Tag: CAR

  • CAR: A failed state  gets worse

    CAR: A failed state gets worse

    Long classified as a failed state, the Central African Republic is going from bad to worse as rampaging militias plunge the country closer to genocide. Hannah McNeish reports.

    THE teeming hospital grounds in Bossangoa, a northwestern town in the Central African Republic (CAR), offers a glimpse into the worsening crisis the country has faced since a rebel alliance known as Seleka took power by force in March 2013.

    Over a thousand people are seeking shelter in the facility. Amid clouds of smoke from cooking fires, children sit listless, women pound maize and groups of men stare off into space.

    “We’re here because of the Seleka, who came to our village, looted, ransacked and killed,” said Prophete Ngay-bola, a father of eight with another on the way.

    “We are… I don’t even know what to call us. We have nothing now. I can’t even go to my house or fields. If they see me there, they’ll kill me.”

    “We’ve lost our houses, our fields, our goods. Houses were razed with all our things in. We are… I don’t even know what to call us. We have nothing now. I can’t even go to my house or fields. If they see me there, they’ll kill me.”

    Humanitarian and development indicators were dire before the coup, but now, amid increasing violence by armed groups and between communities and religious faiths, they are even worse: almost the entire population of 4.5 million has been affected; 1.1 million people outside the capital, Bangui, are estimated to be severely or moderately food-insecure; and there are almost 400,000 internally displaced people (IDPs), double the figure of just a few months ago.

    Around 65,000 people have fled the country, most to neighbouring Cameroon.

    “CAR was a failed state before. Now, it’s just worse,” said Amy Martin, country head of the UN Office of Coordination for Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

    “We’re estimating over 1.5 million people who need assistance of various kinds, whether it’s health, nutrition, shelter, protection,” she said.

    But security concerns mean that aid agencies, whose vehicles have come under attack, can only guess at what’s happening in some areas, and Martin said the actual number of people affected by the crisis could be much higher.

    Adequate response is further hampered by a lack of funds: just 44 percent of the $195 million dollars sought to tackle the crisis has been forthcoming.

     

    DIRE SITUATION

    “In most of the country, we’re very worried about the level of violence we’re seeing and that we’re hearing about and [that we] get patients from in our hospital,” says Ellen Van der Velden, head of MSF Holland, which is operating in Bossangoa. The team has children under five recovering from bullet wounds.

    Over 36,000 people are seeking refuge at Bossangoa’s Catholic Mission, after fleeing a coalition of rebels-turned-“government” forces that Michel Djotodia, a northern Muslim, enlisted to bring him to power in the March coup.

    Made up of large numbers of mercenaries from neighbouring Chad and Sudan as well as most of the country’s former prison population, these forces are mainly Muslim, and have exacted a deadly revenge on mainly Christians in former President Francois Bozize’s homeland. France has warned that CAR is “on the verge of genocide” because of the spiraling sectarian violence.

    Self-defence groups calling themselves “anti-balaka” – armed with machetes, bows and arrows and spears – have sprung up and committed atrocities not only on Seleka but also on the wider Muslim community. Such inter-faith conflict is a new phenomenon in CAR.

    As armed groups trawl the area, looting, killing and razing crops and homes, villages on the 100km stretch of road between Bossangoa and the capital Bangui lie empty. The only signs of life IRIN found were goats waiting patiently for their owners.

     

    SICK AND INJURED

    Aside from the terror, people are suffering from illnesses as they hide in their fields with no shelter, medicine and food. Only the bravest or sickest take the highway to seek medical help at Bossangoa Hospital.

    “I’m absolutely worried that there are many cases out there that we can’t reach. Not only violence, but the malaria,” said MSF doctor Florin Oudenaarden. In the 10 days she has worked at the hospital, the MSF team there has seen four children die, as many come in so weakened by anaemia, malaria and malnutrition that it is impossible to revive them.

    Van der Velden says that aside from the violence, malaria is the biggest killer, especially among children. At a recent outreach clinic, 120 out of 200 children tested positive for it.

    A two-year-old boy with severe malaria was recently rushed to the clinic by the outreach team, only to die on arrival.

    “If we had got there a day earlier, we could have saved him,” she says.

    Among the latest child victims at the hospital are a skeletal boy hooked up to a drip and covered in foil paper, who can barely blink for lack of strength.

    Another is a four-year-old boy who screams between doses of painkillers, his legs suspended from the ceiling; he was shot through the hips during a recent attack on a gold mine 25km from Bossangoa. MSF’s surgeon doubts he will ever walk again; the bullet shattered his joint, requiring what would be a complicated and expensive procedure in the best of places.

     

    AID LIMITED

    Due to insecurity and a lack of funding, UN agencies are only working in the towns, and the time and manpower of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and MSF are limited compared to the scale of the crisis.

    “People are dying out there that can’t access healthcare, and that’s definitely a big concern,” says Van der Velden.

    “Our problem right now is that we cannot go beyond Bossangoa as we are underfunded,” says Pablo de Pascual, emergency coordinator for the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), which has a $20 million deficit in funding for CAR.

    UNICEF has carried out a massive vaccination campaign for under-fives, and MSF is also joining the fight against diseases such as measles, which have flourished in CAR in recent months.

    Oudenaarden, whose last postings were Syria and South Sudan, says that her team is doing “six or seven blood transfusions a week, which is very high compared to other projects I’ve worked with. We also see a lot of malnutrition, and malnutrition is going up quickly.”

    “We are planning to address high levels of malnutrition in the coming months,” says de Pascual. As the rains end, the country will start its lean season without anyone to harvest crops.

    With violence raging across the country’s traditional breadbasket in the north, Martin is also concerned about the lack of food, both for people there and in the rest of the country. Most market mechanisms throughout CAR have collapsed, and there is the blockade on trucks moving to the capital.

     

    TIME BOMB

    Each day, around 40 people arrive at Bossangoa’s Catholic Mission, a site spanning only 19 hectares, sparking fears about disease outbreaks. Humanitarian norms recommend 160 hectares for its current population.

    De Pascual says living conditions have been “deteriorating since the beginning due to a lack of access of basic public services and increasing numbers in the IDP sites,” sparking fears of cholera.

    Renate Sinke, MSF’s project coordinator in Bossangoa, describes the living conditions as “horrendous” and thinks the scene is set for an epidemic.

    “My non-medical opinion is that I think it’s a time bomb,” she says.

    The site has two open defecation fields, no hand-washing points and not a single shower. Still, diarrhoeal diseases are so far low.

    “We have now seven litres of water per person per day. Last week we had four litres – and it should be 15,” says MSF water and sanitation coordinator Rink de Lange. bThere are only 65 working latrines.

    “That means that, at this time, we have one latrine for 450 people, when the standard is one in 20. So that’s a massive gap that has to be filled. And of course the location of the camp is so dense that it’s hard to find places to build latrines,” he says.

    And people do not dare to leave for fear of encountering the ex-Seleka.

    Instability has pushed 70 percent of the nation’s children out of education, and seen 3,500 recruited into rebel forces.

    “We still hear stories of people living only 500m away from this place and don’t dare to go back into their houses,” says Sinke.

     

    SCHOOLS

    Instability has pushed 70 percent of the nation’s children out of education, and seen 3,500 recruited into rebel forces, and an unknown number recruited into the anti-balaka.

    “There are no children coming to school because of their brutality. How can they come to school? Kids can’t, parents can’t. We just have to stay like this,” says teacher Laurent Namneonde, who is now taking shelter in the mission’s school, where he taught for 10 years.

    Lucien Rekoi is luckier than most in Bossangoa, who fled only with the shirts on their backs. With a heavily pregnant wife, he made it to the mission with pots, pans, clothes and his identity cards.

    His daughter was born six days ago. He now scours the site looking for international aid workers who will lend her a western name, in the vain hope that this and his deceased father’s career in the French military might afford them a passport out of CAR.

    “I just want to go there [to France]. There’s nothing for this place now,” he says.

    Courtesy: IRIN

  • I earned respect riding bicycle instead of car

    I earned respect riding bicycle instead of car

    He was a spectacle. He is still a spectacle. But that spectacle is about to vanish forever from the University of Ibadan (UI). He is Pius Omole, a lecturer in the Communication and Language Arts Department of the university, who just retired on Tuesday.

    UI students, particularly those in the Faculty of Arts, Tedder Hall and surrounding areas, could not but notice a hippy-like don who though parked a red Ford Mustang in his official quarters, cycled round the campus with his famous bandana. That was in the 1980s.

    In the post-2000 era, he has slowed down, somewhat. The bandana is gone, rued with a bashful smile, by the one who once proudly donned it, on account of its age and his inability to get a fitting replacement. So has the bicycle. The young rebel of yore is older and less agile.

    But his hippy culture, with its rebellion against the status quo, still frowns at the conventional car in which a don of his status must cruise. So, exit the bicycle, enter the bike. Whereas the Omole of the 1980s cycled around the campus, the Omole of 2013 biked around.

    “I came to Ibadan International School (ISI) for my higher school certificate after finishing at King’s College, Lagos (KC),” he drawled, rolling his tongue in his throat in his inimitable way, his eyes a sparkle of excitement yet dead serious as he explained his first contact with the hippy culture that has clung to him like a cloak.

    “I was attracted by the sheer number of Americans in ISI between 1965 and 1966. So, I preferred to do my sixth form in ISI,” he explained. “Within that time, I had discovered American culture and I wanted to be very American. At ISI, I had all the Americanisation I could ever dream of.

    “I got to know about the hippies through rock music. Ever since, I’ve followed the hippies, even though the hippies as a group have died. Only individual hippies remain.”

    But while ISI gifted him the hippy culture which set him apart from others, KC gave him the anti-establishment shove that drove him UI’s way. The new Universidad de Navarra (University of Navarra), Pamplona, Spain BA Spanish Literature (1973) and MA Contemporary Black Literature (1975) graduate had returned in 1976 to his old school, at former Race Course, Lagos Island, to hunt for a teaching job.

    He recalled his days at KC with no less pride and excitement: “I was in King’s College from 1960 to 1964. We were called the ‘Independence Generation’ because it was in our first year that Nigeria had independence, and all the performances [to mark the event] were done at Race Course, right in front of us. So, we had all that stuck in our head. But it’s a disillusion today. We all looked forward to a Nigeria that was going to be great.”

    Omole looked pained and forlorn as he related his KC days with his job hunting at his old school. As he was making his way to the principal’s office, he happened on a most amazing sight. An enraged military officer was literally flexing his muscles, threatening to “deal” with somebody. That person, as it turned out, was a KC teacher who had had the temerity to discipline one of his pupils: the son of the soldier! Omole was shocked to his bones.

    “To hear a soldier brag that he was going to teach a teacher a lesson!” he exclaimed. “I returned to Ibadan. I didn’t bother to see the principal.”

    That singular incident drove him back to UI, where he was not exactly a stranger. His father, Stephen, was a catering staff, way back to the earliest days of the university at its temporary site at Eleyele. He later became a steward in Mellanby Hall, one of the university’s first-generation halls of residence, the others being Tedder, Kuti, Sultan Bello and, of course, Queen Elizabeth, the pioneer female residential hall.

    In fact, Omole Senior befriended Tekena Tamuno, in his student days. Tamuno, later a professor of History, would become the university’s vice chancellor.

    “Tamuno was very nice to us,” the junior Omole recalled. “My father would take us to go visit him. I was in primary school.”

    The anti-establishment streak in Omole reckoned at least no parent would come threatening a lecturer at the university. Universities were for adults. His first port of call was the English Department. But they would take no chances on him, since his degree was in Spanish Literature. Neither would Foreign Languages. The department’s bent was Russian, not Spanish, since the Ajaokuta Steel Mill was in the works, and it would need local Russian translators to relate with Russian technical partners of the project.

    In the end, he birthed in Language Arts (now Communication and Language Arts) where he spent all his academic life. That was in 1977. Sure enough, no parent came to bear down on lecturers at UI, but the hippy nature of Omole soon rebelled against the academia’s core cultures: the natural progression to take a PhD and position yourself for promotion, the ultimate being the professorship; and the publish-or-be-damned credo. The rebel in the don won’t be bothered by the two.

    But why not a PhD?

    “Remember I told you the hippies didn’t like the establishment? One of the ways was to ‘drop out’ of the establishment. The expression ‘drop put’ became very much prominent during the hippie time in the 1960s. So, you drop out of school, then you go to San Francisco or other places to find the beauty of life: love, flowers and perhaps children,” he explained as a general prelude.

    “But if the hippies were passionate about particular skills, about a particular intellectual interest, they would go into that passion. But they don’t want the accolades that go with it like getting a PhD to show that they’ve reached the pinnacle of a particular aspect of intellectual work. So,” he shrugged, “I didn’t (get a PhD). I didn’t want to do that.”

    So, it was a rebel decision?

    “It was,” he admitted, “though it’s like shooting myself in the foot because I work in the university and I know a lot of young professors here that I taught. If I published the way people published, then it wouldn’t have mattered so much.”

    Why didn’t you publish?

    “I published what I liked about Soyinka; and I think I can still publish some things about Soyinka when I have more time. But I felt that if the system would look at the publications rather than count the publications, it might have been fairer …”

    But wouldn’t that be changing the rule? You knew the rule of scholarship: you published or be damned?

    “Yes, I know that!”

    And how has it been now being damned?

    “It’s only my ability to consume! I can’t consume very much. I can’t buy a jeep like my mates. Incidentally, I don’t even like jeeps. But I use my limited financial resources to fund my passions. All I know is I tried to do my job very well. I tried to teach very well.”

    On that, the writer can confirm, as his former student from 1982 to 1985. Indeed, it is tribute to Omole’s genius that the Techniques of Creative Prose class back then understood Soyinka’s The Interpreters. He boiled it down as a modernist classic, with influences of cinematography, instead of an ancient tale, in the traditional novel, that moved from point A to Z.

    The Interpreters, he insisted, was a cohabitation of varied plots, held together by the author’s creative thread, often as thin as the spider’s web!

    Omole stamped that class with his unconventional thinking when, for their semester examination, he herded the puny class in his flat on Dyke Road, and told them to write a creative story; infusing all the creative techniques he had taught them: description, dialogue, narration, flashback, foreshadowing, pace, etc; all in a spade of three hours!

    He indeed did his work well. “Show the story,” he would cry, for the umpteenth time, “don’t tell the story!”

    And on Soyinka, he was really passionate. The Interpreters was his teaching bible, for his creative prose class. On the 1986 Nobel Prize for Literature winner, Omole has written many academic articles, viz: “Ese Ifa in Wole Soyinka’s Poetry: The Example of the First Movement of Idanre, Review of English and Literary Studies, Vol. 4. No. 1 (1987); “Wole Soyinka’s Fictional Double in John Gringer’s The Retreat From Yetunda,” Review of English and Literary Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1987); “The Influence of Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice on Wole Soyinka’s Interpreters”, Journal of Behavioural Research, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1989); “Wole Soyinka’s Filmic Idiom in Blues for a Prodigal”, in H. Ekwuazi, ed., Studies in Film and Television (1989); “Wole Soyinka’s Isara: The Democratisation of a Traditional African”, L. A. Thompson, ed., African Link Books (1994), to mention a few.

    But Soyinka is not his only passion. When Omole said he invested his limited financial resources in his passions, he was painting the portrait of the arts don as a “failed” scientist. He thought he was fleeing from the sciences because he could not cope with advanced mathematics. That truncated his initial dream to read Microbiology. So, he changed to read Spanish Literature at Navarra, Pamplona. The don thought he had left science for good. But science refused to leave him.

    He explained: “In ISI, I did Biology, Chemistry and Physics, and I thought that you could do biological sciences in the university without ever seeing Maths again. But as it turned out, I had to forego my scientific interest,” he revealed.

    “But no! In my practical life, my hobbies are scientific. I built engines for cars and now I build engines for motorcycles because now I can’t lift a car engine.

    “I like building engines. Maybe if you come to my place, you will see the relics of my mechanical interest,” he reiterated, his half smile soaked with pleasure.

    “I actually know enough electronics to teach practical electronics in a polytechnic or technical college, if they won’t start asking for certificate,” he declared. “I know mechanics in Ibadan too. I work mainly on BMW engines; and then the spare parts are very much there at Agodi gate (a popular market in Ibadan), where I am much known as Engineer!”

    That is the Town. But the Gown is much more sceptical and circumspect and well, cynical. That was the long and short of the brutal shutdown of Omole’s attempt to teach practical engine to engineering students in UI’s Faculty of Technology.

    He was fiddling with one of his engines one day in the early 1980s when Yomi Obidi walked by his apartment on Dyke Road, abutting the Faculty of Arts. Obidi had just joined the Technology Faculty, a new engineering academic, headhunted from Canada. Obidi was excited at a fellow academic working an engine; and while introducing himself, volunteered that he read aircraft engineering in Canada. They started off discussing and comparing aircraft engines to car engines.

    Doubly excited that an arts don was building an engine, Obidi wondered if Omole would be kind enough, the next Monday, to come introduce his students to the practicality of the engine. An excited Omole grabbed the chance. In no time, he had packed a BMW engine. “It is very light because it is made of aluminium,” he said.

    The resource person was literally firing from all cylinders, introducing the students to internal combustion in engines. The students were game enough. Obidi himself beamed with an approving smile. All was well until the head of Mechanical Engineering Department passed by the corridor, peeped at what was happening and beckoned Obidi to see him.

    Obidi went out. But before he came in again, the paradise was lost. The HOD disapproved of a stray wannabe from the arts profaning the mighty portals of engineering. He was even more censorious of poor Obidi, who should know better than acquiesce to such intellectual poison!

  • UN condemns Syria children killings

    Thousands of children have been killed in the Syria uprising since March 2011, according to a new global UN report on children and armed conflict.

    Calling the toll “unbearable”, the study said government forces and rebels were using boys and girls as “suicide bombers or human shields.”

    In total the study covered 21 countries where children are victims of violence, BBC reports.

    For the first time Mali was added to the “shame list”, which names armed parties who recruit and abuse children.

    This year, the list includes 55 armed forces and groups from 14 countries, including new parties in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

    In Mali, children make up more than half of the 15.8 million population, and many have been “severely affected” by the ongoing conflict in the northern part of the country, the UN report says.

    “The serious deterioration of the security situation in Mali in 2012 was characterised by a large number of grave violations against children by various armed groups,” the study added.

    In addition to enlisting hundreds of boys mainly aged 12 to 15, armed groups are also alleged to have carried out “widespread and systematic” sexual violence against girls since January 2012.

    There were also dozens of reports of children being killed or maimed by weapons, mines and air strikes during the French and Malian military campaign launched in January 2013 to fight the Islamist militants in the north.

    However, children in Syria were suffering “maybe the heaviest toll” in the world, said UN special representative Leila Zerrougui, who presented the findings.

     

     

  • Central African Republic foils another coup

    Central African Republic foils another coup

    Security forces in Central African Republic arrested three men suspected of plotting to overthrow President Francois Bozize, the country’s chief prosecutor has said.

    CAR is one of the world’s poorest and least stable countries, and the government of Bozize has claimed over the years to have uncovered several coup plans, including one earlier this year.

    “Interrogations are ongoing, but the three plotters have already confessed their plan to overthrow the head of state,” Reuters quoted Alain Tomo as saying at a press conference.

    Tomo said one of the suspects is former Chadian army officer Job Nendobe Bergueba, who was hoarding a stash of automatic rifles, grenades and communications equipment at his residence.

    The three were arrested on October 9.

    Bozize came to power in 2003 after leading a rebellion and he has since won elections broadly criticised as flawed.

    He sacked his finance minister in June after accusing him of plotting a separate putsch.