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Category: Special Report

  • Our plan to curb inflation, restore economic stability, by CBN

    Our plan to curb inflation, restore economic stability, by CBN

    As 2025 begins, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is gearing up to launch a robust strategy aimed at tackling inflation and restoring economic stability. This report delves into the inflation trends of 2024, exploring the key factors driving the rise in prices, and highlights the monetary and fiscal measures the CBN is implementing in 2025 to reverse the upward trend. Assistant Editor Nduka Chiejina provides an in-depth analysis

    Inflation has continued to be one of Nigeria’s most pressing economic challenges, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) experiencing a significant rise throughout 2024. The index surged from 29.90 per cent in January to 34.80 per cent in December, driven by a range of factors such as soaring food prices, foreign exchange volatility, and ongoing supply chain disruptions. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), under the leadership of Governor Olayemi Cardoso, has faced considerable pressure to stabilise prices while simultaneously fostering sustainable economic growth.

    The inflation figures for 2024 reflect a persistent upward trend, with inflation peaking at 34.80 percent in December. The year began with an inflation rate of 29.90 per cent in January, rising steadily to 31.70 percent in February and 33.20 percent in March. By April, inflation had reached 33.69 per cent and remained above 33 per cent throughout the following months, peaking at 34.19 per cent in June. The figures eased slightly in July and August, standing at 33.40 per cent and 32.15 per cent, respectively.

    However, this brief relief proved temporary as inflation rebounded to 32.70 per cent in September, rising further to 33.88 per cent in October. By November, the inflation rate had climbed to 34.60 per cent, and it closed the year at its highest point of 34.80 per cent in December. These figures underscore the ongoing inflationary pressures throughout the year, with only short-lived periods of reprieve. The final quarter of 2024 proved particularly difficult, highlighting the continued dominance of economic factors that kept prices elevated.

    Key drivers of inflation in 2024 and CBN’s strategy to tackle inflation in 2025

    Several factors contributed to Nigeria’s elevated inflation rate in 2024. One of the most significant was the depreciation of the naira and the continued volatility in the foreign exchange market. The exchange rate fluctuated due to weak foreign exchange reserves and capital flight, driving up the cost of imports and pushing up prices across goods and services. Food inflation also remained a key contributor to overall inflation. Insecurity in farming regions, rising logistics costs, and climate-related disruptions all hindered food supply, resulting in higher prices. This was compounded by soaring transportation costs, driven by increased fuel prices, which further escalated food distribution expenses.

    Monetary policy tightening also contributed to the inflationary pressures experienced in 2024. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) adopted a stringent approach, raising the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) multiple times throughout the year to curb excess liquidity. While this was intended to control inflation, it resulted in higher borrowing costs, which in turn slowed investment and economic growth. Additionally, the rise in energy and transportation costs played a significant role. The removal of fuel subsidies in 2023 had a lasting effect, making transportation and production more expensive. Adjustments to electricity tariffs further exacerbated the situation, as businesses were forced to pass on these additional costs to consumers, further driving up prices.

    Structural weaknesses in Nigeria’s economy also contributed to the persistent inflationary pressures. The country’s heavy reliance on imports for essential goods, coupled with weak industrial capacity and inadequate infrastructure, made it particularly vulnerable to external shocks. The slow pace of economic diversification meant that disruptions in global supply chains or fluctuations in global prices had an immediate and direct impact on inflation.

    In response to the urgent need to tackle inflation, the CBN has outlined a comprehensive strategy aimed at stabilising prices and restoring economic confidence in 2025. The bank is expected to prioritise stabilising the foreign exchange market to mitigate imported inflation. Strengthening foreign exchange reserves, increasing interventions in the forex market, and implementing policies to boost non-oil exports and remittance inflows are among the key strategies it plans to deploy. These efforts aim to improve forex liquidity and reduce volatility in exchange rates.

    On the monetary policy front, the CBN is likely to maintain a tight stance in the early months of 2025. While this approach will help control inflation, should price pressures begin to ease, the central bank may gradually reduce interest rates to stimulate investment and foster economic growth. Effective liquidity management will remain a central priority, as the CBN seeks to balance inflation control with the need for sustainable economic expansion.

    The CBN is also focused on strengthening financial sector stability to ensure that sufficient credit flows to productive sectors. Encouraging the recapitalisation of banks, enhancing consumer credit initiatives, and supporting lending to critical sectors such as manufacturing and agriculture are among the strategies to prevent economic activity from being stifled by tight monetary policy. Addressing food inflation will be a key aspect of the CBN’s 2025 strategy, with plans to increase intervention in the agriculture sector through targeted funding and incentives for farmers. Expanding modern storage and distribution networks to minimise post-harvest losses will also be prioritised. Furthermore, efforts will be made to collaborate with state governments to improve security in farming regions, ensuring that agricultural activities are not disrupted by violence or banditry.

    Improving energy and infrastructure development will also be a major focus. The CBN is working closely with the federal government to boost investment in energy infrastructure, which is expected to lower production and transportation costs. The development of alternative energy sources is being explored to reduce reliance on costly fuel imports. To ensure the success of these measures, the CBN is emphasising closer coordination with the federal government on fiscal policy. This includes reducing fiscal deficits through prudent spending, implementing structural reforms to enhance productivity, and expanding social intervention programmes to protect vulnerable Nigerians from the impact of inflation. A stronger alignment between monetary and fiscal policies will be crucial in achieving sustained price stability.

    CBN’s tightening measures: MPC members’ views on inflation control

    As Nigeria continues to contend with persistent inflation, members of the CBN’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) have underscored the need for a decisive and comprehensive response. Their insights highlight the complex factors driving inflation and the necessity for coordinated efforts between monetary and fiscal authorities. A key concern raised by MPC member Aku Pauline Odinkemelu is the critical importance of government collaboration in addressing inflationary risks that extend beyond the scope of monetary policy interventions.

    She emphasised that while the CBN remains committed to its efforts to contain inflation, other underlying economic challenges—such as fiscal deficits, infrastructural deficiencies, and security issues—must also be tackled to achieve lasting price stability. In her words, “In addition to efforts by monetary policy to contain the risk to price development, it is also essential that the government joins forces to address other risks to the outlook such as security challenges especially in food-producing areas, high energy costs, structural and labour market rigidities, and fiscal policy surprises.”

    Her remarks highlight the limitations of monetary policy in effectively controlling inflation. Issues such as insecurity in farming regions, which disrupts food supply, and high energy costs, which drive up production expenses, require broader, more coordinated policy interventions. Labour market inefficiencies and abrupt shifts in fiscal policy further complicate efforts to control inflation, underlining the need for a whole-of-government approach.

    Another MPC member, Aloysius Uche Ordu, emphasised the devastating impact of inflation on the most vulnerable segments of society. He described the ongoing cost-of-living crisis as a major source of economic hardship, particularly for low-income families, small businesses, and Nigeria’s vast informal sector. Ordu warned that “the long-term consequences of inflation, such as reduced purchasing power and increased living costs, are especially detrimental to the most vulnerable groups within the economy. Inflation erodes trust in the government, making it a critical issue that requires urgent, unified action across all levels of government.”

    Ordu’s comments underscore the broader economic and social consequences of inflation. When inflation remains persistently high, it erodes household incomes, diminishes business profitability, and weakens overall economic confidence. Considering these concerns, he advocated for further tightening measures to combat inflation. In response to the mounting inflationary pressures, Ordu voted in September to raise the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) by 50 basis points to 27.25 per cent. He also supported increasing the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) for Deposit Money Banks by 50 basis points to 50 per cent, and for Merchant Banks, by 200 basis points to 16 per cent. However, he favoured maintaining the asymmetric corridor and liquidity ratio at their current levels, signalling a more cautious approach to broader liquidity management.

    For Muhammad Sani Abdullahi, Deputy Governor for Economic Policy at the CBN, inflation control remains the central priority of monetary policy. He stressed that, given the prevailing inflation outlook, maintaining a tight stance is crucial to anchoring inflation expectations. Abdullahi noted, “The risks to inflation in Nigeria are well known. Taming inflation therefore remains a top priority for the MPC. The policy rate needs to go higher given the inflation outlook and the need to ensure that inflation expectations remain well-anchored, which in turn supports the federal government’s broader economic growth objectives. In this context, maintaining the Bank’s tight monetary policy stance is critical to sustaining domestic price stability.” His comments emphasise the importance of ensuring that inflation expectations are managed effectively to maintain long-term economic stability.

    Abdullahi’s position aligns with the CBN’s broader strategy of using interest rate hikes as a tool to curb inflationary pressures. By raising the policy rate, the central bank aims to reduce excess liquidity in the economy, which in turn helps to slow down inflation. However, this approach is not without its trade-offs. While it can be effective in managing inflation, it also leads to higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals, potentially slowing investment and consumption. This balancing act requires careful consideration of both the short-term and long-term economic impacts.

    MPC member Mustapha Akinkunmi issued a warning about potential inflationary shocks in the near term, pointing out that “the recent increases in energy costs and the flooding in September are expected to disrupt this declining trend in headline inflation.” His remarks highlight the external factors that continue to pose significant risks to inflation control efforts. The rise in fuel and electricity costs contributes to higher production and transportation expenses, while natural disasters such as flooding disrupt agricultural output, leading to food supply shortages and escalating prices.

    These perspectives from MPC members offer a comprehensive view of Nigeria’s inflation dynamics and the policy responses being considered. While there is broad agreement on the necessity for monetary tightening, experts also stress the need for broader economic reforms and government interventions to address the root causes of inflation. The CBN’s decision to raise interest rates, increase reserve requirements, and maintain tight liquidity conditions demonstrates a firm commitment to tackling inflation.

    However, as highlighted by policymakers, inflation control cannot rest solely on monetary policy. Addressing security challenges, high energy costs, and structural inefficiencies is equally crucial to achieving long-term price stability. As Nigeria moves forward, the effectiveness of these measures will depend on how well monetary and fiscal authorities align their policies. With inflation at record highs, the success of these interventions will be pivotal in shaping Nigeria’s economic trajectory in 2025.

    Support from the fiscal authorities

    As the CBN intensifies its efforts to curb inflation in 2025, the fiscal authorities have voiced their full support, acknowledging the critical role of monetary policy in stabilising the economy. At the 2025 Monetary Policy Forum, the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr. Wale Edun, commended the CBN for its ongoing efforts to restore credibility to the nation’s monetary framework. Edun specifically highlighted that recent reforms by the CBN had significantly boosted investor confidence and provided rating agencies with a clearer understanding of Nigeria’s economic landscape. He recognised that one of the key achievements under Governor Olayemi Cardoso’s leadership was the restoration of trust in monetary policy decisions, which had previously been undermined by inconsistencies and market uncertainty.

    On the issue of inflation, the Minister reaffirmed his strong support for the CBN’s tightening measures, emphasising the importance of monetary stability in driving economic growth. He acknowledged that inflation remains one of the biggest challenges facing Nigeria’s economy, impacting both households and businesses. While monetary policies such as interest rate hikes and liquidity tightening are necessary, Edun also stressed that fiscal measures are vital in ensuring overall economic stability.

    Similarly, the Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Abubakar Bagudu, commended the growing collaboration between fiscal and monetary policy authorities, describing it as being in the nation’s best interest. Speaking at the forum, Bagudu highlighted that Nigeria had seen increased cooperation between the two arms of economic management over the past 18 months. He attributed this strengthened coordination to President Bola Tinubu’s deep understanding of the trade-offs between fiscal and monetary policy, which has been clearly reflected in the administration’s Renewed Hope Agenda.

    Bagudu emphasised that this collaboration had been bolstered by the experience and expertise of key figures such as Edun and Cardoso, who had both worked closely with President Tinubu in the past. According to Bagudu, this familiarity had created a shared vision for economic growth, fostering constructive debates and ensuring that policy direction is aligned and effective in addressing the country’s challenges. “The central bank and the fiscal authorities are clear in their priorities and objectives, and no doubt disagree. But that’s how it should be. It should be healthy because when the expenditure-to-GDP ratio is lower than it should be, our first significant objective is to increase revenue-to-GDP and grow the revenue-to-GDP and expenditure-to-GDP ratio,” Bagudu explained.

    He acknowledged that striking a balance between inflation control and economic growth was a delicate task. While monetary policy aimed to tighten liquidity and curb inflation, fiscal policy focused on boosting government expenditure in productive sectors to stimulate growth. Bagudu emphasised the importance of inclusivity in economic planning, noting that the Renewed Hope Agenda sought to ensure that economic growth translated into tangible benefits for all Nigerians.

    According to him, Nigeria still possesses significant potential for productivity growth, particularly in key sectors such as agriculture and solid minerals. He observed that while the fiscal authorities believed that increased spending on domestic production would yield substantial benefits, the central bank had opted not to intervene directly in these sectors. However, he stressed that investment in agriculture remained critical, especially considering security improvements in the Northwest and Northeast, which had positively impacted farming activities in previously volatile regions.

    Bagudu’s remarks underscored a critical aspect of economic planning—balancing the need to control inflation with the imperative to drive growth. While the CBN’s tight monetary policy was essential for stabilising prices, fiscal authorities recognised that strategic investments in key sectors could help mitigate the adverse effects of inflation on households and businesses. The growing alignment between fiscal and monetary authorities marks a significant departure from previous years, when policy disconnects often resulted in economic inefficiencies. The current synergy reflects a more coordinated approach to tackling inflation while ensuring that economic growth remains on course.

    With both monetary and fiscal authorities working in tandem, Nigeria’s economic managers hope to guide the country toward a more stable and resilient future. However, the challenge will be in effectively implementing these policies while also addressing external shocks that could undermine progress. As inflation remains a pressing issue, the success of these measures will be closely monitored by stakeholders throughout the economy.

    CBN’s likely trajectory in 2025 to tackle inflation

    In response to the inflation crisis of 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is expected to maintain a tight monetary policy stance in 2025 in order to curb inflationary pressures, anchor inflation expectations, and restore investor confidence in the economy. This approach will likely involve continued adjustments to key monetary policy tools, building on the measures that have already shown some success.

    Deputy Governor for Economic Policy, Mohammed Sani Abdullahi, speaking at the Monetary Policy Forum last week, emphasised the decisive steps taken in 2024. According to him, the Bank raised the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) by a cumulative 875 basis points, bringing it to 27.50% by December 2024. Additionally, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) for Other Depository Corporations was increased to 50%, while for Merchant Banks, it was raised to 16%. The Liquidity Ratio was kept steady at 30%. Abdullahi noted that these policies played a crucial role in addressing inflationary pressures and stabilising market conditions. Given the relative effectiveness of these measures, it is highly likely that the CBN will continue this trajectory in 2025, adjusting its tools as necessary to maintain control over inflation and support economic stability.

    Sani Abdullahi pointed out that the monetary tightening efforts had initially yielded positive results, with year-on-year headline inflation declining to 32.15% in August 2024, down from a peak of 34.19% in June 2024. However, fresh inflationary pressures resurfaced between September and December 2024 due to rising energy costs and increased consumer demand during the festive season. While inflation remained elevated at the end of the year, an in-depth analysis revealed a slowdown in food prices—a key component of overall inflation. This suggests that inflation may have reached its peak and could begin to trend downward with sustained policy interventions. This trend reinforces the importance of continued vigilance and targeted monetary actions to manage the evolving inflationary landscape, especially as global and domestic factors remain unpredictable.

    Recognising the impact of exchange rate stability on inflation control, the CBN took aggressive steps to curb volatility in the foreign exchange (FX) market. One of its most significant reforms was the liberalisation of the FX market, aimed at unifying the previously fragmented system and reducing speculative-driven premiums. Before adopting a flexible exchange rate regime, the premium between the official and parallel market rates had soared to 62.33% between January and May 2023. However, with the introduction of this regime, the premium dropped dramatically to 0.10% by June 2023, signalling progress toward market convergence.

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    As a result of these reforms, diaspora remittances surged from N12.48 trillion in 2023 to N22.73 trillion by the end of Q3 2024. The fourth-quarter figures, which are expected to push this amount to N31.78 trillion, would further strengthen FX supply and contribute to stabilising the naira. However, the backlog of outstanding FX obligations temporarily widened the premium, prompting the CBN to clear $7 billion worth of pending liabilities. Additionally, the introduction of the B-Match system has improved operational efficiency and transparency in the FX market. Alongside this, the launch of the FX Code has reinforced fair trading practices and enhanced confidence in the financial system, creating a more stable foundation for future growth and economic resilience.

    Beyond monetary interventions, the CBN has also strengthened its collaboration with fiscal authorities to address structural issues, particularly in food inflation. A key measure in this regard was the release of 2.15 million bags of fertiliser to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. This initiative aimed to boost agricultural productivity, ease supply-side constraints, and stabilise food prices—an essential factor in the broader inflation equation.

    Despite these efforts, economic uncertainty remains a significant challenge for policymakers. The Nigerian economy is undergoing substantial transformations, and navigating these shifts requires a deep understanding of their long-term implications. According to Sani Abdullahi, while notable progress has been made in stabilising inflation and restoring investor confidence, the CBN’s work is far from over. Persistent demand and supply-side shocks continue to hinder the achievement of a single-digit inflation target, highlighting the need for decisive policy actions to prevent inflation expectations from becoming entrenched. The path forward will require sustained coordination and flexibility in policy execution, along with an unwavering focus on addressing both the immediate and structural drivers of inflation.

    The Deputy Governor emphasised the importance of maintaining robust communication and stakeholder engagement to effectively manage inflationary expectations. Moving forward, the CBN is expected to remain firm in its disinflation strategy while adapting to emerging economic realities. The Bank’s approach in 2025 will likely involve a mix of continued monetary tightening, targeted foreign exchange (FX) market interventions, and structural support for key sectors. All these measures aim to ensure long-term price stability and bolster economic resilience, while also navigating the complexities of both domestic and global economic challenges. The success of this approach will depend on the CBN’s ability to maintain flexibility in its policies and work closely with fiscal authorities to address both immediate and structural inflation drivers.

    If effectively implemented, the CBN’s strategy for 2025 could lead to a gradual reduction in inflation, particularly in the second half of the year. A more stable exchange rate, improved food supply, and better liquidity management could ease inflationary pressures. The stabilisation of the foreign exchange market and an increase in forex supply could strengthen the naira, which in turn would help reduce import-driven inflation. These factors, combined with continued fiscal and monetary cooperation, could provide a more favourable environment for economic growth, improving the purchasing power of households and businesses while laying the groundwork for sustainable economic recovery. However, this will require ongoing adaptability to external shocks and a comprehensive focus on both demand and supply-side challenges.

    As inflation begins to decline, the CBN may consider lowering interest rates to encourage business expansion and investment. This could spur stronger economic growth and job creation, as businesses take advantage of improved credit conditions to expand their operations, thereby supporting overall economic activity. The CBN’s strategy to tackle inflation in 2025 represents a well-balanced mix of monetary tightening, foreign exchange market reforms, and supply-side interventions.

    While the challenge remains formidable, a coordinated approach between the CBN, fiscal authorities and the private sector could create the foundation for long-term price stability. The coming months will be pivotal in determining whether these policies can effectively tame inflation and restore economic confidence. The outcome of these measures will not only shape Nigeria’s economic performance in 2025 but also influence the country’s long-term financial stability. As the battle against inflation intensifies, all eyes will be on the CBN’s ability to navigate the complex economic landscape and deliver tangible, sustainable results that benefit both businesses and households alike.

  • How casino journalism bets against the future

    How casino journalism bets against the future

    In Nigeria, journalism has sadly morphed into a high-stakes gamble where sensationalism trumps truth and integrity. In his recent inaugural lecture, Ismail Ibraheem, a distinguished professor of journalism and communication studies at the University of Lagos, sounds the alarm on this dangerous shift. He warns that prioritising profit over responsibility undermines democracy, leaving critical issues abandoned for short-lived attention, weakening the pillars of informed discourse and democratic accountability

    The journalism landscape in Nigeria, like in many parts of the world, is undergoing profound transformations. The media, once regarded as the pillar of democracy and an instrument for truth-telling, has slowly but surely become entangled in the forces of sensationalism, misinformation and shallow reporting. Prof Ismail Ibraheem’s inaugural lecture at the University of Lagos, entitled Casino Journalism and the End of History, paints a worrying picture of the state of journalism in the country. His critical analysis touches on a central idea: that Nigerian journalism has transformed into a gamble, much like a casino, where the stakes are high, but the odds of truth and integrity winning are low.

    The university don employed the metaphor of “casino journalism” to describe the sensationalist, profit-driven nature of modern news media—a system where the pursuit of attention and revenue often trumps the pursuit of truth and long-term understanding. Much like a game of chance, the media landscape has become unpredictable and mercenary, with major outlets treating each story like a gamble, betting on what will capture the public’s fleeting attention. But in this casino of 24-hour news cycles and clickbait headlines, the ultimate cost is not just the truth—it is the very future of meaningful discourse and progress.

    To fully grasp the concept of casino journalism, one must first understand the metaphor of a casino. A casino is a place where individuals risk their money on uncertain outcomes, often driven by chance rather than skill or informed decision-making. In a similar vein, “casino journalism” refers to the practice of journalists and media outlets prioritising sensationalism, clickbait and entertainment over accuracy, responsibility and public service. The focus is no longer on serving the public with facts but on attracting views, likes and shares.

    Understanding casino journalism

    For context, the metaphor of casino journalism draws inspiration from Susan Strange’s Casino Capitalism, in which she critiques the speculative and unstable nature of modern global finance – an analysis of how speculative elites manipulate economic systems, which resonates with the challenges faced by contemporary journalism, where sensationalism and clickbait culture frequently eclipse substantive investigative reporting. Her critique of the risks and inequalities inherent in such systems mirrors concerns about journalism’s evolving trajectory toward what Ibraheem calls “casino journalism.” This shift, he argues, threatens the integrity of journalism, transforming it into a high-stakes gamble where spectacle often trumps truth.

    In Nigeria, casino journalism manifests in several forms: sensational headlines, exaggeration of facts, and the spread of misinformation. Media houses often prioritize stories that generate quick attention, pushing critical reporting on issues like governance, corruption, and societal challenges into the background. This shift in priorities is largely driven by the financial imperatives of the media industry. As revenue increasingly depends on the number of clicks, shares and views a story garners, the temptation to sensationalise stories becomes all too great. This approach to journalism undermines the ethical standards that once defined the profession. Historically, journalists were seen as gatekeepers of truth, tasked with providing citizens with accurate, objective, and well-researched information.

    One of the more insidious aspects of casino journalism in Nigeria is what can be referred to as “media amnesia.” This phenomenon manifests in a curious and troubling pattern: the media quickly abandons significant stories once a new, often more sensational one emerges. This creates a cycle of forgetfulness and neglect, where critical exposes are dropped and left to fade into obscurity, only to be overshadowed by the next headline-grabbing event. This tendency, Ibraheem warns, undermines the role of the media as a watchdog and gatekeeper of accountability, leading to a situation where issues that should be pursued with rigor and determination are instead forgotten, often to the detriment of the public and the larger democratic process.

    In Nigerian media, this cycle is all too common. Take, for example, the investigative reports that occasionally surface regarding corruption, fraud or abuse of office. A journalist or media house will break a major story—say, an exposé on the misappropriation of government funds, or a scandal involving a high-ranking political figure. Public interest is piqued, debates emerge and calls for accountability are made. Yet, the moment a new, more sensational story—often a political scandal or ethnic conflict—breaks, the media swiftly abandons the initial story in favour of the latest spectacle. The urgency to capitalise on the drama of breaking news takes precedence, leaving the previous issue unresolved.

    A glaring example of this media amnesia was evident in the 2018 NNPC scandal, where allegations emerged about the siphoning of billions of naira through shady deals and fraudulent transactions. Media outlets initially picked up the story with zeal, condemning the corrupt practices and pointing fingers at key figures in government. But within weeks, the story faded into the background, pushed aside by the subsequent, often more sensational, headlines surrounding political machinations and electoral issues. The scandal was never truly followed up on with the level of scrutiny it deserved. The story was not revisited, nor were there any meaningful developments that pushed the authorities to take action. This is a clear example of how Nigeria’s media often fails to exercise its power to follow up, leaving stories of public interest unresolved and unaccountable – a case of sweeping important issues under the carpet.

    Similarly, during the Dieselgate scandal involving former Nigerian oil minister Diezani Alison-Madueke, accusations of money laundering, illegal oil deals and corruption surfaced. The media, initially abuzz with the dramatic revelations, soon shifted focus once other sensational political stories emerged—such as the 2015 general elections or the political infighting within the ruling party. Though the allegations of corruption were serious and far-reaching, they were quickly eclipsed by the attention given to other headlines. Media outlets did not follow up with sustained investigations or demand accountability from those in power. This failure to follow up on critical stories allowed corruption to remain entrenched in Nigerian politics and created a vacuum where the public’s right to know the full story was left unaddressed.

    Casino journalism and the road to nowhere

    The failure of the Nigerian media to pursue follow-up investigations has a cascading effect on both the practice of journalism and the state of democracy. At its core, this lack of persistence and accountability deprives the public of crucial information that could guide their understanding of how power is wielded and abused in the country. When stories are left unfinished, the public is denied the opportunity to understand the true extent of corruption, abuse and injustice. The media’s power to effect change is thus diluted, and its role in holding the powerful accountable is compromised.

    This abandonment of important stories also stunts public discourse. For example, corruption scandals that are not followed up on often leave the public in a state of confusion and frustration. The promise of transparency and accountability, which the media should provide, is instead replaced with a feeling of disillusionment. Citizens may feel that the media is not interested in getting to the bottom of important issues or that the system is too corrupt to be reformed. Over time, this fosters a sense of cynicism, where individuals become disengaged from public affairs, believing that no amount of pressure or media attention will ever bring about justice.

    Furthermore, the media’s lack of follow-up contributes to a perception of a “two-speed” justice system in Nigeria—one that deals with the latest issues with great speed and flair, but ignores the deeper, ongoing problems that require sustained attention. The political elite, knowing that the media is quick to forget, can act with impunity, confident that their transgressions will not be revisited or held to account. This dynamic creates an environment where corruption thrives and where efforts to build a fair and transparent society are continually undermined. At a broader level, the inability of the Nigerian media to provide ongoing coverage of significant issues severely undermines the country’s democracy. A healthy democracy relies on the media to inform the public, hold power to account, and ensure that citizens are educated about their rights and responsibilities. The media is the primary institution through which the public learns about the actions of their leaders, the workings of government, and the policies that affect their lives.

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    According to Ibraheem, when the media fails to follow up on critical stories, it leaves a void in the democratic process, as politicians and public figures are not held accountable for their actions in the same way that they would be in a functioning democracy. Investigations into corruption, policy failures, and human rights abuses are often abandoned just when they are beginning to uncover the truth. This not only robs the public of their right to know but also emboldens those in power to act with even greater disregard for the law, knowing that they can escape scrutiny once the next headline-grabbing story comes along.

    The consequences of this for democracy are profound. A media that is disinterested in follow-up and investigative journalism undermines the very foundations of democratic governance. Without sustained media scrutiny, citizens lose the ability to make informed decisions, and elections become a mere formality, rather than a genuine opportunity for the public to hold their leaders accountable. Democracy is not just about voting every few years—it is about an ongoing process of engagement, debate, and scrutiny. When the media fails to hold power to account consistently, it weakens the entire democratic structure.

    Moreover, the failure to provide meaningful follow-up means that issues such as corruption, election fraud, or human rights abuses never have the opportunity to be fully addressed. This leaves these problems to fester, often leading to greater political instability and social unrest. By abandoning stories quickly, the media creates a false sense of resolution, where the public believes that issues have been “dealt with” when in reality, they remain unresolved. The persistent neglect of these issues only exacerbates feelings of frustration and helplessness among citizens.

    As the Vice Chancellor of UNILAG, Prof. Folasade Ogunsola, said in her closing address, there is a sharp contrast between ethical journalism and sensationalism. “Casino journalism, with its focus on the dramatic and the superficial, erodes meaningful public discourse, distorts historical context, and weakens our collective understanding of societal issues. The ‘end of history’ mind-set fosters dangerous complacency, especially in a nation as complex as Nigeria. When the media (report) lacks depth and context, it risks serving the interests of the powerful rather than the public good.

     “The integrity of our media is inseparable from the health of our democracy. Prof. Ibraheem’s call for a journalism that educates, informs, and uplifts resonates deeply with us all. We must protect and promote a free, responsible, and resilient media system, for in doing so, we safeguard the future of our democratic ideals.”

    To restore integrity to the media and strengthen democracy, Nigerian journalists must take up the mantle of responsible reporting and long-term investigation. Media houses should invest in follow-up journalism, ensuring that stories are not abandoned but are pursued until they lead to tangible outcomes. This requires a commitment to truth over entertainment and the courage to hold power to account, regardless of the political or financial pressures that may arise. The future of Nigeria’s democracy depends on the media’s ability to reclaim its role as a powerful force for accountability. Only then will Nigerians be able to rely on the media as a true reflection of their society and a vital instrument in building a better future.

  • Climate mitigation: Challenges facing African countries

    Climate mitigation: Challenges facing African countries

    Nigeria and other African countries contribute four per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. But ironically, they are disproportionately vulnerable to climate crises, losing an average of five per cent of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to climate devastation. Yet, of the $277 billion required annually until 2030 to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change, the Continent currently receives only $30 billion a year, according to estimates by the African Development Bank (AfDB). To close, or at least, reduce the huge financing gap, experts are pushing for prioritisation of innovative financial structures and instruments, including increased investments in renewable energy, among other climate mitigation actions. Assistant Editor CHIKODI OKEREOCHA reports.

    It’s not for nothing that the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared climate change humanity’s single biggest health threat. From extreme and unpredictable weather patterns that threaten human health, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, record droughts in certain areas and massive and concentrated rainfall in others, climate change, according to WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Ghebreyseus “is right here and right now.”

    Indeed, climate change has become a clear and present danger, and its impacts are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. The United Nations (UN) brought the reality of the climate risks nearer home when it said, for instance, that Nigeria—Africa’s largest economy and fourth largest Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emitter in Africa, after South Africa, Egypt and Algeria—has the highest rate of deforestation in the world, losing approximately 3.7 per cent of its forests every year.

    Giving more details of the scale of climate devastation, the global body said alongside land-use change and energy production, deforestation is one of the primary sources of Nigeria’s greenhouse gas emissions. Southern and coastal cities such as Lagos are already threatened by rising sea levels. Periods of extreme rainfall in coastal cities and in northern parts of the country within the Sahel region also increase vulnerability to flooding and exacerbate the spread of waterborne and infectious diseases.

    That’s not all. Extreme rainfall also contributes to erosion and infrastructure damage. For instance, about 178 local government areas (LGAs) in 32 of the 36 states in Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory fall within the highly probable flood risk areas, according to the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA). Another 224 of the country’s 774 LGAs fall within moderately probable flood risk areas and 372 fall within probable flood risk areas.

    Similarly, more than 830 kilometres of Nigeria’s coastline are increasingly threatened by floods, erosion, water, and air pollution. Droughts, reduced rainfall in certain areas of the country, and rising air temperatures also jeopardize water security and hydropower systems. They also hinder agricultural production and fishing, which in turn reduces food security and negatively impacts health and nutrition.

    In all of these, human activities, particularly the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, such as burning fossil fuels to generate energy, using non-renewable energy sources for transport, industrial activities, buildings and households, as well as agriculture, is said to be the primary driver of recent climate crisis.

    But, the snag is that Nigeria and other African countries contribute only four per cent of global GHGs. Yet, they are, ironically, disproportionately and acutely vulnerable to the impact of GHG emissions and the attendant climate risks, which, according to the President of Afreximbank, Prof. Benedict Oramah, costs Africa an average of five per cent of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

    The occasion was the Africa Day, during the recent 29th UN Climate Change Conference (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan, where an evidently worried Oramah did not mince words that “Climate change in Africa is an existential question that needs immediate action.” He also warned that inaction risked causing even greater loss and damage.

    Africa Day serves as a platform for African Heads of State and Government, leaders of regional institutions, ministers, researchers, leaders in the private sector and financial institutions, civil society organisations, development partners, and other stakeholders to address shared challenges, reaffirm Africa’s priorities during the annual global climate conference.

    At Africa Day, which also allows the continent’s leaders to deliberate and propose ways forward on critical issues relating to climate change and other development challenges, Prof. Oramah seized the opportunity of the platform to emphasis the urgency of the climate situation, and called for immediate action on mobilizing the $700 million committed to the Loss and Damage Fund and innovative financing mechanisms such as climate insurance financed by developed countries.

    Incidentally, developed countries such as China, U.S., India, the European Union (EU), Russia, and Brazil are said to be the six largest greenhouse gas emitters. The six largest emitters accounted for 63 per cent of global emissions in 2023, for instance. By contrast, the 47 least developed countries, Nigeria inclusive, accounted for only four per cent emissions.

    However, global climate mitigation initiatives, which include reducing GHG emissions, have since become a strategic imperative. But, sadly, Nigeria and other African countries appear to be walking a tight rope in this regard.

    Why Nigeria, and other African countries are hamstrung

    The Director-General of the Manufacturers’ Association of Nigeria (MAN), Segun Ajayi-Kadir, gave some insight into why Nigeria and indeed, other African countries are not making a significant impact in the global push to mitigate the climate crisis.

    He blamed the situation on inadequate funding for clean energy solutions, limited infrastructure, high cost of energy production and distribution, and abysmal poverty levels, among others.

    Ajayi-Kadir sure hit the bull’s eye. Inadequate funding or climate financing is one of the major drawbacks in the continent’s efforts at mitigating the impact of climate change. The African Development Bank (AfDB) put this in perspective when it said that African countries need $277 billion annually until 2030 to tackle the climate crisis effectively, but currently receive just $30 billion a year.

    Indeed, the continent, according to experts, receives three to four per cent of global climate finance, even though it is home to nine of the 10 countries that are most vulnerable to climate change. However, the Vice President of the AfDB Group for Power, Energy, Climate and Green Growth, Kevin Kariuki said the aim is to increase financing from about four per cent to 10 per cent by 2030.

    Read Also: Climate Change: The disproportionate impact on developing nations

    “We hope to move from billions to trillions of dollars that Africa fully needs for its climate action. The success of this COP (i.e. COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan) billed as the ‘COP of finance’, will depend in large part on the level of ambition of the new climate finance target,” Kariuki stated, at Africa Day.

    Recall that the developed countries had in 2009 committed to jointly mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020, in support of climate action in developing countries. The mobilization of the $100 billion, later enshrined in the Paris Agreement, is essential for securing progress and meeting the goals of the Agreement.

    The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change signed in 2016, covering climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. It seeks to strengthen the global response to climate change, by reaffirming the goal of limiting global temperature increase to well below two degrees Celsius, while pushing efforts to further limit the increase to 1.5 degrees.

    Apparently unsatisfied with the level of mobilisation of the $100 billion financing by developed countries, African countries and their leaders seized the platform of the Africa Day at COP29 to express concerns that climate funding was declining instead of reaching its planned doubling by 2025. They insisted that “it is essential that this time, words are translated into concrete actions.”

    Justifying this position, the Executive Director of the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), Mithika Mwenda said: “We are victims of a climate crisis for which we are not responsible. We refuse to ask for loans for problems we have not caused. It is essential that climate finance is based on grants and that they are appropriate to the needs of our communities in Africa.”

    On her part, the Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development, the Blue Economy and Sustainable Environment at the African Union Commission, Josefa Sacko emphasised the urgency of climate finance accessibility. She stressed that African countries need better access to adaptation funding by the COP’s end, highlighting adaptation as a key priority.

    Nigeria’s long road to net-zero

     Nigeria is signatory to the Paris Agreement and a regular participant at the annual COP, where global decisions around climate adaptation and mitigation actions are discussed and commitments made.

    Accordingly, in 2021, at COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, former President Muhammadu Buhari announced the country’s ambitious goal of achieving energy access by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.

    Simply put, net-zero, sometimes referred to as carbon neutral, or climate neutral is a state in which the greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere are balanced by removal out of the atmosphere. To ‘go net-zero’ is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or to ensure that any ongoing emissions are balanced by removals. Net zero is important because–for CO2 at least–this is the state at which global warming stops.

    President Tinubu reaffirms commitment

    President Bola Tinubu reaffirmed Nigeria’s commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2060, in alignment with global climate objectives, at this year’s Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week (ADSW) on January 15, 2025.

    In making the commitment, the President probably drew some strength from Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan (ETP), which outlines Nigeria’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 across five key sectors—power, cooking, oil and gas, transport, and industry.

    The ETP focuses on diversifying energy sources, reducing fossil fuel reliance, and investing in clean energy infrastructure, such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and electric vehicles. These initiatives are expected to help Nigeria lower greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate the move toward renewable energy.

    While noting that from the start of his administration the government prioritised cutting carbon emissions and transitioning to clean energy, Tinubu said his administration’s plan focuses on reducing dependency on fossil fuels while promoting environmental sustainability and economic growth.

    “We remain determined to reach net-zero by 2060,” the President said, adding that “diversifying our energy sources is key to achieving this target.”

    He, however, called for global collaboration and support to bolster Nigeria’s efforts in achieving these ambitious climate goals.

    Tinubu stressed the need for global partnerships that facilitate technology transfer, capacity building, and financial assistance to developing nations navigating the complexities of climate action.

    $2.5b insignificant finance threatens net-zero target

    Much as President Tinubu’s re-affirmation of his administration’s commitment to achieving Nigeria’s net-zero target is heart-warming, the road to achieving the target is certainly not a stroll in the park; getting the required finance to invest in infrastructure and renewable energy to combat climate change is no tea party.

    For instance, in 2021/22, $2.5 billion of public and private capital—from both domestic and international sources—went to climate action in Nigeria, according to the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) research group. Although Nigeria’s $2.5 billion in tracked climate finance was up by 32 per cent from $1.9 billion in 2019/20, CPI said comparing flows to estimated needs shows an annual climate finance gap of $27.2 billion.

    In its report titled “Landscape of Climate Finance in Nigeria 2024” released in October last year, CPI, whose mission is to support governments, businesses and financial institutions in driving economic growth while addressing climate change, emphasised that “Nigeria’s $2.5 billion in tracked climate finance is minimal, representing less than one per cent of national GDP.”

    The CPI report, which was accessed by The Nation, also said the $2.5 billion was almost equivalent to Nigeria’s spending on foreign debt servicing in 2021/22 ($2.3 billion). Moreover, climate finance flows were dwarfed by the $9.3 billion spent on government fossil fuel subsidies in 2022 and the $6.7 billion in estimated loss and damage resulting from devastating floods across the country in the same year.

    CPI also said international public climate finance to Nigeria, which accounts for the bulk of flows, was largely channeled as debt, both concessional (54 per cent) and non-concessional (35 per cent). “Reliance on debt-based climate investment is cause for concern, given the country’s already substantial debt burden,” CPI said.

    According to the CPI, the Nigerian Government spends over 80 per cent of its revenue on settling or servicing debt, with only 20 per cent of the remaining revenue available for spending on vital social services and development priorities.

    Citing World Bank Group’s 2022 estimates, CPI also put Nigeria’s infrastructure investment needs at $3 trillion up to 2050, while her Energy Transition Plan (ETP) is estimated at $1.9 trillion up to 2060.

    ‘Private sector climate financing quite low’

     The private sector is increasingly becoming the main driver of climate action, with CPI noting, for instance, that in 2022; about 51 per cent of the global climate financing was provided by the private sector. It, however, said in Africa and other developing nations, private sector contribution to climate financing is quite low.

    CPI, in its latest report titled “Africa’s Carbon Market: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future,” said in Nigeria, for instance, only 23 per cent of the total climate finance committed in 2020 was from the private sector. “This level of investment is not enough,” the report said.

    The report cited the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), which estimated that Africa requires about $213.4 billion from the private sector to close its climate financing gap by 2030.

    It quoted IRENA, an inter-governmental organisation that promotes the adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy, as saying that conventional financial instruments, like concessional debt and grants, are not enough, especially at the scale needed.

    “While the continent’s more mature markets, like South Africa and Kenya, have established and utilised complex capital market instruments like green bonds and asset securities, less developed financial markets have trouble attracting private sector capital. There is a need for innovative financial structures and instruments that can attract and mobilise private sector financing,” CPI said.

    Tackling climate crisis with carbon market

     To get round the challenge posed by the huge financing war chest required decarbonising and achieving the goal of limiting global temperature to below two degrees Celsius, stakeholders are on the same page on the need to leverage the carbon market.

    Carbon markets facilitate the trading of carbon credits, with each credit equal to a ton of carbon dioxide that has been reduced or removed from the atmosphere. They come from a wide range of sources such as tree-planting schemes, forest protection and renewable energy projects.

    There are two main types of carbon markets namely, the unregulated voluntary market, which supplies the majority of offsets used by large companies; and compliance markets, which are regulated cap-and-trade systems that place limits on overall pollution.

    In theory, international carbon trading could help countries cut emissions as quickly and cheaply as possible while capping emissions at safe levels.

    For example, if a major polluter such as China, India or the US is struggling to cut emissions at the required pace, it could pay for large-scale reforestation in Nigeria or renewable energy projects in Honduras, ensuring that overall global progress remains on track.

    More recently, carbon markets have experienced resurgence as companies scrambled to make net-zero commitments. The value of the unregulated voluntary market soared during the COVID-19 pandemic as major companies bought up carbon credits.

    The CPI report earlier cited, also noted that the demand for carbon credits to offset carbon emissions by large firms is expected to increase globally, and that companies will need carbon credits to meet their ambitious net-zero targets and pledges.

    The report said Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) will help to directly drive private capital flow into Africa, adding that VCMs are also an opportunity for clean energy and climate action projects in Africa to generate additional income.

    CPI further stated that the development of carbon markets also helps countries to establish and strengthen their local monitoring, reporting and verification frameworks and regulations, adding that this enabling environment reduces the risk of doing business and can help lower the cost of private sector financing.

    The CPI report, therefore, said: “African governments need to create an enabling environment for carbon markets to thrive. Governments should standardise carbon verification methodologies and build the capacity of project stakeholders.

    “African governments must be innovative in leveraging carbon credits. However, countries should also do so quickly to ensure that they can take advantage of the global private sector drive to net-zero.”

    Ajayi-Kadir could not agree less that the carbon market could be leveraged to mobilise the necessary investments for a green transition. According to him, the carbon market is a critical factor for a just financial incentive to transition to a low-carbon economy.

    Addressing participants at the second edition of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Private Sector Forum in Lagos, recently, he said: “It (carbon market) will engender energy efficiency improvements, drive development of green infrastructure development, and aid sustainable land use practices.”

    The MAN D-G said: “It is important for Nigeria, and indeed Africa, to mobilise its resources and take maximum advantage of the carbon market to advance the use of renewable energy, intensify off-grid energy solutions, and prioritise energy efficiency measures.”

    He also harped on the need to “embark on grid expansion and offering, and intentionally create an environment conducive to policy and regulatory framework that supports energy assets, and quite importantly, secure international funding.”

    Ajayi-Kadir further emphasised that: “Our success in the global carbon market is very important for the attainment of African Union Agenda 2063, which aims to ensure universal access to energy by 2030, the UN3077, which targets universal access to modern energy by 2030, and of course, AfDB’s Light Up and Power Africa Initiatives, which aim to connect 75 million people to electricity in 2025.”

    He also called on the global community to support Africa in its quest for sustainability, stressing the need for a supportive policy environment that incentivises investment in renewable energy and sustainable practices.

    Renewable energy road less traveled

    Critical to the achievement of the net-zero target is the transition to renewable energy sources, which hinges on the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

    Globally, the transition has gained significant traction, with renewables projected to supply half of global electricity by 2030, driven by solar, wind, and supportive policies, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA’s) Renewables 2024 report.

    The report added that by 2030, over 5,500 gigawatts (GW) of new capacity will be added. The IEA report, however, said for this to occur, governments must continue their support of renewable energy, by creating favourable policies, investing in infrastructure, and working together internationally.

    Interestingly, Africa, according to the Managing Director at 350 Africa, Landry Ninteretse, is making significant strides in renewable energy investments, with countries such as Egypt, Kenya, and Morocco leading in solar, wind, and geo-thermal projects. He, however, said the continent’s road to achieving universal access to clean energy is still long.

    350 Africa works to build an African climate movement for clean renewable energy solutions and a fossil-free future. It supports campaigns and initiatives aimed at accelerating an inclusive transition to renewable energy, justice, and equity across Africa.

    350 Africa’s MD, Ninteretse, said accelerating renewables is not only crucial for reducing reliance on fossil fuels but also promoting sustainable and inclusive growth.

    Ninteretse’s belief in the capacity of renewable energy to improve energy access and also help achieve the net zero target holds true, particularly for Nigeria, where, despite being endowed with plenty of resources that can be used to advance her energy transition and tackle the crisis in her power sector, about 70 per cent of Nigeria’s primary energy supply is derived from biomass resources.

    Nigeria currently faces a significant energy access challenge. About 140 million people lack access to grid electricity, representing 71 per cent of its total population, making the country the largest energy access deficit globally.

    The country boasts of 13, 000 MW electricity generation capacity, but daily transmission to the national grid is less than 5,000 MW. This is primarily blamed on ageing transmission infrastructure and unreliable gas supplies. This has forced a substantial part of the population to rely on costly and environmentally harmful fuel-powered generators to make up for the deficiencies in the grid.

    Yet, solar energy, considered the most plentiful energy source on the planet, has high potential in tropical countries such as Nigeria. Research shows that key cities such as Kano, Onitsha, and Lagos have high levels of sunlight available for conversion to electricity.

    Wind energy also looks promising in Nigeria. In places such as Enugu, Owerri and Onitsha, wind speeds have been measured at 5.42, 3.36 and 3.59 meters per second, respectively. In particular, the wind speed in Enugu is high enough to generate electricity effectively, according to wind power standards.

    Also, Nigeria’s vast mineral resources, including lithium, are also worthy of attention. Lithium is crucial for clean energy technologies (think of lithium-ion batteries, which are beneficial for renewable energy storage).

    The country boasts lithium ores in the Pan-African Basement Complex. Although mining is currently minimal, significant deposits have been found in Kwara, Ekiti, Ogun, Nasarawa, and Plateau states.

    Interestingly, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) has since stepped in with plans to add 5, 000 MW of renewable energy to the country’s energy mix by 2030, as part of effort to address the nation’s significant energy deficit.

    Nigeria’s National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) aims to diversify her energy mix by increasing the contribution of renewable energy sources to the national grid.

    The expansion of renewables, if the NREAP pulls through, will allow Nigeria and other African countries with similar Plans to achieve their key energy-related development goals, including universal access to modern energy services by 2030 and the full implementation of their climate pledges.

    To guarantee success, the 350 Africa boss, Ninteretse, said public-private partnerships are essential for driving renewable energy-sector reforms and infrastructure development. He also called for strong and steady advocacy and promotion of renewable energy sources across the continent.

    According to him, such efforts should emphasise the quality, durability and efficiency of the technology and equipment used. The role of the government and its agencies is to ensure that the technologies and equipment used in this transition meet international standards, not only to protect the population but also not to cause the rejection of renewable energy disappointed by the poor quality of the products in circulation.”

    Ninteretse reiterated that there is no future for fossil fuels, at least in the long run. His words: “We live in the last days of economies boosted by oil, gas, and coal. This is an historic and pivotal moment for Africa to get the continent’s economies leapfrog by harnessing the vast endowment of clean energy resources.

    “This is a fundamental reality African leaders must understand to make the right choices that put forward the best interests of people, their livelihoods, and the planet, instead of falling into a trap of a dying industry,” he said.

    He reiterated that efforts to improve energy access and electrification can be rapidly accelerated only if the key main barriers are removed: limited investments in renewable sources of energy, inadequate financial mechanisms, insufficient policy and regulatory frameworks and limited technical competence and expertise.

    As things are, the success or otherwise of Nigeria and indeed, Africa’s climate mitigation efforts will be determined by how far respective governments address the afore-mentioned barriers.

  • Opening up infrastructural, economic vistas in Enugu

    Opening up infrastructural, economic vistas in Enugu

    Since his assumption of office as governor of Enugu State in May 2023, Governor Peter Mbah has consistently been in the news for good reasons. But, the recent visit of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu seems to be an icing on the cake. DAMIAN DURUIHEOMA writes that the governor is opening up a vista of economic activities among Enugu State, Nigeria and the outside world.

    When President Bola Tinubu drove through the Akanu Ibiam International Airport, Enugu, into the heart of the Coal City during his one-day working visit to Enugu State on January 4, 2025, he had reassured himself that he has a personality in the person of Governor Peter Mbah, who is very committed to development and working in line with his (Tinubu’s) philosophy.

    This was borne out of Mr President’s personal witness to the retinue of Governor Mbah’s developmental projects and other facilities the president had had to inaugurate during his visit to Enugu. The projects and facilities are already revolutionising the state’s economy and opening up a vista of economic activities among the state, Nigeria and the outside world.

    Some of the projects inaugurated included the 30 completed and equipped Enugu Smart Green Schools (out of 260 under construction across the 260 wards in the state); completed multi-auditorium and multi-functional Enugu International Conference Centre and 90 completed urban roads in Enugu City. The projects and facilities, no doubt, are uplifting the state to its rightful economic status and thereby reducing poverty headcount index among residents of the state.

    These projects stemmed from the governor’s audacious budget of about N521.5 billion for the outgone year 2024, with a capital expenditure component of over 80 per cent.

    Significantly, about N134.5 billion, representing 33 per cent of the budget was committed to education, ramping it higher than the UNESCO’s recommendation of between 15 and 20 per cent.

    The commitment of the Enugu State Government to the provision of the infrastructure was, indeed, a compliment to the Tinubu-led Federal Government’s efforts in that direction.

    Aside from the state projects inaugurated in the state capital by the president, there were also the sprawling but magnificent ultra-modern Enugu Central Bus Terminal with their Nsukka, Abakpa and Gariki counterparts and the Enugu water project which has since restored potable water to the residents of the state long after it stopped functioning.

    Perhaps, one of the initiatives that touched the heart of the president most was the inauguration of the state-of-the-art Command and Control Centre, stationed inside the Government House, Enugu and 150 patrol vehicles fitted with AI-embedded surveillance cameras at the Government House, which the state has since deployed to reduce kidnapping and other forms of insecurity in the state.

    The President, who hailed Governor Mbah for his governance and development model and philosophy, said the governor had demonstrated that irrevocable commitment towards human development.

    “I am very proud of Nigeria. Mbah is proud of Nigeria. He is doing everything possible to provide security, attracting foreign investors and other investors locally. There’s no better investment than that of securing lives. I saw those cars, the Distress Response Squad. It is the way to go,” President Tinubu said.

    The president also emphasised the importance of cooperation between the Federal Government and the sub-nationals to drive development.

    “This (Command and Control Centre) is a profound demonstration of what we can do together. It reassures me that more revenue going to the sub-nationals and local governments is not a waste; it is for development.

    “We have committed leaders such as Peter Mbah who is taking Enugu State on the path of 21st-Century development, taking Enugu to greater heights, and building our tomorrow today.

    “I cannot forget the sight of those children I just met at the Smart Green School. I have seen gadgets and vehicles with 21st-century technology. You are, indeed, working for today, tomorrow and the future,” Tinubu said.

    There is no doubt that security has been the core of Mbah’s administration since his assumption of office as the governor of Enugu State in 2023.

    To that effect, Mbah informed President Tinubu during an interactive session with Southeast leaders, that his administration’s goals of growing Enugu State from the $4.4 billion economy on his accession to office, to a $30 billion economy in the next four to eight years, as well as making Enugu State one of Nigeria’s top three states in GDP terms, were the reasons he took the decision to stop an illegal sit-at-home order imposed across the Southeast by a criminal gang, which almost literally held the public hostage.

    “This is shaped by the knowledge that hardly any of our economic goals can be achieved if there is just a mere whiff of insecurity. That understanding is evident in the substantial investments we have made in strengthening security in Enugu State.

    “The framework of our security system was designed to nip crime in the bud, and react swiftly when there is any security breach. This is what our Distress Response Squad (DRS) represents.

    “However, a sense of security is not simply instilled through the physical presence of arms-bearing personnel. It is rather reinforced by a system that helps to guarantee a sense of security even when the threat of crime is remote.

    “This is what our AI-enhanced security initiative, which has led to round-the-clock surveillance of our streets and neighbourhoods across the entire state, is helping us to achieve.

    “This statewide Close Circuit Television (CCTV) network is operated via this Command and Control Centre inaugurated today,” Mbah said.

    Governor Mbah also told President Tinubu about his intention to make Enugu one of the conferencing capitals of Africa with one of the most imposing structures in the state capital, the International Conference Centre which he also inaugurated.

    “But, its significance neither lies in its elegance nor in its sheer size, which boasts a seating capacity that is easily one of the largest in Nigeria. Its real significance lies in the leverage it gives us in our goal to make Enugu the Conferencing Capital of Africa.

    Read Also: Jubilant Enugu villagers shut market over Ekweremadu’s wife release from UK prison

    “Many might, indeed, wonder what value conferences, meetings and events can add to an economy.

    “About 30 years ago, Rwanda was in the throes of a genocidal conflict that resulted in the deaths of over one million people. Currently, its capital–Kigali–is ranked as the second most preferred city for international conferences and events.

    “This positive turnaround is not accidental. It was a reputation the country doggedly sought and carefully nurtured.

    “To some, such statistics amounts to nothing more than bragging rights. But there’s real economic value behind this data. This could be gleaned from the fact that Rwanda’s Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events (MICE) industry recorded $95 million in revenue in 2023.

    “Let’s think about that – that figure is over N155 billion. The market for Africa’s meetings, conferences and events industry is huge.

    In 2022, it was valued at $10.50 billion. We want to get a huge slice of that. The International Conference Centre is a significant step towards this dream,” he said.

    Mbah, who described President Tinubu as a true federalist, commended his administration for establishing the Southeast Development Commission (SEDC) and liberalising the electricity sector through the amendment of the Electricity Act.

    He acknowledged the President’s efforts at revitalising Nigeria’s growth and economic resilience.

    “Your Excellency, your credential as a true federalist stands out brightly, and the legacies thereof will long earn you resounding accolades.

    “In signing the Electricity Act (Amendment) Bill, you liberalised electricity generation, transmission and distribution. That singular act will consistently rank as an enduring legacy.

    “It is noteworthy that Enugu State was the first sub-national to which the NERC ceded regulatory oversight of the local electricity market. That reflects how swiftly we are pursuing our goals,” he said.

    So far, the result of Mbah’s investment in infrastructure and security has shown in the number of investments that had come into the state in the last two years via the hospitality, tourism, real estate, commerce and mining, among other industries. There have also been improved economic and social activities as local businesses are booming, and economic activity is increasing on Mondays, which had previously and permanently declared sit-at-home days.

    According to available data, there has been serious boost in confidence by local and external investors, which, The Nation gathered, has seen investments worth several billions of naira being attracted to the state.

    Nevertheless, despite attracting investments, which came through partnerships with the government, such as the over $300 million state-of-the-art medical city by a group of Nigerians in the diaspora; the N40 billion deal to bring back to life Sunrise Flour Deal by Jelfah Nigeria Limited, a private investor and the N100 billion Enugu United Palm Products Limited, among other private concerns, Mbah’s administration’s strategic focus on economic growth is evident in the proposed 2025 budget, which totals a record N971 billion. This ambitious plan aims at enhancing the state’s economy and attracting more private investment in addition to the inroads the administration had made in 2024.

    While Mbah may have had Enugu State in mind while making giant strides in his governance and inviting the president to inaugurate some of his developmental projects and facilities, the other four Southeast states became huge beneficiaries of President Tinubu’s visit.

    This could be seen in the attendance by dignitaries, who included Mbah’s Abia counterpart, Alex Otti; Deputy Governor of Anambra State Onyeka Ibezim; Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, Benjamin Kalu; two former Presidents of the Senate-Anyim Pius Anyim and Ken Nnamani, Minister of Works, David Umahi, former Minister of Power, Prof. Chinedu Nebo and some other select Igbo political and religious leaders as well as captains of industry. These individuals participated in a town hall meeting, where they tabled the concerns of the region before the president.

    In their presentation, they pleaded with the president to direct the dismantling of security roadblocks and checkpoints in the zone, noting that the roadblocks made goods expensive in the region.

    They also appealed to the President to ensure that the Anambra Basin with its abundant oil and gas reserves is developed in the interest of the country’s economy.

    The basin, experts posit, is estimated to hold up to 1 billion barrels of oil and 30 billion cubic feet of gas, which would unlock the oil and gas reserves lying waste in the area.

    There was also yet another request, bordering on the need to revive the rail system in Enugu State and some other states in the zone, which was brought before the president by a former Minister of Power, Prof. Nebo.

    According to Nebo, the rail links’ potential to boost Nigeria’s non-oil exports and economic growth could not be over-emphasised.

    While applauding the Tinubu administration for completing the Port Harcourt to Aba section of the Eastern rail line, Nebo appealed to the president to prioritise the completion of the remaining portions of the rail link.

    While responding to the requests, President Tinubu pledged his administration’s commitment to complete the Eastern Rail line connecting Port Harcourt to Maiduguri.

    He also pledged that his administration would support the development of the Anambra Basin as a significant energy reserve.

    He described the rail line as a work in progress, saying: “I inherited some of these critical problems and I am committed to solving them.

    “On the support of the gas infrastructure, he said gas is an alternative to petrol. There is no wasting of time than to invest more in it. We will do it together, and I am lucky I have good governors.”

    He pledged that the Federal Government would continue to support Enugu and other states in their development efforts.

    According to Maxwell Ngene, a Mass Communication scholar, Governor Mbah’s administration has created a secure and enabling environment in Enugu State by prioritising security, innovation and community engagement; a development that has made Enugu State an attractive destination for investors and tourists alike, fostering economic growth and improving the quality of life for its citizens.

    “The government’s resolve is evident in the improved security infrastructure, including upgraded police stations, strategically installed CCTV cameras and enhanced emergency response systems,” he said.

    Ngene, who stated that the presence of Mr. President will, no doubt, further strengthen the relationship between the state and the Federal Government, added that his words of commendation on those projects inspected and inaugurated will further boost the confidence of local and foreign investors in the state.

    “The impact of these initiatives has been profound, with a reduced crime rate leading to increased investment and significant growth in tourism. Enugu’s historic sites, cultural events and eco-tourism initiatives are attracting a wider audience, elevating the standard of living for residents and making Enugu a haven for local businesses and leisure.

    “The influx of investors into the state will be doubled up after Mr. President’s visit and that will surely translate to more employment generation, increased commercial and economic activities and more revenue for the state government,” he said.

  • How Niger fights corruption, saves public funds

    How Niger fights corruption, saves public funds

    • Detects 15,000 ghost workers

    For years, Niger State has grappled with a shadowy menace draining its coffers: ghost workers and pension fraud. From duplicated BVNs to multiple bank accounts under false identities, these schemes siphoned millions of naira meant for the welfare of the people. But the tide is turning. JUSTINA ASISHANA writes on how the state is uncovering corruption and saving billions using digital public infrastructure.

    The integration of digital public infrastructure (DPI) into Niger State governance system has become a beacon of hope in the fight against corruption and inefficiency.

    Before now, the state has experienced significant challenges in managing its payroll, with recurring cases of ghost workers, payroll fraud and pension irregularities which drain public resources.

    The discrepancies discovered include duplication of bank verification number (BVN), multiple bank accounts number of some members of staff, duplication of civil servant control and identification numbers as well as some names of members of staff appearing in payment vouchers but could not be found in the nominal roll with the office of the Head of Service.

    However, through the adoption of digital systems, these challenges are being systematically addressed, saving the state billions of naira thereby enhancing service delivery.

    Between 2019 and last year, about 15,000 ghost workers were detected in the Niger State civil service. The workers were usually discovered through committees set up by the state government to screen the workers. The detection became glaring when different names appeared for different banks but with the same BVN.

    Before the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) introduced the Bank Verification Number (BVN) on February 14, 2014, meant to identify individuals in the Nigerian banking system, the process of identifying individuals was always tedious as the screening was done physically. Then, any name that does not appear before the screening committee would be deemed to be a ghost worker.

    During a screening exercise by the state government in 2012, about 3,394 workers did not appear for screening; so they were regarded as ghost workers. Also the duplication of bank accounts was discovered when the same worker appeared under different names.

    Unveiling depth of corruption

    The extent of corruption in Niger State’s civil service became evident during various payroll verification exercises. In 2020, the Salary Management Committee discovered over 2,000 illegal workers on the government’s payroll.

    The committee revealed startling findings that indicated that some employees used duplicate Bank Verification Numbers (BVNs), multiple bank accounts and falsified credentials to draw salaries. These discrepancies cost the state over N672 million monthly, with fictitious allowances and salaries siphoning off funds meant for development projects.

    Not only were ghost workers found in the civil service, the government, in 2022, uncovered some ghost pensioners. The then Governor Abubakar Bello revealed that the state government saved over N200 million by uncovering ghost pensioners on its payroll. The government said that it had been trying to resolve the issue of ghost pensioners and other anomalies that have been on ground since 2015.

    Recognising the need for systemic change, Niger State turned to DPI as a transformative tool to eliminate inefficiencies. The introduction of biometric verification systems, BVN integration and automated personnel audits has revolutionised payroll management in the state.

    By digitising payroll processes, the system reduced manual handling and enabled real-time monitoring of employee records. Linking the payroll system with BVNs and biometric data has been particularly effective in eliminating ghost workers.

    In 2023, for instance, the government discovered 200 ghost workers on its payroll, saving over ₦200 million.

    Governor Muhammad Umar Bago’s administration has continued this drive, using technology to close loopholes and minimise financial leakages. The integration of DPI has ensured that only verified employees and pensioners receive payments, while discrepancies such as duplicated BVNs and unqualified personnel are promptly addressed.

    Saving public funds and improving efficiency

    The impact of DPI in Niger State extends beyond combating corruption; it has also improved the efficiency of service delivery. The state now spends less on payroll, freeing up resources for critical sectors such as healthcare, education and infrastructure.

    The State Commissioner for Finance, Malam Lawal Maikano, last year, explained that the government has succeeded in discovering ghost workers and ghost pensioners as a result of the technology implemented by the present administration to scrutinise the state civil service to ascertain the authenticity of number of the state workforce and pensioners.

    He said the Governor Muhammad Umar Bago administration is resolute in closing all loopholes and leakages for better results.

    “Subsequent to a verification exercise conducted by a committee set up by the Niger State Government, it was discovered that some of the civil servants collect double salaries while further investigations revealed that those whose names appeared in the payment vouchers are not in the nominal roll of the state government. Millions of naira was also traced to fictitious salary earners in the civil service.

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    “During the screening, we discovered different serial numbers with the same BVN, repeated names with different bank accounts and fictitious allowances and salaries. However, through the adoption of digital systems, these challenges are being systematically addressed, saving the state billions of naira and enhancing service delivery,” Maikano said.

    Continuing, he said the government has also introduced digital tools to streamline pension management. The “I’m Alive” biometric verification exercise for pensioners, launched this year, ensures that only eligible retirees receive pensions.

    For the “I’M ALIVE” verification exercise, the Director-General of the state Pension Board said that all the retirees have to do is to go to any commercial bank of their choice in the country, “just walk in and tell them you want to be captured for biometric capturing and thumb printing for the “I’M ALIVE” verification and you will be captured and a slip will be given to you as a prove.”

    For any pensioner who refused to be captured would not be paid his/her monthly pension, the D-G said. This initiative not only curbs fraudulent claims but also addresses anomalies in pension payments such as overpayments and underpayments.

    The Director-General of the Board, Malam Nasiru Saidu Namaska told The Nation that the state Pension Board has digitised all its processes to make them easy and streamline them to eradicate corruption.

    “Niger has digitised each and every process in the pension board, not only the verification of pensioners. Now, even the computation of retirement benefits has been digitised and automated. So, you can see that everything about the pension board is being automated. Even the payroll has been generated by the digitised system and also the Niger State Pension Administration System (NPAS).

    “We now have the biometric of every retiree in the state and their address and anything you can think of. We have their facials, their account details and their BVNs,” he said.

    Namaska said that payments have begun for everyone who has been captured, disclosing that during the screening of the pensioners, those who are not genuine pensioners are not captured on our database.

    He further stated that some of the pensioners have died but their relatives have refused to inform the Pension Board as they want to continue to receive the monthly pension, even as he added that the “I’m Alive” verification will verify who is alive or dead. The digital system has helped the government to save some money. It has reduced the monthly pension liability of the government.

    According to the D-G, a lot of people do not turn up for the screening as some of the next of kin of the dead pensioners believe that if they do not appear, they will keep receiving the money paid as pension because they have access to the ATM cards and phone numbers of the dead pensioners.

    “So, because of their non-appearance, we have to stop the payment of their monthly pensions. We have now opened a new portal for verification of those who are dead. We have asked them to come forward and officially write an application for conversion from retirement to dead gratuity and we have criteria. They are to bring certain documents which will enable the board to know when the retirees die, how long the relatives have been collecting the monthly pension up to the day that they appear for the verification exercise.

    “The documents required include the statement of account of the retiree, death certificate; letter of first appointment and notification of retirement. We are not asking for BVN because it is not possible to have access to BVN of somebody that has died,” he said.

    Challenges and opportunities

     Despite these successes, the transition to DPI has not been without some challenges. One of such challenges is data discrepancies due to inconsistent data entry, resistance from stakeholders accustomed to opaque systems and unwilling to transit to a transparent system.

    In addition, the lack of integration with national identification systems such as the National Identification Number (NIN) limits the full potential of the DPI.

    Nevertheless, the potential benefits of scaling up digital solutions are immense. For every ghost worker or pensioner eliminated, the government saves approximately N1 million annually. Expanding the use of DPI across all sectors could save trillions of naira over time, fostering sustainable development and boosting public confidence in governance.

    A vision for the future

    Niger State’s experience demonstrates the transformative power of digital public infrastructure in fostering transparency, reducing corruption and improving efficiency. By leveraging technology, the state is setting a precedent for other regions to follow.

    For Niger State, the journey towards a corruption-free and efficient civil service is far from over, but the foundation laid by the DPI offers a promising path forward.

    In the words of Engineer Ibrahim Panti, the Chairman of the Salary Management Committee in 2022, “With digital systems in place, we are not just saving money; we are restoring public trust and ensuring that government resources are used for the benefit of the people.”

    • This report is produced under the DPI Africa Journalism Fellowship Programme of the Media Foundation for West Africa and Co-Develop.
  • U.S. exit from WHO may put global health, Africa at risk

    U.S. exit from WHO may put global health, Africa at risk

    What happens to global health now that the biggest player has left the game? That’s the question Africa must grapple with as the newly inaugurated U.S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order to withdraw the United States’ membership in the World Health Organisation (WHO) on his first day in office. The stakes are enormous, not just for global health but particularly for Africa, where the WHO has been a lifeline in combating diseases, strengthening health systems and responding to emergencies. CHINYERE OKOROAFOR reports.

    The decision by the United States President, Donald Trump to withdraw the United States from the World Health Organisation (WHO) on his first day in office is rooted in long-standing grievances with the global health body.

    The move, formalised through an Executive Order, represents a dramatic shift in U.S. foreign and health policy, with potentially far-reaching consequences for global health systems and U.S. interests alike.

    The Trump administration has repeatedly criticised the WHO for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly during its early stages.

    Trump alleged that the organisation failed to act decisively in containing the outbreak in Wuhan, China, and accused it of being overly influenced by Chinese authorities.

    These allegations were first made during his initial presidency in 2020, when he attempted a similar withdrawal, citing the WHO’s alleged failure to hold China accountable for its role in the global spread of COVID-19.

    In July 2020, Trump formally notified the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres of his plan to pull the U.S. out of the WHO.

    He also suspended funding to the organisation, claiming it had “colluded” with China to downplay the severity of the coronavirus outbreak in its early stages.

    According to Trump, the WHO supported China in misleading the world about the origins of the virus, which he alleged may have emerged from a laboratory in Wuhan.

    Trump’s successor, President Joe Biden, reversed this decision on his first day in office in January 2021. Biden not only restored U.S. membership in the WHO but also reinstated funding and pledged support for the organisation’s initiatives, such as combating COVID-19 and strengthening health systems globally. The reinstatement marked a renewed commitment to global health cooperation after Trump’s controversial withdrawal attempt.

    However, Trump has made it clear that, if given a second term, he would pursue his agenda to “take on the corruption” at the WHO. During a campaign rally in September, Trump criticised the organisation and other public health institutions, accusing them of being influenced by corporate power and dominated by China.

    The WHO, on its part, has consistently denied Trump’s allegations of collusion with China. It has also emphasised its ongoing efforts to press Beijing to share more data to determine whether COVID-19 originated from human contact with infected animals or as a result of research on similar viruses in a Chinese laboratory.

    The organisation has maintained that its mission is to coordinate global health efforts and has pushed for transparency in understanding the origins of the pandemic.

    In his recent executive order, Trump reiterated these concerns, describing the WHO as ineffective and biased.

    He accused the organisation of mismanagement, particularly during critical global health emergencies, and criticised its vulnerability to political influence from member states such as China. During the announcement, he stated, “World Health (Organisation) ripped us off,” highlighting his administration’s belief that the U.S. has been unfairly burdened as the organisation’s largest financial contributor.

    A major point of contention for the U.S. has been its financial contributions to the WHO. Historically, the U.S. has been the organisation’s largest donor, accounting for roughly 18 per cent of its budget.

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    However, the Trump administration has described these contributions as disproportionately high compared to those of other member states, particularly China. Trump and his advisers have argued that the U.S. has not received adequate value for its investments, with the president labeling the payments as “onerous” and unfair.

    The administration also criticised the WHO for its perceived failure to implement necessary reforms. Despite repeated calls for transparency, efficiency, and improved governance within the organisation, Trump argued that little had been done to address these issues. His decision to withdraw reflects frustration with what he described as the WHO’s unwillingness or inability to adapt to evolving global health challenges.

    Experts’ view on implications of the withdrawal

    The United States’ decision to withdraw from the World Health Organisation (WHO) has sparked alarm among global health experts, who say the move will harm both international health efforts and America’s own interests.

    The withdrawal goes beyond a financial dispute, reflecting a deeper skepticism within the Trump administration about multilateral organisations and global health initiatives.

    Experts warn that this decision could isolate the U.S. from key international health networks vital for fighting diseases and responding to pandemics.

    A professor of global health law at Georgetown University, Dr. Lawrence Gostin called the move “a deep wound to the WHO, to health globally, but an even more grievous wound to the U.S. national interest.”

    He argued that it would leave U.S. agencies such as the Centre for Desease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) “flying blind,” unable to effectively respond to global health challenges. His remarks highlight concerns about how this withdrawal weakens the U.S.’s role in global health leadership.

    The U.S. has been the largest contributor to the WHO, providing between $160 million and $815 million annually to support essential programmes.

    These include efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, which are critical to improving health outcomes worldwide.

    Experts worry that pulling this funding could reverse years of progress in global health, particularly in developing regions like Africa, where the WHO plays a crucial role in disease control and emergency response.

    More troublingly, the U.S. withdrawal risks severing access to essential global health data and collaborative networks that are crucial for monitoring outbreaks and coordinating responses.

    This lack of access could leave the U.S. vulnerable to future health crises. “By isolating itself from the WHO, the U.S. will be blind to the early warning systems that help track and contain emerging threats,” warned Dr. Tom Frieden, former director of the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

    Experts also caution that this decision creates an opportunity for other countries, particularly China, to fill the void left by the U.S. in the WHO.

    Dr. Gostin added: “China’s growing influence within the WHO could reshape global health policies in ways that may not align with U.S. priorities.”

    In a chat with the National President, Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN), and an expert in Infectious Disease/Public Health, Dr. Casmir Ifeanyi said the executive order came when the WHO’s leadership is most needed to address global health challenges.

    He said: “It’s surprising that this will be the first gift to the world. I consider it a negative gift because a disease in one part of the world is a disease everywhere. We now live in a much globalised village. If there’s a public health compromise in Congo, expect it to hit the U.S. in less than 48 hours.” This interconnectedness underscores the need for sustained funding and collaboration to address pandemics and other health crises.

    Furthermore, Trump’s motivation for the executive order aligns with his administration’s broader foreign policy approach, which emphasises “America First” priorities. Part of this strategy involves replacing multilateral agreements and partnerships with bilateral arrangements that the U.S. perceives as more favorable to its interests.

    The order includes provisions to review, rescind, and replace the 2024 U.S. Global Health Security Strategy, signaling an intention to chart a new course for U.S. involvement in global health.

     WHO response to the withdrawal

     The WHO expressed its regret over the United States’ decision to withdraw from the organization.

    In a statement, the WHO emphasised its critical role in global health and underscored the importance of the U.S.’s contributions over the years.

    “WHO plays a crucial role in protecting the health and security of the world’s people, including Americans,” the statement read. “We address the root causes of disease, build stronger health systems, and detect, prevent, and respond to health emergencies, including disease outbreaks, often in dangerous places where others cannot go.”

    The organisation highlighted that the United States has been a key player in its history. The U.S. was a founding member of the WHO in 1948 and has since played a vital role in shaping the organisation’s policies and programmes through active participation in the World Health Assembly and the Executive Board, alongside 193 other member states.

    “For over seven decades, WHO and the USA have saved countless lives and protected Americans and all people from health threats. Together, we ended smallpox, and together we have brought polio to the brink of eradication,” the statement continued. “American institutions have contributed to and benefited from membership of WHO.”

    The WHO also pointed out that, with the collaboration of the U.S. and other member states, it has implemented significant reforms over the past seven years. These reforms aim to improve accountability, cost-effectiveness, and the organisation’s impact in countries worldwide.

    The statement ended on a hopeful note: “We hope the United States will reconsider, and we look forward to engaging in constructive dialogue to maintain the partnership between the USA and WHO, for the benefit of the health and well-being of millions of people around the globe.”

    What does WHO do?

     The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a specialised health agency of the United Nations (UN) that plays a central role in addressing global health challenges.

    The WHO itself on its X page recently highlighted the importance of its work, stating that for every $1 invested, the organisation delivers $35 in benefits, saving lives and strengthening health systems around the world.

    Established in 1948, its mandate is to coordinate international efforts to combat health threats, provide technical assistance to countries, and promote public health worldwide.

    The WHO is often at the forefront of the global response to major health crises, such as outbreaks of diseases like Mpox, Ebola, and polio.

     It provides guidance and technical expertise to countries, particularly those with limited resources, to help manage and contain such outbreaks.

    Additionally, the organisation is instrumental in distributing vaccines, medical supplies, and treatments to vulnerable populations.

    Beyond emergency response, the WHO sets global health standards and guidelines. These range from recommendations on handling specific diseases to protocols for managing broader health issues such as mental health, nutrition, and chronic conditions like cancer. By doing so, the WHO helps ensure consistency and best practices in healthcare systems across the globe.

    One of its key responsibilities is monitoring the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and treatments. This includes evaluating new medical technologies and ensuring they are accessible to populations in need. For instance, the WHO played a significant role in coordinating vaccine distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring equitable access to life-saving doses worldwide.

    While the WHO provides essential advice and recommendations, it does not have the authority to enforce actions by member countries. Instead, it relies on collaboration and consensus among its 194 member states to implement health initiatives and respond to crises.

    The WHO has been instrumental in Africa’s fight against major health challenges. From combating infectious diseases to improving maternal and child health, the organisation plays a key role in providing funding, technical expertise, and coordination. For many African countries, especially low-income ones, the WHO is not just a partner; it is a critical support system.

    Without funding, the WHO’s ability to operate effectively in the region could be severely weakened.

    WHO’s programmes that Africa benefits from

    The WHO has supported several specific programs in Africa beyond HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and polio. One significant initiative is malaria control, where the WHO has coordinated efforts such as distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, spraying indoor insecticides, and providing antimalarial drugs. U.S. funding has also facilitated the development of new malaria vaccines.

    In maternal and child health, WHO’s programmes focus on improving prenatal and postnatal care, increasing access to skilled birth attendants, and enhancing vaccination coverage. U.S. contributions have been pivotal in supporting family planning and newborn health services through the Global Health Initiative.

    WHO has played a crucial role in Ebola preparedness and response, especially during the 2014–2016 outbreaks in West Africa and subsequent epidemics. U.S. funding enabled rapid medical responses, including deploying treatment teams, establishing treatment centers, and providing vaccines.

    In terms of health systems strengthening, the WHO has supported the development of healthcare infrastructure, training healthcare workers, and improving disease surveillance across Africa. U.S. funding has been essential in enhancing the capacity of health systems to manage public health emergencies.

    WHO’s immunisation programmes have significantly increased vaccination coverage across the continent, with U.S. funds supporting campaigns to vaccinate against measles, rotavirus, hepatitis B, and meningitis. These programmes have been crucial in preventing outbreaks and saving lives.

    Nutrition programs funded by the U.S. have helped address malnutrition, focusing on maternal and child nutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and promoting breastfeeding. These efforts have played a key role in reducing stunting and wasting.

    Finally, WHO has provided mental health support by increasing awareness, reducing stigma, and improving access to services, especially in conflict-affected regions. U.S. funding has been critical in expanding mental health services in areas with high levels of poverty and displacement.

    Implications for Africa

    Trump’s decision also threatens the operations of the African Centre for Disease Control (CDC), which has largely relied on U.S. funding to build capacity and manage health crises on the Continent.

    Dr Ifeanyi pointed out that “the African CDC had largely depended again on funding coming from the United States.”

    He questioned why the 54 African countries have not been able to fully fund the centre themselves, stressing that the U.S. withdrawal should serve as a wake-up call for regional collaboration and self-reliance.

    Without adequate funding, the African CDC could struggle to respond effectively to health emergencies. He warned that “nations of the world, continents, need to respond positively to this exit of the United States from funding the WHO,” emphasising that Africa, in particular, needs to strengthen its financial commitments to public health.

    Dr Ifeanyi urged global leaders to re-engage the United States in reconsidering its withdrawal from WHO funding, adding that “the entire world will need to look again at this executive order and, probably through the United Nations, begin to re engage with the United States to rethink this particular policy.”

    With diseases knowing no boundaries, Dr Ifeanyi called for renewed international cooperation to fill the funding gap and strengthen global health systems. “Nobody is spared because diseases do not know boundaries,” he said, urging immediate and collective action to mitigate the impact of this decision.

    He also called for a proactive response from other nations and regional bodies, saying, “It’s important that nations of the world, continents, begin to respond positively to this exit of the United States.”

    He emphasised the critical role of the WHO as “the backbone of healthcare provisioning, of the health system, or public health containment globally.”

    Without doubt, the consequences for Africa could be profound, especially as the continent continues its efforts to combat major diseases such as polio, malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.

    These initiatives have heavily relied on U.S. funding, which makes up a significant portion of the WHO’s budget. The withdrawal of this support would leave a major gap, potentially undoing years of progress and severely hindering the continent’s ability to address public health challenges.

    For instance, Africa was declared free of wild poliovirus in 2020, marking a monumental achievement in global health. However, the fight against polio is not over, and continuous funding is necessary to ensure the virus does not resurface.

    U.S. contributions have been pivotal in maintaining vaccination campaigns and surveillance systems. Without these funds, efforts to keep polio at bay could face serious setbacks, leaving Africa including Nigeria vulnerable to resurgence.

    Similarly, WHO’s programmes for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis treatment, which have saved countless lives, depend heavily on U.S. financial support. A withdrawal would disrupt access to life-saving medications and prevention programmes, leading to devastating consequences for millions of Africans living with these diseases.

  • NDDC stakeholders and the imperatives of Borikiri-Okrika Bridge

    NDDC stakeholders and the imperatives of Borikiri-Okrika Bridge

    When the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) was established by the Obasanjo administration on June 5, 2000, it was aimed at improving enhancing economic development using the region’s resources to create economic prosperity, social stability and improve the social well-being of the people. It also aimed at protecting the region’s environment as well as addressing ecological issues and preserving the region’s natural resources, among others. However, 25 years after, the Commission has not been able to meet most of these laudable goals due to certain factors which a stakeholders’ forum in Port Harcourt, Rivers State capital, tries to address. Associate Editor ADEKUNLE YUSUF reports

    In keeping with the policy of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration, which stresses the need to engage stakeholders to bolster development, the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) has continued to engage critical stakeholders to drive the development process in the region.

    In one such engagement, the Commission organised a Stakeholders’ Interactive Forum on the Borikiri-Okrika Bridge project in Port Harcourt, the Rivers State capital.

    The NDDC Executive Director of Finance and Administration, Alabo Boma Iyaye, appealed to stakeholders in the Niger Delta region to unite, shun politics and support the efforts of the Commission to develop Niger Delta communities.

    He stressed the need for them to work in harmony with development agencies for the well-being of the people.

    Iyaye said that the bridge project represented a significant initiative that would drive progress in Rivers State, noting that Borokiri and Okrika serve as crucial hubs in the oil and gas industry and play vital roles in the economic advancement of the Niger Delta region in particular and Nigeria in general.

    He emphasised that people’s needs should precede political considerations and that development thrives in a peaceful environment.

    Iyaye observed that the 3.65-kilometre Okrika-Borokiri Road with three bridges, which will connect Kolabi, Abotoru and Okpoka creeks to Port Harcourt, would provide many benefits to the people, as it would connect several communities to the Rivers State capital.

    He said that when completed, the road would reduce traffic congestion on the refinery axis of the East-West Road, even as it will provide an alternate route to Okrika.

    The road would also significantly impact the communities by connecting Okrika Island to Port Harcourt, potentially boosting local trade, reducing travel time and improving access to services for residents.

    “For us to succeed, we need everybody’s cooperation. We need the cooperation of the traditional institutions, the state governments and the youth,” he said.

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    Continuing, Iyaye said: “Although this project was awarded in 2012, it has faced delays for various reasons. Upon the inauguration of the current NDDC Board, we prioritised completing this significant project, viewing it as a legacy initiative alongside the Kaa-Ataba Bridge linking Khana and Andoni local government areas in Rivers State.”

    He told the stakeholders that the Kaa-Ataba Bridge project was progressing satisfactorily, noting that the contractors handling the project had assured that cars would be able to pass through it before the end of the year.

    The Executive Director observed that some NDDC key projects were delayed because the Commission did not have an approved budget for the past four years.

    “However, the President recognised the need for funding and approved the 2024 NDDC budget, which now includes financial provisions for this legacy project.

    “Before proceeding with the project, we felt it was necessary to hold this interactive session, which is essential for fostering cooperation and creating a supportive environment for the contractors to ensure timely completion,” he said.

    Iyaye called on the benefiting communities to cooperate with the contractors handling the projects.

    Iyaye said: “For us in the Commission, we believe this project must be completed. This project was started by other successive administrations of the NDDC in 2012. Unfortunately, the project was stalled for many years.

    “By the grace of God, upon the coming of President Tinubu, the project is now part and parcel of the 2024 NDDC budget. Therefore, now is the right time to start this project.

    “So, we felt that we cannot just restate this project without watering the ground. It will be unfair for the owners to suddenly see contractors on site without speaking to them. That is why we organised this interactive forum. With this, you will be aware that this project is coming back and be prepared to give the contractor the necessary cooperation to ensure that the project is completed in record time.”

    The Amayanabo of Kirike Kingdom, Okrika, King Tamuno-Omisiki Opuiyo thanked the NDDC for organising the stakeholders’ engagement and assured that the communities in his domain would cooperate with the Commission to ensure the project’s timely completion.

    He noted: “We should not allow our political differences to hinder development. We assure NDDC of our support and appeal to the Commission to engage a reliable and capable contractor to handle the projects.”

    In a similar manner, the Amanyanabo of Bolo Kingdom, King Micah Acheseinimie Frank, advised the people of the Niger Delta to desist from mixing politics with development, stating: “We will ensure that this project is executed to the letter.”

    The traditional ruler also urged the NDDC to expedite action on some stalled projects in his kingdom, adding that on completion, the projects would enhance economic and human capital development in the area.

    The representative of Okrika in the Rivers State House of Assembly, Linda Somiari thanked President Tinubu for renewing the Okrika people’s hope by supporting the NDDC in delivering on its mandate.

    The lawmaker observed that things were beginning to change in the way NDDC was tackling the development challenges in the Niger Delta region, noting that the Commission’s consultative approach to management was commendable.

    She said: “We commend the NDDC for initiating a fresh era in the region. We urge you to sustain this laudable effort.”

    Sampson Parker, a former Commissioner for Health in Rivers State, who spoke on behalf of other stakeholders, thanked President Tinubu and the NDDC for reviving the Okrika-Borikiri Bridge project.

    He said: “The bridge project represents a vision that will act as a catalyst for the socio-economic revitalisation of the communities. Let’s support President Tinubu’s Renewed Hope initiative, which the NDDC, under Samuel Ogbuku’s leadership, is actively working to implement.”

    The Niger Delta stakeholders have since resolved that the best option for facilitating regional development is for all concerned parties to work together as partners.

    It is not surprising; therefore, that one of the cardinal policies of President Tinubu’s administration is stakeholders’ engagement. This policy thrust has spurred the NDDC to step up its efforts in collaborating with various stakeholders, including the state governments, to end the era of project duplication and enhance the harmonious relationship among the development partners.

    To make things happen as quickly as expected, development agencies, such as the oil companies, the federal, state, and local governments, the Ministry of Regional Development and the NDDC must collaborate at different levels to drive the development process.

    The socio-economic transformation of the Niger Delta region is too complex to be left for only one or two agencies of development. Undoing the damages wrought by decades of neglect and injustice requires partnership and synergy. The NDDC Act recognises this fact and has defined the NDDC as a facilitator for the development process that involves a combination of all relevant regional stakeholders.

    Acknowledging this inclusive strategy, the NDDC organised a Niger Delta Stakeholders’ Summit in July 2024 to articulate new strategies for driving the development of the Niger Delta region.

     After the historic summit, the Commission had been meeting with various groups, including youth bodies, women organisations, the traditional institution and professional bodies.

    The NDDC long recognised the need for a coordinated response to the challenges of the oil-rich region, which informed the establishment of a clearing house called the Partners for Sustainable Development (PSD) Forum.

    This important organ brings together representatives of federal and state governments of oil-bearing states, youth and women leaders, traditional rulers, the organised private sector, civil society, the mass media and international development agencies such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank. The PSD Forum has remained a platform for ensuring that the developmental activities across agencies and project providers in the Niger Delta are synchronised.

  • Fierce competition for Nigeria’s $9.54b e-commerce market

    Fierce competition for Nigeria’s $9.54b e-commerce market

    Nigeria’s e-commerce market is estimated at $9.54 billion this year, and is expected to hit $16.68 billion by 2030, according to market intelligence and advisory firm Mordor Intelligence. Also encouraged by projection that by 2026, 13 per cent of Nigeria’s total sales will be transacted online, as well as the country’s increasing Internet penetration and ubiquitous smartphone usage, an avalanche of e-commerce platforms or online marketplaces, both old and new, are jostling for a share of this huge market. They are dangling innovative, secure, convenient and efficient transactions to woo customers. Assistant Editor CHIKODI OKEREOCHA reports that business owners in diverse sectors are leveraging the rise of e-commerce platforms to drive growth and profitability.

    For businesses across sectors still struggling to recover from the formidable economic and policy headwinds that stymied their growth and profitability in 2024, Nigeria’s burgeoning e-commerce space offers a vista of opportunity to bounce back this year.

    This is on the strength of a number of heart-warming economic indicators, particularly in Nigeria’s flourishing digital ecosystem, where the increasing Internet access and smartphone usage have pushed immense possibilities to the hands of more Nigerians, allowing them connect to online platforms and engage in various e-commerce activities.

    For instance, a steady uptick in mobile subscriptions has seen GSM services alone accounting for 134.27 million subscribers in October 2024, according to data from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). The resurgence in mobile subscriptions also triggered a significant rise in Internet usage, with its subscriptions reaching 134.78 million in October 2024.

    This figure, which represents a 1.88 million growth from the 132.9 million subscribers recorded in September 2024, is also poised to grow steadily, as smartphone adoption is estimated to reach 140 million this year.

    The fact is that Nigeria’s growing internet access and smartphone usage spurred the adoption of digital payment solutions, making it easier for Nigerians to make online transactions. This, in turn, fueled the growth of e-commerce business, as people now have convenient and secure ways to purchase goods and services and pay online.

    As a result, online shopping has gained popularity, with motley e-commerce platforms lining up to fill that niche, encouraged by payments technology and solutions company Worldpay’s projection that by 2026, 13 per cent of Nigeria’s total sales will be transacted online, facilitated by electronic systems.

    As if this projection, including forecast that consumer spending in Nigeria, driven by population growth and a growing middle class, is expected to hit $1 trillion this year are not enough to spur a number of old and new e-commerce platforms or online marketplaces to launch a campaign for the soul of Nigeria’s vibrant e-commerce industry, hopes of grabbing a chunk of Nigeria e-commerce market which is estimated at $9.54 billion in 2025 appear to have pushed them into an overdrive, literally.

    Some of the notable e-commerce platforms now eyeing Nigeria’s $9.54 billion e-commerce market which, according to market intelligence and advisory firm Mordor Intelligence, is expected to reach $16.68 billion by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.82 per cent, are Jiji, Jumia, Konga, and Cars45, among others.

    They have also been joined by latest entrants such as GiriToday, Zandaux, Kilimall, Ekoartmarket.com, among others, to offer businesses robust platforms to leverage to achieve significant growth, overcome challenges, and stay competitive in the digital world.

    Essentially, these online marketplaces or e-commerce platforms now jostling for market dominance provide an invaluable platform for businesses to showcase their products and services. They not only offer a space for listing items, but also come equipped with various tools that help businesses optimise their listings, engage with customers, and track performance.

    These result in a more streamlined and effective sales process that drives growth and improves customer satisfaction.

    GiriToday joins the fray

    Barring any last minute changes, GiriToday, a new kid on Africa’s e-commerce block, will go live in February. This home-grown, revolutionary e-commerce platform designed to connect Nigeria and other African sellers with buyers around the globe in real time was developed by two Nigerian tech entrepreneurs, Wale Ayantoye and Ola John Ajiboye, with a commitment to shaping the future of global trade—where Africa is at the centre–sharing its heart with the world.

    Apparently aware that many e-commerce platforms charge significant amounts for listings, transactions, and promotions, which could pose a challenge for small businesses and individual customers, GiriToday, which was virtually unveiled towards the end of last year, stormed the market without intermediaries and listing fees.

    “We understand what people are looking for in Africa…Our goal is to give people the opportunity to list their products free of charge and connect with global buyers,” Founder/CEO, Ayantoye, said.

    Ayantoye, who was former Global Head of Product Compliance and Risk Management at Flutterwave, at a Webinar where the brand was unveiled, pointed out that GiriToday app eliminates barriers that have historically limited Nigeria and African entrepreneurs.

    He said this was why, unlike traditional e-commerce platforms, it allows sellers to list products for free. He said by eliminating intermediaries and listing fees, GiriToday ensures transparency in pricing, enabling artisans to focus on their craft while accessing a wider audience.

    “We are helping African entrepreneurs overcome the logistical and financial hurdles of going global. GiriToday is about empowering African artisans and entrepreneurs. With this platform, sellers from Lagos and Accra can directly connect with buyers in the U.S., Canada, or Europe, earning fairly and on time,” Ayantoye emphasised, at the Webinar attended by The Nation.

    He noted that with a focus on speed, efficiency and authenticity, “we are bridging the gap between emerging African markets and the global digital economy, promoting both trade and the responsible growth of cross-border commerce.”

    One of GiriToday’s compelling propositions, which it hopes to latch on to upstage some of the existing e-commerce platforms, accordingly to Ayantoye, is the fact that it leverages cutting-edge technology by integrating the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning to provide seamless, fast, secure and efficient trading experience for buyers and sellers.

    For sellers, the platform offers the opportunity to showcase their creativity, reach buyers around the globe, and expand their reach and grow their business by showcasing their products to a global audience. This translates into streamlined customer acquisition and a higher return on investment.

    Co-founder of GiriToday, Ajiboye, also emphasised that “this platform isn’t just a marketplace. It’s a culturally rich hub that brings Africa’s unique heritage to the world. From custom-tailored clothing to handcrafted goods, buyers can interact with artisans in an entirely new way, supported by features like body imaging and virtual reality.”

    While noting that the platform’s commitment to creating authentic experiences, he said irrespective of where one is, “GiriToday brings Africa to you, making it easy to discover and purchase authentic African products and experience the beauty of African culture.”

    Jiji, Cars45 move to consolidate market dominance

    Although, GiriToday appears poised to emerge the fastest-growing online marketplace connecting Africa to the world, the achievement of its ambition may not be a stroll in the park. This is because the incumbent e-commerce platforms are also determined to give it a run for its investment in technology and innovation.

    For instance, online marketplace Jiji Nigeria is leaving nothing to chance in its quest to remain Nigeria’s top choice for online transactions, encouraged by its focus on security and a user-friendly experience. The Regional Head of PR and Marketing, Jiji Africa, Majolie Obaje said Jiji has, over the years, leveraged its massive investments in technological solutions to make buying and selling seamless, without an intermediary.

    Majolie told The Nation that Jiji has successfully taken out the middleman challenge that other platforms are unable to deal with. “When you sell on the Jiji platform, you are interacting directly with the customer or the vendor. That makes us stand out as the first and only classifieds e-commerce platform operating in Nigeria,” she said, pointing out that the dislodgement of middlemen takes away all the hassles and difficulties within the value chain of buying and selling, even for entrepreneurs and small business owners.

    That’s not all. Jiji, according to Majolie, has also successfully reduced issues of scam to less than one per cent.

    “This is huge because when Jiji took over the online marketplace, it was riddled with scams. It was alarming. But over the years, we have been leveraging technological solutions. By investing heavily in this, we have been able to reduce scam rate on our platform to less than one per cent,” she said.

    The Jiji Africa Head of PR and Marketing added that the platform is not just stopping there, as it is constantly coming up with initiatives that help it educate its users on how to stay safe.

    “We have also launched initiatives that have impacted over 200, 000 small businesses, not just in Nigeria but every other African country where we are currently present.

    “These and more definitely have brought us to this position of an industry leader. They have also made us stand out in comparison with our competitors,” she told The Nation.

    With over 12 million monthly visitors, including its significant contribution to economic empowerment by promoting employment through initiatives such as the Youth Job Fair in partnership with the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment, Majolie insisted that Jiji has positioned itself as a leader in the classified sector within Nigeria’s e-commerce business and expanding to over eight countries in Africa.

    Cars45, a technology-enabled automotive trading platform, is also not folding its arms in the face of the fierce competition in the market. The company’s Head, Technical Operations, Damilola Ojurongbe, told The Nation that the platform’s dedication to streamlining customers’ car buying and selling process in Nigeria has positioned it as a reliable and trusted partner in the auto industry.

    Focused on addressing key challenges faced by car buyers, sellers, and dealers alike, Cars45 offers a comprehensive range of services, including access to a wide selection of pre-inspected and verified vehicles, detailed inspection reports, and document verification processes to ensure authenticity and peace of mind for its customers.

    While these attributes earned it the ‘Online Car Selling and Buying Platform of the Year’ award at the Nigeria Technology Awards (NiTA) held last month, Ojurongbe said this has propelled the automotive trading platform to test new ideas and solutions to consolidate its dominant position in the market.

    Jumia, Konga, other platforms also

    With the competition in the e-commerce landscape getting fiercer and consumer expectations continue to evolve; pan-African e-commerce platform Jumia Nigeria has been unrelenting in its resolve to call the shot in the e-business landscape. Accordingly, Jumia, since its inception, has been at the forefront of innovation, continuously striving to enhance the shopping experience for millions of its customers across Nigeria and beyond.

    In an industry marked by rapid evolution and ever-changing consumer preferences, experts say that staying ahead requires more than just ingenuity – it demands collaboration. Jumia is fully aware of this hence its route to market leadership is through forging strategic partnerships with a diverse array of stakeholders ranging from local businesses to global brands that amplify strengths, drive sustainable growth, and address consumers’ needs.

    Already, Jumia’s partnerships with some of the leading manufacturers and brands such as Adidas, Infinix, Oraimo, Binatone, Haier Thermocool, Diageo and Nivea are said to have not only expanded its product offerings, but also enriched its ecosystem, offering customers unparalleled choice and convenience.

    These partner brands have official stores on Jumia where consumers can get easy access to their favourite products, and the brands offer special promotions to reward their consumers for their loyalty.

    Founded in 2012 by Jeremy Hodara and Sacha Poignonnec, Jumia has never hidden its commitment to leveraging the potential of e-commerce to address retail challenges in Africa. Its growth, over the years, has been driven by strategic partnerships, investments in technology, and a commitment to supporting local entrepreneurs and businesses seeking an online presence.

    The company also boasts robust solutions to overcome infrastructural challenges, such as limited internet connectivity and logistics issues, ensuring efficient delivery and customer satisfaction. Its user-friendly interface and strategic partnerships have also transformed it into a trusted and preferred online marketplace in Nigeria and beyond.

    Konga charges on

    E-commerce and retail store chain Konga is no less a force to reckon with in the increasing competition in the industry. The company has stepped up its efforts to provide the perfect blend of physical and online shopping options to Nigerian consumers, after it came under new ownership in 2018.

    “Our vision is to be the engine of commerce in Africa, and in five years we aim to be in 10 countries,” Konga Co-CEO Nnamdi Ekeh had declared.

    Since then, the e-commerce giant has managed to carve a niche for itself, utilising the dynamics of the online retail market industry to drive the value-chain delivery on purchases. It has also grown the operation of its delivery subsidiary Kxpress, a unit which manages 95 per cent of Konga orders and transports orders via trucks, vans and motorcycles.

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    Zandaux, a Business 2 Business (B2B) platform, which hit the market in February last year, has also expanded its reach by launching an e-commerce marketplace in Nigeria and Kenya. With its “one Africa, one market” mantra, Zandaux has been empowering businesses and merchants from diverse sectors to reach customers across the continent.

    There are also PayPorte, renowned for its fashion and lifestyle products, and has also gained popularity in recent years; Kilimall, which offers a diverse selection of products, including electronics, fashion, and home appliances; ekoartmarket.com, an e-commerce platform to globalize African art. Unveiled in June 2024 by Nigerian start-up GBLagos Art and Lifestyle, this platform seeks to democratise African art and uplift local artisans.

    How online marketplaces are transforming businesses

    For the Managing Director of Befitting Properties, a premium real estate firm in Lagos, Tope Samuel, the proliferation of online marketplaces in Nigeria has been nothing short of transformative.

    He said, for instance, that real estate transactions, which, traditionally, have been heavily dependent on local networks and word-of-mouth referrals, are now able to tap into a much broader audience, including international buyers and investors.

    Samuel revealed that Befitting Properties has been able to close some of its biggest transactions to-date on e-commerce platform Jiji, including a premium property worth close to a billion naira in Banana Island, Lagos.

    “Jiji’s wide reach, user-friendly interface, and the ability to directly connect with serious clients made it our preferred platform,” he told The Nation, noting that the success of Befitting Properties showcases the power of online marketplaces in helping sellers in real estate overcome traditional barriers.

    Samuel said being active on Jiji has enhanced his company’s reputation as a trusted and reliable real estate company, noting that with over 1,000 positive feedbacks from customers through the platform in five years, Jiji has been crucial to its success.

    “We can say on the average that over 90 per cent of our customers are satisfied and this has solidified our relationships with them, increased word of mouth awareness and referrals for our business,” Samuel affirmed.

    He added that the platform’s credibility, as well as the business’ consistent and professional interactions with clients has significantly boosted Befitting Properties’ business.

    Samuel explained that when operators in real estate business advertise their properties online, such businesses can showcase high-value listings to a diverse audience, which in turn, increases the likelihood of finding the right buyer.

    Similarly, De-Supreme Property, another real estate business, said it owes its growth to its strategic decision to embrace online marketplaces. Its CEO Abati Idowu Waheed said the business, which faced the challenge of limited marketing budgets when it starting out, gradually scaled its marketing efforts when it began exploring the affordable ad packages that Jiji offers.

    “When I started my business in 2020, I had nothing. Jiji helped me begin with small ads on their platform and over time, I was able to increase my investment as my business expanded,” Waheed told The Nation, noting that this flexible approach allowed the business to grow steadily, even during economic downturns.

    The automotive sector has also seen substantial growth through online marketplaces, with platforms like Jiji, Car Mart and Cars45 offering a unique opportunity to reach customers who’re actively searching for vehicles online.

    In a market where consumers’ behaviour is largely influenced by online research and comparisons, dealers now lean on some of these online marketplaces for selling and buying cars.

    The CEO of Autoproject, Raymond Iyoha, a dealer partner with Cars45, who has been sourcing verified cars through the platform for years, shared one of his biggest challenges before partnering with the platform. “Our biggest challenge was getting the right car to buy. Sometimes, we end up buying vehicles with security issues. But since partnering with Cars45, when it comes to verification, I’m rest assured,” he said.

    Iyoha, however, confirmed that Autoproject has since been able to source verified cars and increase their inventory without having to travel both far and near, all facilitated through the online platform.

    Levi Bereiweriso, a business owner who specialises in selling cars on Jiji, also said “Jiji has really helped me to stay connected, to stay competitive in the car-selling business. I’ve sold numerous cars to customers all over Nigeria and made profits. That’s because over 95 per cent of people who reach out from the platform are genuine and interested buyers.

    Levi has been able to reach a wider audience, engage with genuine buyers, and ultimately increased his sales by listing his vehicles online. One of the key advantages of selling cars through online marketplaces is the ability to provide detailed information and visuals that help buyers make informed decisions.

    Unlike traditional methods, where potential buyers might have to visit multiple dealerships to compare vehicles, online marketplaces allow them to do so from the comfort of their homes. Likewise, dealers now source verified vehicles from the comfort of their offices hassle-free. These translate to cutting down on costs, reducing documentation issues and security concerns.

    A promising market laced with challenges

    Much as Nigeria’s e-commerce market is undeniably huge and promising, helping businesses across sectors that embrace e-commerce platforms to expand their reach, streamline their operations, achieve scale and boost profitability, challenges abound, mostly around the increasing activities of cybercriminals.

    The industry is replete with cases of cybercrime which, according to operators and customers, undermine consumer trust, disrupt online transactions, and create concerns about personal and financial information security.

    However, the Federal Government, having recognised the critical role of e-commerce in driving economic growth and development, has never wavered in its commitment to bolstering its growth and ensuring an environment conducive to operators and businesses in the space to thrive.

    Accordingly, it has taken several initiatives and implemented policies and regulations focused, for instance, on improving digital infrastructure, enhancing cyber-security and promoting a more inclusive and accessible digital economy.

  • How to tackle Africa’s rising debt burden, by experts

    How to tackle Africa’s rising debt burden, by experts

    Africa’s public debt has skyrocketed by over 170% since 2010, driven by structural issues in the global debt architecture, domestic and global shocks and other factors that continue to hamper development across the continent. In 2023, African nations spent a staggering $74 billion on debt servicing, with over 20 countries already facing high-risk or debt distress. Poor debt management, along with an inequitable global financial system, has diverted crucial resources from infrastructure and development initiatives. Experts believe that new strategies being developed by the Debt Management Forum for Africa (DeMFA) could change this troubling trajectory, KELVIN OSA-OKUNBOR reports

    A growing consensus is emerging among development partners, multilateral financial institutions, private sector stakeholders, and civil society organisations regarding the most effective strategies to address Africa’s escalating public debt crisis. Experts argue that any solution must consider the significant financial burden many African nations face in servicing debts owed to private creditors, foreign governments, and international financial institutions. These debt obligations are siphoning off critical resources that could otherwise be invested in much-needed infrastructure and social interventions to spur economic growth and development across the continent.

    Investigations reveal that much of this debt was incurred during a prolonged period of low-interest rates in the global market. However, experts note that this favourable borrowing environment has shifted in the wake of fiscal consolidation policies implemented post-Covid-19. As a result, the financial landscape has changed, compounding the challenges faced by African economies in managing their debt while striving for sustainable development.

    As a result, many African countries have found themselves navigating tighter global financial conditions, marked by elevated sovereign debt spreads and currency depreciations. These shifts have led to higher borrowing costs, effectively shutting out most countries with market access from international capital markets. In response to this growing crisis, the African Development Bank Group recently convened the Debt Management Forum for Africa (DeMFA) in Abuja, alongside its inaugural policy dialogue on “Making Debt Work for Africa: Policies, Practices, and Options.”

    At the event, the Bank’s Vice President and Chief Economist for Economic Governance and Knowledge Management, Professor Kevin Chika Urama, shared his insights on the continent’s public debt challenges. Urama highlighted a worrying trend: the average sovereign debt spreads in Africa have surged to three times the emerging market average since the onset of the tightening cycle. Referring to the African Economic Outlook Report (AEO) 2024, Urama noted that African nations are expected to spend approximately $74 billion on debt servicing—up from just $17 billion in 2010. Of this amount, $40 billion is owed to private creditors, accounting for 54 percent of the total debt service.

    Urama emphasised that the shift toward private creditors has brought both opportunities and significant challenges. For instance, African countries now face interest costs that are five times higher when borrowing from international capital markets compared to borrowing from multilateral development banks like the African Development Bank or the World Bank. Experts warn that using short-term, high-cost debt to finance long-term development projects could have serious implications for debt sustainability and may complicate future debt restructuring efforts in the medium to long term. Urama further underscored that the mounting debt burdens are placing significant pressure on public finances, diverting critical resources away from much-needed infrastructure investments. This, in turn, is stifling future GDP growth and hindering the broader economic transformation that many African countries urgently require.

    At the forum, African Ministers of Finance collectively acknowledged that an increasing number of African nations are now facing unprecedented levels of debt distress. The situation, they argued, demands urgent and strategic interventions to avert further economic setbacks. The stark reality is that Africa’s public debt has surged by a staggering 170 percent since 2010, reaching an alarming $1.15 trillion by 2023.

    Much of this debt was accumulated during a period of historically low interest rates in global markets at the turn of the century. However, the post-Covid-19 era has seen a sharp rise in debt servicing costs, compounded by structural issues within the global debt architecture, as well as recent global and domestic economic shocks. These factors, coupled with ongoing weaknesses in Africa’s macroeconomic fundamentals, have created a perfect storm, exacerbating the continent’s debt crisis and posing serious challenges to sustainable development. Urama highlighted the sharp rise in Africa’s debt service costs, which has led to a significant diversion of resources away from critical infrastructure investments, further constraining the continent’s potential for future GDP growth and economic transformation. Specifically, for 49 African countries, the average debt service cost has surged from 8.4 percent of GDP in the period between 2015 and 2019, to 12.7 percent between 2020 and 2022.

    Currently, 22 African nations are either in or at high risk of debt distress, a significant increase from just 13 in 2010. Urama cautioned that refinancing risks could continue to rise, especially for countries with large bullet redemptions on the horizon. The Chief Economist emphasised the stark contrast between developed and developing nations in terms of debt sustainability. While developed countries can manage high levels of debt with relatively low servicing burdens, African nations—particularly the most vulnerable—are being forced to allocate an ever-growing share of their fiscal resources to servicing public debt. This shift is not only straining public finances but is also exacerbating poverty levels across the continent.

    Amid these mounting debt challenges, external financial flows to Africa have also been negatively impacted by tightening global financial conditions, along with various domestic and international factors. These converging pressures further hinder the continent’s ability to address its development needs and economic stability.   “Foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), portfolio investment and remittances—fell by 19.4 per cent in 2022, reversing a strong immediate post-pandemic recovery in external flows. This leads to what I call the paradox of debt and development financing in Africa,” Urama said.

    Urama highlighted the sharp rise in Africa’s debt service costs, which has led to a significant diversion of resources away from critical infrastructure investments, further constraining the continent’s potential for future GDP growth and economic transformation. Specifically, for 49 African countries, the average debt service cost has surged from 8.4 percent of GDP in the period between 2015 and 2019, to 12.7 percent between 2020 and 2022.

    However, Urama stressed that the market failures within the global financing and debt architecture cannot be blamed entirely for Africa’s fiscal and debt challenges. He pointed out that there are significant domestic factors contributing to the high cost of capital that African countries must address. One of the key drivers, according to Urama, is corruption, which costs the continent an estimated $148 billion annually. In addition, about $90 billion leaves Africa each year through illicit financial flows, further draining resources that could otherwise be invested in the continent’s development. These issues, he argued, represent major obstacles that African nations must tackle if they are to create more sustainable fiscal policies and reduce their dependency on external debt.

    “In total, some estimates show that African countries lose above $1.6 billion daily in capital outflows due to the combined effects of the high-risk premiums, international profit shifting, illicit financial flows, corruption, etc. Measured annually, this could reach about $587 billion – more than three times the total external financial inflows to Africa yearly. Plugging these leakages is therefore critical to addressing domestic resource mobilisation and debt sustainability challenges in Africa,” Urama said.

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    Dr. Anthony Simpasa, the Director of Macroeconomic Policy, Forecasting and Research at the African Development Bank (AfDB), emphasised that effective debt management has become increasingly crucial in responding to persistent economic challenges, building resilience and accelerating Africa’s development. He pointed out that Africa’s debt-to-GDP ratio has already reached 60 percent, while the region faces a public investment efficiency gap of 39 percent. This means that the funds borrowed are not being used effectively. In 2024 alone, African countries are expected to spend $174 billion on debt servicing—far exceeding the amount allocated to education. This represents 13 percent of gross revenue, compared to just 9.9 percent between 2015 and 2019. Simpasa argued that these funds, if better utilised, could have been invested in much-needed infrastructure and social programs, but instead, African countries are often borrowing just to service or refinance existing debt rather than financing development.

    The frustration among African countries and their finance ministers is palpable, as they feel trapped in a cycle of debt. The more they strive to ease their burden, the higher the obstacles set by foreign creditors. Nigeria’s Director-General of the Debt Management Office, Patience Oniha, voiced her concerns about the role of credit rating agencies, which she argued often unfairly assess African countries as higher risk than they actually are. In a panel discussion on credit ratings in Africa, Oniha criticised the discretionary methods used by these agencies, which frequently leave African nations at a disadvantage, despite their lower risk profiles compared to other regions. “That means that the funds (borrowings) are not well utilised. We are talking of $174 billion in debt servicing in 2024, far more than the continent spends on education, 13 per cent of gross revenue, unlike 9.9 per cent between 2015 and 2019. That money could have gone into infrastructure and investment in social needs’ cost. African countries borrow to pay or refinance existing debt instead of financing development.”

    Oniha further recalled that in 2022, Nigeria was downgraded by one of the three major credit rating agencies. She expressed concern that such downgrades, based on subjective assessments, often do not accurately reflect the true economic realities of African countries, and can exacerbate the financial challenges these nations face. Such ratings, she argued, contribute to higher borrowing costs and make it more difficult for countries like Nigeria to access international capital markets on favourable terms. “There was no review on their side. It was just based on our decision or announcement of bond exchange, which is just a risk management strategy and does not mean a default. And that was it. The discretionary element in their parameter is high, especially fuelled by their distrust in our ability,” she said.

    Oniha also pointed out that the feedback from these credit rating agencies is often swift, with less than 24 hours given to respond, which she described as “just not fair.” She further noted that, despite the efforts made by African countries to address the concerns raised, these agencies rarely alter their positions, leaving nations in a difficult position.

    Prof. Daniel Cash of Aston University in the UK added that unfair ratings are not a phenomenon exclusive to African countries. He observed that European nations had also faced similar challenges with credit ratings in the past, until they began conducting their own ratings within the continent, under their own regulatory frameworks. This shift, Cash argued, allowed for a more nuanced and balanced assessment of economic conditions, highlighting the potential for African countries to adopt similar approaches in the future. “You have to be pan-African in your approach. It is largely for Africans to support themselves in tackling this problem and not keep seeking help from outside,” Cash said.

    Apparently in agreement, Urama said that enough African countries see credit rating agencies and foreign experts as gods. “What happens when a credit rating agency does not like the government? Is it just a question of bias? What of the intra-African biases among fellow African countries? We need to reduce biases among ourselves. We have instruments that can help us on this continent, but do we use them? We keep running to creditors’ experts for advice, but they will always do so on their own terms.

    “Similarly, negotiations from African countries can be very frustrating. One country went to Copenhagen with a large entourage, and in the middle of the negotiation, the officials were busy shopping. Later, they came to ask, ‘Prof., have they finished?’ The truth is that negotiating debt on behalf of a country is a very serious assignment, and officials should take them responsibly.”

    Patrick Mfungo, Assistant Director of Debt Contraction at Zambia’s Ministry of Finance, emphasised the importance of establishing a robust in-country legal framework for borrowing, as well as ensuring transparency throughout the process. He pointed out that while some creditors are not multilateral, they often demand to be treated as if they were during negotiations, complicating the terms and conditions for repayment. Mfungo argued that a clear, well-defined legal structure would help African countries navigate such complexities and promote greater accountability in their borrowing practices. “It is therefore important to review and update legal frameworks to guide this process. In Zambia, we have included the National Assembly in what we do. We have enacted new laws that make it statutory to sanitise borrowing plans and reject those that are not of maximum interest. It is part of the legal requirement to publish the debt report and make it public,” he said.

    Dr. Eric Ogunleye, Director of the African Development Institute at the AfDB, highlighted the shared experiences discussed at the two-day forum, where African countries unanimously agreed on the urgent need for a dedicated Debt Management Forum for Africa (DeMFA). This forum would serve as a platform for regular policy dialogues, aimed at developing home-grown solutions to address the continent’s common debt challenges.

    Ogunleye further noted that the AfDB is already actively supporting African countries in debt management. This includes initiatives such as the creation of an African Credit Rating Agency, capacity development programs, technical assistance, and training aimed at strengthening the debt management capabilities of African nations. Additionally, he mentioned that there had been discussions on leveraging the African Legal Support Facility, an initiative established by the AfDB to assist countries in fairly renegotiating their loans and ensuring more equitable outcomes in debt restructuring. “That is the facility they could fall back on to provide them with a legal framework and support to help them through a fair process. We all only need to leverage on what we have within instead of running to our creditors for help,” he said.

    Overall, the discussions underscored the importance of prudent resource management, with a strong focus on the need for African countries to become more self-reliant by growing what they consume. The emphasis was on harnessing the continent’s natural endowments, adding value to its resources, and optimising the gains from these assets to finance current needs and promote long-term development. As the saying goes, “tax is debt that the public pays today; while debt is the tax the public pays tomorrow.” This highlights the critical balance between managing resources effectively and ensuring fiscal discipline. By maximising the use of local resources to meet immediate needs, African countries can mitigate the risks of excessive debt, safeguarding their economies from the future burdens of indebtedness and the associated economic hardships. The role of good fiscal governance is pivotal in ensuring that the continent’s wealth is leveraged in a sustainable and responsible manner.

  • ‘Bridging gaps in paediatric care, child health’

    ‘Bridging gaps in paediatric care, child health’

    Paediatric healthcare in Nigeria is grappling with a range of complex and interrelated challenges, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, a shortage of trained medical personnel, insufficient funding for child health programs, and a high burden of preventable diseases such as malnutrition, infectious diseases, and respiratory conditions. Ahead of the annual conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN), Prof. Ekanem Ekure, a distinguished paediatric cardiologist at the College of Medicine at the University of Lagos and the current president of PAN, provides an in-depth analysis of these critical issues and calls for urgent and stronger policies to address the multifaceted needs of children’s health and overall well-being in the country. Associate Editor ADEKUNLE YUSUF provides excerpts

    Her journey in paediatric practice

    I completed my postgraduate training, specialising in paediatrics 27 years ago. Most of my time since then has been spent in the Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos & Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria where I work as a Professor and Consultant Paediatric cardiologist. I took over leadership of President of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria in January 2024 having previously served as a Secretary General more than a decade ago. Since assumption of office, I, together with the executive council members, have worked to structure and strengthen PAN to be a vibrant and influential organization that represents the voice of paediatricians and the children in Nigeria. Through education, we have enhanced the practice of paediatrics and child health with our monthly webinars. PAN has been impactful in conducting Helping Babies Breathe and Neonatal Resuscitation trainings for health care providers, at the grassroots and higher tiers of healthcare delivery to improve neonatal survival. We have also fostered collaboration and partnership with other stakeholders in the health sector, especially those working on child health issues. On advocacy, we have consistently spoken out on issues affecting the Nigerian child in press releases. The last national day was a perfect opportunity for us where we reviewed the state of the Nigerian child, partly to celebrate the Nigerian child, appreciate the government for grounds covered so far in improving the lot of the Nigerian child and to remind them of the grounds yet to be covered. Immunization is a high impact intervention for child survival and PAN in collaboration with the International Pediatric Association has trained more than 300 immunization champions across Nigeria who are advocating for improved uptake in immunization.

    State of paediatric healthcare infrastructure in Nigeria

    The state of pediatric healthcare infrastructure in Nigeria is challenging with poor access to care, inadequate and poor distribution of manpower and poor equipment. Yes, there are notable gaps in terms of facilities and technology. Paediatric hospitals are still inadequate to cater for the huge child population of nearly 110 million in Nigeria. Point-of-care-diagnostics are deficient for emergency management. There is limited access to advanced diagnostic tools like MRIs, CT scans, and neonatal incubators. Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) are rare, limiting the ability to manage critical cases effectively. Primary healthcare centers in rural areas often lack basic amenities, clean water, electricity, and essential medical equipment with poor road networks and transportation barriers further restricting access to care.

    Infectious diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, but the burden of NCDs such as asthma, diabetes, sickle cell disease, and congenital heart defects is also rising. Nigeria can achieve this balance by first increasing funding for health. The 2025 health budget is 5.18% of the total budget, an increase of less than 1% (0.71%) compared to 2024 budget but far below the recommended 15% at the Abuja declaration. Primary Healthcare (PHC) Systems should be strengthened with integrated services that provide services for both infectious diseases and NCDs. Focus should be on prevention and health education of both diseases by scaling up vaccination campaigns, improving sanitation, and promoting hygiene practices while creating awareness on healthy nutrition, physical activity, and early screening for chronic conditions. The National Health Insurance Act coverage should be expanded to include both infectious diseases and chronic conditions like congenital heart disease for children. We can leverage on technology and innovations such as Telemedicine and mobile health to extend specialist care for NCDs to remote areas.

    Barriers to accessing quality paediatric are and solutions

    Families in Nigeria face several barriers in accessing quality pediatric care, ranging from systemic challenges to socio-economic constraints. A big one is financial constraints with high Out-of-Pocket Cost. Many patients in public hospitals are unable to pay their bills and there is a decline in hospital attendance not because the children are no longer sick, but because the health care cost is unaffordable. There are geographical barriers with rural urban disparity and shortage of healthcare facilities and personnel currently compounded by the JAPA Syndrome. Inconsistent Supply of Medications and Equipment with stockouts especially in public healthcare facilities, sub-standard drugs and poor attitude of some healthcare workers are other barriers.

    Strategies to reduce these barriers include financial interventions such as expanding the National Health Insurance Act (NHIA) to include comprehensive pediatric care. This means adding interventions for non-communicable diseases such as congenital heart disease to the NHIA. Care should be provided free or highly subsidized for children under five, especially for low-income families. Social Welfare Programs like introduction of cash transfer programs to offset healthcare-related costs can be initiated. Primary health care centres should be made functional and accessible. Training of more medical personnel including community health care workers and providing adequate incentives to encourage them to work in rural areas and resist the urge to emigrate from Nigeria. Other strategies are improving the distribution of essential drugs, vaccines, and medical equipment to healthcare facilities. Health care providers need to be trained in professionalism and showing empathy in the course of their work.

    Improving training for healthcare professionals in Nigeria and PAN annual conference

    First is by constantly updating Curricula for medical school and residency training to align with global best practices, covering emerging trends such as genetic medicine, digital health, and advances in neonatal care in addition to local healthcare challenges. Next is standardization of pediatric training across institutions. More fellowship programs in paediatric subspecialties are needed to meet diverse healthcare needs. There should be partnership with global institutions for exchange programs and fellowships that expose Nigerian pediatricians to advanced practices. Technology should be incorporated into training with improved access to learning resources like textbooks and medical journals. Residents should be sponsored to attend workshops and conferences.

    The 56th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) is scheduled to take place from January 22nd to 24th, 2025, at the International Conference Centre in Gombe. The conference will focus on the theme: “Intersectoral Collaboration in Advancing Child Health and Development.” Key sub-themes to be discussed include:- Overcoming the Harmful Mix of Insecurity and Poverty on Child Health: Addressing how socio-economic challenges and security issues impact child health and exploring strategies to mitigate these effects. Leveraging technology to promote child health: Exploring the role of technological innovations in enhancing pediatric healthcare delivery and outcomes. Effect of climate change on child health: Examining the implications of environmental changes on children’s health and discussing adaptive measures. These topics aim to address critical challenges and opportunities in pediatric healthcare within Nigeria, fostering discussions that promote collaborative efforts across various sectors to improve child health and development.

    By bringing together healthcare professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders from various sectors, the conference aims to foster comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted challenges affecting children’s health in Nigeria. The main objectives of the 56th Annual Conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) are knowledge exchange, promotion of intersectoral collaboration and providing a platform for stakeholders to deliberate on actionable strategies for implementing effective child health policies across Nigeria. Others are capacity building through pre-conference workshops on newborn resuscitation and encouraging research and innovation by awarding outstanding contributions. Healthcare professionals bring clinical experience, researchers contribute evidence-based insights, and policymakers provide the framework for implementing changes. Together, they can devise holistic solutions to child health challenges in Nigeria. We are privileged that Dr Naveen Thacker; President International Pediatric Association will be in attendance at the conference.

    Importance of bringing together healthcare professionals, researchers and policymakers

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    Supporting the development of pediatric healthcare in Nigeria requires a coordinated effort among the government, private sector, and international organisations. Here’s how each stakeholder can contribute effectively: Government Support: Policy and Legislation e.g. expand the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) to cover more pediatric services, including specialised care for chronic and congenital diseases; Increased Funding by allocating a higher percentage of the national budget to healthcare; infrastructure development; workforce capacity Building and investment in data collection systems and research.

    Private Sector can contribute through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Technological Innovations. International organisations’ can support through programme implementation, improved funding, offering of technical assistance, partnership with local organizations and associations such as PAN to advocate for stronger child health policies and increased public awareness of health issues and promoting global initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on child health.

    Immunisations are one of the most cost-effective public health interventions known to man. Most child deaths in under-five children are from vaccine preventable diseases. PAN in the last one year in collaboration with IPA has trained more than 300 immunisation champions made up of paediatricians, media personnel and nurses located in all states of Nigeria and FCT. Our immunisation champions have been empowered and motivated to do community engagement thus improving vaccine uptake through advocacy. They played a significant role in the 2nd HPV roll out where average vaccine coverage rose from 80% in the first 2023 roll out to 96% in 2024 with the lowest coverage of 78%. I believe that if we keep up the tempo of advocacy for immunization, our childhood vaccine coverage rates will improve.

    Future hopes for paediatric healthcare and PAN’s role

    Every child has a right to be alive. Children have the right to the best health care possible, clean water to drink, healthy food and a clean and safe environment to live in. One, every child in Nigeria, regardless of location or socio-economic status, will have access to high-quality healthcare, including preventive services, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Two, Nigeria will strengthen paediatric healthcare infrastructure to enable effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of the rising burden of NCDs in children, such as asthma, diabetes, obesity, and congenital disorders. Three, there will be integration of digital health solutions such as telemedicine, electronic health records, and AI-based diagnostic tools to enhance pediatric care delivery and reduce inequalities in access. Four, Nigeria will achieve a significant reduction in preventable child deaths, especially from diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, and malnutrition, while improving outcomes for children with chronic conditions and congenital defects.