In a decisive move to reform the Nigerian Police Force, a landmark gathering in Nasarawa State marked a crucial milestone in Nigeria’s efforts to bolster security and rebuild community trust. Under the guidance of Governor Abdullahi Sule, Minister Hajiya Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim led transformative town hall sessions aimed at reshaping law enforcement. Emphasizing robust reforms and global standards, these meetings underscored a new commitment to a community-focused policing approach, reports Associate Editor ADEKUNLE YUSUF
In Nasarawa State, amid the bustling activities at the Aliyu Akwe Doma Banquet Hall, a transformative dialogue took place. Led by Nigeria’s first female Police Minister, Hajiya Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim, the gathering marked a pivotal moment in the nation’s quest for enhanced security and community trust. Nasarawa State recently played host to the Minister of State for Police Affairs, Sulaiman-Ibrahim, as she embarked on her mission to redefine the role of the Nigerian Police Force through a series of town hall engagements. These sessions, aimed at fostering robust reforms and aligning the force with global standards, underscored her commitment to a people-centric approach in law enforcement.
Governor Abdullahi Sule, flanked by a diverse assembly of political figures, traditional rulers, civil society advocates and community leaders, set the stage for a candid exchange on strengthening policing practices in Nigeria. Against a backdrop of mounting security challenges and public scrutiny, Sulaiman-Ibrahim’s initiatives seek to restore public confidence in law enforcement while empowering communities to play an active role in their own safety. “The Nigerian Police Force stands at a critical juncture,” remarked Sulaiman-Ibrahim, her voice resonating with conviction as she addressed the attentive gathering. “We envision a force that not only protects but actively collaborates with the communities it serves. Our town hall engagements are more than just forums—they are platforms for genuine dialogue, where every voice matters in shaping the future of our nation’s security.”
Central to the discourse were strategic reforms, designed to equip officers with the tools and training needed to meet evolving security threats while upholding human rights and professional standards. Her advocacy for community policing models and technological integration aims to bridge the gap between law enforcement agencies and the populace, fostering a symbiotic relationship built on trust and mutual respect. In a continuation of her ground-breaking initiative, Sulaiman-Ibrahim journeyed to Nasarawa State, following the success of the inaugural town hall held in Lagos under the auspices of Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu. With resolute determination, she embarked on a mission to further shape the future of law enforcement in Nigeria through inclusive dialogue and strategic reform. The second edition of the Citizens Town Hall engagement resonated with purpose and promise.
A deviation from the past
In stark contrast to past administrations, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s tenure marks a decisive departure from mere rhetoric to proactive measures in addressing security challenges. This shift is driven by the dynamic and strategic approach of the Minister of Police Affairs, who advocates for a security strategy that prioritizes community input in safeguarding citizens. The Minister underscored this approach during the recent event, emphasising that the core of the Renewed Hope Police Agenda lies in implementing a community policing strategy tailored to local nuances. This approach ensures inclusivity and ownership among diverse community members and stakeholder groups.
Explaining the choice of Nasarawa for the next Town Hall engagement, Sulaiman-Ibrahim highlighted the state’s unique security landscape. “Nasarawa State stands out due to its diverse and rapidly growing population,” she noted. “Its significant mineral resources attract local and international interest, while its proximity to the Federal Capital Territory offers socio-economic opportunities alongside security challenges. The state’s numerous tertiary institutions and large communities of Fulani herdsmen and farmers further add to its distinct security dynamics.”
Governor Abdullahi Sule echoed the importance of collaborative efforts in enhancing security measures, affirming Nasarawa’s pivotal role in advancing the agenda for a revitalized Nigerian Police Force. Together, they are forging a path towards a safer and more prosperous Nigeria, where community engagement serves as the cornerstone of effective policing.
“Despite these complexities, Nasarawa State has demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of challenges. The Renewed Hope Police Agenda for Nasarawa State, therefore, seeks to build on local efforts while supporting the existing collaborations that have made Nasarawa a shining example of effective security measures within the North Central Region. Security is local, and we must acknowledge and embrace the unique dynamics of each community in our pursuit of a safer nation. This Town hall is, therefore, part of an extensive series of Town hall engagements across the country to catalyze a grassroots understanding of security dynamics and foster community-specific solutions. Recognising that security is inherently local, our approach must reflect an appreciation for the distinct characteristics, challenges, and strengths of each community.”
Foundational pillars that forms strategic framework
Six foundational pillars serve as strategic frameworks meticulously crafted to redefine and fortify the Nigeria Police Force, with the recent gathering providing the minister and her team invaluable insights from diverse perspectives and experiences. Central to the citizens’ town hall engagement is the commitment to harness cutting-edge technology and refine operational protocols. This initiative aims to elevate the capabilities of Police Personnel across sectoral policing domains including Air, Marine, Transport, and Border management, ensuring enhanced effectiveness.
Addressing comprehensive standardisation, upgrade and modernisation of police stations, barracks, and training schools is pivotal. The Minister emphasises the necessity for modern infrastructure to bolster operational efficiency within the Nigeria Police Force. A robust support system, encompassing healthcare measures, pension administration, retirement benefits, housing provisions, remuneration and essential work tools and gear, stands at the core of the administration’s strategy to enhance the physical, mental, psychological, and financial well-being of the men and women of the Police Force.
However, the efficacy of these measures hinges significantly on the establishment of a legally backed national policing policy. Already in development, this policy aims to rebuild public trust and ensure adherence to the highest standards of professionalism and accountability within the Nigeria Police Force.
This pillar underscores the critical role of fostering a symbiotic relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Through collaborative partnerships within the community, citizen engagement is enhanced, and public trust is fortified. Central to this approach is a focused effort on Re-branding, Strategic Communication, and Public Trust Management. Sulaiman-Ibrahim highlighted the launch of a strategic branding campaign aimed at cultivating a positive and contemporary image for the Nigeria Police Force. In collaboration with the Ministry of Youth Development, she initiated the “Young and Secure Initiative.” This initiative seeks to strengthen national security by fostering collaboration between the youth and the police, thus promoting a safer and more cohesive society. “We are working to ensure active engagement with citizens and effective management of public trust through transparent and accountable practices.”
On his part, Governor Sule stated that there are fundamentals that challenge the security of the state. “We have very diverse communities that are rapidly expanding and therefore shrinking communal land for agriculture; we have a significant mineral deposit that is attracting a lot of interest locally and internationally; we are in close proximity to the FCT, which puts pressure on us as a host to a large number of workers in the FCT; we are also host to a large number of Fulani herdsmen community. Despite these complexities, we have shown great resilience and have managed to create a stable and secure environment through our collective efforts and strategic initiatives.”
He highlighted significant strides in enhancing community participation in security governance through the inclusion of the Traditional Council in the State Security Council. This integration has facilitated a robust network of intelligence gathering from local communities, enabling proactive measures against emerging threats. “While our strategy has shown effectiveness,” Governor Sule remarked, “there remains ample room for improvement.” He emphasised the Town Hall meeting as a pivotal platform for exploring new ideas, gathering invaluable insights, and fostering a united approach to ensure the safety and security of Nasarawa State.
“Policing is resource-intensive, and we are committed to providing continuous support to the Nigeria Police Force and other security institutions to ensure they have the necessary resources to effectively carry out their duties,” Governor Sule affirmed. “I also call on the private sector and individuals with the means to contribute towards enhancing our security infrastructure and capabilities. We must collectively recognise that a safe and secure environment benefits us all. As custodians of safety, let us unite to build a more secure and resilient society.
“My administration is committed to supporting the ongoing police reforms of the Federal Government, and the vision of creating a world-class police force that is inclusive, intelligence-driven, technology-oriented, and community-based resonates very well with us. As the Executive Governor of Nasarawa State, I pledge our continued support for all efforts to strengthen our security infrastructure. We will collaborate closely with the Ministry of Police Affairs, the Nigeria Police Force, and all relevant stakeholders to achieve our shared objectives.”
Sulaiman-Ibrahim expressed sincere gratitude to President Tinubu “for his exceptional leadership, unwavering passion, and steadfast commitment to ensuring the security and safety of the country.” She also extended heartfelt appreciation to the governor for his outstanding hospitality and transformative vision that has propelled Nasarawa State into an era of commendable progress and heightened security, setting a notable benchmark for governance in the region. Furthermore, the minister acknowledged and appreciated the collaborative efforts of all security agencies, the traditional council, local governments, the Police Community Relations Committee, members of the State Security Council, and other critical stakeholders. Their collective contributions have been instrumental in advancing the shared security agenda of Nasarawa State.
“Let me also specially thank the Inspector General of Police and his team for their professionalism and commitment to the full implementation of the Police Act 2020, particularly as it relates to community policing and the implementation of key reforms within the policing ecosystem. In my role as the Minister of State Police Affairs and as the First Female Minister of Police, I have made a commitment to supporting efforts aimed at delivering viable solutions to tackle the complex issues that have limited the capability of the Nigeria Police Force. I invite you all to join me as we rebuild hope, restore confidence, and redefine policing in Nigeria to meet international standards and set the benchmark for professionalism, integrity, and accountability.”
Abia State has been selected to host the next eagerly anticipated town hall meeting, anticipated by Nigerians as a potential solution to the country’s persistent crime challenges and a means to rebuild trust between the Police Force and the populace.
Renowned journalism scholar, satirist extraordinaire, and public intellectual, Prof. Olatunji Dare, was honoured with tributes at his 80th birthday colloquium held yesterday in Lagos. Themed: ‘Dare @ 80: Same Craft, Changing Times — The Columnist as Societal Conscience,’ the event attracted top journalists and other guests. The celebration underscored Dare’s enduring legacy, his pivotal role in shaping Nigeria’s journalistic landscape and his unwavering commitment to holding power accountable. Damola Kola-Dare, Timilehin Babatope and Emmanuel Chidi-Maha report
Renowned journalism scholar, satirist extraordinaire and public intellectual, Prof Olatunji Dare, was celebrated with unstinting praise at his 80th birthday colloquium yesterday in Lagos. The event, themed: ‘Dare @ 80: Same Craft, Changing Times — The Columnist as Societal Conscience,’ drew the crème de la crème of Nigerian journalism and other guests.
Former Ogun State Governor Olusegun Osoba, who chaired the occasion, praised Prof Dare for his significant impact on the profession. He commended him for his intellectual contributions to critical national issues and expressed his happiness at being part of the celebration. Osoba urged journalists to always celebrate their peers, emphasising the importance of honouring colleagues while they are alive. He called on journalists to support one another and avoid rivalries, highlighting the need for unity and mutual respect within the profession.
Osoba said it was important for the academia to continue to show more interest in the media. “We are celebrating one of our own today. We celebrate others and tend to forget our own. Now, we are beginning to appreciate ourselves. We should celebrate people when they are alive. We have to promote ourselves. Let us always support ourselves. Rivalry should not arise. I am indeed, happy to be here and happy to be a July person,” he added.
Lagos State Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu described Dare as an elder statesman and praised him for his dedication to the growth of the media and his positive impact on society. Sanwo-Olu, represented by his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Mr. Gboyega Akosile, commended Dare for his enduring contributions to journalism and societal development. “I am happy to celebrate a renowned writer and cerebral scholar. His 80th birthday is worth celebrating because of his commitment to the society. I pray God will grant him good health and strength to render more service to humanity. His dedication to the growth of the media is commendable. The communication scholar has brought positive change to the society.”
In his opening address, Managing Director/Editor-in-Chief of The Nation Newspapers, Mr. Victor Ifijeh, hailed Dare as a man with a great mind, emphasizing his significant contributions to the media industry. Ifijeh commended him for his remarkable impact and enduring dedication to journalism. He said: “For us at The Nation, he has been a guide, mentor. He knew us before we were born. He was part of the beginning; he crafted the mission statement – a masterpiece. He has been with us, holding us to keep us from falling. We cherish his interventions; these have kept us on our feet and made us stronger. No day passes without him calling to praise or rebuke us when we fall short.”
Ifijeh also praised the humane side of Dare, saying: “He takes interest in everybody. When our reporter was abducted in Kaduna, he was concerned; he called always, checking up for any updates till the matter was resolved.”
President of The Nigeria Guild of Editors (NGE), Eze Anaba, said: “NGE is proud to collaborate with The Nation to honour the distinguished Prof. Dare. We are delighted to celebrate our illustrious columnist. Hitting 80 is a remarkable achievement for a man who has bestrode the journalism firmament with sturdy feet. This event is our way of saying thank you.
“You do not pick The Guardian or The Nation without learning every Tuesday. I am jealous of The Nation’s back page because of Dare. You have something to learn. He is a world class satirist. I learnt from his writing as an editor on how to stand by your convictions.”
Former Managing Director of the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), Bayo Onanuga, expressed his deep admiration for the celebrant, who was his teacher. He said: “Prof. Dare was my teacher; he is a good man and continues to be a source of inspiration. I cherish his column; it is inspiring. I wish him a happy birthday and pray that God grants him the energy to continue writing. May his ink never run dry.”
Lagos State Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Mr. Gbenga Omotoso, represented by Ganiu Lawal, a Deputy Director in the Ministry, described Dare as one of Nigeria’s most esteemed journalists, who have consistently served as the conscience of society. He highlighted Dare’s legacy as one of innovation, dedication, and compassion. “Olatunji Dare is the Jose Mourinho of satire journalism. He detests errors. As a teacher, he would not want to sound esoteric to his students. He deserves all the accolades; he personifies humility, generosity and trust.”
Former Managing Director of The Guardian Newspapers, Emeka Izeze, represented by Martins Oloja, immediate past Managing Director of the paper, said: “It was easy to work with him at The Guardian. He loved and enjoyed his job. He was a genuine human being. Dare was large-hearted and was never threatened by other people’s success. I wish him more years of contribution to our nation, peace and good health.”
The panel was led by Chief Executive Officer of Diamond Publications, Mr. Lanre Idowu. He described columnists as the eyes and ears of society, emphasising the importance of continually updating their knowledge to remain relevant. He commended Dare for his unwavering commitment to holding agents of poor governance accountable. “He has influenced different generations of writers; he remains a respected member of the tribe of informed critics. He is a distinguished member of “July Media Club.” He has, through his writings, confronted agents of darkness and poor governance. We expect him to continue to serve as a fountain of wisdom.”
Sully Abu, former Managing Director of the defunct New Age Newspaper, who worked with Dare at The Guardian, described him as a man of courage and character whose management of the Editorial Board of The Guardian was magnificent. He said: “Dare is an erudite and accomplished prose stylist. He is a first-class human being with integrity. Celebrating him is an indication that we recognize those who count.”
Prof Oloruntola Sunday of the Mass Communication Department at the University of Lagos (UNILAG) described the celebrator as an international figure who has put Kabba, his hometown, on the world map. “There’s no way you can be in his class without learning. I learned a lot from him. He is a contented and principled man,” he said.
Top media personalities at the event included Eniola Bello, Managing Director/Editor-In-Chief of THISDAY; Tony Onyima, former Managing Director/Editor-In-Chief of The Sun Newspapers; Lekan Otufodunrin, former Online Editor of The Nation, all of whom paid glowing tributes to the renowned columnist.
In his response via Zoom, the celebrator expressed heartfelt thanks to everyone for celebrating with him, noting his overwhelming gratitude.
He describes his wife,Oyeronke, as the pillar behind his attainment in life.
According to him, she stood by the family when he had no job and the family didn’t have money and stuck by his cherished principle.
The celebrator said his wife rejected a contract that would have enriched the family but compromised what the family stood for.
He described the accolades from associates and colleagues as priceless.
Dare said despite winning awards and prizes, nothing is better than the encomiums showered on him at the colloquium.
Chairman of the Editorial Board of The Nation Newspapers, Sam Omatseye, delivered a vote of thanks, acknowledging the profound impact of the journalism teacher and extending appreciation to all attendees.
Other notable figures present included Richard Akinnola, Managing Director of The Sun Newspapers; Onuoha Ukeh, Managing Director of New Telegraph; Ayo Aminu, Managing Director of New Telegraph; Clem Baiye; respected columnist Dare Babarinsa; Kayode Komolafe, THISDAY Ombudsman; Third Republic Chief Whip of the House of Representatives Wale Oshun, Muyiwa Adetiba, Senior Management and Editorial Staff of The Nation Newspaper; Femi Ajibade; and Lanre Arogundade of the International Press Centre, who served as the compere, among others.
The Supreme Court’s judgment on July 11, granting financial autonomy to the 774 local government areas and recognising them as the third tier of Nigeria’s governance architecture, was truly historic. It was perhaps the most remarkable judgment ever delivered by the apex court in recent times, as it used its power to interpret the law to give a different meaning to Section 162 of the Constitution.
Since 1999, governors have used this section to withhold and tamper with the funds federally allocated to the councils, using a joint account that has proven to be a honeypot of abuse.
Last Thursday, the Supreme Court described the payment of the allocations to the account as gross misconduct and scolded the governors for dissolving democratically elected councils and setting up caretaker committees.
The court ruled that caretaker committees are illegal and that councils run by them should not receive the federal allocation.
Henceforth, the court ruled that the allocations should go directly to the accounts of the 774 local councils.
Justice Emmanuel Agim, who read the lead judgment, said Nigeria runs a three-tier governance structure, where no one tier is subject to the whims and caprices of the other. He criticised the governors and the state assemblies for almost allowing the councils to go into extinction with their treatment of them.
The judgment was generally well received by Nigerians. According to reports, the verdict ignited jubilation by workers in some local council as they sang the praises of the Tinubu administration.
However, some Nigerians have criticised it as an ‘assault’ on Nigeria’s Federalism as it has rewritten Section 162. My simple response to this school of thought is: Must we allow the law to stand still while the local councils die? The Supreme Court also said as much: Since the governors were using the section to perpetuate unconstitutional acts, the court must ensure that the con stitution is not applied in a manner that supports its destruction.
In acknowledging the verdict’s import, former Vice-President Atiku Abubakar described it as a win for the people. In a post on X, Atiku wrote: “The court’s ruling is a step in the right direction and a major corrective action in greasing the wheels of national development across the country…The court’s verdict is in tandem with the core functions of the Supreme Court as an arbitration court between and among governments.”
President Bola Tinubu, whose government instituted the case, welcomed the Supreme Court’s decision, affirming the spirit, intent, and purpose of the Constitution regarding the statutory rights of local governments.
“My administration instituted this suit because of our unwavering belief that our people must have relief, and today’s judgment will ensure that only those local officials elected by the people will control the resources of the people. This judgment is a resounding affirmation that we can use legitimate means of redress to restructure our country and economy to make Nigeria a better place to live in and a fairer society for all of our people.”
President Tinubu noted that the provision of some essential amenities and public goods, such as the construction and maintenance of roads, streets, street lighting, drains, parks, gardens, open spaces, and other residual responsibilities, including community security, has been abandoned owing to the emasculation of local governments.
He said the court’s decision to grant financial autonomy to the councils and restate other constitutional principles reinforced the effort to enhance Nigeria’s true federal fabric for the development of the entire nation.
President Tinubu and his administration deserved the praise. President Tinubu has earned double appreciation as a defender of the local councils. As governor of Lagos, he sought the intervention of the same Supreme Court to establish the right of states to create councils in compliance with the provisions of the constitution. In a reverse role, as president, he has succeeded in seeking another intervention of the apex court to establish the right of the councils to survive and perform the role envisaged by the constitution.
Former President Muhammadu Buhari had sought to rescue the councils from the governors’ vice grip by using Executive Order 10, which he signed on May 22, 2020, to direct funds straight to the councils, the state legislature, and the judiciary. But the governors challenged his authority in a case filed at the Supreme Court. In a split judgment in 2022, the Supreme Court said President Buhari overreached his powers.
In his lamentation while signing the executive order, President Buhari said: “If the money from the Federation Account to the state is about N100 million, N50 million will be sent to the chairman (of local government), but he (the chairman) will sign that he received N100 million. The governor will pocket the balance and share it with whoever he wants to share it with. Then, the chairman of the local government must pay salaries. Go to hell with development. When he pays salaries, he will put the balance in his pocket. This is what’s happening in Nigeria.”
President Tinubu, his successor, sought to combat the problem constitutionally by suing the governors.
The Attorney General and Justice Minister, Lateef Fagbemi, approached the Supreme Court in May, seeking to compel the governors of the 36 federating states to grant full autonomy to local governments in their domains in a suit marked SC/CV/343/2024. The suit, anchored on 27 grounds, accused the state governors of gross misconduct and abuse of power. He prayed that the Supreme Court would make an order stating that funds standing to the credit of local governments from the Federation Account should be paid directly to the local governments rather than through the state governments.
The justice minister also requested an order restraining governors, their agents, and privies from receiving, spending, or tampering with funds released from the Federation Account for the benefit of local governments when no democratically elected local government system is in place in the states.
The court granted his prayers in the landmark ruling of July 11
President Tinubu has always been concerned about the lack of governance at the grassroots. He believes that without fixing the problems at the councils, the objective of developing the country and spreading prosperity to the 200 million people will never be achieved. After all, the councils where the 200 million people live have been financially handicapped by the governors. He made the point clearly when he met in Abuja with the leaders of the Arewa Consultative Forum on May 30, about the same period when the Justice Minister approached the Supreme Court for the correct interpretation of Section 162.
President Tinubu, responding to the ACF’s demands for more roles by the Federal Government, urged the leaders to summon the governors. He said Nigeria, as a constitutional democracy, has not allowed the councils where we all live to flourish, citing the absurdity of politicians going to the locals for votes only to abandon them and leave for the capitals and Abuja after winning their votes.
As Nigerians celebrate the historic judgment, it is clear that some work still needs to be done to bring life back to the councils. One issue being raised is how to ensure that the council elections are truly competitive and not predetermined by the governors and the state independent electoral commissions. To solve this, some Nigerians have urged the National Assembly to pass a law that will require only the central Independent National Electoral Commission to conduct council elections.
The other problematic issue is the fear that governors will not allow the Supreme Court ruling to affect their domains, as they can always order the councils to send the money received from the Federal Accounts Allocation Committee back to the state coffers. Again, a solution to this possible abuse has been proffered. The EFCC, ICPC, and NFIU should prevent this by monitoring the councils’ accounts. While the governors enjoy immunity to cover their actions, the council chairmen and councilors do not have such cover as they can be arrested, tried, and jailed. The threat of arrest and prosecution can deter local political actors from collaborating with the governors.
In conclusion, while Nigerians await the full implementation of the Supreme Court verdict, one needs to appeal to the powerful governors to allow the councils to breathe. It is in the interest of the states to allow the blossoming of the third tier of government as it was before 1999.
Here are some of the benefits that the states should not let slip away:
First, local governments will now have more control over their finances, which could lead to improved service delivery and governance at the grassroots level.
Second, with greater financial autonomy, local governments can provide better services to their constituents, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure development. This will reduce the pressure on the state government from the people expecting such minimal provisions.
Third, the judgment could lead to greater accountability and transparency in local government administration.
As President Tinubu remarked after the landmark ruling, “The onus is now on local council leaders to ensure that the broad spectrum of Nigerians living at that level are satisfied that they are benefiting from people-oriented service delivery.
“The Renewed Hope Agenda is about the people of this country, at all levels, irrespective of faith, tribe, gender, political affiliation, or any other artificial line they say exists between us. This country belongs to all of us. By this judgment, our people, especially the poor, can hold their local leaders accountable for their actions and inactions. What is sent to local government accounts will be known, and services must now be provided without excuses.
Onanuga is a Special Adviser to President Tinubu on Information and Strategy
Governors have been acting tongue-in-cheek in their reactions to last Thursday’s verdict of the Supreme Court, which stripped them of their suffocating grip over the money meant for local government areas.
As a collective, the governors unreservedly endorsed the judgment. The Chairman of the Nigeria Governors’ Forum and Kwara State Governor, AbdulRazak AbdulRahman who spoke on behalf of the governors said the forum welcomed the apex court’s ruling granting financial autonomy to the councils, describing the verdict as a relief from the burden on the governors.
Addressing State House Correspondents on the matter after a meeting with President Bola Tinubu at the Presidential Villa, Abuja on Friday, Governor AbdulRazak was flanked by the Chairman of the All Progressives Congress Governors’ Forum, Hope Uzodimma and the Chairman of Peoples Democratic Party Governors’ Forum, Dr Bala Mohammed, suggesting they were all in agreement with Governor AbdulRasak in his pronouncement.
“Our Attorney-General has applied for the enrolment order, which we will study carefully. But by and large, governors are happy with the devolution of power in respect of local government autonomy. It relieves the burden on governors. Our people don’t know how much states expend in bailing out local governments and that’s the issue there,” Governor AbdulRasak said; adding that his government in Kwara State had never tampered with local government funds.
However, it was learnt that the governors were not happy with the decision of the Federal Government to take them to court and are merely playing to the gallery.
For instance, a few days after the NGF Chairman spoke, Oyo State Governor, Seyi Makinde who is of the opposition Peoples Democratic Party, described the case as a distraction. He questioned the sustainability of local governments receiving allocations from the Federal Government.
The governor said to members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists in Ibadan, Oyo State: “They said there is a judgment of the Supreme Court on local government autonomy. I think it is just a distraction. We must face the real issue that we have. The issue that we have is that we are not producing enough. We are not productive. Maybe it may be part of the problem. We want to have value for what is being shared but our problem is productivity.”
Arguably, it is customary in our clime for an opposition governor to toe a different path from that of the President from a different party. However, the opposition of state governors to local council financial autonomy has never been in doubt. It has always been vainly concealed. In a report in The Punch Newspaper of January 25, 2023, state houses of assemblies in Nigeria had rejected nine constitutional amendment bills, including the proposed legislation for financial and administrative autonomy for local government councils. The state assemblies were believed to have done so at the promptings of their governors who exert considerable influence over legislative processes at the state level. The rejected bills were part of the bills that the National Assembly transmitted to them for concurrence.
The National Assembly had, in March 2022, voted on 68 bills aimed at further amending the 1999 Constitution. At the end of the exercise, 44 of the bills were approved by both the Senate and the House of Representatives and transmitted to the state assemblies for concurrence. A simple majority of votes was required in at least two-thirds of state assemblies (24 out of 36) for the amendments to sail through and the amendments that sail through would then be sent to the President for assent.
The Senate, in a motion by the then Chairman of the Senate ad-hoc committee on Constitution Review, Ovie Omo-Agege said during plenary that 27 out of the 36 state assemblies had forwarded their resolutions on the constitution amendment bills to the National Assembly. Presenting his committee report, Omo-Agege said 35 bills satisfied constitutional provision, having been approved by not less than 24 state assemblies. Nine bills could not scale through. Prominent among the bills voted against by the state parliaments was the one seeking to grant financial and administrative autonomy to the country’s local governments. Also among the bills that did not sail through are the ones seeking the abrogation of state-local government joint account and establishment of local government as a tier of government, meaning a majority of the state assemblies, and by extension the governors, never wanted local governments to have absolute freedom.
It’s perhaps, in realisation of this, and the overarching need for local governments to be financially empowered to cater to the challenges at the grassroots that President Tinubu took upon himself the crusade for financial autonomy for the local governments. He mandated the Attorney-General of the Federation and Justice Minister, Chief Lateef Fagbemi, (SAN), to institute a case against the governors at the Supreme Court. This is with a view to reinforcing democratic principles through full financial powers and effective devolution of power to the councils and ensuring genuine representation at the grassroots through periodic elections.
In the suit, the Federal Government sought the enforcement of full autonomy of local governments and also for an order prohibiting state governors from embarking on unilateral, arbitrary and unlawful dissolution of democratically-elected local government chairmen, and constituting caretaker committees in their place. It also asked the court to make an order permitting the funds meant for the LGs to be directly channelled to them from the Federation Account in line with the provisions of the constitution as against how the governors take advantage of Section 162 (6) at the detriment of the local governments.
The Supreme Court’s verdict was very emphatic and unequivocal. All the reliefs sought by the Federal Government were granted. The apex court ordered direct payment of council allocations, saying the 774 local councils in the federation should manage their funds without interference or deduction from any quarter.
According to the apex court, it is unconstitutional for state governors to retain and utilise local government statutory allocations paid through them. The seven-man panel of the court led by Justice Emmanuel Agim also declared that a state has no power to appoint a caretaker committee, while it is mandatory for a local government council to be democratically governed.
“In this case since paying them through states has not worked, the justice of this case demands that the local government allocations from the Federation Account should henceforth be paid directly to the councils,” the apex court ruled.
On the dissolution of democratically-elected councils and appointments of caretaker committees by governors, Justice Agim held that it is a mandatory duty of the state governments or governors, under Section 7 (1) of the Constitution, to ensure their existence. “A democratically-elected local government is sacrosanct and non-negotiable,” the court added.
This landmark judgment is a critical step forward. It has now become imperative for the governors to file behind President Tinubu in ensuring that local councils become an independent and self-governing tier of government. The governors’ buy-in is important because when the chips are down, the state chief executives will still play an influential role in the election of local government chairmen. The governors must understand that to ensure genuine grassroots development and further strengthen our democracy, the local governments must be empowered financially.
This is part of the democratic re-engineering and restructuring the nation yearns for.
Indeed, not a few Nigerians are looking forward to the restructuring of the country under this president, given his antecedents. Apart from his numerous struggles for the entrenchment of democracy in the land, even as governor (1999-2007), he fought many battles with then President Olusegun Obasanjo on matters bordering on true federalism. Many would recall the issue of creation of 37 additional local governments in Lagos State during which he dragged the Federal Government to Supreme Court when President Obasanjo stopped the federal allocation to the state. In its ruling, the Supreme Court okayed the process leading to the creation of the councils and described the creation of the 37 new councils as legal, but declared them as inchoate because they had not been listed in the constitution as local government areas. Asíwájú Tinubu’s ingenuity came to play with the new councils becoming Local Council Development Areas. Today, these LCDAs have helped to expand the frontiers of development in Lagos.
There is also the matter of ownership of lands and granting of development plans in the states. Asiwaju Tinubu as Lagos governor filed a case at the Supreme Court to determine who had the power to control urban and regional planning in a state. Two of the issues determined were: whether the ownership rights of the federal Government over land in state territories include the power to control and regulate town planning and physical development in relation to such land.
Whether all approvals, permits, and licences granted by the 1st defendant (Federal Government) or any of its agencies for any construction, building or physical development, or use of land in Lagos without the consent of the plaintiff is not illegal, null and void. The Supreme Court granted the state’s power to grant building approvals and other development plans in the states where such federally-acquired lands are domiciled while not denying the Federal Government the right to also acquire lands in the states.
For President Tinubu, restructuring has indeed begun. The President has been working to reinforce existing laws, promoting their judicial interpretation and, in some cases, outright amendments in a bid to strengthen democracy and engender fiscal federalism. It is a measure of his commitment to restructuring that one of the first bills he signed into law as the country’s President was the Electricity Act 2023, which he signed on June 6, 2023, barely eighth day in office, marking a significant milestone in the sector. The new law focuses on enhancing the regulation and management of the electricity value chain with the active participation of the sub-national governments. This, thus far, has resulted in the process of devolution of regulatory powers to three states – Enugu, Ekiti, and Ondo – to set up their electricity markets.
Importantly, the Nigerian Fiscal Policy and Tax Reform Committee led by Mr. Taiwo Oyedele is still busy working on comprehensive tax reforms, including reforms to the country’s value-added tax (VAT) and other taxes that will restructure the system and further advance fiscal federalism in the end.
There is still more work to be done on the issue of local government autonomy.. Like the state governors, the National Assembly must take concrete legislative actions to support the vision. The laws governing local government elections must be reworked to transfer the responsibility of conducting these elections to the Independent National Electoral Commission as opposed to the state independent electoral authorities, which are only independent in name. This legislative initiative is crucial to eliminating the undue influence of state governors over the local government election process and ensuring the integrity of the polls. This change will be a significant move in complementing President Tinubu and Supreme Court’s efforts towards achieving genuine local government autonomy and enhancing democratic governance in Nigeria.
Speaking when he hosted some Yoruba elders on April 16, 2024 at the Presidential Villa, President Tinubu had pointed out that the matter of restructuring would be systematic, saying when the economy is properly on a firm footing, steps would be taken on restructuring so that it will be on a solid footing.
“As I said in Akure, our approach to it would be as if a baby is learning how to walk. If the baby is rushed, it will fall,” he had said.
Lagos State Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu yesterday berated residents for abusing the environment and vandalism of public infrastructure, especially those guarding against flooding.
He spoke at a sensitisation programme to herald the reintroduction of the monthly environmental sanitation.
The programme, held at the Campos Mini Stadium, Lagos Island, is the first of others to come, according to the governor.
It also coincided with the 2024 Tree Planting Day, with the theme: ‘Nurture our Future’.
The governor expressed disappointment that public infrastructure and facilities, which should safeguard the environment, are being vandalised, especially manholes that should drain water off the roads, thereby preventing flooding, have been removed from some roads on the Island.
He warned that henceforth, whoever is caught will face the wrath of the law.
He said: “Cleanliness is next to Godliness. We cannot watch our environment debased. Our hospitals are full due to our unhygienic environment caused by the carefree attitude of residents.
“We monitored the environment earlier in the day and saw indiscriminate dumping of refuse in canals, manholes already removed from roads; this environmental nuisance is unacceptable. It’s a shame that our people engage in vandalising public infrastructure despite government’s efforts and huge funding. This kind of people do not deserve to be among us.
“The Ministry of the Environment will set up units that will address the situation, while environmental offenders will face the full weight of the law when caught.
“The era of uncleanliness is over in Lagos, that’s why we are kicking off this sensitisation/advocacy campaign today from Lagos Island. This must start from homes, schools, markets, offices. Government cannot do it alone, we have to work together.
“It is our goal to further educate residents on the need to take ownership of their environment and ensure they continuously clean their surroundings, dispose waste responsibly while acknowledging that we must sustain this as our own contribution towards maintaining a sustainable environment.
“From next Saturday, we will begin sensitisation programmes where we will be on the road cleaning and desilting water channels weekly. After an exhaustive sensitisation, enlightenment and advocacy, we will then make it a law to be done monthly to ensure we improve the cleanliness of our environment of a state we are proud of.”
Governor Sanwo-Olu said about 200,000 waste bins have been procured for refuse management and will be distributed to communities soon, while LAWMA will share waste bags of different colours and sizes across the metropolis to enhance proper waste disposal that will also complement measures in preventing diseases.
Last week’s suspension of the Permit for Non-commercial Flights (PNCF) of 10 private jet operators by the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) over flagrant disregard for regulatory compliance has exposed the abuse in the air transport sector. Amid accusations of engagement in illegal, illicit and other unauthorised activities, private jet operations are becoming a threat to national security, requiring drastic steps to checkmate the infraction, writes KELVIN OSA- OKUNBOR
The activities of private jet operations as the luxury arm of Nigeria’s air transport value chain is increasingly coming under focus as the Federal Government moves to cleanse the sector from recurring infractions.
To nib such infractions, the government is rolling out a raft of measures to whip operators in the eco-space in line with stringent regulations as contained in the prescribed standards, procedures and recommended practices of both local and international regulators.
Part of the new regulations rolled out by the Federal Government is a re- certification exercise recently conducted by the apex civil aviation regulator – Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA).
In the past few years, investigations reveal that the number of aircraft registered in the country by the NCAA has been on the rise.
According to regulatory data, the number of aircraft registered in the country increased from 175 to 358 between 2015 and 2023.
However, it is unclear what the current number as the NCAA and Nigerian Customs Service (NCS), have been closing ranks to arrive at a database of private jets operating in the country.
Experts say a cloud of uncertainty surrounds the ownership/identity of most of the private jets flying in the Nigerian airspace.
While some of the jets were bought for private use, recent reports indicate that some of the jets have veered off their scope of operations allegedly engaging in hire serves for reward.Such practice runs contrary to the regulations of the NCAA.
Jets involved in charter services by the NCAA regulation ought to remit five per cent of the revenue it earns as ticket sales charge to the authority.
Although a few high net worth individuals and organisations allegedly own these jets, documents at the regulatory authority poves otherwise.
A source hinted that these individuals acquire these equipment and hand it over to companies to manage it on their behalf.
Sources also hinted that some players in the sector have been pushing for fractional ownership, a trend that is gaining traction among the financial institutions.
Although a directorate of General Aviation has been created at the NCAA to cater to the burgeoning value chain of private jets dotting airports and other aerodrome facilities at the country, their operations have remained largely opaque.
Over the years, the NCAA has called on the owners and managers of these jets to comply with regulatory provisions, in terms of the scope of their operations, the operators have instead chosen to operate in silos.
The Acting Director-General of the Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA), Captain Chris Najomo, six months ago, said all private jets operating as charter operators will have their licences revoked.
He expressed concern over the illicit activities of illegal private jet operators in the country, and said if private jets want to operate as commercial or charter operators, they should apply for the commercial licences.
But, matters got to a head at the weekend, as the regulatory authority’s sledge hammer fell on the non-complying operators.
Pointedly, the NCAA suspended the Permit for Non-commercial Flights (PNCF) of 10 private jet operators for their flagrant disregard of the rule requiring them to undergo re-evaluation.
The NCAA said the exercise has since April 19, 2024 been concluded.
NCAA’s Director of Public Affairs and Consumer Protection, Mr Michael Achimugu listed the erring operators to include: Azikel Dredging Nigeria Limited, Bli-Aviation Safety Services, Ferry Aviation Developments Limited, Matrix Energy Limited, Marietta Management Services Limited, Worldwide Skypaths Services, Mattini Airline Services Limited, Aero Lead Limited, Sky Bird Air Limited and Ezuma Jets Limited.
The NCAA warned that it is illegal to engage PNCF holders for commercial purposes.
This is even as the regulator said it will not hesitate to initiate enforcement actions against any PNCF holder found guilty.
To drive this, Achimugu said NCAA officials have been deployed to General Aviation Terminals (GAT) and private wings of the airports to monitor activities of the PNCF holders.
The statement reads: “The Nigeria Civil Aviation Regulations 2023 Part 18.3.4 forbids holders of PNCF from using their aircraft for carriage of passengers, cargo or mail for hire or reward, which is described in aviation parlance as commercial operation on charter.”
Prior to the decisive move, the Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development, Mr Festus Keyamo had accused some private jet owners of using their aircraft for money laundering and drug trafficking.
Keyamo said this during the inauguration of a ministerial task force committee on illegal private chartered operations and related matters in Abuja.
The minister said he had set a five-point agenda that would guide him and his team in discharging the mandate of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu when he assumed office.
He said the five-point agenda encapsulates safety, infrastructure, support for local operators, human capacity development and revenue generation.
Accordingly, he said the ministry has identified issues within the aviation industry “that we must tackle headlong.”
“It has come to my attention, through a series of disturbing reports that the practice of illegal charter operations is thriving within the aviation industry, thereby undermining the efforts of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority and other regulatory bodies.
“These illicit activities have not only resulted in significant financial losses to the Federal Government but have also raised security and safety concerns as the operations of private aircraft owners have remained largely unchecked and unregulated,” he said.
This, Keyamo said, has also resulted in using private aircraft for other illegal activities.
“Last week, the National Security Adviser wrote to us, alerting us of the spike in money laundering, drug trafficking and other illegal activities through the use of private aircraft in the country.
“It appears that Private Non-commercial Flight (PNCF) operators have become increasingly emboldened, continuing their illegal operations with the assistance of Air Operator Certificate (AOC) holders who collect tolls and list these illegal charters under their AOCs.
“We have received alarming reports that some crew members have not attended mandatory simulator training for nearly three years and are flying with fraudulently-obtained renewed licenses.
“Many of these individuals are operating planes registered under PNCF but are conducting illegal charter operations with impunity,” he said.
To combat the illegal operators, the minister announced the immediate composition of a ministerial task force on illegal private charter operations and related matters.
He said some of the responsibilities of the task force include taking “inventory of all permits for non-commercial flights (PNCF) holders and air operator certificate (AOC) holders, to determine why the practice of illegal charters by PNCF holders persists in the country despite regulatory controls.”
The task force, according to the minister, was also created to “call in all professional licenses of pilots and crew in the country and determine their authenticity and validity, and to recommend to the minister any additional measures to be taken by regulatory agencies to stem this ugly tide.”
He said the committee is expected to recommend appropriate penalties to be imposed by the regulatory agencies on defaulters and additional measures to monitor private aircraft operations in Nigeria.
The minister added that the members of the task force have been carefully selected from within the aviation industry and are people of high repute and integrity.
He named Ado Sanusi as chairman of the committee, Roland Iyayi as Vice-Chairman, and acting director of air transport, aviation ministry as secretary.
Other members of the committee, he said, include Theresa Babayo, director of the Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA); Olayinka Oyesola, commander of the presidential air fleet; Daniel Quansah; Patrick Ogunlowo; and Obafemi Bajomo, Keyamo’s special assistant (SA).
Only recently, the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) said 30 out of 65 verified private jet owners are liable to pay required agency duties to the Federal Government.
Joseph Attah, NCS Public Relations Officer (PRO), made the disclosure in Abuja.
Customs had commenced verification for private aircraft owners in June due to rising insecurity in Nigeria.
Attah said some of these private jets came into the country by the temporary importation agreement.
He said the agreement allows them to bring the planes without duty payment because it was secured by a bond.
According to him, many of them failed to turn up to pay on the expiration of the agreement which necessitated the verification exercise.
He said the exercise would allow more revenue to accrue to the federal government because those who failed to adhere to the agreement would be made to pay the duties.
The Customs PRO also said the verification exercise has been extended again by another 14 days, which began on July 26 and ends on August 6, 2024.
“Considering the rising number of compliance and the number of jets that are liable for payment of duties as well as indications by those people to do so, the comptroller-general has again graciously given them another two weeks.
“The exercise, as I stated in our previous briefings, is not intended to be punitive or to embarrass them but to ensure that these private jets that operate in the country are properly documented.
“It is also to ensure that all revenue is collected into the coffers of the Federal Government,” he said.
Attah said the exercise has created an opportunity for the NCS to differentiate those planes on commercial operations from those owned and used for private purposes.
He reiterated that whoever fails to turn up for the exercise will have his/her aircraft impounded, adding that the verification extension (deadline) will be the last.
Also recently, the Federal Government grounded a United States-registered Gulfstream G650ER jet owned by a leading Nigerian bank due to unpaid import duties amounting to an estimated N1.9 billion.
The action marks the beginning of the government crackdown on private jet owners who have not paid the required import duties, which collectively run into several billions of naira.
This development follows the NCS’s initiation of a one-month verification exercise for private jet owners in Nigeria, which commenced on June 19, 2024, and will conclude on July 19, 2024.
The exercise aims at identifying and addressing cases of aircraft illegally imported into the country without the payment of import duties.
During a similar exercise in 2019, the NCS recovered approximately N2 billion for the government.
This year, at least 80 private jet owners are required to present their import documents and aircraft certificates of registration to Customs officials in Abuja.
Although the grounding of non-compliant private jets is scheduled to start after the verification period, some operators’ attempts to export their aircraft to evade the exercise have prompted the NCS to begin immediate clampdowns.
Reports indicate that several operators of foreign-registered private jets have been temporarily flying their aircraft out of Nigeria to avoid scrutiny.
In the light of these developments, the NCS has taken pre-emptive measures by writing to the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority and the Nigerian Airspace Management Agency, requesting the cancellation of flight clearance approvals for the non-compliant private aircraft, including the luxury Gulfstream G650ER grounded at Lagos airport.
Experts in the Nigerian aviation industry have accused private jet operators of converting their private jet to chartered services, thereby violating Section 18.2.4.3 of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations (Nig.CARs) 2015.
This follows the indictment of Flints Aero Services Ltd, a private jet company by the Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau (NSIB) in its report on the crash some months ago.
A preliminary report released by NSIB had indicted Flints Aero Services Limited, the airline that flew Mr. Adebayo Adelabu, one of the ministers in President Bola Tinubu’s cabinet from Abuja to Ibadan Airport of violating the Air Operator Certificate (AOC) issued to it by the Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA).
According to him, the NCAA needed to up its surveillance on the private jet operators, insisting that some of them engage in hire and reward against the license issued to them.
Mshelia stated that chartered operators pay NCAA five percent of their Ticket Sales Charge (TSC) and other taxes required of them, but private operators evade this payment.
He insisted that it was an illegal conduct, which must be checked by the NCAA.
He said: “People with AOCs will get your bill at the end of the day and you pay it over time and this goes to government coffers. However, these are totally off the radar of taxes and when last I checked tax evasion is still a crime.
“Why will someone be operating and collecting money and not remitting the required five per cent?”
Mr. Chris Amokwu, an aviation analyst, also claimed that some of the private jet operators fly as much as three to four times to different destinations within the country doing charter, despite claiming to be a private jet operator.
Like Mshelia, Amokwu said this is against the civil aviation rule on hire and reward and wanted the NCAA to beam its searchlight on the activities of some of the private jet operators.
“They get a PNCF and someone flies this aircraft to Lagos three to four times a day. I’ve made this presentation to the CAA before.
“If you are doing your surveillance properly, how does someone who has a private operator license go to Lagos three, four times daily? He takes off in the morning and flies all over Nigeria daily, you should suspect him,” he said.
He challenged the NCAA to begin to ground the operations of any private jet that engages in such an act, maintaining that this could be easily detected by the apex regulatory body in the industry.
Flints Aero Services Limited was issued the non-commercial certificate, which indicated that it cannot airlift passengers for commercial purposes.
But the airline went ahead to operate a chartered operation, which meant that it charged the minister and his team some amount of money to airlift them from the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport (NAIA), Abuja to Ibadan Airport.
Adelabu and nine others, including two cockpit crew and one cabin crew, had, on November 3, 2023, about 10:00 p.m., involved in an air incident at Ibadan Airport where it had crash-landed into the bush.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a persistent global health concern that adversely impacts multiple sectors, including agriculture. The crisis is significant, as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates a potential annual loss of $3.4 trillion from the global gross domestic product (GDP). The financial impact is alarming and has the potential to push millions into extreme poverty. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has also emphasised the various consequences of AMR such as decreased food production, concerns regarding food safety, economic losses for farmers and environmental contamination, DANIEL ESSIET reports.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a major issue in global health which affects various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare and the environment. Farmers employ antibiotics to manage, prevent and combat animal diseases, thereby enhancing the efficiency of their livestock and operations.
Nevertheless, there is apprehension about the potential impact of regular antibiotic use in livestock on the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, which could adversely affect human and animal well-being.
Numerous studies have shed light on the prevailing trends and behaviours of livestock farmers in terms of the use of antibiotics.The studies have revealed that many farmers do not seek professional guidance from veterinarians for disease management and antibiotic use. Instead, they tend to disregard instructions on correct dosage, hoard leftover antibiotics and even share them with others who seek advice from non-veterinarian sources. Unfortunately, such practices significantly elevate the risk of AMR.
Currently, a considerable number of farmers view self-medication as a more cost-effective alternative to consulting a veterinarian, indicating a financial obstacle to obtaining proper veterinary care.
In Africa, where population density is often high and agricultural practices intensive, the challenges posed by AMR are particularly profound. The use of antimicrobials in livestock farming, aquaculture, and crop production contributes to the emergence and dissemination of resistant microbes.
For instance, the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in animal husbandry can lead to the development of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain or environmental contamination.
The Coordinator of the Economics Trade and Marketing Unit/Food Safety Officer of African Union Inter-Africa Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), John Oppong-Otoo highlighted the challenges posed by the increasing antimicrobial resistance.
“The rise of antimicrobial resistance complicates the treatment of infections in human and veterinary medicine; leading to much time spent in hospitals, increased mortality rates and higher healthcare costs.
In countries that have limited resources and healthcare infrastructure, the burden of AMR can be challenging to manage.
“Furthermore, the environmental dimension of AMR cannot be overlooked. The discharge of antimicrobial residues from agricultural runoff, pharmaceutical manufacturing and improper disposal of unused medications can contribute to the spread of resistance genes in soil, water, and air, impacting ecosystems and potentially exacerbating the problem,” he said.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and other African Union (AU) Agencies have recognised AMR as an urgent issue on the Continent. It is estimated that over two billion people in Africa, especially those in the agricultural industry, could be driven into extreme poverty as a result of the AMR threat. They emphasised that the spread of resistant bacteria does not respect borders and can present substantial risks to public health, food security and economic stability across the Continent.
Nevertheless, they argued that the existing national frameworks are insufficient in combating the threat of AMR. Both organisations are warning that a failure to adequately control the threat could lead to catastrophic consequences for individuals and the economy.
With data from various regions of Africa showing that marginalised communities are experiencing the adverse effects of pollution on agricultural lands, the AU has cautioned that lack of prompt interventions could result in severe repercussions for livestock production and food security.
The issue of rising impact of AMR is, undoubtedly, increasing worldwide, including Nigeria; encountering difficulties that are worsened by various socio-economic factors.
According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Nigeria and other low and middle-income countries are projected to suffer the most negative impact from AMR, potentially resulting in a loss of up to $100 trillion of global gross domestic product by 2050.
In the North, small-scale farmers are facing the detrimental effects of AMR, including animal-borne diseases which severely hurt the economy, the ecosystem and livelihoods in farming communities.
Overall, AMR is a threat to healthy and sustainable food systems, future economic growth and global public health, according to the Africa CDC and AU-IBAR teams of the African Union (AU). Both organisations have called for bold action to prevent serious consequences associated with the spread of AMR.
Ahead of the global leaders’ discussions at the High-level meeting on AMR of the United Nations General Assembly in September this year, it is critical to highlight the AMR progress. In 2020, African Heads of State and Governments demonstrated the highest political commitment toward addressing this issue by the Assembly/AU/Decl.3 (XXXIII) Declaration on African Common Position on Antimicrobial Resistance and further highlighting the political commitment of African countries to align their efforts and priorities in combating the effects of AMR.
Since then, AMR has received increased attention at the national and regional levels in Africa. Member states were encouraged to allocate financial resources for interventions and provide training for personnel towards effectively preventing and managing AMR as reflected in revised-cost NAPs.
Over the past several months, the Africa CDC and AU-IBAR have been actively developing a landmark report of African priorities and outcomes for AMR, ahead of a High-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to be convened by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in New York in September.
The meeting is crucial because it presents an important opportunity for world leaders to collectively address the looming threat that AMR poses to global health, food security and achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Already, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations has unveiled a 10-year strategy to reduce the need for antimicrobials on farms. This is in a bid to address the challenges posed by AMR in the agricultural sector.
AU is currently engaged in consultation meetings with experts from various sectors to develop a robust response strategy following the One Health approach. The experts prioritised areas to address AMR based on feasibility and impact potential.
The highest priority identified is mobilising funding and technical assistance for NAPs, followed by governance, coordination and clear ownership of AMR initiatives.
Promoting the One Health approach by integrating AMR into broader agendas is ranked third, while creating equitable financing opportunities is the final priority. A recent expert dialogue workshop held in May this year discussed these findings.
The forum was led by One Health Unit Lead, Africa CDC, Dr Yewande Alimi; Chairman of Nigeria Antimicrobial Resistance Coordination Committee and Infection Prevention and Control Programme Coordinator at Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Dr Tochi Okwor and Executive Director, ReAct Africa, Dr Mirfin Mpundu.
AMR experts across several countries discussed three crucial themes aimed at addressing the persistent issue of AMR in Africa. These include tackling AMR drivers, enhancing evidence and reporting methods and mobilising resources effectively.
The meeting was aimed at achieving key objectives such as sharing planned outcomes for the AMR High-level meeting at UNGA, identifying major challenges, brainstorming actionable solutions and advancing the AMR agenda for Africa. Emphasis was placed on governance, coordination and promotion of the One Health approach to effectively combat AMR. The participants at the workshop stressed the importance of equitable financing opportunities to realise the vision of AMR-free Africa.
The key messages from the workshop are being incorporated in drafting the African Union’s landmark AMR report, which will elevate the African voice at the UNGA’s AMR High-level meeting. Continued consultative engagements will be conducted in the coming months, ahead of the launch of the report this month.
Dr Yewande Alimi highlighted the fact that Africa carries the highest burden of AMR, which necessitates the need to get countries to establish and implement National Action Plans.
She also emphasised the importance of advocating for a One Health approach that integrates human, animal and environmental health sectors, as well as the need for robust surveillance and reporting systems.
Additionally, she addressed the importance of ensuring equitable access to essential antibiotics, vaccines and diagnostics while preventing their overuse and misuse, particularly among vulnerable populations.
The Federal Government’s recent launch of TELA maize varieties has sparked mixed reactions. In this special report, NICHOLAS KALU and JULIANA AGBO provide an in-depth analysis on the introduction and implications of genetically modified TELA maize in Nigeria, covering controversies, benefits, regulatory frameworks, and addressing concerns over food security, health impacts and socio-economic implications
The announcement that the Federal Government had launched the transgenic TELA maize varieties in the country raised concerns in some quarters. The TELA maize variety belongs to a category known as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). These crops have been genetically modified to be more resistant to pests and to yield more produce. The concerns raised by some GMO opponents prompted the House of Representatives to call for a halt to GMO crops in Nigeria pending an investigation by its committee.
In an attempt to address these concerns, the Federal Government stated that the launch of the TELA maize variety aims to close the national maize production deficit, estimated at six million tons annually. This effort is part of a broader agenda to ensure food security. To allay fears, the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Dr. Ali Pate, emphasised that the ministry is committed to the formulation, implementation, and support of health-related policies and programmes. Regarding genetically modified crops, the ministry is guided by the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), which operates under the Federal Ministry of Environment. The NBMA is responsible for ensuring that modern biotechnology and its products do not harm human health or the environment.
The TELA maize initiative is led by the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and other partners, and developed by the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State. This genetically modified maize is designed to be tolerant to drought and resistant to fall armyworm, a pest that farmers report can destroy nearly 100 per cent of maize in the field.
The Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Security, Senator Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi, stated at the launch that the TELA maize variety will address the national deficiency in maize production, which is estimated at six million tons annually. Abdullahi added that this deficit will be closed within the next three years if 1.5 million hectares of Nigeria’s six million hectares of farmland are used to plant the TELA variety. He explained that this would result in an average additional increase of 10.5 million metric tons, bringing national production to over 20 million metric tons.
This increase, he said, will not only make Nigeria self-sufficient in maize production but also enable the country to export around two million metric tons annually. According to Abdullahi, the positive impact of TELA maize will be felt across various sectors of the economy. He added that increased maize production will stimulate growth in related industries, create jobs, and drive rural development.
However, the Minister’s assurances have done little to quell the concerns of many people, which contributed to the resolution of the House of Representatives. The primary fear is that the TELA maize variety, being laboratory-made rather than naturally occurring, is part of a Western agenda led by Bill Gates. Critics argue that this agenda goes beyond economic exploitation and control, aiming at a more sinister goal: population reduction. These skeptics claim that the genetically modified varieties are not just insect-resistant but are injected with toxins intended to cause sterility and diseases, leading to death and reducing the population. They believe that the nutrients humans need have been removed from the crops and replaced with harmful substances.
According to these theories, past attempts to reduce the population through Ebola, HIV and COVID-19 failed because Africans relied on organic food. Now, the fear is that GMOs are the latest attempt to undermine the immune systems of Africans by replacing organic food with genetically modified alternatives. Some even believe this is part of a broader plot to replace humans with artificial intelligence. Additionally, there is concern that GMO seeds, including TELA maize, cannot be replanted, forcing farmers to buy new seeds every season, which can be modified at will.
Proponents of the TELA maize feel the government is not doing enough to enlighten the public and bridge the gaps that breed mistrust. Responding to queries on GMOs and TELA maize, Dr. Sylvester Oikeh, the TELA Maize Project Manager at the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), stated that there was no cause for alarm, dismissing the concerns as baseless. Addressing the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), Dr. Oikeh emphasised the importance of establishing their safety. He noted that GM foods that have passed regulatory scrutiny and been approved are considered safe to eat. This assessment is supported by various organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Nigeria’s National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), and numerous Academies of Sciences around the world.
He said, “For one reason or another, some countries chose to import GMO foods and not grow them. Examples are most countries in Europe while most countries chose to produce for local consumption and export surplus for income. Examples are USA, Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, to mention a few. Nigeria has joined such countries.”
Addressing concerns that China, which initiated GMO crops, and many other countries have banned them, Dr. Oikeh pointed out that China imports a significant quantity of GM soybeans and corn (maize) for both human and livestock feed. “In 2024, China approved 27 GM corn seed varieties and three GM soybean varieties for cultivation to bolster domestic production and reduce its reliance on imports. Other GM crops approved in China to be grown for commercial purposes, include corn, cotton, and papaya. The Federal Government of Nigeria also recognises the potential for some GM crops to be produced locally to bridge the productivity gap and reduce reliance on imports to save the huge foreign exchange on food imports for the country,” he said.
Addressing concerns that GMO crops will lead to loss of original and natural seeds planted over the years by farmers, he said, “There is no evidence that the introduction of GM crops will displace existing seed systems. Farmers have always decided what they want to plant. GM crop varieties are just one additional tool in the farmer’s toolbox to address the twin pressing needs of pest pressure and climate variability. Farmers are free to save their grains and use them for subsequent planting as ‘seeds.’ Regarding concerns that GMO crops will lead to increased and severe hunger because the seeds cannot be replanted, Dr. Oikeh clarified that farmers can choose to replant saved GMO grains as seeds, but the yield will drastically reduce. He said, “So, it is possible to save and replant grains as ‘seeds’ but the crop won’t be uniform on the field, and it loses a unique characteristic that scientists call hybrid vigour. It is a vigour because the genes from the original parents in the saved grains as ‘seeds’ start segregating, thus reducing the potential of the seeds.”
Dr. Oikeh also addressed concerns that farmers and traders are not adequately informed about GMO crops to make informed choices about whether to plant them. He explained that research and development for GM crops in Nigeria have been ongoing for more than 10 years at various research centers. Multiple confined field trials and national performance or variety certification trials have been conducted with farmers in different states. He noted that during these trials, information campaigns were undertaken to educate farmers and the public. For example, with PBR cowpea, farmers in cowpea-producing states have been sensitized and educated on the benefits and safety of the beans.
Reacting to the House of Representatives’ order to halt GMO crops in Nigeria pending an investigation, Dr. Oikeh emphasised that approvals for GM crops are granted by the Federal Government through its mandated agency, the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), along with other supporting institutions. These competent agencies closely examined and cleared TELA maize as safe for cultivation and consumption by the Nigerian public. Dr. Oikeh reassured the public of the health safety of TELA maize.
On fears about the health implications of consuming GMO seeds and taking substances alien to the body. Dr. Oikeh explained that GMO crops undergo rigorous health and safety research under the supervision of the NBMA to ensure they are safe for humans, livestock, and the environment.
According to him, Nigerian authorities adhere to the most rigorous global standards when approving crops for food and feed. Addressing accusations that the AATF and the Federal Government have a hidden agenda regarding GMOs, which is why they are being forced on the people, he emphasised that the government is the principal custodian of the health and safety of its citizens and would not authorise unsafe food or practices. He added that food security is a primary agenda for all countries worldwide, and Nigeria is keen to leverage the benefits of modern agricultural technology to transform the economy and reduce dependence on large food imports, which are often GM foods. The Principal Investigator of TELA Maize, Professor Rabiu Adamu, who led the team of scientists to develop the new crop varieties at the IAR, Zaria, highlighted the health benefits of adopting the hybrid maize varieties. According to Adamu, the widespread and intensive cultivation of TELA maize will have public health benefits, such as reducing grain damage, which predisposes the grains to mycotoxins. It will also decrease the usage of pesticides and reduce farmers’ exposure to pesticide hazards.
In the pursuit of food security and poverty reduction, Nigeria faces formidable challenges exacerbated by a confluence of factors. Despite committed efforts aligned with Sustainable Development Goals and the Zero Hunger Challenge, the landscape is marred by rising insecurity, exorbitant transportation costs, climate change impacts, and volatile naira exchange rates. These dynamics not only strain agricultural productivity but also threaten livelihoods and national economic stability. DANIEL ESSIET reports that the path forward demands strategic resilience and innovative solutions to safeguard food access, promote sustainable agriculture, and ensure a resilient future for all Nigerians
Innocent Mokidi, a Nasarawa-based agro-entrepreneur and CEO of Brote Urban Vegetable Farm and Processing Limited, stands as a shining example of success among young farmers. His journey from poultry farming to thriving in vegetable and soybean cultivation is deeply inspiring. By embracing new agricultural practices and diversifying crops, Mokidi has not only enhanced his own livelihood but also become a beacon of hope for fellow farmers in Nigeria. His successful soybean farming significantly boosted his income, enabling him to effortlessly cover his children’s tuition fees and expand into other profitable ventures. Today, he manages over 100 acres of maize and soybean fields, setting a high standard in agricultural entrepreneurship.
Recently, Mokidi highlighted the daunting challenges facing the agricultural sector. A sharp rise in the prices of crucial inputs like diesel, electricity, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides has posed significant obstacles for farmers. He noted that soaring diesel costs have particularly escalated transportation expenses, creating a ripple effect throughout the supply chain and burdening farmers with higher operational costs for transporting their products. “The cost of transporting agricultural commodities has gone over the roof and is really affecting the prices of agricultural goods in the market. A 30 tonne-truck from Kaduna to Lagos goes for nothing less than N1.5milion per trip as against N800, 000 in 2023. This is as a result of an increase in the price of diesel that now costs N1, 600 per litre as against N800 last year. Another factor is the high cost of vehicle spare parts. Farmers have not been able to farm this year as a result of the high cost of diesel and tractor spare parts.
“The present cost of ploughing a hectare of farm land is 60,000 as against 30,000 in 2023. This has really affected the production level of farmers this year in the sense that a farmer that cultivated 10 hectares late last year will be forced to cultivate three hectares this year. This means that though demand is high, supply of farm commodities is reduced, which has in turn driven up food prices,” he lamented.
He continued to express concern over the exorbitant costs of farming, emphasising how these financial burdens have compelled many farmers to scale back their operations. This reduction in farming activities has led to a decrease in the availability of agricultural commodities, subsequently driving up market prices. This troubling trend initiates a vicious cycle where diminishing output and escalating costs negatively impact both farmers and consumers alike. “Farming inputs keep spiralling due to the depreciation of the naira and the high rate of dollar. Most materials used in production of farming inputs are all imported. Take for instance the cost of 50kg NPK fertiliser in 2023 was N26, 000. The same 50kg of fertiliser is now sold for N43, 000. The removal of petrol subsidy also contributed immensely to the high increase in farming inputs, because materials for the production or finished products have to be transported from one location to another and these are all built into the cost of production of inputs. In 2023, a litre of diesel was selling for N800; now that same litre is going for N1, 200. We can’t implement mechanisation without using diesel to operate our tractors,” he said.
He warned, however, “If proper attention is not given to the rising cost of farming inputs, between 2024/2025, we are going to be facing a real food crisis. The facts are all there for all to see. What will happen is higher demand and lower supply which will result in an increase in price of foodstuffs.”
In the face of these challenges, the resilience and determination of farmers such as Mokidi are commendable. Their ability to adapt, innovate, and persevere in the face of adversity underscores the crucial role of agriculture in Nigeria’s economy and the importance of supporting farmers in overcoming the obstacles they encounter.
Eupepsia Place Limited’s Team Lead, farmer Ogbole Samson, stands as a pioneering figure in revolutionising Nigeria’s agricultural sector through determination and modern farming techniques. An early adopter of hydroponic methods, which allow plants to thrive in water-based nutrient solutions rather than soil, Samson has demonstrated how these innovations can be harnessed in any greenhouse or nursery, regardless of the season, with the right technology. By focusing on higher-return crops, Samson has significantly increased productivity on his farm. He also plays a crucial role in educating fellow farmers on hydroponic techniques, offering them the opportunity to operate in weather-resistant farming environments unlike those in traditional agriculture.
Samson’s ultimate goal is to achieve food self-sufficiency in Nigeria and reduce dependence on imported vegetables. His farm cultivates a diverse range of produce, including strawberries, showcasing both personal success and the potential for young farmers to enhance the country’s agricultural output. His vision extends to inspiring more youth to embrace agribusiness, ensuring that initiatives like his continue to drive positive change in the sector.
In light of climate change and urban land scarcity, innovative and sustainable farming practices like hydroponics present promising solutions. However, the persistent challenge lies in the high costs associated with adopting these methods. Previously, establishing a hydroponic farm cost between ₦500,000 to ₦2,000,000, depending on the size and materials of the structures and greenhouses. Presently, the entry cost for a quality structure starts at ₦3,000,000 and continues to rise. Hydroponic farming necessitates significant investments in infrastructure and equipment, with fluctuations in exchange rates further impacting the costs of importing essential parts.
He noted: “We depend on imports for input; the fall of the naira will by default affect the cost of farming operations. There is also the reality of climate change which as a nation we have not adequately prepared for. The fact that we do not have a price floor for our farmers put them at the mercy of reality. There is global inflation and Nigeria as a nation is not immune; and with the reality of our everyday life, fuel subsidy removed, and lots of other policies. This will also affect the farmers who are a big chunk in the community.”
Over the past four years, the agricultural sector has grappled with a dramatic surge in input costs, with prices of essentials like diesel, electricity, seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides skyrocketing by 200 to 250 percent. Consequently, production levels across various crops—vegetables, fruits, and oilseeds—have seen declines ranging from 45 to 65 per cent. Farmers are increasingly calling for enhanced security measures to address the pervasive insecurity in farming communities. They argue that improving security is essential for creating a conducive environment where agricultural activities can thrive. Among those advocating for these measures is Raymos Guanah, former Senior Special Assistant to the Deputy Senate President and CEO of Raymos Guanah Farms Limited, based in Delta State. His agribusiness encompasses rice, pineapple, plantains, bananas, cassava, okra, vegetables and fish farming, highlighting his commitment to diverse agricultural production despite the challenges.
In an interview with The Nation, Guanah highlighted the detrimental effects of insecurity on agriculture. He emphasised that the escalation of attacks by armed groups on farmlands, coupled with the prevalence of kidnapping, has created an atmosphere of terror and fear in the farm areas. The climate of insecurity, according to him, has significantly impacted food security and contributed to the rising costs of farming. His words: “One of the major drivers of the spiralling cost of farming is insecurity. Farmers are killed and robbed.”
Guanah’s concerns resonate with the broader struggles of farmers nationwide, emphasising the critical necessity for immediate action to tackle insecurity in rural areas. Recent reports reveal alarming statistics: farmers in the North-West region alone have paid approximately N139.5 million in levies to bandits between 2020 and 2023. A detailed study titled ‘Levies or Lives – The Dilemma of Farmers in Northern Nigeria,’ conducted by SBM Intelligence, underscores the severity of the situation, noting that bandits imposed a total of N224.9 million in levies on farmers during this period. These figures highlight the dual challenge faced by farmers—economic extortion and threats to personal safety—that urgently require effective solutions. “All these make things difficult for those who depend on agriculture for their livelihood and worsen food availability and affordability in the country. Across the north in the past four years, militants have made a fortune through various levies imposed on agrarian communities running into millions, which have exacerbated food insecurity and made people poorer,” the report said.
The report further highlights that the escalation of banditry and armed attacks has severely disrupted livelihoods and essential service distribution across the Northwest region, affecting states like Kaduna, Katsina, Zamfara, and parts of Jigawa. These security challenges not only threaten the safety of residents but also undermine agricultural activities and the overall economic stability of these areas. Addressing these issues is crucial to restoring normalcy and fostering sustainable development in the affected communities. “For farmers in these areas, working on their farms poses a dual risk: either they attempt to harvest their crops with hopes of earning a living, or they pay hefty ransoms to save themselves from abductors,” it said.
The regime of illegal levies and taxes not only undermines the livelihoods of farmers but also perpetuates a vicious cycle of violence and instability. It’s deeply concerning that farmers are compelled to surrender a portion of their hard-earned harvest to armed bandits. Zubairu Abdulra’uf, a Community leader in the Birnin Gwari Emirate of Kaduna State, revealed that farmers in the area have paid a staggering amount—approximately N400 million—in levies and taxes to these criminal groups. He further noted that across Birnin-Gwari Local Government, the total extortion could amount to between N300 million to N400 million. Additionally, farmers are coerced into giving up two bags out of every 10 bags of assorted grains as part of these imposed taxes, exacerbating their already significant financial burdens.
His remarks underscore a deeply troubling reality where farmers are left to fend for themselves against external threats due to inadequate protection or support from authorities, indicating a rise in insecurity in the region. Recently, former Sokoto State Governor Attahiru Bafarawa spoke out against the activities of bandits in Northern Nigeria. He disclosed that bandits had forced him to abandon his expansive 10,000-hectare farmland in Kaduna State. Bafarawa highlighted that the escalating prices of food items across the country are directly linked to the pervasive banditry in the area. Moreover, he lamented that decisions on which farms can be cultivated in his community are dictated by these criminal elements. Bafarawa’s remarks serve as a stark reminder of the severe impact of insecurity on agriculture, posing threats not only to farmers’ livelihoods but also contributing significantly to food insecurity and inflation in Nigeri a.
Dr. Victor Iyama, President of the Federation of Agricultural Commodity Association (FACAN), has also expressed grave concerns over the escalating insecurity facing farmers. He suggested that farmers should be constitutionally empowered to carry firearms for self-defence if the government fails to fulfil its duty to provide security. Iyama highlighted the dire situation in the agricultural sector, noting that extensive farmlands are being abandoned due to threats from bandits. He cited incidents where people have been abducted on their way to farm, and cattle have been stolen by rustlers. These security challenges not only disrupt farming activities but also increase production costs as farmers face constant threats and harassment.
The FACAN President emphasised the potential consequences of this insecurity on food production, warning of a possible decrease in agricultural output if farmers continue to be unable to work on their lands safely. He also expressed concerns about farmers losing interest in farming altogether due to heavy taxes imposed by bandits, further exacerbating the agricultural crisis in affected regions.
Guanah also noted: “The level of insecurity in the country is largely responsible for the challenge of food insecurity we face today. When farmers don’t have an enabling and peaceful environment to cultivate their crops, the implication is that the country’s volume of food production will be negatively affected. Agricultural activities are mostly concentrated in rural areas, and the rural areas are not safe now. Villagers are being attacked, killed and kidnapped, and these are the people that produce the food we eat.”
Head of operations, Anastasia Marie Nig. Ltd, Sunday Etimensi, noted: “If you are lucky your farm land is not grazed, the herders will wait for you at the point of harvest.
Young agro entrepreneur, Rishama Aboki Solomon also known as Prince the Farmer, expressed deep concern over the current state of the agricultural sector, which is rapidly deteriorating. Solomon, who runs Blessed Frarigo Enterprise in Karu, Nasarawa State, identified the rising cost of farm inputs as the main cause of this decline. He lamented: “The primary culprit behind this decline is the escalating cost of farm inputs. Compounding this issue are factors such as inflation, insecurity, a lack of innovation within the industry, and ineffective implementation of government policies aimed at supporting agriculture.”
Richard Mbaram, Director General of the Feed Nigeria Summit Secretariat, has underscored significant challenges impeding efforts to enhance food security in Nigeria. Despite the Federal Government’s commitment to achieving food and nutrition security in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals and the Zero Hunger Challenge, Mbaram highlighted several persistent obstacles.
Among these challenges are insecurity, high transportation costs, climate change, and the instability of the naira exchange rate. Mbaram noted that fluctuations in the naira exchange rate contribute to increased costs of both imported and domestically produced agricultural inputs. This economic volatility adds another layer of complexity to the agricultural sector’s endeavors to achieve food security and alleviate poverty in the country. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial for sustaining efforts aimed at improving food security and economic stability in Nigeria.
He noted: “Presently, there are varied dynamics contributing to upend market realities in the agricultural sector. Factors contributing to this trend include insecurity, high transportation costs, climate change, and the instability of the naira exchange rate. Insecurity, such as conflict and political instability, disrupts supply chains particularly for agricultural inputs, leading to scarcity and higher prices.”
The Chief of Staff at OCP Africa, Caleb Usoh, underscores the pivotal role of the agricultural sector in driving economic prosperity. He however, highlighted existing challenges that impede its transformation into a competitive, environmentally friendly, self-sufficient, and export-oriented industry. He noted: “Most of the agriculture inputs are imported and like every imported product they are affected by the high FX rate. The immediate action by the government to alleviate the problem of cost of input could be a temporary suspension of duties and taxes on importation of inputs.’
The Co-founder & Managing Director of Lancaster Farms, Engr. Patrick Obidoyin, has been actively advocating for the maintenance of moderate levels of food inflation. He believes that the agricultural sector can consistently perform well by continuously innovating farming practices, improving crop varieties, and adopting essential technologies to meet the increasing demands for diverse and nutritious food supplies. Despite the significant domestic food production, Obidoyin attributed the escalating costs of farming to unfavourable weather conditions, security issues, and high import prices. These high costs of farming inputs not only contribute to inflation but also pose a risk to food security. He emphasised, “This is primarily due to the overall inflation in the cost of inputs in Nigeria and the additional pressure on farmers caused by security challenges.”
As the agriculture outlook delivers a mixed outlook for farmers, with economic challenges and continuing high production costs cited as the main dampeners, the Country Director, Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) Nigeria, Dr. Godwin Atser noted that the prevailing record of low yield per hectare nationwide is making it difficult for farmers to unlock the gains in productivity and income that will lead to economic and social development gains. He pointed out, “Yield per hectare is low. This leads to low annual production of key crops such as cassava, maize, rice, and cowpea. Government needs to invest in extension and research so that improved technologies can get to farmers. Sasakawa Africa Association is willing to support the government of Nigeria in this direction. Last month we commissioned Rice Value Chain Development Centres valued at about $800,000 in Nasarawa state to address the constraints to rice transformation.”
Across Nigeria, abortion remains a taboo subject, often cloaked in stigma and silence in both northern and southern regions. Beneath this façade lies a harsh reality: women silently grapple with intense emotional trauma, encounter harsh societal judgment and ostracism, and face life-threatening risks due to restrictive abortion laws that frequently push many into seeking unsafe procedures. Associate Editor ADEKUNLE YUSUF delves into the severe challenges women face within Nigeria’s complex cultural, religious and legal landscape, emphasising an urgent need for systemic reforms to overhaul retrogressive policies and create a healthcare system that guarantees safe, accessible services and protects women’s reproductive rights.
Ada’s story begins in the bustling city of Lagos, where the vibrant energy of the metropolis belies her inner turmoil. At 24, Ada found herself pregnant and unprepared, caught in the throes of an unplanned pregnancy with her boyfriend, who quickly vanished upon hearing the news. “I felt like I was drowning,” Ada recalls, her voice a fragile whisper. “Everywhere I turned, there was judgment, and no one to turn to for help.”
The decision to terminate the pregnancy was not an easy one. Ada endured the procedure in a dingy, unlicensed clinic, the fear of discovery weighing heavily on her. The physical pain was excruciating, but it was the psychological aftermath of procuring abortion from an unlicensed source that left the deepest scars. “After the procedure at the unlicensed clinic, I struggled with regret and unease. The conditions were poor, and I didn’t receive the care I needed. It left me with a lot of anxiety and discomfort, which made it hard to move forward,” she said in a voice tinged with sadness.
Overwhelmed by profound confusion and emotional turmoil, Ada retreated into isolation, distancing herself from friends and family. Her once vibrant personality diminished into a shadow of its former self as she struggled with depression and anxiety, largely caused by the misguided treatment of dubious practitioners. It was only through the intervention of a compassionate therapist that Ada began to find a glimmer of hope. “Talking to someone who didn’t judge me was a lifeline,” Ada says, a faint smile breaking through the gloom. “I’m still healing, but I’m learning to forgive myself and find peace.”
Bolu’s story also begins in the labyrinthine streets of Lagos, a city teeming with life yet indifferent to her plight. She dreamt of a future adorned with education and opportunity, but fate had inscribed a different path. At 19, burdened by the weight of poverty and fear, Bolu found herself pregnant, trapped in the throes of desperation. In a society that offered no sanctuary for the voiceless, she sought refuge in the shadows of clandestine clinics to escape the treacherous terrain of an unwanted pregnancy.
Her tale reverberates through the halls of anonymity, a voice stifled by societal stigma. “I had no choice,” she whispers, her eyes clouded with tears and her voice trembling with regret. With nowhere to turn, Bolu sought solace in the shadows of back-alley clinics. The clandestine procedure promised liberation but delivered only agony. Alone and abandoned, Bolu’s voice faded into the abyss, another casualty of a system indifferent to her suffering. Behind closed doors, she endured the torment of a perilous procedure, her screams swallowed by the void of despair.
In the rural hinterlands of Kano, Fatima’s life was a tapestry of tradition and familial expectations. Forcefully ‘married’ off at 16, she had already borne three children by the age of twenty-one. When she discovered she was pregnant again, the weight of her responsibilities threatened to crush her. “My husband and I could barely provide for the children we already had,” Fatima explains, her voice tinged with despair. “I felt like I was failing my family.” The decision to seek an abortion was fraught with danger. In a region where abortion is not only restricted but deeply stigmatised, Fatima risked everything to protect her family’s future. The procedure was clandestine and perilous, performed by a local healer with rudimentary tools. “The pain was unbearable, but the worst part was the fear,” she recalls. “I was terrified of being found out, of being ostracised by my community.”
Fatima’s ordeal did not end with the procedure. She was haunted by nightmares and an overwhelming sense of guilt. In a society where mental health support is scarce, Fatima’s struggle went unnoticed, her pain a silent burden. “I couldn’t talk to anyone about what I went through,” she says, her eyes downcast. “I felt so alone, like I was carrying a dark secret that no one could understand,” she said after patronising quacks. It was through a women’s support group that Fatima found a semblance of relief. Sharing her story with others who had faced similar experiences provided a sense of solidarity and healing. “Knowing I wasn’t alone made all the difference,” she reflects. “It’s still hard, but I’m learning to live with my choices and find strength in my journey.”
The trio are united by a shared plight, similar to Ngozi’s, whose life in Enugu is a testament to resilience and determination. A successful businesswoman, Ngozi had always been in control of her destiny. But when an unplanned pregnancy threatened to derail her career, she made a choice that would haunt her for years. “I thought I could handle it, that I could just move on,” Ngozi admits, her voice trembling. “But the guilt and regret were like a constant weight on my shoulders.”
The abortion was a clinical procedure in a private hospital, far removed from the dangerous backstreet clinics. Yet, despite the sterile environment, the emotional aftermath was anything but clean. “I couldn’t look at myself in the mirror,” she confides. “I felt like I had betrayed my own values, like I was unworthy of happiness,” Ngozi said, her once unwavering confidence shattered. She became withdrawn and consumed by self-loathing, struggling to find purpose in her life. It was only through the intervention of a compassionate friend that Ngozi began to seek help.
Recounting her experience, Ngozi reflects on a pivotal moment shaped by the STOP guidelines, which emphasise the importance of comprehensive care through Safety, Timeliness, Options, and Privacy. She recounts, “She didn’t judge me; she just listened.” This moment of empathy and support was pivotal for Ngozi. The counsellor’s encouragement to seek therapy marked the beginning of Ngozi’s journey toward healing. The support Ngozi received was not merely procedural but profoundly transformative. It helped her confront the trauma she had endured and start to rebuild her sense of self-worth. Through therapy, Ngozi began to address her emotional wounds and found solace, a crucial step in her recovery. Her experience with mental health support also ignited a new purpose in her life. She became a passionate advocate for mental health awareness and reproductive rights, driven by her personal journey.
“I realised that my story could help others,” Ngozi reflects with renewed determination. “I’m not defined by my past, but by how I choose to move forward.” This transformation highlights the profound impact that adhering to the STOP guidelines can have on individuals. By ensuring that care is provided with compassion and respect, the STOP guidelines underscore the essential role of counselling in healing and empowerment.
Ngozi’s story illustrates the power of the STOP framework in enhancing abortion care. By prioritising Safety, Timeliness, Options, and Privacy, the guidelines not only help reduce the dangers associated with unsafe procedures but also support women’s emotional and psychological well-being. Through these principles, healthcare providers can offer high-quality, patient-centred care that fosters healing and supports women’s autonomy and dignity. In addressing Nigeria’s challenging abortion statistics, embracing the STOP guidelines can lead to meaningful improvements in both the quality of care and the overall health outcomes for women. Ngozi’s journey serves as a testament to the transformative potential of compassionate care, demonstrating that, when women receive support that respects their dignity and choices, they can overcome their challenges and contribute positively to the community.
Periscoping the abortion landscape in Nigeria
Abortion, a deeply complex and contentious issue in Nigeria, is shaped by a multifaceted blend of cultural, religious and legal factors, creating a challenging landscape for women seeking reproductive health services. The rich cultural tapestry, interwoven with diverse traditions and beliefs, significantly influences perspectives on abortion, presenting a complex dilemma that urgently calls for reform.
To exacerbate the situation, cultural attitudes toward abortion are often reinforced by the teachings of the country’s major religions. Both Christianity and Islam, the predominant faiths, generally oppose abortion on the grounds of the sanctity of life, profoundly shaping public opinion and reproductive health policies. In Islam for example, the topic of abortion is approached with considerable nuance, reflecting the religion’s deep respect for the sanctity of life. Central to Islamic thought is the belief that human life is sacred and must be protected. This principle underpins the general stance on abortion, which varies depending on the stage of pregnancy and the circumstances surrounding it. The Quran and Hadith place significant emphasis on the protection of life, establishing a strong foundation for the prohibition against taking life unjustly. Abortion is typically viewed as a serious matter due to the belief that human life begins at conception, though the specific timing of ensoulment—the moment when the soul is believed to enter the foetus—plays a crucial role in determining the permissibility of abortion.
According to many Islamic scholars, ensoulment is thought to occur around 120 days into the pregnancy, or roughly four months. This belief is based on Hadiths that suggest the soul enters the foetus at this stage. Consequently, abortion is generally considered impermissible after this period unless there are compelling reasons. Before this point, there is more flexibility, but opinions vary among different scholars and schools of thought. Exceptions to the prohibition on abortion include situations where continuing the pregnancy poses a serious risk to the mother’s life or health. In such cases, clerics say preserving the life of the mother is prioritised, and abortion may be permitted. Additionally, some scholars allow abortion if severe foetal abnormalities are detected, particularly if these abnormalities are so severe that the child would face immense suffering or would not survive long after birth.
However, abortion for social or economic reasons is typically not permitted in Islam. The religion emphasises the responsibility of providing for a child and the sanctity of life, suggesting that decisions around abortion should be approached with this in mind. The interpretation of these principles can differ based on the Islamic jurisprudence school one follows—Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, or Hanbali—each offering its own perspective on the issue. Additionally, as clerics explained, local cultural and legal contexts can influence how these principles are applied in different Muslim-majority countries.
In Christianity, abortion is also approached through a variety of interpretations, reflecting the diverse beliefs within the world’s most followed religion. Also, central to most Christian views on abortion is the belief in the sanctity of human life. Christian perspectives on abortion often emphasise that life is sacred from conception or an early stage of pregnancy. This belief is supported by passages in the Bible such as Psalm 139:13-16, which speaks of God’s involvement in the formation of life in the womb, and Jeremiah 1:5, which suggests that God knows individuals even before they are born. These scriptures contribute to the view that human life begins at conception and should be protected.
But in Roman Catholicism, the stance on abortion is notably strict. The Catholic Church teaches that life begins at conception and that abortion is morally unacceptable in all circumstances except perhaps to save the life of the mother. This position is grounded in the belief that every human life is sacred from the moment of conception until natural death. The Church’s teaching is clear in its opposition to abortion, reflecting its deep commitment to the sanctity of life. Similarly, the Eastern Orthodox Church holds a generally opposing view on abortion, considering it a serious moral wrong. Orthodox teachings align with the belief in the sanctity of life from conception, though they recognise that complex situations may arise. In cases where the mother’s life is in danger, the Orthodox Church may allow for abortion, though this is typically viewed as a last resort.
The law versus moral sentiments
Nigeria’s abortion laws are shaped by a combination of cultural, religious and legal factors, resulting in a highly restrictive environment. The legal framework is governed by two primary codes: the Criminal Code, which applies to the southern regions, and the Penal Code, which is in effect in the northern regions. Both codes impose stringent restrictions on abortion, allowing it only under very specific circumstances.
In southern Nigeria, where the Criminal Code prevails, abortion is prohibited except when it is necessary to save the life of the mother. Those who perform or assist in an abortion, including using abortion-inducing drugs, face severe legal consequences. The Criminal Code stipulates imprisonment for up to 14 years for anyone involved in such procedures. Similarly, in the northern regions of Nigeria, where the Penal Code is enforced, abortion is also illegal except to save the life of the mother. The Penal Code prescribes the same level of imprisonment—up to 14 years—for individuals who perform or facilitate an abortion. This includes women who seek abortions and those who provide or use abortion-inducing drugs.
According to abortion rights advocates, the legal restrictions reflect the deep cultural and religious influences across Nigeria. In the predominantly Muslim northern states, the Penal Code governs abortion laws, while in the predominantly Christian southern states, the Criminal Code is applied. Despite the regional differences in legal codes, the underlying restrictions and penalties are similar, largely driven by the country’s strong opposition to abortion rooted in cultural and religious beliefs. The restrictive nature of these laws creates significant challenges within Nigeria’s healthcare system. Access to safe abortion services is extremely limited due to the stigma associated with abortion and the unclear guidelines regarding permissible exceptions. As a result, many women are forced to seek unsafe methods or clandestine procedures, which can lead to serious health complications or even death.
In Nigeria, abortion laws and guidelines vary significantly by state due to differences in local regulations and interpretations of federal laws. Lagos State, for example, the Lagos State Ministry of Health issued guidelines to provide clearer regulations on the circumstances under which abortions can be legally performed. In Osun State, guidelines have been implemented to regulate abortion services with a focus on medical and health-related justifications. The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, has specific regulations and guidelines for abortion services, influenced by federal laws and policies. Similarly, Ekiti and Ogun states have developed their own guidelines that outline a framework for abortion services, emphasising health and safety considerations.
Despite these state-level guidelines, Nigeria’s overall legal framework for abortion remains highly restrictive and conservative. These state-specific regulations operate within the broader context of national laws and prevailing cultural attitudes, which frequently limit access to abortion services throughout the country. For example, Lagos State’s progressive abortion guidelines, introduced in 2020 to enhance access to safe abortion services under certain conditions—such as health risks to the mother or severe fetal abnormalities—were developed by leading medical and legal experts to address critical healthcare needs. However, these guidelines faced significant backlash from religious and social groups, leading to their suspension. Similarly, in 2023, Anambra State introduced guidelines intended to improve access to safe abortion services under specific conditions, but these also encountered strong opposition, resulting in their suspension. This ongoing situation underscores the persistent conflict between advancing healthcare policies and deeply rooted cultural and religious beliefs in Nigeria. Consequently, both Lagos and Anambra states reverted to the more restrictive national legal framework on abortion, illustrating the complex interplay of legal, cultural and political factors that shape reproductive health policies.
The impact on women navigating Nigeria’s abortion landscape is both profound and distressing. Dr. Kehinde Okunade, Secretary of the Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON) in Lagos, underscores that severe legal penalties surrounding abortion deter both women and healthcare professionals from pursuing legal services. This climate of fear frequently drives women toward unsafe and dangerous alternatives. The legal and social barriers create formidable obstacles for women seeking safe abortion care, highlighting the urgent need for legal reform to protect their health and rights.
Reproductive health experts assert that this restrictive legal framework does not diminish the demand for abortions but pushes it into clandestine settings, where procedures are performed under unsafe conditions that endanger women’s lives. The complex interplay of cultural, religious and legal factors creates an environment rife with challenges, including legal risks, health hazards, and deep-seated fears of societal rejection and moral condemnation. This amalgamation of issues contributes to a concealed crisis, where the experiences and voices of women are often marginalised and ignored, further emphasising the necessity for thoughtful and compassionate reform.
Dr. Moriam Olaide Jagun, Executive Director of the Centre for Bridging Health Gaps (CBHGaps), highlights a critical issue: unsafe, clandestine abortions contribute to approximately 6,000 maternal deaths each year. The pervasive climate of fear often deters medical professionals from performing abortions, even when legally permitted, exacerbating the crisis. This hesitation disproportionately impacts marginalized and vulnerable populations, as wealthier individuals can more readily access safe abortion services.
The consequences are severe. Dr. Jagun emphasises that high maternal mortality rates adversely affect families, particularly existing children, by threatening their survival and overall well-being. Families face reduced incomes, and female children may be forced into caregiving roles, which can lead to school dropouts and perpetuate cycles of poverty. Cultural factors—such as prevailing norms, stigma, and discrimination—further complicate the issue, while hypocrisy also plays a role, as attitudes towards abortion can shift depending on who is affected.
Efforts by medical associations, such as the Nigerian Medical Association and the Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, to broaden legal indications for abortion have been stymied by religious and moral objections. Dr. Jagun argues that the enforcement of legal standards should be the domain of the police and judiciary, rather than being swayed by moral judgments. She emphasises that men and community leaders must play a pivotal role in driving change by fostering empathy and reducing stigma. Advocacy should focus on the effective implementation of existing laws and addressing gaps in legal indications, such as those related to malformed foetuses. Dr. Jagun calls for a united effort to overcome cultural and religious barriers, ensuring that abortion laws are applied fairly and effectively to safeguard women’s health and rights.
Inside Nigeria’s frightening abortion statistics
Nigeria’s abortion statistics present a stark and alarming picture, reflecting a crisis that is both deeply entrenched and profoundly urgent. The scale of the issue is underscored by data from reputable organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the Guttmacher Institute, and the World Bank. Reports from these credible institutions portray the gravity of Nigeria’s abortion statistics, revealing the interplay of unsafe practices, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socio-cultural barriers that exacerbate the problem.
Abortion remains a contentious issue in Nigeria, where restrictive laws and societal attitudes converge to create a perilous environment for women seeking this essential medical procedure. According to the Guttmacher Institute, Nigeria experiences one of the highest rates of unsafe abortions in the world. It is estimated that approximately 1.25 million abortions occur annually in Nigeria, with nearly 40% of these being unsafe—a statistic that places Nigeria among the highest in terms of unsafe abortion rates globally. This dire situation is compounded by the fact that about 50,000 women die each year due to complications arising from unsafe abortions, translating to an average of around 140 maternal deaths per day.
Unsafe abortions are a significant public health challenge, with the WHO reporting that they contribute substantially to maternal mortality rates. Unsafe abortion procedures are often carried out under unsanitary conditions, by untrained practitioners, or through hazardous methods that endanger the lives of women. The NDHS reveals that maternal mortality in Nigeria stands at an alarming rate of 512 deaths per 100,000 live births, a figure that starkly highlights the broader implications of unsafe abortion practices.
But the impact of unsafe abortions extends beyond the immediate health risks. According to Prof. Adesegun Fatusi, a community medicine/public health expert and president of the Academy for Health Development (AHEAD), who reiterates that unsafe abortion is the fourth leading cause of death among pregnant women in low and medium-income countries, warns that women who undergo unsafe abortions are at a higher risk of developing long-term complications, including chronic pain, infection, bleeding, infertility, psychological trauma, and even death. These complications can drastically affect a woman’s quality of life, further entrenching cycles of poverty and marginalisation, particularly in a country where access to healthcare services is already limited.
“Interestingly and importantly, unsafe abortion is preventable; that is why we must act to prevent unsafe abortions. In Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, about three- quarters of abortions are unsafe and that is why the risk of dying is very high in Africa and remains a challenge. The proportion that has an unsafe abortion in West Africa amounts to 85 per cent while; less than 15 per cent have a safe abortion in some advanced economic nations. Abortion becomes unsafe when there is a lack of access to safe abortion; often but not always determined by the legal restriction,” he said during a webinar in 2021 on media coverage of unsafe abortion in Nigeria.
Prof Fatusi and other experts are united in their belief that the restrictive legal framework surrounding abortion in Nigeria exacerbates the issue. The country’s abortion laws are among the most stringent in the world, permitting abortion only under very limited circumstances, such as to save the life of the woman or in cases of rape or incest. This legal rigidity leaves many women without recourse to safe and legal abortion services, forcing them into the hands of clandestine providers. The Guttmacher Institute highlights that 88% of abortions in Nigeria are performed illegally, often in dangerous conditions that further jeopardise women’s health.
Cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards abortion in Nigeria. The country’s diverse population includes a range of religious and cultural perspectives, many of which are strongly opposed to abortion. These attitudes contribute to the stigma and secrecy surrounding the procedure, discouraging women from seeking help and reinforcing barriers to accessing safe services. The World Bank underscores that societal attitudes and cultural norms are critical factors influencing reproductive health outcomes, and Nigeria’s restrictive environment is a stark example of how these factors can hinder progress.
The repercussions of high maternal mortality rates and unsafe abortions extend beyond individual health concerns to impact broader socio-economic structures. Families affected by the loss of a mother face significant economic burdens, including loss of income and increased caregiving responsibilities. According to the World Bank, the economic impact of maternal mortality and morbidity is substantial, with families often facing reduced household income and increased healthcare costs. Moreover, the ripple effects of unsafe abortions can perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality. The Guttmacher Institute points out that women who experience complications from unsafe abortions are often forced to leave the workforce or reduce their economic activities, further entrenching their socio-economic disadvantage. Female children in these families may also face increased responsibilities, such as caregiving or household duties, which can lead to school dropouts and reduced future economic opportunities.
‘Right to abortion as a human right issue’
The WHO and the United Nations (UN) have articulated clear and compelling positions regarding the right to abortion, underscoring its significance as a crucial component of reproductive health and human rights. These positions emphasise the necessity of ensuring safe, legal, and accessible abortion services to protect women’s health and promote gender equality. In its “Safe abortion: Technical and policy guidance for health systems” (2012), the WHO asserts, “Safe abortion is a core component of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services. Unsafe abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Access to safe abortion services is essential to preventing unsafe abortions and reducing maternal deaths.” This statement underscores the critical role of legally sanctioned, medically supervised abortions in safeguarding women’s health. Unsafe abortion procedures, which often result from restrictive laws and limited access to care, significantly contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity. The WHO’s position is clear: to protect women’s health and save lives, access to safe abortion services must be guaranteed.
The WHO further elaborates on the impact of restrictive abortion laws in its “Abortion care guideline” (2022), noting, “Legal restrictions on abortion do not reduce the number of abortions but rather force women to seek unsafe procedures. Ensuring that abortion services are safe, legal, and accessible is vital for improving maternal health outcomes and achieving health equity.” This guidance highlights a fundamental truth: restrictive laws do not decrease the incidence of abortion but instead push women towards unsafe, clandestine procedures that endanger their lives. The WHO advocates for removing legal barriers to ensure that abortion services are safe, accessible, and equitable, thus improving overall health outcomes.
In its broader view on reproductive rights, the WHO’s “Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health” (2016) stresses, “Women’s reproductive rights are human rights. Every woman should have access to safe and legal abortion services, free from coercion, stigma and discrimination. These rights are essential to achieving health and well-being.” This perspective positions reproductive rights, including access to safe abortion, as fundamental human rights. Upholding these rights is essential not only for women’s health but also for their overall well-being.
Similarly, the United Nations also staunchly supports the right to safe and legal abortion as a cornerstone of reproductive health and human rights. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) asserts, “Every woman has the right to make decisions about her own body and to access quality sexual and reproductive health services. This includes the right to safe and legal abortion. Access to abortion care is critical to ensuring women’s health, dignity, and autonomy.” This statement from the UNFPA reinforces the idea that reproductive autonomy, including the right to choose abortion, is vital for women’s health, dignity and independence.
The UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which oversees the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, has highlighted the importance of access to safe abortion services. CEDAW states, “States parties should ensure that laws regulating abortion do not result in women being forced to seek unsafe procedures. Adequate health care services, including safe abortion, must be accessible to all women.” This position underscores the need for legal frameworks that facilitate access to safe and legal abortion services. Restrictive laws that lead women to seek unsafe procedures are seen as a violation of their rights and health.
In relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the UN emphasises the importance of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, including safe abortion. The UN Secretary-General’s Strategy on Youth (2018) notes, “To achieve SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), countries must ensure that every woman and girl has access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, including safe abortion. This is vital for reducing maternal mortality and improving overall health outcomes.” This statement reflects the UN’s recognition that access to safe abortion is crucial for achieving health-related SDG targets and improving health outcomes for women and girls.
The UN Human Rights Committee has also affirmed that restrictive abortion laws infringe upon women’s human rights. The Committee states, “Restrictions on abortion services, particularly those that lead to unsafe procedures, violate women’s rights to health, privacy, and life. The international human rights framework supports the decriminalisation of abortion and the provision of safe, legal services.” This position highlights that restrictive laws can violate fundamental human rights, including the rights to health, privacy, and life. The Committee advocates for the decriminalization of abortion and the availability of safe and legal services as crucial for protecting women’s rights.
The way forward
Despite the progress made in advocating for safe and legal abortion, the Nigerian context remains fraught with challenges. Women often seek abortions due to unintended pregnancies, inadequate access to contraception, socio-economic pressures, and the stigma associated with pregnancy outside of marriage. These factors not only complicate their decision-making but also heighten their vulnerability. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach. Improving access to contraception, ensuring safe abortion services, and training healthcare providers are crucial steps.
Juliet Ottoh, a clinical psychiatrist at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), emphasises the crucial role of mental health support in empowering women to navigate their choices and assert their autonomy. “We believe that a policy focused on improving mental health support for women should encourage them to speak up for themselves, set boundaries, and understand and navigate their strengths and weaknesses,” she asserts. Ottoh underscores that such a policy should also foster independence and self-sufficiency. “When a woman is self-sufficient, she is better equipped to handle complex situations,” she adds.
However, the current statistics reveal that significant work remains. Ensuring access to safe and legal abortion services is not merely a matter of healthcare but a fundamental human right linked to gender equality. As Okunade highlights, legalising abortion helps women access regulated medical care, reduces complications, and combats the dangerous practice of unsafe, clandestine abortions. Denying abortion access perpetuates inequality and health disparities, particularly among marginalised communities.
Advocates assert that reproductive rights are integral to gender equality, enabling women to make informed choices about their futures, pursue education and careers, and fully participate in society. Evidence from countries with legal abortion indicates better reproductive health outcomes and lower maternal mortality rates. Thus, comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education, access to contraceptives, and affordable healthcare are essential to protecting women’s rights. Ultimately, the quest for safe and legal abortion in Nigeria is about affirming women’s right to make decisions about their own bodies. As global and local movements continue to evolve, advocates believe it is crucial to uphold and advance these rights, ensuring that every woman can make choices free from stigma and coercion, with full respect for her dignity and autonomy.
• Names and specific details of some individuals have been deliberately altered to protect their privacy
