is essential in maintaining and enforcing the register to ensure its effectiveness in curbing corruption and illicit financial flows in Nigeria.

    Magaji also outlined the essential roles that different sectors must play to ensure the success of the Beneficial Ownership Register, stressing that compliance is not a one-sided responsibility. He explained that private sector companies must ensure they meet the requirements to disclose their beneficial owners, guaranteeing that their operations remain transparent and lawful. Civil society organizations, such as CISLAC, are also vital in this process, as they work to advocate for transparency, educate the public, and monitor compliance with beneficial ownership regulations. Additionally, Magaji highlighted the critical role of the media, which serves as a watchdog, investigating and reporting on beneficial ownership information to keep the public informed and expose any potential irregularities.

    While acknowledging the challenges posed by the implementation of the register, such as ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of data submission, Magaji also emphasized the significant opportunities it presents. He noted that the register strengthens governance by promoting transparency, which in turn reduces the risk of corruption. Furthermore, he pointed out that a transparent business environment is essential for attracting both domestic and international investors, which can help drive economic growth and development. Lastly, he argued that transparency in ownership fosters trust between businesses, government, and the public, contributing to a more inclusive and accountable society.

    Magaji then issued a call to action, urging stakeholders to take proactive steps in their respective roles to support the Beneficial Ownership Register. He encouraged government agencies to ensure rigorous enforcement and continuous improvement of the register. For the private sector, he called for a full commitment to compliance and transparency in disclosing beneficial ownership information. Civil society, he said, should continue to advocate, educate, and monitor to ensure the effectiveness of the register, while the media must remain vigilant in investigating and reporting on beneficial ownership data, keeping the public informed and engaged. In closing, Magaji called on all stakeholders to champion transparency, accountability, and good governance in their respective environments. He urged everyone to work together to make the Beneficial Ownership Register not just a tool for corporate accountability, but a cornerstone in the fight against corruption and a beacon of integrity in Nigeria.

  • IMC: Turning vision into action for a better tomorrow

    IMC: Turning vision into action for a better tomorrow

    The Island Muslim Community (IMC) is a pioneering group of distinguished Nigerian Muslims dedicated to addressing the unique needs of the Ummah. Focused on healthcare, social infrastructure, and community welfare, the IMC is set to launch transformative projects, including Shariah-compliant cemeteries, a hospital and an orphanage to meet the lasting needs of humanity. NTAK OTONGARAN reports

    In a world often consumed by the rush of personal ambition and fleeting success, there exists a rare breed of individuals whose lives are defined not by what they accumulate, but by what they give. The Island Muslim Community (IMC) is a powerful testament to this philosophy—an organisation built on the pillars of faith, compassion and collective action. In the heart of Lagos, a group of visionary Nigerians has come together with a singular mission: to bring real change to their community through healthcare, education, and support for the deceased.

    But for the IMC, simply dreaming about a better world is not enough. It is the deliberate and unwavering pursuit of action that sets them apart. With each project, every initiative and every community-driven effort, they are proving that transformation starts when people unite for a common good. The question they’ve asked themselves is simple yet profound: how do we take our shared vision and turn it into a legacy of tangible impact? The answer is clear. It’s by amplifying their efforts and consolidating their resources into projects that matter.

    And now, they’re set to take their humanitarian journey to new heights. On Tuesday, February 25, 2025, a remarkable announcement was made—one that marks a significant milestone for the IMC. At a press conference held at the heart of Lagos, Alhaji Rafiu Adisa Ebiti, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, revealed the launch of a N5 billion Social Infrastructure Fund. This fund, set to be officially launched on Saturday March 1 at the prestigious Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, aims to propel the community’s development projects across Lagos State. With this ambitious fund, IMC plans to accelerate a variety of social interventions that will touch the lives of countless people, from improving healthcare infrastructure to providing educational resources and ensuring proper care for the deceased. For the IMC, this initiative represents more than just a financial target—it is the realisation of their vision to make a lasting impact and solidify their place as leaders in social development.

    Founded a few years ago in response to the glaring lack of social amenities and infrastructure tailored to the needs of Muslims on the Island, IMC emerged as a collective force for change. Recognising that the facilities essential to the well-being and religious practices of Muslims were either insufficient or entirely absent, key Muslim communities on the Island united to form what is now known as IMC. Launched on August 22, 2022, IMC is a faith-based, non-profit, non-governmental organisation that serves as the umbrella body for Muslim individuals, communities, mosques and corporate entities across the Island. Its membership spans across the entire expanse of Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki, Chevron, Ajah, Ibeju-Lekki and beyond, bringing together a diverse yet unified network of Muslims committed to making a difference.

    From its inception, IMC’s vision and mission have been crystal clear: to foster unity among Island Muslims while actively working towards the development of social infrastructure that enhances the community’s welfare. With a resolute focus on cooperation and collaboration, IMC has positioned itself as a central hub for Muslim advancement on the Island. Guided by the motto, “IMC intervening for the Ummah’s good,” the community has taken on a multifaceted approach to its goals. These include promoting unity, supporting the welfare of members, and creating essential social projects and infrastructure that cater specifically to Muslim needs. Additionally, IMC has launched numerous socioeconomic and financial inclusion programs designed to uplift its members and empower future generations. Protecting Islamic values, empowering youth, fostering mobility and ensuring a strong media presence for national engagement are also key priorities. Through these focused initiatives, IMC continues to pave the way for the growth, prosperity, and cohesion of Muslims on the Island, while also setting a powerful example for other communities across the nation.

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    The IMC is guided by a distinguished leadership team, led by renowned accountant and businessman, Alhaji Rafiu Adisa Ebiti, who serves as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees. His leadership is supported by Vice-Chairman Alhaji Tijani Borodo, a respected lawyer and the President and Chairman of the Governing Council of the Institute of Directors Nigeria (IoD). Additionally, the Shurah Council, composed of leading Imams and Islamic scholars from various stakeholder communities, offers spiritual guidance and advisory support, fostering unity and cohesion within the organization. The dynamic team also includes key figures such as Alhaja Kudirat Moyosore-Brimah, the Coordinator of Finance and Administration; Alhaji Adeniyi Akinlusi, Chairman of the Executive Council; Alhaji Ariyo Olushekun, Chairman of the Mega Launch Committee; Dr. Ridwan Jamiu, Chief Imam of the Lekki Central Mosque; Alhaji Sherifat Abiola Andu, a member of the Board of Trustees; and Dr. Basheer Oshodi, a member of the Executive Council. Together, they form a robust and visionary team committed to the mission of the IMC.

    Under the leadership of these dedicated individuals, the IMC has set its sights on several ground-breaking projects designed to serve the needs of the Muslim community, both on the Island and beyond. Among the key initiatives are Shariah-compliant cemeteries, including a 10,000-square-meter cemetery land in Ikorodu, and additional cemeteries in Akodo and Ibeju-Lekki. These projects aim to ensure that Muslim burial practices are respected and upheld in accordance with Islamic law. Another significant project is the creation of a world-class hospital for women and children, designed to prioritise gender-sensitive healthcare while ensuring that the dignity of Muslim women is respected in service delivery. The hospital will provide a safe environment where men will be attended to by male doctors, preserving the cultural and religious values of the community.

    The IMC has also completed the construction of a Muslim-oriented orphanage in Surulere, Lagos, focused on providing a safe haven for orphaned Muslim children while protecting their faith and well-being. Looking ahead, the IMC plans to establish the Island Muslim Community Centre, a revenue-generating facility that will house event halls, office spaces for rent, commercial activities, and a digital communications hub, including a radio station and studio. At a press conference held on February 25, 2025, at the Rear Admiral Jubril Ayinla Hall of the Lekki Central Mosque, Chairman Alhaji Rafiu Adisa Ebiti revealed that the IMC would be launching a N5billion social infrastructure fund at the Oriental Hotel in Victoria Island on March 1, 2025. Ebiti emphasised the urgency of addressing social interventions, particularly in ensuring the timely burial of deceased Muslims, in line with Islamic traditions. He noted that it was essential for the community to act swiftly and compassionately to meet the pressing needs of its members, as death should never delay the burial of a Muslim.

    “It is rather pathetic to note that such essential facilities as cemeteries, orphanages, women and children hospital, Halal recreation centres, etc., are either totally non-existent or inadequate in our local jurisdiction. This explains why we are embarking on an arduous task of raising N5 billion for the provision of such essential Islamic social infrastructure for the teeming Muslim population in the aforementioned axis.

    “It’s an open secret that the ancient cemeteries on the island, such as Oke-Sunnah, Abari, and Ikoyi are already bursting at the seams. Unfortunately too, the few highbrow cemeteries available hardly meet Islamic standards, quite apart from the fact that their charges are relatively exorbitant. In view of this ugly situation, we have made cemeteries our flagship project,” said Alhaji Ebiti.

    Corroborating the vision of the Island Muslim Community (IMC), the Vice-Chairman of the association, Alhaji Tijani Borodo, further elaborated on the organization’s core objectives. He explained, “The Island Muslim Community is an umbrella body for all Muslim organizations, encompassing the Muslim Ummah across the Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki, and Ibeju-Lekki axis. Our goal is to provide a conducive environment for living, business, and all activities that comply with the tenets of Sharia.”

    Borodo emphasized that the IMC’s approach is built around three flagship projects: the Shariah-compliant cemeteries, a world-class hospital for Muslims, and a well-established orphanage. He added, “As the Chairman mentioned, the cemetery is one of our top priorities. The second is the hospital, where people will have access to quality treatment in a setting that respects Islamic values.” Alhaja Sherifat Abiola-Andu, a member of the Board of Trustees, also weighed in on the significance of the IMC’s initiatives. She stated, “This is a major undertaking. Our key projects include a cemetery, an orphanage, and a hospital specifically designed for Muslims. Death is inevitable, yet we often find ourselves uncertain about where we will be buried. Right now, there is a shortage of cemeteries for Muslims, and that is why we are so committed to creating a proper resting place for our community. This is the driving force behind our mega launch, and we need substantial resources to ensure we can make these vital projects a reality.” The urgency expressed by Alhaja Abiola-Andu highlights the community’s determination to meet the pressing needs of its members, ensuring that vital services are provided in alignment with Islamic principles.

    Alhaji Ariyo Olushekun shared his thoughts on the critical projects that the Island Muslim Community (IMC) is undertaking, stating, “We’ve identified some vital projects that are essential for the well-being of our community. These include the establishment of cemeteries, an orphanage, and a hospital. Currently, we are working on three cemeteries—one in Ikorodu, another in Ibeju-Lekki, and a third in Akodo.” Olushekun also highlighted the progress of the orphanage, saying, “The orphanage is nearly ready to commence. We have everything in place, and we are only awaiting the final inspection by the government authorities before it kicks off.”

    In his remarks, Dr. Bashir Oshodi addressed the importance of healthcare intervention within the IMC’s mega project. He explained the dire need for a Muslim hospital, noting, “Twenty-seven percent of Nigerian children suffer from stunted growth due to inadequate nutrition. Additionally, 15 to 20 million children are out of school, the highest number in the world. The healthcare situation is equally alarming. Globally, there is one doctor for every 600 people, but in Nigeria, it’s one doctor for 5,000 people. With such an imbalance, how can we expect to meet the healthcare needs of our population?”

    Dr. Oshodi pointed out that, despite raising substantial amounts of money—be it N5 billion, N10 billion, or even N100 billion—this would not be enough to resolve the deeper issues plaguing Nigeria’s healthcare system. When discussing the sustainability of the IMC and its ability to execute these important projects, Alhaji Borodo stressed that integrity plays a key role in ensuring the longevity and success of the organization. “Integrity is the foundation of sustaining both present and future projects,” Borodo explained. “Proper accountability will always inspire confidence in our donors. It’s also about bringing together highly professional Muslims who are committed to making a meaningful impact for the betterment of humanity.”

  • Enhancing Niger’s rural farmers’ fortunes

    Enhancing Niger’s rural farmers’ fortunes

    Digital infrastructure serves as a strong foundation upon which economies thrive and makes inclusive societies possible. From powering e-governance systems to enabling digital commerce, connectivity has become a basic necessity. In Niger State, fibre optic projects spanning from 2009 to 2024, offer a lens into the evolution of its digital public infrastructure (DPI). In this report, JUSTINA ASISHANA examines the development, geographical spread and socioeconomic impact of these projects while identifying challenges and recommending strategies for the future.

    Abdullahi Musa, a farmer in Mariga Local Government Area of Niger State has been trying to get buyers for his maize, sorghum and yam which he had harvested through the internet as directed by some of his counterparts in Suleja.

    However, each time he tries to join the various groups he had been directed to, his mobile screen keeps indicating “No Network.” He has also tried to check for the latest market prices for his yams, but he experiences the same network challenge.

    This is the challenge that Abdullahi and other farmers in some rural areas in Niger State face. Their incomes and ability to maximise the benefits of modern farming practices in an increasingly digital world are impacted negatively.

    From 2009 to 2024, 21 applications for fibre optic laying were approved by the Niger State Urban Development Board; a reason that made fibre optic cables crisscross the urban areas, bringing with them opportunities for growth and innovation.

    However, as urban centres such as Minna and Suleja flourish, rural areas such as Mariga, Mokwa, Munya and Katcha remain cut off and unable to reap the benefits of digital connectivity. Many rural areas are underserved or entirely disconnected, limiting access to DPI in these regions.

    This rising digital divide limits agricultural productivity and market access, leaving farmers such as Abdullahi at a disadvantage.

    Without connectivity, he misses out on opportunities to access real-time market prices, which gives rise to the reliance on intermediaries who come to buy his farm produce at lower prices, cutting him and others off from the opportunity to make maximum profit on their produce.

    The ability to create digital platforms using Internet connectivity and different platforms or apps can help farmers connect directly with their buyers to send the produce, monitor it and get paid.

    “Sometimes, I sell my yams at whatever price the traders offer because I don’t know the actual market price,” Abdullahi explained.

    “If I had a better Internet, I would negotiate better. Sometimes when I meet my friends in the city and we compare the prices at which I sold my produce and how much they sold theirs, I realise that I have been shortchanged,” she further said.

    Rukayyat Umar, another farmer in Wushishi, goes to the Beji Market every market day. She said that most often, some of the buyers who come from outside the state ask her why she doesn’t sell her produce online, and she always cites low internet connection as part of the reasons.

    “There was a time I engaged in that. I tried sending pictures of what the face of the millet and rice looks like, but it took time. I had to leave my house and walk down to one part of the street before the picture could go through WhatsApp. When it was time to receive the payment, I did not get the alert, and my bank mobile app was not working because there was no network. I had to go to the bank to confirm the payment,” she lamented.

    Fibre optics and Right of Way in Niger State

    Providing reliable internet service to communities depends heavily on investing in infrastructures such as fibre optics. It is a way of sending information through a transparent optical fibre in the form of a pulsed beam of light.

    The light travels through the core of the fibre, the inner transmitting cylinder, surrounded by a reflective cladding to prevent any light from escaping. These optical fibres can be manufactured from plastic but, more often than not, are made from silica glass, with each less than a 10th of the thickness of a human hair. Fiber optics is used for Internet, cable television and telephony.

    For fibre optic cables to be laid in any state, the organisation would need to apply for the Optic Fiber Right of Way (RoW) permit which is a necessity under the Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning law. In Niger State, the organisations can apply online or manually.

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    Until September 2 last year, the fee paid for Right of Way in Niger State was N145 per linear meter.

    While approving the zero-fee Right of Way, the Niger State Governor, Umaru Mohammed Bago said telecommunications infrastructure is critical for the socio-economic development, even as he said that it would enhance the implementation of e-governance initiatives; making public services more accessible and efficient and promoting social equity by ensuring that all regions of the state benefit from reliable connectivity.

    The governor also noted that eliminating the right-of-way fee will accelerate digital inclusion and lead to expanded network coverage, especially in rural and underserved areas, pointing out that it would give more room for a more favourable business environment that supports economic growth.

    The Head of Digital Skills and Services of the Nigeria Communications Commission, (NCC), Hauwa Wakili who spoke to Fellows of the Media Foundation for West Africa Digital Public Infrastructure said that broadband penetration is still at 42 per cent as of October 2024; saying that the government is working towards achieving 70 per cent target broadband penetration under the national broadband plan by this year.

    She pointed out that digital identification systems, payment systems and seamless data exchanges are based on the availability of extensive network infrastructure which is achieved by the presence of fibre optics while the non-presence of fibre optics cable can cause delays in deploying necessary network coverage, speed and efficiency of identity verification processes, slow down the adoption of cashless payment systems in underserved areas, slow data transfer rates and reduced accessibility to digital services.

    Apart from the high RoW fees, Wakili also noted that the vandalism of critical telecommunications infrastructure has been a significant menace to the telecommunications and information infrastructure in Nigeria over the years.

    “In 2023 alone, NCC-sourced data revealed that the country recorded over 24,000 incidents of fibre cuts, vandalism and theft which led to losses exceeding N14 billion in revenue and N15.4 billion in repair costs. These and other security challenges have impacted broadband penetration and service quality,” she said.

    The way forward: A call for inclusion

    The disparity in digital infrastructure is not an unsolvable problem. Several strategies could bridge the gap between urban centres and rural agricultural hubs.

    According to an agro scientist, Alhassan Mohammed, future fibre optic projects would need to target key farming areas such as Wushishi, Mokwa, Bida, and Kontagora to enable farmers to access the tools and resources they need to thrive by connecting these regions.

    “There is also the need to provide digital literacy programmes for farmers so that they can be literate enough to utilise digital tools to improve productivity and market access,” Mohammed said.

    For Abdullahi, the dream is simple: to farm smarter, sell better and secure a brighter future for his family. With the right investments in internet access, this dream can become a reality—not just for him, but for every farmer in Niger State.

  • CBN’s orthodox approach to inflation, FX stability boosts foreign capital inflows

    CBN’s orthodox approach to inflation, FX stability boosts foreign capital inflows

    Nigeria’s economic landscape is experiencing a shift as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) embraces orthodox monetary policies under Governor Olayemi Cardoso’s leadership. This strategic shift has sparked growing investor confidence, boosting foreign interest in Nigerian bonds and securities. With ambitious targets of single-digit inflation and a unified foreign exchange market, these policy measures are setting the stage for Nigeria’s economic resilience and attracting both local and international investments. Assistant Editor Nduka Chiejina reports

    Following the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) commitment to orthodox monetary policy, as articulated by Governor Olayemi Cardoso after the recent Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, investor confidence has surged. This has led to a notable increase in foreign investor interest in Nigerian government bonds and other securities.

    The Director General of the National Pension Commission (PenCom),  corroborated this trend, expressing strong confidence in the successful subscription of the Commission’s upcoming N758 billion bond issuance. Ms. Oloworaran dismissed concerns of undersubscription, citing prevailing favourable interest rates and the CBN’s stable monetary policy. “This is the best time for people to invest,” she asserted, “and I have no doubt that this bond will be fully subscribed, and even oversubscribed.”

    Director General of the National Pension Commission (PenCom), Ms. Oloworaran

    At the heart of Cardoso’s vision lies two ambitious targets: achieving single-digit inflation by the end of 2025 and fostering a unified, stable foreign exchange (FX) market. These goals, while seemingly straightforward, represent a monumental undertaking, a high-stakes gamble on the nation’s economic trajectory. Cardoso’s pronouncements were a strategic roadmap, a declaration of a paradigm shift in the CBN’s approach to economic management. For a nation grappling with persistent inflationary pressures, eroding purchasing power, and a volatile currency, these targets offer a glimmer of hope, a potential pathway to stability and growth. But can these targets be achieved? What are the underlying strategies, the potential pitfalls, and the broader implications for the Nigerian people?

    The backdrop to Cardoso’s vision is a landscape marked by economic turbulence. For years, Nigeria has wrestled with the twin demons of high inflation and exchange rate volatility. Inflation, a silent thief, has steadily eroded the value of earnings, pushing millions into poverty. The fluctuating exchange rates, meanwhile, have created uncertainty for businesses, stifled investment, and fuelled speculation. These challenges have been exacerbated by a confluence of factors, including global economic shocks, domestic policy missteps and structural weaknesses within the Nigerian economy.

    The CBN’s new approach, as articulated by Cardoso, signals a departure from past strategies. It suggests a move towards a more orthodox monetary policy, one that prioritises price stability and a market-driven exchange rate. This shift, while potentially painful in the short term, is intended to lay the foundation for long-term economic resilience. The success of this strategy, however, hinges on a delicate balancing act, requiring the CBN to navigate a complex web of economic and political pressures.

    The quest for single-digit inflation

    The Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) bold declaration of aiming for single-digit inflation marks a crucial turn in the nation’s economic narrative, a target that transcends mere numbers and shows a fundamental shift in the CBN’s policy stance, a commitment to restoring price stability.  The backdrop to Governor Cardoso’s pronouncements is the recent rebasing of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the subsequent adjustment of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) conducted this exercise, resulting in a revised inflation figure of 24.48 percent, significantly lower than previously declared 34.80 percent for December 2024. This rebasing is critical for ensuring accuracy and relevance in economic indicators, reflecting the current structure of the economy, and allowing for more precise analysis and policy formulation.

    While the revised inflation figure offers a more accurate picture, Cardoso rightly cautioned against misinterpreting it as a sign of immediate victory, emphasising that the rebasing exercise changes the benchmark, not the underlying inflationary pressures. As he stated, “With respect to the rebate CPI number, just for clarity, nobody should be afraid that inflation has fallen to that level. No, because you are really comparing apples and oranges. So, I think that should be very clear that this is still there still needs to get other figures going forward to be able to make the comparisons that you may be referring to.” The CBN’s emphasis on analysing more data before drawing comparisons points to the complexity of interpreting the rebased figures, thus showing the need for a finer understanding of the evolving economic landscape.

    Mr. Cardoso’s strategic approach centres on maintaining “orthodox monetary policies,” a term that signals a commitment to traditional central banking principles. This involves maintaining policy rates, as evidenced by the decision to hold the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) at 27.50 per cent, along with other key parameters like the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Liquidity Ratio, demonstrating a commitment to tightening monetary policy to curb inflation. Cardoso’s emphasis on vigilance and staying the course underscores the CBN’s recognition of the persistent nature of inflationary pressures, with a commitment to consistent policy implementation crucial for building credibility and anchoring inflation expectations.

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    As Cardoso noted, “We will continue with the orthodox monetary policies that we have embarked upon. We have seen the outcome, and it’s in a positive direction. And we will stay that course. We will certainly stay that course. We will be vigilant. We will not take anything for granted. We believe that inflation has been too high for too long. It has been too high for too long. So our objectives in the medium to long term is to ensure that we’re able to bring this down from the double digit to the single digit.” The target of single-digit inflation is framed as a medium-to-long-term objective, acknowledging that achieving price stability is a gradual process requiring sustained effort.

    However, Nigeria’s inflation is driven by a complex interplay of factors, including supply-side constraints, infrastructure deficits, and fiscal pressures, demanding a coordinated approach involving both monetary and fiscal policies. The Nigerian economy is vulnerable to external shocks, such as fluctuations in global commodity prices and changes in international financial conditions, which can disrupt the CBN’s efforts to control inflation. The success of the CBN’s monetary policy hinges on effective coordination with fiscal policy, as fiscal discipline and prudent government spending are essential for reducing inflationary pressures. While Cardoso highlights the recent stability and appreciation of the foreign exchange rate as a positive factor in controlling inflation, maintaining exchange rate stability requires addressing the underlying imbalances in the FX market. Managing public expectations and building confidence in the CBN’s policies are crucial for anchoring inflation expectations, requiring clear communication and transparency to foster public trust. Furthermore, the lingering effects of past policies, particularly the substantial ways and means financing utilised by the government, will continue to exert influence on inflation.

    The decision to maintain key monetary policy parameters after the first MPC meeting of 2025 sends a clear signal of the CBN’s commitment to its inflation targets, reflecting the MPC’s assessment of current economic conditions and its determination to prioritize price stability. Achieving single-digit inflation by the end of 2025 is an ambitious but achievable goal. The CBN’s commitment to orthodox monetary policies, coupled with a focus on addressing structural issues and maintaining fiscal discipline, provides a solid foundation.

    However, the path ahead will be fraught with challenges, and the CBN will need to remain vigilant and adaptable to navigate the evolving economic landscape. The rebasing of the CPI provides a more accurate picture of Nigeria’s inflation, but it does not diminish the need for sustained efforts to control price pressures. Cardoso’s commitment to orthodox monetary policies signals a shift towards a more traditional approach to central banking. Achieving single-digit inflation requires addressing structural issues, coordinating fiscal and monetary policies, and managing public expectations. The MPC decision to hold rates shows the CBN’s resolve to do so.

    Fiscal levers and the fight against inflation

    To further understand the efforts that will go into achieving a single digit inflation by year’s end, we have to shift our focus from the CBN’s monetary policy to the fiscal strategies embedded within the Federal Government 2025 budget. According to a source at the Budget Office, four key measures are designed to complement the CBN’s efforts and drive inflation down to initially 15 per cent as predicted by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and now to less than 10 percent as projected by the CBN. These measures highlight the crucial role of fiscal policy in supporting monetary stability and underscore the necessity of a coordinated approach to tackling Nigeria’s inflationary challenges.

    The cornerstone of the FGN’s strategy is the prioritisation of enhanced security measures across the country. The rationale behind this is clear: improved security is expected to facilitate a “bumper harvest” by enabling farmers to safely cultivate and transport their produce. This is a critical step in addressing the supply-side constraints that have long plagued Nigeria’s agricultural sector. As the source rightly pointed out, “the food segment has a significant influence on the overall inflation rate.” By increasing domestic agricultural output, the government aims to reduce the nation’s reliance on costly food imports, thereby driving down food prices. The fact that the CBN has “long advocated for this approach” highlights the alignment between monetary and fiscal authorities on the importance of agricultural security. This suggests a recognition that tackling inflation requires addressing structural issues beyond monetary policy adjustments. It is important to consider that security is only one part of the equation. Infrastructure improvements that allow for the easy transportation of goods will also be needed.

    The second key measure involves leveraging increased local refining capacity to tackle inflation. The anticipated commencement of domestic production of refined petroleum products is expected to have a dual impact. By reducing the need to import refined petroleum products, the government aims to alleviate pressure on the foreign exchange (forex) market. This is crucial for stabilising the naira, which has been a major driver of inflation. The source further noted that “beyond saving forex, the export of surplus refined products will boost foreign exchange earnings, further stabilising the naira.” This points to the potential for the petroleum sector to contribute to forex stability, which is essential for controlling inflation. Domestic refining also has the potential to reduce transportation costs, which are a significant component of the overall price of goods and services.

    The success of these fiscal measures hinges on effective coordination and implementation. The government must ensure that security measures are effectively deployed, and that the necessary infrastructure is in place to support agricultural productivity and domestic refining. The target of reducing inflation to less than 10 percent by 2025 is ambitious. Achieving this target will require sustained effort and a proactive approach to addressing potential challenges.

    While these measures are promising, it is important to emphasise the need for broader economic diversification. Relying solely on agriculture and petroleum may leave the economy vulnerable to external shocks. Alongside these measures, maintaining fiscal discipline is crucial. Prudent government spending and revenue generation are essential for supporting the CBN’s monetary policy efforts. If global oil prices increase, this will have an inflationary effect on the economy, even if more oil is refined locally. Security issues are ongoing and complex. There is no guarantee that they will be solved by 2025.

    FX maze: Convergence, stability and the quest for investor confidence

    The CBN’s approach to managing the foreign exchange (FX) market, focusing on the critical goals of achieving convergence between exchange rates and stabilising the naira reflects Cardoso’s responses and the MPC’s observations both which reveal a strategy that prioritises stability as a foundation for attracting investment and fostering economic growth. Foreign exchange (FX) convergence and the stability of the naira are key parts of the CBN’s plan to control inflation while supporting economic growth. When asked how the FX market intends to balance these goals, especially with high borrowing costs and limited access to credit, Governor Cardoso explained that the CBN’s current approach is starting to show positive results.

    Cardoso declared that the “measures we have taken so far in terms of orthodox monetary policies…have begun to yield fruit.” This reinforces the CBN’s commitment to traditional central banking principles as a means of restoring confidence and stability. He pointed out that Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves have been growing steadily, reaching their highest level in three years at one point. “We can see that accretion to reserves has been consistent, and at one point in time, may I remind everybody, that we achieved the highest level of reserves in the past three years,” Cardoso noted.

    This increase in reserves is crucial because it strengthens the CBN’s ability to support the naira and maintain stability in the foreign exchange market. At the same time, inflation is beginning to slow down, and investor confidence, which had declined in recent years, is gradually returning. Cardoso stressed that stability is essential because “if investors do not see stability, they do not come to those markets.” As stability improves, the CBN will be able to adjust interest rates to encourage more economic activity.

    Cardoso also stated that the naira has become more competitive in the international market, making Nigeria more attractive to foreign investors. “As of now, our currency is a lot more competitive, and with that competitiveness, we’ve seen increasing interest from international investors who want to come and invest in the country’s future,” he explained. This renewed interest from international investors is expected to boost the economy and create more growth opportunities.

    The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) stressed the benefits of recent improvements in Nigeria’s external sector, particularly the narrowing gap between the official exchange rate in the Nigeria Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) and rates in the Bureau de Change (BDC) market. This convergence of rates is a sign that the market is becoming more stable and predictable. The Committee urged the CBN to continue increasing liquidity in the FX market to support this trend. To enhance transparency and credibility in the foreign exchange market, the CBN has introduced measures such as the Electronic Foreign Exchange Matching System (B-Match) and the Nigeria Foreign Exchange Code. These tools are designed to improve the efficiency and fairness of foreign exchange transactions, which in turn boosts investor confidence. The MPC expects that as a result of these policy measures, Nigeria will see an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio investments and remittances from Nigerians living abroad. This influx of foreign currency will further strengthen the naira and support long-term economic growth.

    External reserves and balance of payments as shields

    The robust state of Nigeria’s external reserves and the favourable balance of payments position provide a crucial perspective on the nation’s economic resilience. These indicators are vital for assessing the country’s ability to withstand external shocks, manage its exchange rate, and maintain investor confidence. The external reserves, standing at US$39.4 billion as of February 14, 2025, represent a significant buffer against potential economic vulnerabilities. The key takeaway from this figure is its translation into an “import cover of 9.6 months for goods and services.” Import cover is a critical metric that indicates the number of months a country can finance its imports using its existing reserves. A 9.6-month cover is considered robust and signifies a strong capacity to meet import obligations. This level of reserves provides a cushion against fluctuations in global trade and potential disruptions in foreign exchange inflows. A high import cover also lends credibility to the nation’s currency. If a nation has a great deal of reserves, it can use those reserves to defend the currency.

    Adequate reserves are essential for maintaining exchange rate stability. They provide the CBN with the firepower to intervene in the foreign exchange market, manage volatility, and defend the naira against speculative attacks. A large amount of external reserves can help the CBN to control inflation, by allowing for the importation of goods, if there are supply shortages within the country and strong reserves enhance investor confidence by demonstrating the country’s ability to meet its external obligations. This is particularly important for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investments. The accumulation of reserves is closely linked to the CBN’s orthodox monetary policies, which have helped attract foreign investors and boost foreign exchange inflows. Governor Cardoso had earlier noted that accretion to reserves has been consistent, signaling that Nigeria is on the right path.

    The positive current account balance of US$6.06 billion as of the end of the third quarter of 2024 is another positive indicator of Nigeria’s external economic health. The current account balance reflects the net flow of goods, services, income and current transfers between a country and the rest of the world. A positive balance indicates that Nigeria is earning more foreign exchange than it is spending on these transactions.

    This positive balance could be attributed to several factors, including increased exports, particularly in the oil sector, as well as improvements in non-oil exports. It could also reflect a reduction in imports due to domestic production increases or import substitution policies. A positive current account balance strengthens the country’s external financial position, reduces its reliance on foreign borrowing, and supports exchange rate stability. A positive current account balance is a sign of a healthy economy, and it allows the government to invest in infrastructure and other projects.

    While the level of reserves is robust, it is essential to consider the composition of those reserves. Diversifying the currency composition of reserves can mitigate risks associated with fluctuations in individual currencies. The sustainability of the positive current account balance depends on the long-term trends in exports and imports. Efforts to diversify the export base and promote non-oil exports are crucial for maintaining a healthy current account. Nigeria’s external reserves and balance of payments are influenced by global economic conditions, including fluctuations in commodity prices, particularly oil prices. Monitoring these conditions and adapting policies accordingly is essential. While the current numbers are very good, the government must continue to work toward long term growth, and not rely solely on current numbers.

    The improvement in Nigeria’s balance of payments reflects the combined impact of monetary and fiscal policies aimed at achieving macroeconomic stability. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has highlighted the importance of sustaining these gains by continuing to implement measures that promote exchange rate stability, reduce inflation, and attract foreign investment. As foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investments increase, they contribute additional foreign exchange inflows, further strengthening the external reserves.

    Overall, the robust external reserves and positive current account balance are clear indicators that Nigeria’s economy is on a path toward greater stability and resilience. These achievements, supported by the CBN’s monetary policies and the government’s economic reforms, are expected to create a more favourable environment for businesses, attract more foreign investment, and drive sustainable growth in the years ahead.