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  • Sanwo-Olu’s giant strides

    Sanwo-Olu’s giant strides

    • By Dayo Israel

    When Babajide Sanwo-Olu emerged as the governorship candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in Lagos State in 2019, many questioned his capacity to deliver. However, the unwavering support of party leaders and his campaign promise to advance Lagos through the T.H.E.M.E.S agenda convinced others of his potential. Today, nearly six years into his tenure, Sanwo-Olu has demonstrated a governance style marked by impactful transformation across multiple sectors.

    Sanwo-Olu’s humane nature has shone through in his approach to governance. His emphasis on inclusivity and empathy, especially during times of crisis, has earned him admiration both within Lagos and beyond. He has worked tirelessly to ensure the welfare of citizens, prioritizing their safety and well-being through healthcare initiatives, educational reforms, and emergency responses.

    In Lagos, he has displayed humility in the face of confrontation, a hallmark of his noble character. Despite challenges, such as the clearance of his cabinet nominees, which left many of his personal candidates unapproved, he accepted the process with grace and candour. He has since built a great team from his new cabinet.

    A team leader par excellence, Sanwo-Olu provides his cabinet members with the freedom to perform their roles effectively. It is arguable that no governor in modern Nigeria has given more young people, particularly those without a popular surname, a chance in administration than Sanwo-Olu.

    Upon taking office, Sanwo-Olu introduced the T.H.E.M.E.S agenda—a comprehensive plan addressing Traffic Management and Transportation, Health and Environment, Education and Technology, Entertainment and Tourism, Security, and Governance. Each pillar has seen significant progress, showcasing his focused approach to solving Lagos’s challenges.

    The COVID-19 pandemic early in his administration tested the governor’s leadership. As Nigeria’s epicentre of the virus, Lagos required a swift and effective response. Sanwo-Olu led efforts that included a robust containment strategy, later adopted nationwide. His administration also handled the aftermath of the #EndSARS protests, with initiatives like the “Rebuild Lagos” plan, focusing on reconciliation and reconstruction.

    Sanwo-Olu’s tenure has been marked by ambitious infrastructure projects. Notable achievements include the completion of the Blue Line Rail and the initiation and completion of the Red Line Rail project. Road projects such as the Agege-Pen Cinema flyover and the Opebi-Ojota Link Bridge have eased traffic congestion significantly. Additionally, the administration has completed 172 roads and initiated several others, including plans for the Fourth Mainland Bridge.

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    Through the EKOEXCEL program, Sanwo-Olu has redefined public primary education, gaining both local and international recognition. Investments in educational infrastructure include new classrooms, modern teaching tools, and capacity-building initiatives for teachers. The upgrade of Lagos State Polytechnic and the College of Education to universities further highlights his administration’s commitment to educational reform.

    Sanwo-Olu’s administration has also bolstered Lagos’s economy with projects like the Lekki Deep Seaport, as well as approvals for the Badagry Port and the Lekki International Airport. In housing, over 7,000 flats have been delivered, with more underway to meet the needs of the state’s growing population.

    Sanwo-Olu’s initiatives in agriculture include the Imota Rice Mill, promising job creation and food security. Programs like the Lagos Agripreneurship Programme (LAP) and subsidized food markets have supported farmers and alleviated the effects of rising food costs.

    To enhance security, the state has invested in technology-driven initiatives, including a Command-and-Control Centre and expanded surveillance systems, ensuring safety in a bustling metropolis.

    His support for the creative industry, including the development of a Film City and the empowerment of over 3,000 youths in partnership with leading film academies, underscores his commitment to youth development. His focus on security and governance ensures that Lagos remains a safe, thriving metropolis, becoming a global hub for creativity and innovation.

    Beyond his role as a governor, Sanwo-Olu has been a pivotal figure in several election campaigns, demonstrating his political prowess as a strategist and unifier. He has successfully led numerous campaigns for the APC and its candidates, earning the respect of his peers and strengthening his political network. His leadership has consistently delivered victories, solidifying his reputation as a reliable and effective political leader. The recent Ondo electoral victory is a good example. In company of fellow governors like Hope Uzodinma of Imo, Babagana Zulum of Borno, Monday Okpebholo of Edo, Dapo Abiodun  of Ogun, Father Hyacinth Alia of Benue, and Bassey Otu of Cross River, Sanwo-Olu stood firm, going above and beyond to ensure the people of Ondo remained with the progressive camp. His ability to unite stakeholders and inspire grassroots mobilization has cemented his reputation as a political tactician.

    One thing is clear: Sanwo-Olu has carved a niche for himself, not just in Lagos but across Nigeria. He is now fondly called the Governor-General of the Southwest—not merely because he is the chairman of the Southwest Governors Forum, but due to his transformative leadership, which has set a benchmark across the region.

    Truly, a Greater Lagos is rising, thanks to his hard work, standing on the shoulders of his predecessors, from Asiwaju Tinubu to Babatunde Fashola to Akinwunmi Ambode.

    The Lagos Island trader or the Victoria Island worker who lives in Festac Town or the Ojo Axis, and now rides the Blue Line in less than 30 minutes to Marina, will never deny the Sanwo-Olu effect. Neither would the young man in Agege, who can now sleep longer thanks to the new Red Line from Agege to CMS, forget the countless hours saved from sitting in traffic by the multimodal transport system.

    Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu’s tenure demonstrates the power of a clear vision combined with actionable plans. From infrastructure and education to security and economic development, his administration has left an indelible mark on Lagos State. As Lagos continues its journey toward becoming a model city in Africa, Sanwo-Olu’s contributions will be remembered as a testament to dedicated and visionary leadership. It’s no wonder he continues to garner accolades both at home and abroad for his visionary leadership and unwavering commitment to the Greater Lagos dream.

    Sanwo-Olu is leaving Lagos better than he met it, building a city for the future.

    •Hon. Israel, National Youth Leader of the All Progressives Congress (APC), writes from Abuja.

  • Death-for-fowl

    Death-for-fowl

    By Mike Kebonkwu

    I watched with deep reflection on African Independent Television (AIT) prime news of January 4, the story of a young man, Segun Olowookere who was granted pardon by the governor of Osun State in exercise of prerogative of mercy. A respected Don in the Humanities at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Professor Chijioke Uwasomba also drew my attention to it as he was caught in the web of the sentiments of a corrupt and manipulative justice system that we operate.  The story had elicited a lot of sentiments and emotion on the social media as usual when it broke and expectedly the judiciary was lacerated and lampooned. It was just enough that the young man was given a reprieve; but some things did not just add up in that story, it was not plausible. The story was skewed to achieve a preconceived objective, cashing on the poor perception of the court in justice delivery. 

    Unfortunately for us, we have to concede that public opinions and reality are what members of the Fourth Estate of the Realm say there are.  It is so much so that whenever falsehoods are repeated with consistency, they usually become the truth. Why would a court of law sentence a hungry man to death for stealing a fowl or eggs?

    To begin with, I am not aware of any law, whether federal or state, that prescribes death penalty for stealing fowl; there would have been some distortions and misinformation.  There was a rejoinder to that story from a former Attorney General of Osun State also in the social media, not verified,  that the young man was convicted for armed robbery contrary to story making the rounds.

    Does the state governor have the power to pardon prisoners and convicts? Yes, Section 212 of the 1999 Constitution as amended confers the power of prerogative of mercy on state governors; albeit for offences created by state law.  Any such power also must be exercised in overriding public interest, not based on emotion, sentiment and playing to the gallery.  In any case, Armed Robbery and Miscellaneous Offences are federal offences; therefore, the state governor acted ultra vires his power. 

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    Section 175 of the Constitution also empowers the president to exercise similar power.  Over time, it appears that this power has been exercised more for political considerations because the constitution simply offers a carte blanche to the president and governors on issue of exercise of power of prerogative of mercy.  The exercise of this power appears to be inconsistent with the principle of separation of power as it usurps the judicial power of the court or judiciary.  Elected chief executives should not open the prison gates and doors for criminals.  Why have they not acted in the same manner to sign death warrant for the execution of those on death row that have exhausted their appeal at the apex court?    If we should continue this way, one is afraid, we do not need the court houses; we do not need the judges, lawyers and the law. They have become unnecessary appendages and inconveniences to the administration of justice. 

    What is the need for a judiciary when convicts and felons are given blank cheques by the state?  What is the reason for correctional centres and prisons when judicial sentence has become a political decision?  We are fighting corruption, but those successfully prosecuted and convicted are granted state pardon and amnesty to go and enjoy their loot. 

    Tribal leaders, religious and regional groups tie peace and security in their regions to the freedom of persons being prosecuted for offences against the state.  We want insurgents and bandits to be given amnesty, rehabilitated and compensated while the victims are left in internally displaced persons camps without means of livelihood. Criminals and non-state actors have military grade weapons in their holdings and even fly drones and we are telling the world that their drones are not sophisticated enough to cause panic or pose a threat.  Why are we so delusional this country?

    Rights activists, NGOs and CSOs organize protests in defence of fugitives and politically exposed persons fingered for corruption.  The brouhaha about petroleum subsidy was said to have been as a result of graft and scam in the subsidy regime.  The state did not go for those behind the subsidy scam to prosecute them.

    There are scores of people convicted of violent crimes who have exhausted their appeals to the apex court and have been on the death row for years.  No president or governor had in exercise of his power also signed the death warrant for these people in aid of the law and society. If we want justice and the application of the rule of law, everybody must play his role in the chain of administration of justice.  We did not elect pastors and ustaz as political leaders; if you do not like the heat, leave the kitchen. 

    On the case of Segun Olowookere, it was quite surprising that that even highly respected senior lawyers joined the fray condemning the decision of the judge.  For lay people, it is understandable and I forgive them but for the lawyers it is most unfortunate that they reacted with such sentiment and ignoring the facts of the case.  The case was that the young man was convicted of armed robbery; period! He did not appeal.  

    It does not matter what the object/subject matter was so long as he was armed with weapons during the operation; it could have been stealing a ball of “akara” forcefully, while armed with a catapult.   If he did it carrying weapon, it was armed robbery and that is the law and if the evidence in court support such facts, the judge was right to give judgement based on the evidence before him.

    Every other person in this matter was wrong but the judge; if you like wear the badge of a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) like a medal.  Even though the governor acted within his power as provided in the constitution, he acted in error and not in public interest.  His action does not promote the rule of law and public interest; it is pure sentiment.

    Was that so-called victim picked up in a worship centre; was he arrested because he was in his father’s shop or farm?  The governor was misled by social media influencers in the court of public opinion.  Decision from the court of public opinion is mob justice. The same way the former regime acted when it opened the prison doors for former governors and chief executives of some states that were convicted of corruption and exhausted their appeals to the Supreme Court.

    The punishment for any offence is a reflection of the societies’ revulsion of the act of those felons. Criminals should serve their terms after exhausting their appeals.  After all, the procedure for exercise of the power of prerogative of mercy in most cases is also fraught with corruption. Let’s leave our moralities at the worship centres. Other prisoners deserve no less after all they all probably have reason for doing the act for which they were convicted.  Reflecting deeply the abuse that characterised the exercise of the power of the prerogative of mercy, one is of the view that it is high time it is expunged from the constitution or any other law for that matter.

    People who lost case in court now engage bloggers and social media influencers to sell lies and falsehood to mislead the public. It is the judiciary and court alone that can give valid interpretation of the law and award punishment in accordance with the provisions of the law. The act of the judex in his judicial capacity in this regard is unquestionable; although they are not infallible. Anyone that is dissatisfied with the award of a court should appeals to the appellate court.  It is the duty of the court to base its decision and judgment on facts before it.

    The young man was represented by counsel, I suppose of his choice.  He did not appeal the judgment.  We should perish the sentiments, emotions and hypes of media distortions and manipulations.  Did he commit the offence as an under-aged or minor during the time of the commission of the alleged offence or trial?   That is for the court to decide, anyway. 

    Some laws in relation to age to commission of crime are not just supported by common sense and logic any longer and reality of the time.  If a young man of 14 years can use a gun to rob, he should take the punishment for robbery; no sentiment! Before we free all the criminals, let us first, put an end to law!

    •Kebonkwu Esq, an attorney writes via mikekebonkwu@yahoo.com

  • Tinubu: Man of the Year

    Tinubu: Man of the Year

    Ray Ekpu

    On the front page of ThisDay newspaper of January 1, was splashed in bold print “Tough and Resilient, President Bola Tinubu is Man of the Year.” ThisDay’s Board of Editors explained its controversial choice this way: “In the face of mounting challenges and handicaps the president has remained determined and unfazed, marching on with audacious reforms to transform Nigeria.” Below the audacious headline was a sharp photograph of the president in a dark suit with his Awo style round glasses and his sharp eyes piercing through the paper to face the world. The editors explained further the reason for their choice of a man who survived 11 days of riotous revolt in the past year as its man of the year. “From merely providing leadership to introducing very unpopular but promising reforms, Tinubu has proven to be a daring and gritty leader, driven by conviction rather than sentiments.”

    Correct to a T. If I had to choose a man of the year for 2024, I would choose, without any hesitation, Bola Tinubu. I would not be making the choice because he is popular – he is not – I would be making the choice because his decisions are impactful – for good or for ill. That is the basis of the man of the year concept which was established by Time magazine in 1927.

     In that year, the editors of Time decided that every year they would name a person, group, idea or object that “for better or for worse” who has done the most to influence the events of the year. Charles Lindbergh was the first man to earn the honour. Lindbergh was the first pilot to complete the first solo trans-atlantic flight in May 1927 by piloting his monoplane Spirit of St. Louis from Garden City, New York to Paris, France. This pilot was recognized for a very positive achievement. But in 1979 Ruhollah Khomeini was recognized by Time for leading a violent Iranian revolution and making himself the Supreme Leader of Iran.

    So the decision is made because the impact made by the person is either good or bad although most people think that any person named is actually for positive reasons only.

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    A few people have criticized ThisDay’s decision, alleging that the paper made the choice in order to mend its relationship with the Presidency which was poisoned during the campaign for the 2023 elections. Even if that was the reason for its choice, there is nothing, absolutely nothing, wrong with its decision to mend its business relationship with a powerful institution like the Presidency. Relationship-building is part of business-building. And journalism is a business as well as a profession. Journalists must build their businesses along with their professions if they want to succeed.

    Besides, professional journalism must be practised on an episodic basis. If a government takes a good decision, you must commend it; if it takes a bad decision you must condemn it. And in condemning it, you must provide an alternative policy option. There must be no permanent friends or permanent foes, only permanent interests, namely, public interest.

    As I said earlier if I had to choose the Man of the Year for 2024, I would choose Tinubu without any hesitation. In the last one year he has shown strength of character, strength of conviction, courage in taking difficult decisions, communication skills and negotiating ability. That is how he prevented 10-day protest from becoming a bloody revolution that would have consumed his government. That is why he was able to dissuade the Niger Delta militants from joining the protest which would have thrown the economy into a fatal tailspin. That is how he was able to gain the confidence of the trade unions and get them to accept a minimum wage that was far from the expected figure brandished by the union leaders. That is how he was able to get the students and other stakeholders to accept the novel idea of a students’ loan scheme without rancour. That was how he was able to manage the riotous, corruption-ridden petroleum universe to accept Dangote’s entry into the honey pot that they greedily controlled and consumed unreservedly. That was how he was able to get two of Nigeria’s four refineries that had been dormant for more than a decade to start producing refined petroleum products again after a phenomenal waste of the country’s vast resources. That is how he was able to get those countries such as France, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates that had shut the door business wise against Nigeria to roll out the welcome mat for Nigeria again.

    All of these decisions and reforms have not yet solved Nigeria’s major problems of insecurity and hunger and high prices of food, fuel and medicine but they have given an indication that the government is ready, willing and able to tackle them frontally and fiercely for the benefit of the country in the near future. That is the meaning of impact Tinubu’s government has shown in the last one year that it is capable of bringing to the fore reforms that can, in the long or short run, transform the country into one of our dreams.

    Nigeria has run as a democracy for the past 25 years. It hasn’t been a perfect democracy. Our elections have been disputed. Our judiciary has been accused of loss of independence. Our politicians have been accused of vote buying. Our election managers have been accused of election rigging. These constitute our nadir but they are subjects for which we can learn, improve and get better. The alternative which we had experienced for many years, was worse, far worse, than what we have now. That is why there are discussions about mergers and coalitions so as to see if it is possible to perform the magic of 2013 during which three or so ramshackle parties were stitched together to form what is the ruling party today. That is the apotheosis, the advantage we derive from where we are now.

    If the place where we are now was not attractive, our politicians would not be talking of staying where we are on a consolidated basis.

     Whatever is the interpretation that Tinubu’s friends or foes may attach to his being named by ThisDay as its 2024 Man of the Year, there is some evidence of positivity that some of his reforms have had on Nigeria.

  • Vibes of January 6th

    Vibes of January 6th

    Today is January 6th, a significant day in the United States’ political calendar. It is the day when Vice President Kamala Harris, as president of the American senate, must swallow the bitter pill of overseeing a joint session of Congress that will officially certify the victory of President-elect Donald Trump at the election held on 5th November, last year. She would thereby be also certifying her own loss at the poll. Trump as Republican candidate trounced Democratic opponent Harris in the election, dashing her hope of becoming the country’s first female commander-in-chief and securing a return to the White House after he himself had suffered defeat in the 2020 election by outgoing President Joe Biden.

    Under U.S. law, Congress on the sixth of January following a presidential poll meets at 1 o’clock in the afternoon in a joint session where state electors, known as the electoral college, would present a slate of votes for certification by the national legislature. This procedure formally concludes the process of electing the country’s president. At today’s meet, the electors representing each of America’s 50 states will be affirming that Trump comfortably secured a second term in power at the November 2024 poll, having defeated Harris who by law will be the presiding officer at the Congress joint session. Trump won 312 electoral votes – more than the 270 needed to form a government and head above the 226 that Harris got – to emerge tops at the November election. He also won the greater number of popular votes in that poll, but it is the electoral votes in reckoning for Congress certification.

    Another significance of today’s procedure in Congress is its marking the fourth anniversary of a violent mob attack on Capitol Hill. President-elect Trump is widely believed to have instigated that mob attack in 2021 to abort the certification of the 2020 election victory by Biden to whom Harris was running mate. Harris, then a senator from California and vice president-elect, was at the Capitol earlier that day for a legislative committee meeting and had left by the time the mob struck. On the first anniversary of the attack, she recalled that dark day for American democracy in a speech, saying: “My thoughts immediately turned not only to my colleagues, but to my staff who had been forced to seek refuge in our office, converting filing cabinets into barricades… On January 6th, we all saw what our nation would look like if forces who seek to dismantle our democracy are successful.”

    The cruel irony is that Harris is now saddled with the task of presiding at the certification of the arrowhead of those “forces” she spoke against. Reports said it wasn’t often that a vice president, who ran as a presidential candidate, had to preside over the confirmation of their rival’s win and, by implication, their own loss. A similar circumstance faced Al Gore, Bill Clinton’s vice president, when he lost the 2000 election to George W. Bush after a gruelling court battle and an agonising recount. Richard Nixon previously had a taste of the bitter pill after losing to John F. Kennedy in 1960; but he got compensated by being the beneficiary on 6th January, 1969 when Hubert Humphrey – another vice president who like Harris undertook a sprint campaign following Lyndon Johnson’s resignation – had the task of certifying Nixon’s 1968 victory. Humphrey chose to skip the day in Congress, though, and left it to senate president pro tempore Richard Russell to officially affirm his (Humphrey’s) loss by certifying Nixon’s win.

    In none of the instances, however, had the winner previously been president. And certainly, none of them saw their victory certified on the fourth anniversary of a day they instigated a mob to disrupt the constitutional process in Congress after weeks of refusing to accept a defeat confirmed by courts in various jurisdictions where it was challenged. On the afternoon of 6th January, 2021, as Congress was meeting to certify the results of the 2020 presidential poll, a violent and heavily armed mob of then outgoing President Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. As lawmakers and legislative staff were herded to secure locations or barricaded behind doors, the rioters pushed past severely outnumbered Capitol police officers, breaking windows and vandalising offices; many spewing outrage toward members of Congress, particularly then Vice President Mike Pence, for having resisted attempts by Trump to overturn the election in his favor. Five people got killed, including a Capitol police officer who was beaten by rioters. No fewer than 140 other officers were injured in the mob assault as Trump remained all the while in the White House, allegedly watching the chaos unfold on television without doing much to rein it in.

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    Moments before that invasion of Congress, the then president held a rally on White House lawn where he asked his supporters to fight like hell. “We fight like hell. And if you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore,” he told the supporters, adding: “I know everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard.”

    When the supporters did march in their thousands on the Congress proceedings, however, they were anything but peaceful. Their aim, namely stopping the certification process in Congress, was informed by unfounded conspiracy theories of widespread voter fraud in the 2020 poll that Trump himself most vigorously plied.

    In their mission to stop the certification of Biden’s victory, they had a clear target: Vice President Pence. For days, Trump had been pressuring Pence to stop Congress from certifying the 2020 poll results. “Mike Pence, I hope you’re going to stand up for the good of our Constitution and for the good of our country. And if you’re not, I’m going to be very disappointed in you. I will tell you right now,” he had said from the rally stage just before the riot. U.S. law clearly provides that  Pence did not have the power to stop the process, but that did not stop Trump’s supporters from marching down Pennsylvania Avenue, chanting: “Hang Mike Pence!”

    The events of that day were the subject of a bipartisan legislative probe that conducted over 1,000 interviews, reviewed more than a million documents and subpoenaed some 100 witnesses over 18 months. The voluminous report that resulted from the probe stated in part: “The central cause of January 6th was one man, former President Donald Trump, who many others followed. None of the events of January 6th would have happened without him.” The Capitol insurrection was the basis on which U.S. House of Representatives voted in February 2021 to impeach Trump, but the Senate acquitted him.

    In her concession speech following the November 2024 poll, Harris pledged smooth transfer of power. Biden has himself severally vowed commitment to a peaceful transition. Today’s procedure in Congress presents a platform to walk that talk. In recent remarks, Harris has been speaking about “staying in the fight” and  hinting she won’t be stepping off the political stage anytime soon. In a call with donors and supporters late last November, she said: “The fight that fueled our campaign – a fight for freedom and opportunity – that did not end on November 5.” Analyses said she used the word “fight” 19 times during that call.

    Also in an address mid-December to students in Maryland, Harris told the young ones: “Many people have come up to me, telling me they feel tired, maybe even resigned. Folks have said to me that they’re not sure whether they have the strength, much less the desire, to stay in the fight. But let me be very clear: no one can walk away. We must stay in the fight, every one of us.” Today’s procedure in Congress will show she wasn’t using the word “fight” in the sense Trump did four years ago.

    All things given, the American president-elect will be sworn into office on 20th January and Biden will most likely be there in Washington to see him take the oath; never mind that Trump skipped his turn when Biden took the oath in 2021.

    •Please join me on kayodeidowu.blogspot.be for conversation.

  • Obasanjo and NNPCL refineries

    Obasanjo and NNPCL refineries

    • By Simbo Olorunfemi

    That former president, Olusegun Obasanjo has an almost child-like emotional attachment to the public-owned refineries under the trust and care of the NNPCL is not in doubt. It is also not difficult to explain why that appears to be the case. He can indeed assert some level of claim/credit for the construction of two of Nigeria’s publicly owned four refineries. While the decision to construct the second and third refineries in Warri and Kaduna respectively was taken in 1974, with construction on the third set to only commence “whenever the projection of the consumption of petroleum products justifies it”, by early 1975, fuel shortages made it necessary to proceed with its construction soon after.

    The Warri Refinery, whose contract was awarded in 1975 before Obasanjo became Head of State, was completed and commissioned in 1978 while he was in office. The contract for the construction of the Kaduna Refinery was awarded in 1977 and commissioned in 1980.

    One interesting fact is that the construction of these refineries was under the direct supervision of Muhammadu Buhari who was appointed Federal Commissioner (Minister) for Petroleum and Natural Resources in March 1976 and chairman of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation when it was created in 1977, a position he held until 1978.

    So, it must have been heart-breaking for Obasanjo to meet the refineries in a state of much disrepair when he returned as president in 1999. Such was the state of the refineries that even with so much money expended on ‘Turn-around maintenance’ of the refineries while he was in office, there was no turn-around in fortune for the refineries that he had to put them up for sale a few weeks to the end of his administration.

    For the Port Harcourt refinery, Blue Star, a consortium of Nigerian companies – Zenon Oil, Dangote Oil, and Gas & Transnational Corp. outbid UK-based Indian steel baron, Lakshmi Mittal, who had offered $550 million. The Dangote-led Blue Star, made up of Obasanjo’s associates, paid $561 million to acquire 51% of the government-owned stake in the refinery. There were two other bidders – Oando Plc as well as Sahara Energy in conjunction with Refinee PetroPlus, but the two were disqualified in a process conducted by the BPE. Bluestar will follow up with the buy-in in Port Harcourt to, soon after, also take a 51% stake in the Kaduna Refining Company.

    In what was a strange twist of irony, it was Obasanjo’s anointed successor in office, President Umaru Yar’Adua, who, within only a few months of assumption, took a different position on the sale of the refineries, which prompted Blue Star to pull out of the deal. Obasanjo, who never hid his pain, and tried to prevail on his successor without success, cannot get over the turn of events.

    He often recoils at how Yar’Adua baulked under pressure and cancelled the sale. “The refineries are old and Dangote and some investors paid $750 million for two of the refineries. My successor came to office and reversed the sale. He even refunded the money they paid. So I went to him and asked him why he did this. He said it was because of pressure. So I wondered if the pressure by some people was more important than the interest of the whole nation,” he once recalled.

    Even though the reversal of the Obasanjo sale took place over 17 years ago, and the administrations that succeeded further moved in the opposite direction, Obasanjo has refused to accept that any approach other than the one he took will ever work. To him, the refineries did not work with him, and they can never work under any other dispensation no matter what is done, which is quite intriguing.

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    Whereas Obasanjo anchored his decision to sell as pro-Nigeria and the reversal of the sale as anti-Nigeria, those who cancelled the sale obviously thought otherwise. In the first place, the sale was greeted by widespread criticism from the public, with the main accusation then being that the sale did not follow due process. Indeed, NNPC and DPR spoke up against it, just as the labour unions, especially NUPENG and PENGASSAN were up in arms against it. They claimed that “the sale of the two firms was completely lacking in transparency”, that no due diligence was carried out, and that the Port Harcourt refinery was worth about US$5 billion, roughly nine times the amount it was sold for. Indeed, the sale of the refineries to Bluestar was one of the grounds for a general strike that paralysed the Nigerian economy for four days in June 2007.

    So, while the reversal of the sale is often cited, these days, as a major setback, not everyone agrees with that. Not everyone saw the decision to sell the refineries as the right one. In his interviews with the media on the subject, Obasanjo usually anchors his argument that the refineries can never work on the conversation he said he heard with top Shell executives whom he had invited to take a stake in the refinery and manage it. Shell, he said, gave four reasons for declining his offer. According to him, the Shell executive said: “First of all, they make a major profit from upstream, not from downstream. He said they run downstream just to keep their head above water.

    “Two, our refineries were too small: 60,000 barrels 100,000 barrels and I think 120,000 barrels. He said that at that time, the average refinery was going for 250,000 barrels.

    “Three, he said our refineries were not well maintained. Four, he said that there was too much corruption around the activities of our refineries and they would not want to get involved in that.”

    But looking at these reasons said to have been given by Shell, none of them is novel or suggestive that Shell saw the refineries as beyond redemption, as Obasanjo concluded. Indeed, it is well known that the refinery business is not the most profitable and that upstream is more profitable than downstream. It is easy to understand why Shell, which is not even a player in the Nigerian downstream sector, will not be interested in running a refinery, even with corruption out of consideration. It is ironic that observations made by Shell will make such a lasting impression on Obasanjo that he will shut out any suggestion that does not endorse the impression he formed.

    It is instructive that following years of fits and starts under different administrations, with efforts at ‘turnaround maintenance’ not yielding lasting results, President Muhammadu Buhari who had worked with President Obasanjo in the past, will then take the bold step of shutting down the refineries and commissioned a complete rehabilitation of the four refineries, as different from the TAMs in 2021. At the time, the NNPCL CEO, Mele Kyari said: “I have said it over and over that we have not taken care of these refineries over the years, that we have mismanaged the turnaround maintenance work over time in the last 20+ years, these plants have degenerated to a level that today, we are not turning around but resuscitating them, which is different from TAM.”

    Apparently, many didn’t understand the difference then, even as many still don’t understand it now, thus going off tangent in their expectations of what the refineries can deliver. At the time the contract for rehabilitation was awarded, some people had also made the point that a new refinery could have been built instead of rehabilitating the old ones, but Mele Kyari explained then:

     “We have people saying why not build a new one; why will you repair an old refinery with $1.5 billion? The fact is available even by Google search, what it takes to build a refinery of this status today.” 

    “It will be difficult for the country to build a new refinery as it will take four years for it to commence production. It is around $7 billion and $12 billion to construct a refinery of this nature (Port Harcourt refinery),” Kyari argued.

    Atedo Peterside submitted then that NNPC would only “enmesh Nigeria into a deeper financial mess by throwing $1.5 billion at a problem it created,”, while Prof Pat Utomi argued that “The decision of federal government to invest $1.5 billion in the repair of Port Harcourt refinery is unwise, unreasonable and has no basis.”

    Indeed, only a few gave the NNPCL a chance with the rehabilitation of the refineries, with trust further eroded by multiple failures to deliver to its schedule. But things have turned around in the last two months with the commencement of production in the old wing of the Port Harcourt refinery, and last week’s resumption of production at the Warri refinery, with indications that the Kaduna refinery would be going on stream soon.  The club of cynics and sceptics is fast thinning out.

    Obasanjo appears unconvinced though. “I was told not too long ago that since that time, more than $2 billion have been squandered on the refineries and they still will not work. If a company like Shell tells me what they told me, I will believe them. But here we are, over $2 billion squandered, and the refineries still won’t work,” Obasanjo declared. It might be that Obasanjo is of the mind that the rehabilitation work that was done at the refineries is of the standard that was presented to him as having been done in the past, not realising that this is clearly beyond that, with experts positing that what we have now is virtually a new plant.

    NNPCL has responded appropriately with its Chief Corporate Communications Officer, Olufemi Soneye, extending an invitation to the former president for a tour of the newly completed refineries to witness first-hand the state of operations there. President Obasanjo has a reputation for being forthright and candid. One expects him to honour this invitation and share with Nigerians his impression thereafter. That is the right and honourable thing to do.

    •Olorunfemi works for a Nigerian communications consultancy and publisher of Africa Enterprise.

  • 2024: EFCC’s year of unparalleled achievements

    2024: EFCC’s year of unparalleled achievements

    • By Tunde Nasiru

    When President Bola Tinubu approved the appointment of Olanipekun Olukorede as the Executive Chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on October 12, 2023 and his subsequent confirmation by the senate on October 18, 2023, there was no drama or any inkling as to expectations from the anti-graft body under the new helmsman at a period when not a few Nigerians had lost hope and were neither impressed nor encouraged by the performance of the EFCC.

    So, on the day Olukoyede resumed at the EFCC headquarters, immediately after inspecting the mounted guard of honour, he addressed the management and staff of the agency. The new chairman asked EFCC’s staff to declare their assets with a promise that such assets would be verified.

    Olukoyede, posited that, for the EFCC, “it can no longer be business as usual.”

    While many would have thought that the declared vision and mission of the new czar was akin to the usual grandstanding and populist pronouncements of public officials when they assume office; pronouncements that sooner than later wane as days and months pass by, however, there were signs that a new sheriff was in town.

    The new EFCC boss soon settled down to business; he came prepared. He had previously served as Chief of Staff to a former Acting Executive Chairman, Ibrahim Magu, and was confirmed as Secretary to the Commission on November 28, 2018. These are two of the most senior appointments in the Commission.

    A legal practitioner and Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), Olukoyede is also a regulatory compliance consultant with speciality in compliance management, corporate intelligence and fraud management. He had considerable insight and experience in the investigation and civil litigation of fraud and financial crimes.

    Fourteen months in the saddle, the EFCC under Olukoyede, has achieved unprecedented breakthroughs in the fight against corruption that eminently qualify him for a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. The untouchables have been touched, while past governors and ministers were either docked or undergoing investigations.

    The position above is not an exaggeration at all. For example, we have heard about recoveries and forfeiture of properties acquired from proceeds of drugs, corruption and so on. There is nowhere in the history that a whole university has been forfeited to any government as a result of litigation by an anti-corruption agency.

    On Friday, June 7, 2024 Justice Joyce Abdulmalik of the Federal High Court sitting in Abuja ordered the final forfeiture of every asset of a private university, NOK University, Gwasmyen Water Factory, Gwasmyen Event Centre and Gwasmyen International Hotel, all in Kaduna State.

    Read Also: Why we had to remove fuel subsidy, by Tinubu

    EFCC was able to diligently establish before the court, incontrovertible facts that Anthony Hassan, a former director of finance and accounts at the Federal Ministry of Health, built NOK University using proceeds of unlawful activities traced to him.

    Physical assets of the university forfeited included Senate building, ICT building, Faculty of Medicine building, Science building, two academic buildings, a faculty hall and other buildings. This forfeiture of a whole university was unheard of in world history!

    On Monday, December 2, 2024, the EFCC achieved another first-of-its-kind forfeiture. It secured the final forfeiture of a-150,500 square meter estate in Abuja, to the federal government. The estate is located at Plot 109, Cadastral Zone C09, Lokogoma District, Abuja. That was a single largest asset recovery in the history of Nigeria, if not Africa.

    The estate contains 753 units of duplexes and other apartments. The EFCC alleged that the owner(s) fraudulently built the estate and relied on Section 17 of the Advance Fee Fraud And Other Fraud Related Offences Act No 14, 2006 and Section 44 (2) B of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

    For the EFCC’s Olukoyede, asset recovery is pivotal in the fight against corruption, economic and financial crimes and a major disincentive against the corrupt and the fraudulent.

    Addressing members of the House of Representatives Committee on Anti-corruption the Chairman explained that: “If you understand the intricacies involved in financial crimes investigation and prosecution, you will discover that to recover one billion naira is war.

     “So, I told my people that the moment we start investigation we must also start asset tracing because asset recovery is pivotal in the anti-corruption fight; and one of the potent instruments that you can deploy as an anti-corruption agency for an effective fight is asset-tracing and recovery. If you allow the corrupt or those that you are investigating to have access to the proceeds of their crime, they will fight you with it.”

    The news of the seizure and forfeiture of the expansive Abuja estate by EFCC reverberated throughout the country and beyond. International news agencies reported the almost unbelievable recovery of corruption proceeds and not a few people wondered how many of such high-net properties acquired with illicit funds by corrupt public officials are in the highbrow areas of major cities of Nigeria.

    As the year 2024 was gradually grinding to an end, EFCC announced news of yet another “bumper harvest”! Olukoyede disclosed that the commission, in a landmark raid, had, at a go, arrested 792 suspects for their alleged involvement in cryptocurrency investment fraud and romance scam. That’s a world record!

    The suspects were apprehended on Tuesday, December 10, 2024, in a surprise operation at their operational base, an imposing seven-storey edifice known as Big Leaf Building, on No.7, Oyin Jolayemi Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, following verifiable intelligence received by the commission.

    Speaking during a media briefing on the startling arrest on Monday, December 16, 2024, at the Lagos Zonal Directorate of the Commission, Olukoyede stated that 148 Chinese, 40 Filipinos, two Kharzartans, one Pakistani, one Indonesian were arrested during the well-coordinated operation.

    The EFCC’s boss, who spoke though the Director, Public Affairs of EFCC, Wilson Uwujaren, further stated that the foreign nationals used the facility, which could be mistaken for a corporate headquarters of a financial establishment, to train their Nigerian accomplices on how to initiate romance and investment scams and also used the identities of their Nigerian accomplices to perpetrate their criminal activities.

    According to him, “All the floors are equipped with high-end desktop computers. On the 5th floor alone, investigators recovered 500 SIM cards of local telcos that were bought for criminal purposes.

    The Daily Trust in its editorial of December 26, 2024 expressed worries about what it called “systemic issues in Nigeria particularly with its security apparatus.”

     “For 193 foreign nationals with criminal tendencies to be arrested in a single building underscores a serious disconnect between the public and security agencies among other things. Residents in the vicinity of the building should have raised the red flag immediately they witnessed the unusual activity around the area.

     “The failure to do so promptly reflects a lack of communication between Nigerians and law enforcement, as well as an apathetic attitude toward policing… this calls for a more proactive approach by agencies like the National Orientation Agency (NOA) to educate citizens on the importance of collaborating with security operatives”, the paper maintained.

    While Europe and the USA have reported what were termed the biggest burst of cybercrime syndicate according to a report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) of May 30, 2024, the number of arrests made during the said operations in Europe and America were nothing significant as compared to the arrest made by the EFCC at the multi-storey ‘university of fraud’ at Victoria Island, Lagos.

    As it may turn out, with this ground-breaking discoveries and arrests, the EFCC may have found its way into the Guinness Book of World Records. Who knows?

    •Nasiru, a social policy analyst, sent this piece from Abuja.

  • “Is there a country better than Uganda?” – “Sir, No, Sir!”

    “Is there a country better than Uganda?” – “Sir, No, Sir!”

    The question-and-answer title of this article is from a captivating citizenship and leadership training 5:35 minutes video which has been trending online since around 25 December, 2024. The patriotic motivational conversational exchange occurred at a militaristic boot camp – a vacation camp in Kampala, Uganda, for 7 to 17 (or 18 to 24) year old male children from different homes and different schools in Uganda and a number of other countries under the Boys’ Mentorship Programme. The Director of the programme, Godfrey Kuteesa, is “a graduate in Information Technology and a Certificate [holder] in Business Process Outsourcing from Mbarara University of Science and Technology and Makerere University consecutively in 2009 and 2011,” according to an autobiographical account.

    The website of the Boys’ Mentorship Programme notes that it “offers a Christian oriented mentorship programme that grooms boys into men of purpose that live their lives according to the masculine traits of manhood. These include taking responsibility for one’s actions, making the right decisions, self-discipline, servant leadership, respecting others, family leadership, integrity, productivity and hardwork.” The motto of the programme is “Responsibility Starts With Me.” In the above-mentioned video, Godfrey Kuteesa was the one who asked the question “Is there a country better than Uganda?” and his trainees in the boot camp were the ones who answered, “Sir, No, Sir!”

    In the video, Kuteesa began his motivational speech to the trainees with the following declarations: “A weak man runs away from problems. A strong man stays and manages the problems. A weak man runs away from problems. A strong man stays and manages the problems. A weak man runs away from problems, but a strong man stays and manages the problems. Can you say ‘Problems’.” And the trainees responded in unison: “Problems.” “Now, you are Ugandans. You are the hope of Uganda. Can you say, ‘I am the hope of Uganda’?” They responded: “I am the hope of Uganda.”  And he said, “I don’t hear you.” And they responded louder: “I am the hope of Uganda!” And again, he said, “I don’t hear you, people!” And they responded again, even louder: “I am the hope of Uganda!” He further said, “I don’t hear you!” And they responded: “I am the hope of Uganda!” And again, he said, “Speak louder than that!” And they said: “I am the hope of Uganda!”

    This powerful exhortation brings to mind the “japa” syndrome in Nigeria – a situation in which people, especially, young ones, emigrate from the country, seemingly in fright and without critical appraisal. But it’s not only in Nigeria that the japa syndrome has been prevalent. In fact, in Senegal, the fate of young people who embark on the flight through perilous routes is often a subject of organised group supplication to God for divine intervention. A 22 July, 2017 report in Aljazeera titled, “Saving Senegal’s sons from vanishing in European seas,” noted: “Traumatised by loss of young men at sea, mothers and relatives work to find alternatives to perilous journey to Europe.”

    In his inspirational mission, Kuteesa declared further: “Yes, you are the hope of Uganda. You are the one who is going to fix the problems of Uganda. You don’t run away from Uganda. You love Uganda. You embrace Uganda, because there is no country like Uganda. There is no country like Uganda. Is there a country better than Uganda?” They replied in unison: “Sir, No, Sir!” “Is there a country better than Uganda?” They replied again: “Sir, No, Sir!” “Is there a country gifted like Uganda?” They replied: “Sir, No, Sir!” “Is there a country blessed like Uganda?” Again, they replied: “Sir, No, Sir!” He continued: “There is no country better than Uganda! There is no country! Every imperfection in Uganda is going to be fixed by you! Every wrong thing in Uganda is going to be fixed by you! Everything that you see on TV that is not good that they are talking about.”

    To indicate that the patriotic duty he was challenging them to take up was not delusional, Kuteesa asked his trainees: “How many of you see things that are not good in Uganda? Raise up your hands. Raise up your hand straight! I told you, when you raise up your hand, you use the right hand straight! Straight! That’s not straight! What do you see that is imperfect in Uganda? What do you see?” He points at a student who answered: “Bad roads.” And Kuteesa responded: “Bad roads. Very good. Thank you, Sir!” Other camp members mentioned the parliament, corrupt leaders, rubbish disposal, poor accommodation, poor political infrastructure, high crime rate, police stations, pollution, poor businesses, anti-social behaviours, illiteracy, slum development and increasing inflation.

    Kuteesa further declared: “Everything that you see that is imperfect in Uganda is going to be corrected by you. … ‘I am the leader the world is waiting for.’” The students responded: “I am the leader the world is waiting for.” He said: “I don’t hear you, people!” The trainees repeated after him in unison: “I am the leader the world is waiting for.” I don’t hear you, people!” They respond: “I am the leader the world is waiting for.” Then he said: I am the leader Uganda is waiting for.” And they responded: “I am the leader Uganda is looking for.”

    Kuteesa continued, “Even you in Tanzania, where are my friends from Tanzania? Where are you? Are there things you see that are imperfect in Tanzania?” The Tanzanian trainees replied, listing some of the exact problems the Ugandans had identified. And Kuteesa responded: “Tanzania is waiting for you. No one is going to fix the problems for you.” The trainees in unison respond: “No one is going to fix the problems for you.” He then said: “I don’t hear you!” The trainees responded: “No one is going to fix the problems for you!” Kuteesa commanded: “Say it again!” And the trainees responded: “No one is going to fix the problems for you!” Kuteesa then said again: “No one is going to fix the problems for you. It’s you. You are the leader the world needs. That’s why you are in this boot camp. That’s why I’m teaching you. … You’ll fix that problem.”

    For the avoidance of doubt, he asserted: “Some of you are going to fix roads for us. Some of you are going to fight corruption for us. Some of you are going to fight illiteracy for us. Some of you are going to be doing what I am doing 18 years from now. You are going to be training those boys that will be growing up. You’ll be telling them exactly what I’m telling you. You are the fathers the world is looking for. The good fathers. The good leaders. The good ministers. The good soldiers. The good policemen. The good infrastructure experts. You are the leaders. … How many of you believe you are the leaders the world is waiting for?” And the trainees raised their hands. He then continued: “Say, ‘I believe that I’m the leader the world is waiting for.’” And they responded: “I believe that I’m the leader the world is waiting for.” And he said: “I don’t hear you! I don’t hear you! I don’t hear you!” So, they repeat: “I believe that I’m the leader the world is waiting for.”

    It’s pertinent to note that, in relation to this country, that if the question had been “Is there a country better than Nigeria?”, one of the country’s most prominent opposition leaders, Peter Obi, would probably have encouraged the young people to answer: “Sir, Yes, Sir!” In fact, in its 11 November, 2024 issue, Daily Post reported that Obi advised graduating students of a Nursing School in Anambra State to seek greener pastures outside Nigeria and return when things become better in the country. So, it’s gladdening that 2024 ended on a note of hope with the Ugandan youths’ patriotic response. It underscores the fact that though the country has problems, the right thing to do is to stay back and tackle them, rather than fleeing one’s own country only to discover later that, as the English proverb notes, “The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.”

    Read Also: Bride arrested for allegedly poisoning guests at own wedding

    For striking delivery, Kuteesa overwhelmingly employed the repetition of statements, questions and commands to underscore his points, give his speech an active tone and create a muscular atmosphere. He also aptly used questions and commands for effective audience engagement. Moreover, he addressed the trainees respectively as “Sir”, ostensibly to boost their self-esteem. This rare act of politeness in which the young people were addressed with such reverence by an authority figure is likely to have made the boot camp experience especially memorable for the trainees, and the values of mutual respect and self-worth inculcated in the young people more enduring. Kuteesa complemented these elements of style with engaging gesticulations and walking through and touching some of the mentees.

    It is important to note that the Boys’ Mentorship Programme is a private initiative. And it is not free. Parents or sponsors pay for the 10-day programme. They also pay for international trips meant to expand the trainees’ horizon, enrich their experience and consolidate their patriotic commitment to Uganda, following the dictum that “travelling is part of education.”

    There are lessons for Nigeria to learn from the Ugandan Boys’ Mentorship Programme. A situation must be avoided in which the proposed 30-day National Youth Conference of the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu administration will be seen as a “go-and-take-your-own” honey pot. It must be a programme to instill in young Nigerians the love for and hope in this country and the willingness to work to solve its problems. It should also be a programme which will encourage the government to equip the youth with what is required to fulfill their dreams and earn the country a sustainable respectable standing among the comity of nations.

    For efficient implementation, and to fulfill the objectives of the Nigerian youth programme optimally, it should entail joint action by the Ministry of Youths (under which are National Youth Service Corps [NYSC] and the Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre), Ministry of Information and National Orientation (especially, the National Orientation Agency) and the Ministry of Interior (especially, the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps).   In fact, that programme should be expected to lead to the formation of something like a National Youth Reorientation Initiative, or even a Nigerian Youth Hope Initiative, as an anchor to stem psychological and socio-cultural drift which promotes the defeatist japa syndrome. Given Nigeria’s leadership role in West Africa and, indeed Africa, the Nigerian initiative could also be the foundation for the setting up of a West African Youth Reorientation Initiative and even an African Youth Reorientation Initiative.

  • Climate Change: An overview of global experiences

    Climate Change: An overview of global experiences

    • By: Adebayo Adeleye

    Climate change is arguably the most pressing issue of our time, affecting every corner of the globe. From rising sea levels to unprecedented weather patterns, the impact of climate change is felt in diverse ways across various regions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of global experiences with climate change, highlighting key challenges, innovative solutions, and the urgent need for collective action.

    Understanding Climate Change

    Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities—particularly the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes—have accelerated these changes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has warned that the planet is warming at an alarming rate, with temperatures projected to rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2030 unless significant measures are taken.

    The Science Behind Climate Change

    The basic science of climate change revolves around the greenhouse effect. Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a warmer planet. Human activities have increased the concentration of these gases dramatically since the Industrial Revolution. According to the IPCC, CO2 levels are now higher than they have been in at least 800,000 years.

    Global Impacts of Climate Change

    Rising Temperatures and Extreme Weather: One of the most visible impacts of climate change is the increase in global temperatures. The past decade has witnessed record-breaking heatwaves across Europe, Asia, and North America. These temperature spikes have led to severe droughts, wildfires, and a higher incidence of heat-related illnesses. For instance, in 2021, Western North America experienced a heat dome that shattered temperature records, with some regions reporting highs above 50 degrees Celsius. Similarly, Europe faced devastating floods in 2021, particularly in Germany and Belgium, where heavy rainfall caused rivers to overflow and resulted in significant loss of life and property.

    Melting Ice Caps and Rising Sea Levels: The polar regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change, with the Arctic warming at twice the global average. The melting of ice caps and glaciers contributes to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems. According to a 2022 report by the IPCC, sea levels could rise by as much as 1.1 meters by 2100 if current trends continue. Countries like Bangladesh, the Maldives, and parts of the Philippines are already experiencing the consequences of rising seas, with millions of people facing displacement. In 2023, the United Nations estimated that by 2050, over 200 million people could be forced to migrate due to climate-related factors.

    Biodiversity Loss and Ecosystem Disruption:Climate change is also having a profound impact on biodiversity. As temperatures rise and weather patterns shift, many species are struggling to adapt. Coral reefs, which support a quarter of all marine life, are experiencing bleaching events due to warmer waters and ocean acidification. The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” is facing increased deforestation and fires, exacerbated by climate change. The loss of biodiversity not only threatens ecosystems but also the livelihoods of communities that depend on these resources.

    Global Responses: Successes and Challenges:

    International Agreements:The global response to climate change has primarily been shaped by international agreements. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, was the first major international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, it faced criticism for its limited reach and effectiveness. In 2015, the Paris Agreement marked a significant milestone, with countries committing to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, aiming for a 1.5-degree limit. As of 2023, nearly 200 countries have ratified the agreement, but implementation remains uneven, with many nations lagging in their commitments.

    National and Local Initiatives: Many countries have undertaken ambitious climate action initiatives. For instance, Denmark has invested heavily in renewable energy, aiming to become carbon-neutral by 2050. The country’s use of wind energy has surged, with wind turbines now supplying around 47% of its electricity. In Africa, countries like Kenya and Rwanda are leading in reforestation efforts, recognizing the importance of forests in carbon sequestration. These initiatives not only combat climate change but also enhance food security and create jobs. At the local level, cities are taking the lead in climate action. Initiatives like “green infrastructure” aim to enhance urban resilience by integrating nature into city planning. For example, Singapore has implemented a “Garden City” strategy, incorporating parks and green roofs to combat urban heat and improve air quality.

    The Role of Technology: Innovative technologies are playing a crucial role in addressing climate change. Advances in renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, have made them more accessible and cost-effective. In 2022, for the first time, renewable energy sources surpassed coal in global electricity generation, a significant milestone in the transition to clean energy.

    Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are also gaining traction, with projects around the world capturing CO2 emissions from industrial processes and storing them underground. However, widespread deployment remains a challenge due to high costs and technical limitations.

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    The Role of Communities and Grassroots Movements: Community engagement and grassroots movements have been instrumental in driving climate action. Young activists, inspired by figures like Greta Thunberg, have mobilized millions through movements like Fridays for Future, demanding urgent action from governments.

    Indigenous communities, often the most affected by climate change, are also leading the charge in conservation efforts. Their traditional knowledge and sustainable practices offer valuable insights into biodiversity preservation and ecosystem management.

    The Economic Dimensions of Climate Change

    The Cost of Inaction: The economic implications of climate change are staggering. According to the Global Commission on Adaptation, failing to act could cost the global economy up to $23 trillion by 2050. Extreme weather events, health impacts, and biodiversity loss contribute to these costs, straining public resources and affecting livelihoods.

    Green Economy Transition: Conversely, the transition to a green economy presents significant opportunities. Investment in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and green infrastructure can create millions of jobs and stimulate economic growth. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that the renewable energy sector alone could employ over 24 million people by 2030. Countries that embrace sustainable practices are likely to become more resilient to climate impacts, reducing their vulnerability to economic shocks. For instance, the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is not only crucial for reducing emissions but also presents a growing market, with projections indicating that the EV market could be worth $800 billion by 2027.

    Conclusion: A Call to Action: As we reflect on global experiences with climate change, it is evident that the challenges are immense, but so are the opportunities. The need for immediate and collective action has never been more critical. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to implement solutions that mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to its inevitable impacts. The time for dialogue and deliberation has passed; we must act decisively. This is not just about saving the planet for future generations; it is about ensuring a sustainable and equitable future for all. The choices we make today will shape the world of tomorrow. Let us choose wisely, with urgency, and in solidarity. This extensive article provides a broad overview of climate change, its impacts, and the global response, emphasizing the importance of collective action and innovative solutions. Each section highlights the urgency of addressing this global challenge while showcasing the resilience and creativity of communities and nations worldwide.

    • Dr. Adebayo Matthew, Adeleye (Ph.D., Ibadan) Researcher on Environmental Pollution and Control badeleye@gmail.com  +234 803 525 6450
  • Fall of Putin’s global empire: Russia’s waning influence

    Fall of Putin’s global empire: Russia’s waning influence

    • By Jonathan Sweet and Mark Toth

    Don’t look now but Russian President Vladimir Putin’s would-be global empire is getting smaller by the month. And 2025 is likely to be even more perilous for the dictator and Russian prestige around the world.

    Since the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria, the hollowed-out remains of the Russian military are struggling to project influence throughout the Middle East, North Africa, the Sahel region of West Africa, and Sudan.

    The resulting strategic losses of the Russian naval facility in Tartus, on the Mediterranean coast, and Khmeimim Air Base located southeast of the city of Latakia are severely disrupting Moscow’s logistics and military supply chain to Africa.

    Once used to keep the al-Assad regime in power, their loss is proving to be a major embarrassment to Russian prestige.

    So, too, the sanctuary once afforded by al-Assad to conduct planning, training, transit of weapons and ammunition from Iran and Russia has now been denied now by the Islamist militant group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).

    Other key Russian allies in the Mideast are taking hits too. Iran and its Hamas and Hezbollah proxies are being systematically decimated by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) of Iran has proven to be no match to Israel’s intelligence community including Aman (military), Mossad (overseas) and Shin Bet (internal security).

    Intended by the Kremlin to sow conflict and instability throughout the Middle East, Iran and its hapless proxies have now become a liability to Putin’s machinations to recreate a Peter the Great-like Russian empire.

    All of this is the result of Putin’s ill-fated decision to support what was an IRGC-directed terrorist attack by Hamas against Israel on Oct. 7, 2023. That decision runs second only to Putin’s decision to launch a “special military operation” into Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022.

    Yet Putin’s walls, as John Cougar Mellencamp once sang, are “tumblin’ down” elsewhere in his would-be empire as well.

    Alongside Africa and the Middle East, Russian influence is also rapidly failing in the Black Sea region – and most significantly amongst members of the Kremlin-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).

    The latest examples of Putin’s waning influence came from Sudan and Libya last week. According to a report in The Moscow Times on Dec. 18, Sudan rejected a Russian request to construct a naval base on the Red Sea coast in Port Sudan. That was followed by Libyan Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh’s announcement that he would “resist any efforts by Russia to strengthen its military presence in the country.”

    Read Also: Syria shows that Putin is in deep, worldwide trouble

    As Russia pulls its forces and equipment out of Syria, the Kremlin has nowhere to reposition them in the Mediterranean or Red Sea. To compound Moscow’s growing problem, the Russian Foreign Ministry reported that the Russian-flagged Ursa Major sank south of Spain after a blast occurred in its engine room.

    The ship is the flagship vessel owned by Oboronlogistika, “a shipping company that moves cargo for Russia’s Defense Ministry.” According to the Ukrainian military’s Main Intelligence Directorate (HUR), the vessel was sailing to Syria to move Russian weapons and equipment out of the country.

    But with one slight turn of the kaleidoscope in Russia – as we have witnessed in the Middle East – change can occur, quickly.

    Putin’s empire is also beginning to implode from within. Earlier this month we noted that during Putin’s visit to Astana, Kazakhstan to attend the CSTO summit, he referred to Kazakhstan as a “Russian-speaking country.”

    But when Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev addressed the summit audience, he did so in his native Kazakh. Anton Gerashchenko, a former key counselor to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, characterized the clash as “trolling at a prohibitive level.”

    Kazakhstan is the second CSTO country to publicly snub Russia. In July, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan confirmed that Armenia plans to withdraw from the treaty.

    Eastern Europe is arguably setting up to be the European Union (EU) Winner of 2025. Much to the chagrin of Moscow, Moldova is firmly on the pathway for admission into the EU.

    But with one slight turn of the kaleidoscope in Russia – as we have witnessed in the Middle East – change can occur, quickly.

    Russian-backed governments of Serbia and Georgia could be next. Belgrade was awarded EU candidate status in 2012; Tbilisi in 2023.

    Russia’s longtime Balkan ally Serbia is feeling the pressure to integrate into the EU as well. Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić – who is facing accusations of curbing democratic freedoms rather than advancing them – has accused foreign intelligence services of trying to unseat him in the wake of spreading protests and says he will not flee the country like recently ousted Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad.

    Although not related, on Dec. 22 tens of thousands of Serbians assembled in Belgrade’s Slavija Square for a rally against Vučić and his government. The protest was in response to a collapsed canopy at a railway station in the country’s north that killed 15. However, the Vučić-led government is concerned large protests like this one could easily escalate.

    Georgian citizens are still incensed over the October election results. Georgia President Salome Zourabichvili maintains the election was stolen as part of a “Russian special operation.” Meanwhile, violent clashes continue in the capital city of Tbilisi between police and protesters infuriated about Georgian Dream Party Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze’s decision to put talks on joining the EU on hold.

    Then there is Belarus. President Alexander Lukashenko is beholden to Putin, who essentially secured his sixth presidential term in 2020. In return, Lukashenko allowed Putin to stage military forces and invade Ukraine from within the borders of Belarus.

    Earlier this month, to ensure Lukashenko’s survival from perceived external threats – namely Poland – the Belarusian dictator signed a treaty with Putin providing security guarantees that included the possible use of nuclear weapons to forebode any foreign aggression. Belarus now “hosts dozens of Russian [tactical] nuclear weapons and will prepare facilities for the planned deployment of Moscow’s newest hypersonic ballistic missile [Oreshnik].”

    But it is the internal threat that is most likely to unseat Lukashenko. Belarusian opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, currently living in exile in Lithuania, once described living conditions in Belarus as the equivalent of “living in a Gulag – an atmosphere of tyranny and terror and repression.”

    She has been adamant in her pursuit to bring Belarus into the European family of nations: “Belarus’ place in the European family is not just a dream; it’s a destiny that we, as a nation, are committed to achieving. We seek to join the rest of Europe as a full-fledged democracy, embodying the European values of freedom, equality, and fraternity.”

    Elections are scheduled in Belarus for Jan. 26 with Lukashenko running for his seventh term in office. Tsikhanouskaya is counting on a strong turnout to unseat the him, and the same level of enthusiasm that brought tens of thousands of protesters out into the streets of Minsk carrying banners mocking the Lukashenko and chanting “Go away!”

    Yet free and fair elections in Russian-dominated countries are highly unlikely. Payoffs, ballot box stuffing, arrests, and physical intimidation are the standard. Look no further than recent elections in Moldova, Georgia, and Venezuela.

    Belarus will be no exception. The outcome is practically assured, and as Belarusian political analyst Valery Karbalevich stated: “There won’t be mass protests in freezing January.”

    But with one slight turn of the kaleidoscope in Russia – as we have witnessed in the Middle East – change can occur, quickly. Momentum can be dangerous. Consider the rapid fall of Romanian Dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu. He and his wife Elena were executed by firing squad 35 years ago on Christmas Day after a summary trial.

    Putin best keep Beijing on speed dial. He may soon need to trade his dacha near Moscow for a Siheyuan in China.

    •        This article was first published in www.kyivpost.com
  • 2025: Prayers, hopes and dreams

    2025: Prayers, hopes and dreams

    At last, we survived the Year 2024! For that, we give thanks to God! Not unexpectedly, the Year 2024 was marked by complexities and contradictions. On the one hand, social movements and activism gained momentum, shedding light on the shape and size of pressing issues like inequality and climate change. On the other hand, systemic inequalities persisted, and globalization disrupted traditional structures, fuelling the hustle and bustle of uncertainty and insecurity. The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions, including conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East and elsewhere, further underscored the challenges of our interconnected world. Reflecting on 2024, we’re reminded that social reality is a complex and ever-changing phenomenon, which requires careful thought and attention.

    As the world enters 2025, the initial excitement of new beginnings gives way to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead. In Nigeria, a stark paradox exists: despite vast natural resources, the country struggles to provide basic necessities for its citizens. Unless we are also sugarcoating the facts, the gown is threatened and the town is unsmiling! These harsh realities have stifled national potential, with underlying issues, including a flawed political system and unresponsive elite, giving rise to groups focused on basic survival needs. Added to these is the absence of the barometer for a clear public awareness, which enables those in power to exploit the system without accountability.

    As the world bids farewell to 2024, Nigerians and global citizens greet 2025 with a mix of optimism and trepidation. The New Year unfolds like a blank canvas, full of possibilities. It’s a chance to learn from past lessons and forge a new path. As we travel through the complexities of our global community, we recognize the profound impact of our collective choices. We confess that ignorance, false confidence, fake narratives and unattainable promises have robbed us of the benefits of our prayers. We also confess that Nigeria’s economy is struggling, with basic needs becoming unaffordable, and tribalism hindering its progress. Besides, the hymns of loot recovery ring hollow without the accompanying stanzas of responsible use.

    To this end, we ask You, God, to give us the power to create a better future for Nigeria, free from negative influences that have held us back. Guide our leaders to rule justly, empower them to positively impact others, and bring Nigeria out of the current siege that strangles its potential. Eternal Rock of Ages, protect our land from the briers and scorpions – corrupt leaders and wicked individuals – who have turned Nigeria into a darkroom where negatives are developed.

    As Nigeria faces banditry, kidnapping and ritual killings, due to inadequate security, teach us to take collective responsibility and work together to find solutions. Help us transcend ethnic and primordial divisions so that Nigerians can work together towards a safer, more secure future. Let those who threaten our country bid farewell to their weapons or get buried with their weapons and let there be no more threats against the land. Since no one pursues the shadow and catches up with it, let those pursuing us fall in their thousands at our right hand and tens of thousands at our left.

    As Your Word reminds us, it’s the Church’s duty to care for the vulnerable, including widows, prisoners and the destitute. Almighty God, You are the Self-Existing, Without Origin! You are also the Omnipotent, the Omniscient and the Omnipresent! Grant our leaders wisdom to champion the rights of the marginalized, ensuring justice is served, particularly for those unjustly imprisoned. Let them expedite trial reviews, uphold timely justice and bring hope to the overlooked. Yahweh Elohim, grant them wisdom to recognize that true revolution comes from ordinary people seeking change, not the struggles of the political elite. Teach them to approach You with humility and make amends for past wrongs.

    The God of all flesh, it won’t be sweet enough if we are listening to others’ stories without others listening to ours. O God, the One who answers prayers, use our lives as proof of Your power this year. You are the God of generational covenant, the One who is also The Beginning and The End! In Your mercy, replace our shame with a double portion of blessings in all we do this year. Help us to overcome the flesh and forgive those who might have wronged us. You, who know our limitations, send our destiny helpers to us, and when they come, do not let them miss us!

    As Nigerians navigate various challenges, it’s crucial to recognize that adversity is a natural part of life. However, our collective future depends on how we respond to these challenges. Dear God, teach us to approach our struggles with resilience and determination and grant us the power to harness our collective potential and work together towards a brighter future. In a world plagued by greed, gluttony and a noxious lack of empathy, inspire our leaders with unwavering dedication to prioritize elevating societal values over accumulating wealth.

    Like Adam and Eve, who used leaves to cover their nakedness, Nigerians have resorted to makeshift solutions to address our nation’s pressing challenges. But, O Merciful Father, wherever we have been naked, we do not ask for leaves but Your supernatural and unmerited favour. Make us move beyond temporary fixes and seek more lasting solutions to our problems. Let Your angels that control human affairs cover our nakedness and let there be a physical manifestation of our victory.

    The Holy One, nobody knows the name of Peninnah’s children but the Bible recorded Samuel, the great prophet, as Hannah’s first child. Jehovah Jireh, the Infinitely and Unchangingly True God, bring hope and transformation amidst challenges. By the reason of Your covenant, help us emulate Joseph’s vision and perseverance, which led to his success in Egypt. Just as the prophets of Baal were brought down, disgrace and shame those who seek to destroy our country for their own gain. Grant us the courage to transcend our own limitations and let Your divine power course through us, revitalize our spirits and empower us to walk in the fullness of our potential.

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    Lord, we reflect on the lives of biblical giants: Methuselah, who lived 969 years; King David, who despite living only 70 years, became a pivotal figure in Jewish history; Moses and Joshua, who lived 120 and 110 years, respectively, leaving lasting impacts; and John the Baptist and Stephen, who, despite living only 30 years each, continue to inspire generations. Dear Heavenly Father, as we reflect on the lives of these biblical giants, grant us wisdom to make the most of the time You’ve given us, and help us to prioritize what truly matters and to fulfill the purpose You’ve ordained for us.

    Lastly, Lord, Nigeria’s 2024 Tax Reform Bills have ignited a heated debate, with supporters promising economic growth and reduced taxes for low-income earners, but critics warning of increased poverty. As we enter 2025, we recognize that You, our God, are a Specialist in possibilities. Give our leaders wisdom to work towards a brighter future for Nigeria. Guide them to make decisions that promote economic prosperity, equality, and justice for all Nigerians. Bless the antagonists of the Bills! Soften their hearts and grant them wisdom to see the benefits, that they may work towards the betterment of Nigeria and its people.

    May this year bring breakthroughs, even for those who feel barren and hopeless, just as Hannah received her miracle, Samuel!

    May the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world, grant us peace in Nigeria!