Tag: Oyedepo

  • Dependence on food importation dangerous, says Oyedepo

    Dependence on food importation dangerous, says Oyedepo

    Chancellor of Landmark University Omu-Aran, Kwara State Bishop David Oyedepo has described the over dependence of the nation on imported agriculture produces as dangerous.

    He said Nigeria unwittingly imports diseases by depending on food importation.

    Oyedepo said a prodigiously blessed country like Nigeria has no basis for importing chickens.

    He spoke at the convocation lecture of Landmark University, adding to neglect agriculture is tantamount to mortgaging the future of Nigeria.

    His words: “We must shift from theory to things that address human issues. We need to come back to the real issues confronting use.

    “We need to start creating solutions. A country that is enormously blessed as Nigeria has no basis to import chickens from any part of the world.

    “We must invest in agricultural service to create the future of our dream and that is raw agric practices.

    “We can solve our problems if we are committed enough, but i don’t think we are that committed.

    “Everybody must play his own part in solving the problem of food security in the world.

    The convocation lecturer Menzuo Nwunei said that Nigeria is not self-sufficient in food production as it imports over 45 percent of its food needs.

    According to him, the import dependency is not economically sustainable and unacceptable.

     

     

  • Curriculum: Why CRK must stand alone, by Oyedepo, others

    Pentecostal church leaders across the country yesterday rejected the revised Basic Education Curriculum by the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC).

    The curriculum, they said, is unacceptable because it collapses Christian Religious Studies (CRS) as part of an omnibus subject known as Religion and National Values.

    The church leaders insisted that CRS should stand alone as a subject to foreclose the possibility of some states acting against the interests of Christian students.

    They spoke with reporters at the end of the 2nd quarter National Executive Council of the Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN) in Lagos.

    The well-attended meeting attracted Pentecostal leaders like General Overseer of Living Faith Church Worldwide Bishop David Oyedepo; Bishop of The Redeemed Evangelical Mission (TREM); National President of PFN Bishop Felix Omobude; its vice, Bishop Wale Oke; national secretary, Apostle Emmanuel Kure and other state chairmen of the body.

    Omobude said the fusing of CRS into Religion and National Values was without justification and the explanations of NERDC were also unconvincing.

    “Collapsing CRK as only a part of Religion and National Values forecloses the opportunity of the subject being studied at the tertiary level by students, who might so desire and this is unacceptable to us.”

    Hailing the compulsory study of foreign languages, Omobude, however, stated more languages such as Spanish and others beyond French and Arabic should be included in the curriculum.

    The expansion, he said, will allow students “enjoy greater flexibility in foreign language study and not be compelled to study a language they have no interest in, as its being reported in some states.

    “We are aware of orchestrated plans to subtly use this policy as a means of forceful religious indoctrination and we maintain our stand against it.”

    Oyedepo maintained that the revised curriculum was targeted against Christian students, calling for its reversal to guarantee religious harmony across the nation.

    “What we are saying is that it is not acceptable to the Christian community. If students cannot study CRK in secondary school, it means we won’t have it at the tertiary level,” he reiterated.

    On calls for restructuring, Omobude restated commitment of Pentecostal Christians to a united Nigeria.

    He, however, called on the Federal Government to do all it can to assuage the fears and concerns of agitators through enthronement of true federalism.

    “Those who beat the drums of war should not be forgetful of our pasts. We cannot afford to go through the path of war again as a nation,” he stated.

    Okonkwo called on northern elders to call their youths to order, saying the quit notice was a declaration of war against the South.

  • Let your communication have meaning, Oyedepo advises Nigerians

    Covenant University (CU)  Ota in Ogun State chancellor Dr David Oyedepo has  said anyone who cannot clarify his message to his listeners has not “communicated”.

    Oyedepo said there is a correlation between man and language because of their dynamism, adding that this necessitates the need for the former to continue to acquire as much efficiency as possible on language use.

    Oyedepo spoke at the inaugural lecture series at CU premises on Friday  delivered by a professor of Stylistics Christopher Awonuga at the university.

    Awonuga spoke on the theme: ‘’What does this text mean? Stylistics and the process of interpretation’’ Oyedepo said examples abound the world over where clarity of communication had resulted in ‘quality decision making’ that had shaped the society and brought about positive development.

    The senior cleric said his calling as a communicator of the gospel of Jesus Christ has made him traverse the world. Yet, he continued to discover new challenges and gaps in his communication skills, as well as the need to address them as urgently as possible.

    “What I expected is what I found,” Oyedepo said referring to the delivery of Awonuga’s lecture.

    “This lecture of today applies to everybody,” he continued.

    “It is unfortunate that many of us speak but only few communicate.  This is where the essence of meaning comes in; and I want to say you can’t be a part of decision if you cannot communicate effectively because clarity of communication is vital in every relationship.

    “This lecture will, therefore, go a long way in influencing clarity of communication and ways by which messages are diffused.”

    Oyedepo said the likelihood of a language to survive largely depends on how often it is spoken; how proficient are users of the said language as well as efforts made to standardise such language to accommodate audience beyond the immediate speakers.

    Awonuga highlighted   the ambivalence nature in which personal pronouns, such as ‘mine’, ‘your’, ‘yours’, ‘I’, ‘me’, ‘my’, ‘we’ ‘their” and ‘they’ are used to connote various meanings via a text.

    To buttres his points, Awonuga conducted linguistic analyses of some poems and five texts, two of which included former president Goodluck Jonathan’ ‘Declaration Speech’  on  September 18, 2010, and former American president Barrack Obama’s ‘State of the union’ speech in February 12, 2013. In the end, Awonuga submitted that both speakers used personal pronouns to balance their relationship with their audiences.

    He said: “The reviews and analyses demonstrate that in political rhetoric, the relationships among participants in the discourse situations are mediated by personal pronouns ‘which delineate a social or political ‘space’ in which people and groups have a political ‘position’

    “There are two issues to be stressed at this point. The first is that personal pronouns are not the only major linguistic characteristics of language of politics. The others are metaphor, especially metaphors of sport and war.

    “The second issue to note here is that English personal pronouns are used in interesting ways not only in politicians’ speeches but also in speeches in general.

    In his recommendations, Awonuga sought the stylistic study of poetry and prose frictional texts by students.

    “The reason for this is that the study of poetry is not popular with university students in Nigeria and they need to be motivated in this area of academic endeavour,” Awonuga added.

  • No software for food, Oyedepo warns Nigeria

    The Chancellor, Landmark University, Omu-Aran Kwara State Dr David Oyedepo, has underscored the need for innovative thinking in product development and agricultural enterprise if Nigeria must address her food deficit.

    He made this known at the sixth Founder’s Day anniversary of the university on Tuesday.

    Delivering the address on behalf of the Chancellor, Prof Aize Obayan, said despite breakthroughs in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), there is no substitute yet for food and no software for addressing food challenges. The only solution, he said, is raising agricultural practitioners through quality and innovative education.

    Oyedepo challenged all not to pay lip service to agricultural development but take practical solutions to improving it through productive learning, product development and research.

    He said: “We cannot drive leverages in agriculture without innovative thoughts and thinking. This is talking about leveraging in agricultural enterprise because every land you find around you is goldmine, so explore it.”

    In her capacity as the vice chancellor, Obayan said LMU prides herself in the uninterrupted academic calendar, life-applicable qualitative education and pleasant ambience that have made the campus a cynosure to the world.

    “Over the years, our Founder’s Day has become an annual event when the university celebrates her remarkable past, accomplishments and promising future, as striking tribute is accorded to the proprietors of the university and more inspirations drawn from the contribution of the notable stakeholders towards driving the actualisation of the vision.”

    She highlighted the accomplishment of Tobi Oladiran, a 400-Level undergraduate, who is now ICAN and ACCA certified, as well as Mr Kenechukwu Okafor, another 500-Level  student of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, who won the National Award of Global Student Entrepreneur, among several achievements.

    The guest lecturer and immediate past president, Nigerian Society of Engineers Ademola Olorufemi, spoke on: “Leveraging on innovation and engineering in breaking new grounds for sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria”.

    He challenged Nigeria to be more creative with respect to devising cheap solutions for food productions.

    “We must start to think outside the box for innovative, adaptable, cheap and affordable solutions that will tap the latent structures inherent in our geographical location, culture and climate for sustainable agricultural development because we have the engineering innovation that combines our unique God-given recourses to maximise output at lower costs,”he said

  • Oyedepo urges prayers to tackle hard times

    Oyedepo urges prayers to tackle hard times

    Living Faith Church (Winners Chapel) General Overseer Bishop David Oyedepo  has said Nigeria will still experience gross darkness for some time to come and called for special prayers to overcome the difficulties.

    Oyedepo, who was quoted in a live streaming broadcast, described the economic downturn in the country as a holocaust.

    He spoke at Canaan Land in Ota, Ogun, during the annual Winners Chapel prayer convention, Shiloh 2016, tagged “My Case is Different’’, taken from Genesis Chapter 47 Verses 15 to 27.

    The annual programme, which ended at the weekend, was a mountain of divine encounter for salvation, healing and deliverance as well as a time of astounding miracles.

    The yearly programme was also a time for testimonies of liberation.

    The cleric encouraged Christians in the aspect of giving, adding that anyone who keys into kingdom investment covenant would overcome hardship.

    “Anyone who keys into the kingdom investments covenant will overcome the gross darkness that awaits the world.

    “As Christians, you should understand and have the spirit of giving, no matter what it takes to give,’’ Oyedepo said.

    Some FCT residents expressed joy and fulfilment from Shiloh, saying they had a lot to be grateful to God for.

    Mrs. Deborah Peters, a member s, described Shiloh as a refreshing programme that was meant to make every Christian to experience divine breakthrough and increase in their lives.

    Peters advised Christians to be open-minded with their concerns at this period and all times so that they would encounter God’s visitation.

    “We have to make sacrifices of giving, like Papa pointed out,  so that we will encounter increase, breakthrough, unending grace, protection and even deliverance.

    “For us to gain all of these, we have to, with the help of the theme of Shiloh, open up to God to have his way in us.”

    Mrs. Rose Benjamin, who attended the programme from Kaduna, urged Christians not to take their encounter with God for granted for it must be followed with testimonies.

  • Landmark varsity’ll solve Africa’s food crisis, says Oyedepo

    Landmark varsity’ll solve Africa’s food crisis, says Oyedepo

    Chancellor of Landmark University (LMU), Omu-Aran in Kwara State, Bishop David Oyedepo, has said the institution is poised to solve food insecurity on the African continent.

    Oyedepo in his address titled: “Living the Landmark University mandate-Our vow to lead agrarian revolution,” at the seventh matriculation of the university, underscored the need to address Africa’s food crisis, which he said was capable of wiping out the entire black continent.

    The cleric called on Nigerians to join the university’s campaign to salvage the country from her food crisis.

    “This is why Landmark University is poised to work at solving the glooming food crisis in the continent. This is our vision-to spearhead an agrarian revolution in the continent,” he stressed.

    In addressing the problem, he said every student of the university, their courses of studies notwithstanding, is allocated a farm plot which they are expected to take responsibility for up till harvest.

    This vision, Oyedepo explained, informs the institution’s commitment to excellence and determination not to bend the rules.

    “We have a passion to see this change take place in our land and our time.  We vow to maintain discipline as our watchword. We want to assure all matriculating students and indeed all students of Landmark University and our beloved parents and guardians that we will remain in covenant with you regarding this end,” he said.

    Oyedepo counseled the 664 freshers to be focused on their studies and have foresight.

    “No one ever arrives at a future he cannot see. At the same time, no one arrives at a future he is not prepared for.  You must have a vision of what role you see yourself playing in this whole thing and you must adequately prepare yourselves during your stay at Landmark.

    “Remember, there is nothing extraordinary on its own; it is one’s extraordinary input that makes it so. Therefore, work on yourself as much as you can, in order to make the most of your future,” he counseled.

    In her speech, the LMU vice chancellor, Prof Aize Obayan, noted that the seventh matriculation resonates with the institution’s seven core values- integrity, diligence, spirituality, possibility, mentality, capacity building, and sacrifice.

    Obayan said since matriculating its first set of student in June 2011, the university has enjoyed uninterrupted academic calendar. She was therefore optimistic that by 2020/2021, the new set would be ripe for graduation.

    “I can assure that we are unrelenting in our visionary quest towards becoming a leading world class university. It is also gratifying to note that our state-of-the-art and cutting edge infrastructures have earned the university a reputation and prestige from distinguished individuals and reputable organisations within and outside Nigeria,” she added.

  • Landmark varsity’ll solve Africa’s food crisis, says Oyedepo

    Landmark varsity’ll solve Africa’s food crisis, says Oyedepo

    Chancellor Landmark University (LMU), Omu-Aran in Kwara State, Bishop David Oyedepo, has said the institution is poised to solve food insecurity on the African continent.

    Oyedepo in his address titled: “Living the Landmark University mandate-Our vow to lead agrarian revolution,” at the seventh matriculation of the university, underscored the need to address Africa’s food crisis, which he said was capable of wiping out the entire black continent.

    The cleric called on Nigerians to join the university’s campaign to salvage the country from her current food crisis.

    “This is why Landmark University is poised to work at solving the glooming food crisis in the continent. This is our vision-to spearhead an agrarian revolution in the continent,” he stressed.

    In addressing the problem, he said every student of the university, their courses of studies notwithstanding, is allocated a farm plot which they are expected to take responsibility for up till harvest.

    This vision, Oyedepo explained, informs the institution’s commitment to excellence and determination not to bend the rules.

    “We have a passion to see this change take place in our land and our time.  We vow to maintain discipline as our watchword. We want to assure all matriculating students and indeed all students of Landmark University and our beloved parents and guardians that we will remain in covenant with you regarding this end,” he said.

    Oyedepo counselled the 664 freshers to be focused on their studies and have foresight.

    “No one ever arrives at a future he cannot see. At the same time, no one arrives at a future he is not prepared for.  You must have a vision of what role you see yourself playing in this whole thing and you must adequately prepare yourselves during your stay at Landmark.

    “Remember, there is nothing extraordinary on its own; it is one’s extraordinary input that makes it so. Therefore, work on yourself as much as you can, in order to make the most of your future,” he counselled.

    LMU Vice Chancellor, Prof Aize Obayan, noted that the seventh matriculation resonates with the institution’s seven core values- integrity, diligence, spirituality, possibility, mentality, capacity building, and sacrifice.

    Obayan said since matriculating its first set of student in June 2011, the university has enjoyed uninterrupted academic calendar. She was therefore optimistic that by 2020/2021, the new set would be ripe for graduation.

    “I can assure that we are unrelenting in our visionary quest towards becoming a leading world class university. It is also gratifying to note that our state-of-the-art and cutting edge infrastructures have earned the university a reputation and prestige from distinguished individuals and reputable organisations within and outside Nigeria,” she added.

  • Oyedepo’s two cities

    Oyedepo’s two cities

    IT is not quite often statements from religious leaders are subjected to serious public scrutiny. This is especially so on these shores given the sensitive nature of issues that impinge on other peoples’ faith.
    In a clime where fanatical adherents are known to have taken laws into their hands to extract punishment for actions they consider offensive to their religion, the complexity of the matter can be better understood. Unfortunately, sundry religious leaders (both real and fake) have taken licence of this to make bogus claims or justify actions that ordinarily would not have found rational explanation.
    Somehow, we have come to live with this situation. So also the claims of miracles and associated healing shows we are regularly treated to. But if all these could be tolerated for being the private affairs of those who elect to subject themselves to them, it is a different thing altogether when ecclesiastical arguments are deployed to manipulate or justify actions that ordinarily should demand secular or rational explanation.
    Such was the scenario that played out last week when the founder of the Living Faith Church, Bishop David Oyedepo sought to justify the high school fees charged by a private university promoted by his church. He had in a telecast warned those criticizing the high school fees charged by Covenant University to desist so as to avoid incurring the wrath of God
    Oyedepo told the story of one critic who had developed a strange plague of chronic mouth odour over the act but only received spiritual solution following his confession and “my intervention before he was restored to dignity. He said the school fees has God’s approval and is in accordance with the quality of facilities provided by the university in meeting the educational needs of the nation”
    Before his latest outing, Oyedepo had been a strident defender of high school fees paid by private universities in the country. At one time, he had justified that fee regime on the ground that education is expensive and nothing of value is free. At another, he charged those complaining of exorbitant fees to get their priorities right.
    For him, people spend millions of Naira for burials but when it comes to education, they are reluctant to invest in the future of their children. According to him, it is a matter of priority. The implication of this is that if people get their priorities right, they should be able to pay the fees charged by private universities. We shall return to this shortly.
    The issues canvassed by the Bishop in terms of education being expensive and nothing of value is free are trite statements. Even those complaining about the fee regime in the private universities are not unmindful of that reality. Also, there can be found a molecule of merit in the argument that people should set their priorities right and with right prioritizing, some of them may be able to fund the education of their children either in the private or public universities.
    But that is where there is a living income to prioritize. For a greater majority of our people, there is little or nothing to save rendering the idea of prioritizing to meet the educational needs of their children an exercise in futility. For this majority, no amount of priority setting can get them close to the high fee regime charged by private universities; many of them promoted by religious organizations.
    Ironically, much of the funds with which these faith based universities were set up came from the meagre but regular contributions of the very poor members of such religious groups. Those complaining cannot forget in a hurry, their contributions to what the church and its affiliate institutions are today. They nurse with nostalgia, the feeling rightly that they have a stake in what the church is today and that their needs ought to be factored into whatever decision the church takes.
    They feel a sense of loss that their children have been serially shunted out of those universities due to the high school fees they charge. These people are justified to complain. They are right to seek accommodation of their children in schools founded by their churches if anything, to further the faith of their children in what those religious groups stand for. And where the authorities have done nothing to assuage their feelings; they are free to complain, to criticize. The right to complain that the fee regime is high and cannot accommodate their children should neither be abridged nor circumscribed by threats, the kind that emanated from Oydepo last week. It was very surprising hearing the man of God claim that a man that criticized the high fees charged by that university was struck by a strange mouth odour for daring to open his mouth too loud. But for the man’s confession and his healing by the Bishop, perhaps he would have lived with that strange affliction for the rest of his life!
    As indicated earlier, religion is a very sensitive matter on these shores. And since much of the claims canvassed do not lend themselves to empirical validation; it is safer to leave them just at that. But that is not to ignore the increasing danger this country has been mired on account of the purported miraculous prowess of sundry pastors and clergymen. The issue is too common to deserve elaboration.
    However, the recent arrest of some people hired to stage manage miraculous healings in Enugu says it all. According to reports, the people comprising of males and females confessed to the police that they had been in the business of being procured to fake miraculous healings at a fee for sundry religious organizations and pastors. That is how bad the situation is. That is why claims of miracle healings are now increasingly being received with utmost caution.
    But if Oyedepo could be excused on his claim that a man was struck by mouth odour for daring to criticize the high fee regime of that university; if he could be excused on his miraculous healing of the critic, he ran into troubled waters when he claimed the school fees were ordained by God. By that claim, he seemed to have been entangled in a serious contradiction that had engaged the energy of medieval philosophers- the inability to draw a line between the corporeal and ecclesiastical realms.
    He failed to reckon with the dividing line between the state and religion or religion and politics. That is a fatal error. By that, he completely lost sight of the allegory of the two cities as vividly captured by St. Augustine of Hippo- the city of God and the City of man. By deploying religion to justify the exorbitant school fees, he chose to operate in the two cities at the same time. That is where he got it all wrong. By the same argument, if the high school fees were ordained by God, then every action on earth would find justification on the same premise.
    The same mistake was evident in his claim that the man who purportedly contracted a strange mouth odour found himself in that condition because he criticized the high fees charge by the university. Such a claim completely veered off the boundaries of religion.
    The God we all serve is all powerful and most merciful. It is difficult to fathom how he could strike that man with such a disease just for saying that the fees are very high and not affordable. The man’s position is nothing but the truth and God cannot punish the just in a world full of iniquities.
    If the claim is to scare those who criticize the fee regime, one is afraid it is bound to meet a brick wall. It would have made better sense had Oyedepo expanded the other strand of his argument that the fees charged are commensurate with the quality of facilities provided. That could have made for better understanding.
    Even then, such standards and their accessibility must relate to the operating environment. And for a faith based organization, it is least expected to sacrifice the spiritual needs of its members on the altar of financial expediency. That is the point some members are making and in this, they are with the majority.
    Oyedepo must listen to the cries of his members who seek the accommodation of their children in that university. He can do so by way of generous bursaries and scholarships. That is the way to go rather than issuing treats of strange affliction and doom on those who dare to criticize. Such posturing runs at cross purposes with what the church stands for.

  • Oyedepo cautions critics of fees charged by his varsity

    Oyedepo cautions critics of fees charged by his varsity

    Dr. David Oyedepo, the Bishop of the Living Faith Church worldwide, has appealed to those criticising the school fees charged by Covenant University to desist to avoid incurring the wrath of God.

    Oyedepo, in a telecast to a pre-Shiloh 2016 Convention gathering of the church monitored via satellite in Jos yesterday, said the critics were acting in ignorance and risked incurring the wrath of God.

    He said one of such critics smitten with a strange plague of chronic mouth odour over the act only received spiritual pardon following his confession and “my intervention before he was restored to dignity.”

    Oyedepo said the issue of school fees paid by students of the university was a Godly agenda to meet the demands of raising Godly children in an environment conducive for learning.

    He said such criticisms were products of ignorance as what students pay could not be compared with what obtained elsewhere that lacked facilities.

    “The school fees has God’s approval and is in accordance with the quality of facilities provided by the university in meeting the educational needs of the nation,” he said.

    He said the church in its pioneering role in pushing the frontiers of education with excellence had concluded plans to establish offshore universities.

    The cleric said a fully automated Bible press by the church had been completed and would be launched soon.

    Oyedepo, however, quoting from some verses of the Bible, which include Matthew 24:6-8, 1Peter 2:9, Joel 2:2 and Mal. 4:1, said the current economic meltdown was predicted but that committed Christians would be exempted.

    He prayed for resources for parents to always meet the demands of the time and declared the theme of this year’s Shiloh holding between Dec. 6 and Dec. 10 as “My case is different.”

     

  • Oyedepo to govt: sell intellectual capital not national assets

    Oyedepo to govt: sell intellectual capital not national assets

    •Covenant Varsity clocks 14

    Nigeria has enormous intellectual resources that can be marketed globally and the profit can help save the economy, rather than sale of national assets, Founder of Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Bishop David Oyedepo has said.

    The cleric said this in a keynote address at the university’s seventh inaugural lecture series, entitled: “Deconstructing the national development agenda: The role of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs)”, at the weekend.

    The lecture was presented by a professor of Computer Science and immediate past Vice Chancellor of CU Charles K. Ayo.

    The lecture also formed part of activities marking the university’s 14th anniversary.

    Bishop Oyedepo, in his address, themed: “Sell intellectual capital, not national asset”, said Nigeria’s penchant for foreign goods and services, regardless of the quality, would continue to soar, except both the leadership and the led remain committed to the Nigerian project.

    He emphasised that God has blessed Nigeria with enormous intellectual resources that could be marketed rather than the proposed sale of assets.

    The cleric noted that governments have demonstrated lack of interest in funding public education, adding that the citizenry too have lost interest.

    According to him, those who could not send their wards to study overseas, now choose neighbouring African countries, some which he said, were poles apart from Nigeria in standard of education.

    “I have been to Ghana. Many of the schools they have there are glorified secondary schools; but Nigerians still go there because many have lost interest in our education and government is not helping matters,” Bishop Oyedepo said.

    “We must admit that we have problems from education to health to governance. However, problems are like a sore, which keep enlarging if they are not attended to.

    “The problems are obvious but God has deposited adequate resources to deal with them.  Let us see these challenges as potentials to leap into the future that we all anticipate.”

    “It is about time governments in Nigeria redirects their energies to education. Like the guest lecturer said, we need to open up more opportunities to Nigerians through Open Distance Learning. An educated citizenry can add more value to the economy.

    “Even if government does not have up to N40 billion, let’s know what they have. But if they claim they have nothing, then there is no value because every developed society thrives on education that is well-funded,” the cleric said while alluding to Ayo’s recommendation of N40 billion to each public university annually to make them globally competitive.

    He assured that CU would continue to set a benchmark in the deployment of ICT, financial efficiency and good governance.

    Praising Ayo for the lecture, Oyedepo lauded him for espousing through his various researches and deployment of ICT solutions in addressing challenges of governance in Africa.

    In his lecture, Ayo lamented that education has suffered perennial underfunding and resulting in vices such as cultism, examination fraud, system abuse and corruption.

    Ayo alleged that today, “Nigeria produces less leaders, but mass produces miscreants”.