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  • PDP: From bloom to gloom

    PDP: From bloom to gloom

    Ray Ekpu

    In 1998 when the military government in Nigeria led by General Abdulsalami Abubakar decided to hand over power to an elected government, Nigerians were happy. The military had been around for too long and Nigerians were anxious to see the back of their khaki uniform. After the crisis that accompanied the annulment of the June 12, 1993 election, it was obvious that the military was ready to make amends. General Abubakar released Olusegun Obasanjo and other persons wrongfully kept in prison.

    The military big guys thought that the easiest way to pacify the South West zone on the annulment of the election that MKO Abiola won was to ensure that the presidential election would be zoned to the South West zone. That is how the two presidential candidates that emerged came from the South West zone: Olusegun Obasanjo of the PDP and Olu Falae of the APP. The two parties were put together in a hurry because Abubakar, a decent man, said he was not ready to tempt fate by prolonging his stay in office beyond 11 months. He kept his word.

    In the presidential election, Obasanjo and Atiku Abubakar contested on the platform of the PDP while Olu Falae and Umaru Shinkafi contested on the APP platform. The PDP got 22 states in the gubernatorial race while the APP got eight governors. In the presidential election, Obasanjo won in 27 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

    In the 2003 presidential election, Obasanjo won again this time with 28 governors in the party’s pocket. This was an indication that a political behemoth had arrived. In the 2007 and 2011 elections, the story was the same, victory for the ruling party. But success always comes with its own problems. The party had its own share of turmoil and there was an attempt to impeach President Obasanjo but he survived it. With four consecutive victories, the PDP thought it was home and dry and that all future elections will just be a stroll in the park. One of its leaders thought that those victories had given him bragging rights. He told Nigerians that the PDP would rule Nigeria for 60 years. His boastful prediction was fake. Sixty years turned out to be 16 years.

    In 2015, the PDP was trounced by a new party cobbled together by Bola Tinubu from three minor parties from which the APC emerged. The presidential candidate of the APC was Muhammadu Buhari, a man who had failed to win in three previous elections. Four become his lucky number.

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    The death of President Musa Yar’Adua in 2010 had shaken the party almost to its foundation because political hustlers had sought to gain political capital from his illness. They prevented Dr Goodluck Jonathan who was the Vice President from acting as President. The National Assembly had to invent a formula called the “Doctrine of Necessity” to make it possible for Jonathan to act. That death also compounded the problem of rotation of the presidency between north and south. The party which had been a major proponent of rotation as a formula for national unity and stability was in distress as Jonathan wanted to run again in 2015. The north was unhappy that power did not return to its territory.

     In the 2015 election, the cry was Sai Baba. Buhari won. Jonathan surrendered by congratulating his opponent, something that had never happened in Nigerian politics. That singular act of courage by Jonathan has elevated him to the sky in the eyes of decent people. But the PDP, hitherto a ruling party, became an opposition party, struggling to breathe properly.

    Since it assumed that status, its flanks have been exposed. It is now seen as a party that was simply a gathering of birds of different colours, power brokers and power seekers, money bags and wannabe money bags, an alliance of “choppers” and would be “choppers.” It had an ideological deficit and no concrete developmental direction that could attract, and keep, new members of quality or conviction. It came to be seen largely as a party that was founded and sustained by the thirst, and greed, for stomach infrastructure.

    The quest for office was the main event. This led to an amazing struggle within the party and piles and piles of court cases that have destabilised the party. Various factions emerged, some of them openly supporting opposing parties and telling their party to go to hell. These deviants and rebels literally got away with murder.

    The party has failed or refused to discipline them because weakness is its middle name. This weakness is brought about by the greed for power, in violation of the principle of rotation which was the bedrock of the party in the past. It is also what has given the rebels the strength to rebel and to damn the consequences.

     So far, there are no consequences; so, the rebellion has taken hold of the party’s body and soul. And now it is losing some of its governors to the ruling APC. Last week, the Governor of Delta State, Mr Sheriff Oborevwori, and his predecessor, Dr Ifeanyi Okowa, and all the local government chairmen in the state walked en masse into the APC. There are whispers that some other PDP governors may join the defection train.

    Last week, the Governor of Akwa Ibom State, Dr Umo Eno, said that the PDP, his party, is like a plane that cannot fly. Some analysts think that the statement is an indication that he does not want to fly in an aircraft that is not airworthy. An aircraft that is not airworthy cannot fly. If it flies it may have a crash or at best it may crash-land. Will Governor Umo Eno leave his party for the ruling party which has an airworthy aircraft? Time will tell.

    In Nigeria, people defect from one party to another for various reasons. Some defect because their party is not winning and no one wants to be a loser. Losing is depressing. Some cross the carpet for the purpose of getting some stomach infrastructure. When this is the case, the crosscarpeter often moves from a party that is not in a position to give him stomach infrastructure to a party that can. This movement is usually from the non-performing party to the ruling party, either in the state or the centre.

    A leader of the ruling APC had said some time ago that people who are sinners are free to move to his party and they will receive pardon and their sins will be forgiven. That statement is tempting for any sinner. Some sinners have done so already. Some defectors would want to be protected by federal might or may seek to get some goodies from the Federal Government which they would otherwise not get if they stayed where they are. This is advanced-level stomach infrastructure.

    The other truth about defection in Nigeria is that it is not ideological since there is no visible, noticeable, difference between the parties. Party A is a Xerox copy of party B.

    However, the fear of Nigeria becoming a one-party country is unfounded because the country is too polarised, too variegated for people to stay in one tent, no matter how alluring. People will still love to be seen as founders and chieftains of some parties, no matter how rickety they are. I assure you that we can’t be a one-party country.

  • Clarifying Ekiti’s debt profile

    Clarifying Ekiti’s debt profile

    By Idowu Ephraim Faleye

    In recent times, certain opposition elements in Ekiti State have taken it upon themselves to distort facts and spread unfounded claims about the state’s debt profile, all in a bid to undermine the credibility of the current administration. These individuals are not acting out of a sincere desire for accountability or development; they are motivated by their inordinate ambitions to seize political power by any means necessary.

    Their strategy is simple—paint a grim picture of the state’s finances to discredit the governor and create a false narrative that the state is drowning in debt. However, facts are sacred, and when properly examined, the data tells a very different story, one of prudence, careful financial management, and a well-thought-out debt strategy that contrasts sharply with what these detractors would have the public believe.

    A comprehensive look at the debt profiles of all Nigerian states reveals that Ekiti ranks among the lowest borrowers nationwide. While some states have borrowed aggressively, perhaps to justify their large populations, Ekiti has maintained a conservative stance. For instance, Lagos State, Nigeria’s commercial nerve center, tops the debt chart with a staggering loan figure close to N1trillion. This level of borrowing may not come as a surprise given the state’s economic vibrancy and its continuous investment in infrastructure, transportation, and urban development.

    Delta, Ogun, Rivers, and Cross River states also feature prominently among Nigeria’s top five borrowers, with debts ranging from around N300billion to N500billion. These states have larger revenue bases and possibly more aggressive spending strategies, but their loan profiles come with their own risks, especially in uncertain economic times.

    In comparison, Ekiti’s total debt is significantly lower, a fact that clearly indicates a different fiscal philosophy. The state government has not indulged in reckless borrowing nor has it been enticed by flashy loans that offer quick liquidity at long-term costs. This level of discipline is not accidental. It reflects a deliberate choice to maintain financial stability while exploring meaningful development partnerships. For critics to overlook this and instead push a narrative of fiscal recklessness is not only dishonest but harmful to the collective progress of the state.

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    Delving deeper into the structure of Ekiti’s debt provides even more clarity. The state’s debt is broadly classified into three categories: bilateral loans, commercial loans, and multilateral loans. Interestingly, bilateral loans constitute 44.87 percent of the total debt. These loans are typically sourced from other governments or development agencies of specific countries. They are usually tied to development initiatives such as agriculture, healthcare, and education. In this context, the state’s choice to access bilateral loans speaks to its interest in long-term growth partnerships and its alignment with international development goals.

    Commercial loans are generally sourced from private financial institutions and commercial banks. These loans are easier to access and can provide quick funding for projects. They often carry higher interest rates and shorter repayment periods. This makes them riskier if not properly managed. However, their inclusion in Ekiti’s debt mix reflects the state’s readiness to complement long-term development loans with short-term financing to meet pressing needs. The key, of course, lies in managing these loans prudently to ensure they do not spiral into a debt crisis.

    The smallest portion of Ekiti’s debt—just 10.26 percent—comes from multilateral loans. These are sourced from global institutions like the World Bank and the African Development Bank. They are known for their concessional terms, including low interest rates and extended repayment periods. While they may involve rigorous application processes and performance monitoring, they are generally the most favorable types of debt for states with limited revenue. The relatively low share of multilateral loans in Ekiti’s debt portfolio suggests there is room to increase this segment.

    It’s important to understand that having debt, in itself, is not a sign of financial mismanagement. In modern public finance, debt is a tool. When used wisely, it enables governments to undertake critical projects that they would otherwise be unable to finance from internally generated revenue or federal allocations. The question is not whether a state has debt, but whether it is borrowing wisely, whether the debt is sustainable, and whether the funds are being used effectively. In Ekiti’s case, all indicators point to a cautious and calculated borrowing strategy. The low debt burden ensures that the state is not overleveraged. This means that even with its current obligations, the state retains enough fiscal space to borrow in the future should the need arise.

    Ekiti’s current debt position provides a unique opportunity. With such a low loan burden compared to other states, the government has the flexibility to engage in strategic borrowing without risking its financial health.  When loans are linked to measurable outcomes and their benefits are visible to the public, they become an asset rather than a liability.

    Still, no debt strategy can be complete without acknowledging the political dimension. Critics will always find something to say, especially when they lack access to accurate data or choose to ignore it. But for the average citizen, what matters most is not the size of the debt but the impact of government policies on their daily lives. Are roads being constructed? Are schools functioning well? Is healthcare accessible? Are jobs being created? These are the metrics that truly matter. And if loans are helping to achieve these goals, then the government should not be vilified for borrowing. Instead, it should be applauded for using all available tools to improve the welfare of its people.

    Unfortunately, some voices continue to twist facts to score political points. These individuals are not just attacking a debt figure; they are attacking progress, development, and the hope of the people. But the people of Ekiti are wiser. They know the difference between propaganda and truth. They see the projects being executed. They feel the impact of responsible governance in their communities. And they understand that the development path is not paved with empty promises but with concrete actions—actions that sometimes require borrowing, but always with a clear plan for repayment and a vision for the future.

    In closing, it is essential to speak directly to the people of Ekiti. You deserve leaders who tell you the truth, who plan for the future, and who manage your commonwealth with care. The narrative being pushed by those who wish to return to the days of waste and impunity is not just misleading—it is dangerous. Let us not allow falsehood to derail the progress we are making. Let us demand transparency, yes, but let us also be fair in our judgment. Ekiti’s debt is not a burden; it is a tool—one that, if handled with vision and discipline, can be the foundation for a brighter tomorrow. And in this moment of critical decision-making, may truth and progress triumph over selfish ambition and deceit.

    •Faleye – ephraimhill01@gmail.com

  • Tale of Seyi Tinubu, NANS, and Isa Atiku Abubakar

    Tale of Seyi Tinubu, NANS, and Isa Atiku Abubakar

    By Arabinrin Aderonke 

    Seyi Tinubu is a young Nigerian who has earned a reputation for his commitment to helping others and empowering the youth. Those who know him will agree that he is a quiet and reserved person, often going out of his way to uplift others while avoiding unnecessary publicity and attention. 

    Despite being the son of the president, Seyi doesn’t fit the stereotype of someone who might use their position for personal gains. In fact, it is quite the opposite. His focus has always been on meaningful contributions to Nigeria, especially the youth. 

    Through his work, he has provided scholarships, mentorship, and resources to countless Nigerians, and even recently he donated the sum of 500 million Naira to victims of the Maiduguri flood which ravaged 70 percent of the city and displaced millions of residents. 

    It’s quite laughable to see some of the things flying around online. The allegations pushed by Comrade Isa Atiku Abubakar, a factional NANS President who never contested for any elective position are not only false but completely out of touch with the character of the person he’s accusing.

    They don’t make sense by any standard, and quite frankly, it’s disappointing to watch such desperate attempts at dragging someone who has done nothing but support young people.

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    Leadership has changed hands at the National Association of Nigerian Students. The election was conclusive. The process was public. Elected officials were sworn in, and the event drew the presence of governors, ministers, and respected personalities. 

    Nineteen new executives, led by Comrade Olushola Oladoja of the University of Jos, now carry the responsibility of representing millions of Nigerian students across the country.

    Shortly after the elections, Isah Atiku posted pictures of his bruised body online and claimed he was attacked. Then he took it further by accusing Seyi Tinubu of plotting to assassinate him. Two days later, he changed the story again, this time saying he was kidnapped, offered a bribe, and beaten when he refused. Seyi Tinubu responded by making it clear he does not know Isah Atiku and has never met him. 

    What we are seeing looks like a badly planned attempt to tarnish someone’s name. Anyone who knows Seyi understands that he avoids drama. Unfortunately, people sometimes mistake kindness for weakness and try to exploit it for personal gain.

    The National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS) has long been a voice for students in Nigeria, advocating for their rights and working to improve their educational and social conditions. With the election of new executives, NANS now has a role to play in shaping the future of Nigerian students. 

    However, the leadership process has faced challenges, and it is necessary to address any attempts to undermine it with false claims.

    After elections, it is common for those who didn’t win to form their groups and challenge the results. This has become a familiar pattern. But we must ask, could this be another attempt to create chaos or push personal agendas? Are some people willing to take this route just to gain power or influence? Is this what happens when parties form their groups to exploit the system for personal gain?

    This issue must be addressed immediately. If we allow these distractions to continue, how can we focus on what truly matters, the future, and the well-being of Nigerian students? The youth are both the present and future of Nigeria. 

    Despite facing false accusations, Seyi Tinubu was not involved in any violence during the NANS inauguration. The event was peaceful with no disturbances. Let’s stay focused on the best interests of Nigerian students. Isah Atiku must stop spreading these fabricated lies. 

    Seyi Tinubu has made his position known. He is not involved, and he will not be dragged into a matter that does not concern him. Truthfully, the public can see through the performance.

    It is time to focus on what matters. The baton has passed. Let the new leaders serve.

    Arabinrin Aderonke Atoyebi is an award-winning investigative journalist, policy analyst, and good governance advocate. He writes from Abuja

  • CREDICORP’s PowerHer774 revolution

    CREDICORP’s PowerHer774 revolution

    By Jill Okeke

    When the sun sets on a rural village or an urban neighbourhood, darkness falls not just on homes, but on dreams and livelihoods. For countless Nigerian women—caretakers of households, small-scale entrepreneurs, and stewards of their families’ well-being—a single blackout can mean lost income, frustrated children unable to study, and the endless cost of kerosene lamps.

    However, a quiet revolution is under way with the Nigerian Consumer Credit Corporation’s  (CREDICORP) solar power backed by consumer credit, unlocking new possibilities for women across Nigeria.

    Meet Amina, a mother of five in a remote community outside Kano. Before, she scraped together pennies each evening to buy kerosene, just to keep the lamps burning until her children finished their homework. Today, with a few naira-a-day repayment plan on a solar home system from CREDICORP’s CALM Fund (Credit Access for Light and Mobility), she powers LED bulbs and a small fan. Her children read under bright light; their eyes no longer clouded by soot. Amina’s daughter now tops her class.

    In bustling Lagos markets and dusty village squares alike, other credit-backed women like Amina have found new revenue streams: charging neighbours’ phones for a token fee, running cold-drink stands from solar-cooled fridges, or styling hair under reliable light. These microenterprises don’t just feed families, they anchor entire communities.

    Women represent over 70 percent of Nigeria’s microentrepreneurs. They run catering stalls, hair salons, sewing workshops, and food carts—ventures that require reliable power. Yet high up-front costs and banks’ reluctance to lend leave most with candles and kerosene. Energy poverty punishes the poor disproportionately. According to the World Bank, nearly 65 million Nigerians still lack reliable electricity; women bear the brunt as unpaid household managers and earners.

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    Consumer credit changes that. By treating solar home systems as accessible products, not distant aspirations, CREDICORP’s CALM Fund bridges the gap between promise and purchase. A N20,000 solar kit becomes a few small installments, unlocking 20–50 minutes a day of power, multiplied across bulbs, fans, and charging ports. That incremental light is transformational: homework completed, shops open after sunset, medicines refrigerated safely.

    Building on this momentum, the Ministry of Women Affairs and CREDICORP have launched PowerHer 774, an ambitious drive to empower three million women across Nigeria’s 774 local government areas. Last week’s handover in Abuja—200 women receiving solar systems at zero upfront cost—is only the beginning. Each beneficiary accesses a tailored consumer loan, repaid over 6–18 months, with products supplied and installed by local partners.

    CREDICORP’s Managing Director Uzoma Nwagba puts it plainly: “We began by financing vehicles so people could move. Now we finance light through women, so households can learn, earn, and breathe clean air. Consumer credit is the tool that turns necessity into opportunity and enables people to live better now.”

    The statistics are stark. Nigeria’s consumer credit market is just 3 percent of its GDP, compared to over 50 percent in peer economies. That leaves a N140trillion gap in credit needed for everyday life-enhancing goods: energy, mobility, education, home upgrades. Credit is itself a market-creating innovation. When women gain access to a solar kit on credit, they don’t just buy bulbs—they build businesses, establish credit histories, and attract brand-new supply chains. As markets grow, infrastructure follows: more technicians are trained, retail outlets spring up, policy frameworks evolve.

    Yet challenges persist. High interest rates, limited last-mile distribution, and scant consumer education can stall even the best-intentioned programmes. CREDICORP’s CALM Fund has made a start—but must scale faster, with deeper partnerships across fintechs, cooperatives, and microfinance networks. Could repayment tenors stretch to 24 months to ease cash-flow strains? Might mobile-money integration cut transaction costs, if the regulator makes that process seamless? These are the questions we must ask.

    President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda rightly spotlights energy security and women’s empowerment. CREDICORP’s role in operationalising these goals through the C.A.L.M. Fund and PowerHer 774 is a powerful example of policy meeting practice. Yet the scale of need—65 million underserved citizens—means we cannot rest on today’s achievements.

    We welcome the President’s initiative, even as we challenge CREDICORP and its stakeholders to go further: to expand credit lines, deepen rural outreach, and refine risk assessments that favour low-income, high-potential women. Success will be measured not only in kilowatts installed but in the quiet hum of fans in a maiden’s tailoring studio, the glow of light under a student’s textbook, and the steady hum of commerce in once-dark markets.

    Energy poverty is a crisis, but also an opportunity to rewrite Nigeria’s story of growth and inclusion. Consumer credit especially when channelled through the resilience and ingenuity of our women is one of our most potent weapons. As PowerHer774 unfolds, we stand at a crossroads: sustain this momentum and watch villages and cities alike transform, or falter and let darkness creep back in.

    With informed partnerships, thoughtful policy tweaks, and unwavering commitment, we can ensure that every Nigerian woman, from Lokoja’s market stalls to Lagos’s high-rises, has the power to light her home, ignite her business, and illuminate her future. That is the promise of consumer credit, and that is the path to sustainable living for us all.

    •Okeke is a Lagos-based journalist

  • CBN’s strategic shift

    CBN’s strategic shift

    By Isah Aliyu Chiroma

    The Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) financial statements for the year 2024 have generated significant interest, not only among financial analysts and economists but also among regular citizens keen on understanding the country’s economic trajectory.

     These statements are marked by a striking commitment to economic stability, showcasing the effective implementation of sound policies and strategic financial management. With notable improvements in external reserves, asset quality, cost efficiency, and an overall robust bottom line, the CBN is steering the Nigerian economy toward a more stable and prosperous future.

    One of the key indicators of economic health is the status of a country’s external reserves. The CBN’s efforts in this area have shown remarkable results, with external reserves increasing from $36.6 billion in 2023 to $38.8 billion in 2024. This rise is not just a nominal improvement; it represents a critical shift in the confidence both locals and international investors have in Nigeria’s economic landscape. The growth in reserves can largely be attributed to improved inflows from several sources, including portfolio investors and diaspora remittances.

     Moreover, the Federal Government’s receipts have been positively impacted through enhanced collaboration with the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) as well as targeted diaspora engagement strategies. Such an increase in external reserves is vital for stabilising the Naira and meeting international obligations, providing a buffer against any economic shocks.

     The CBN’s commitment to ensuring stability in the external sector reflects its understanding of the interdependencies that exist within the global economy. As Nigeria faces myriad challenges, having a solid reserve bolsters macroeconomic confidence and sets the stage for sustainable growth.

    Perhaps one of the most astonishing transformations in the CBN’s recent financial history is the improvement in its bottom line. After dealing with a deficit position of N1.3trillion in 2023, the Bank rebounded dramatically to achieve a surplus of N165billion in 2024. This turnaround speaks volumes about the efficacy of the CBN’s financial management strategies, which emphasise both prudent expenditure management and strategic investment. The CBN’s ability to rein in expenses without sacrificing growth demonstrates a newfound agility in navigating fiscal challenges.

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    The improved bottom-line performance can be attributed to several factors, including effective expense containment measures. The CBN has made strategic moves that have not only curtailed unnecessary spending but also facilitated gains from investments and increased income from foreign exchange transactions. This financial agility is critical for fostering a sound economic environment, as it bolsters the CBN’s capacity to engage in further economic interventions that could stimulate broader growth across various sectors.

    In addition to improved financial outcomes, the CBN has also focused on reducing its loans and receivables. The reduction from N16.1trillion to N11.9trillion is significant and reflects a shift in strategy. This reduction primarily arises from significant recoveries from earlier intervention lending programmes coupled with a deliberate policy change. By stepping back from intervention lending, the Bank allows market mechanisms to dictate credit allocation, ultimately enhancing financial sector development.

    The CBN’s decision to pivot away from intervention lending is a forward-thinking move that underscores a broader strategy to promote a more robust financial market. Enabling market forces to play a larger role in credit allocation is essential not only for the economy’s efficiency but also for stimulating competition among financial institutions, which can lead to better rates and services for consumers. This shift also aligns with international best practices, including those recommended by global financial institutions, reinforcing the CBN’s commitment to modernising its operational principles.

    Cost efficiency has emerged as a critical area of focus for the CBN, with 2024 marking a year of significant advancements. The Bank’s operating expenses have been meticulously managed, showcasing a commitment to establishing a cost-conscious culture. Through strategic cost rationalisation initiatives, including the reduction of non-essential spending and streamlining operations across regional branches and departments, the CBN has succeeded in optimising its expenditure.

    Moreover, the successful implementation of Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICFR) has significantly enhanced the transparency and accountability within the institution. This enhancement is not merely about regulatory compliance; it reflects a broader commitment to institutional governance and internal risk controls. By aligning its practices with international best practices in central banking operations, the CBN fortifies its reputation and reassures stakeholders about its financial integrity and governance standards.

    As the Nigerian economy continues to navigate complex global challenges—from fluctuating oil prices to geopolitical tensions—the CBN’s proactive financial management offers a blueprint for resilience. The balance of effective policy making, adept financial stewardship, and a commitment to transparency positions the Bank favourably for future challenges.

    The successes observed in 2024 serve not merely as an endpoint but as a foundation for ongoing initiatives aimed at strengthening economic stability. The CBN’s initiatives highlight a commitment to ensuring that the institution remains responsive to emerging economic issues and resilient enough to absorb shocks. This strategic vision aims not only to stabilise the currency and manage reserves but also to foster an environment conducive to investment, innovation, and growth.

    The Central Bank of Nigeria’s 2024 financial performance is indeed a beacon of hope for economic stability in the nation. The Bank’s diligent focus on sound policy implementation, strategic financial management, and cost efficiency has yielded remarkable outcomes. The increase in external reserves, substantial improvement in the bottom line, significant reduction in loans and receivables, and enhanced internal controls are all indicative of effective management practices.

    As Nigeria grapples with its economic reality, these positive developments signal a proactive approach toward enduring stability. The CBN’s achievements during this period provide not only a cause for optimism but also a template for future actions. As the country looks ahead, the CBN’s 2024 financial performance presents a hopeful outlook, reinforcing the idea that through strong leadership and strategic vision, Nigeria can indeed overcome its challenges and pave the way for lasting economic prosperity.

    •Chiroma – aliyuisahchiroma29@gmail.com

  • Niger State and dreadlocks controversy

    Niger State and dreadlocks controversy

    By Kehinde Nubi

    The controversy surrounding the Niger State governor’s initial ban on dreadlocks illustrates how those in positions of power may disregard constitutional safeguards and act with impunity. Although Governor Mohammed Umaru Bago has since rescinded the directive following widespread public condemnation, the incident raises serious questions about the scope and limits of executive authority in Nigeria. This episode is not merely a one-off irrational policy misstep; it is a deliberate and dysfunctional abuse of power which exposes underlying governance attitudes and the fragility of fundamental rights in the country.

    Governor Bago’s original order was sweeping in nature. He instructed security agencies to arrest any individual found with dreadlocks, forcibly shave their hair, and impose fines. He linked the hairstyle to cult-related activities and insecurity in Minna, the state capital. This directive was part of a broader security crackdown that included restrictions on commercial motorcycles and threats to demolish houses alleged to harbour criminals. The governor declared “fire for fire” against perceived criminality and warned parents to caution their children accordingly.

    Public reaction was swift and overwhelmingly critical. The order was widely seen as dehumanising, discriminatory, lacking legal foundation, and violating fundamental human rights. Civil rights organisations, legal practitioners, and ordinary citizens condemned the directive, describing it as unconstitutional and a grave threat to civil liberties.

    The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) vests executive powers in the President and state governors, respectively. However, these powers are not unfettered. Section 5(1) provides that executive authority must be exercised in accordance with the Constitution and any law made by the National Assembly or State House of Assembly. Executive directives must therefore be grounded in express constitutional or statutory authority and must not exceed legal limits. For transparency and accountability, such directives must be formal, written, and published. Oral directives, especially those affecting fundamental rights, lack the requisite formality and are generally invalid.

    The Supreme Court has consistently held that executive actions without clear legal authority are ultra vires and unlawful. For example, in Attorney-General of the Federation v. Alhaji Bello Tukur (2010), the Court reaffirmed that executive powers must be exercised within constitutional bounds.

    Similarly, in Attorney-General of Abia State & Ors v. Attorney-General of the Federation (2003), the Court recognised the power of the executive to modify laws to conform with the Constitution but cautioned that such powers must not violate the doctrine of separation of powers or usurp legislative functions. Any executive action exceeding constitutional authority is invalid.

    The Niger State directive to arrest and forcibly shave individuals with dreadlocks is manifestly unconstitutional. It violates several fundamental rights guaranteed under the 1999 Constitution, including: Right to Dignity of the Person (Section 34): Forcibly shaving a person’s hair constitutes an affront to personal dignity and protection from inhuman or degrading treatment. Right to Personal Liberty (Section 35): Arbitrary arrest and detention based solely on hairstyle, absent reasonable suspicion of criminal offence, is unlawful. Right to Freedom from Discrimination (Section 42): Targeting persons with dreadlocks – often associated with particular cultural or religious identities – amounts to unconstitutional discrimination.

    A foundational principle of Nigerian criminal law is that no person may be convicted of an offence unless the offence and penalty are clearly defined by written law. This was established in Aoko v. Fagbemi (1961), where the Court held that acts not defined as offences in written law cannot be criminalised.

    Applying this principle, there is no law in Nigeria criminalising the wearing of dreadlocks. The attempt to arrest and punish individuals based on hairstyle is therefore without legal basis and ultra vires. The Nigeria Police Force has also clarified that wearing dreadlocks does not constitute an offence, further underscoring the illegality of the governor’s order.

    Profiling individuals solely based on hairstyle is arbitrary and discriminatory. It undermines constitutional protections and fosters suspicion and stigmatisation. The Nigerian Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, conscience, personal liberty, and protection from discrimination. Associating dreadlocks with criminality or cultism prejudges individuals without evidence, violating the presumption of innocence—a cornerstone of Nigerian criminal jurisprudence.

    Such profiling erodes the rule of law and opens the door to human rights abuses, encouraging law enforcement to target individuals based on appearance rather than conduct, increasing risks of harassment, unlawful detention, and abuse of power.

    It is gravely ironic that a heavily-bearded fellow is the one complaining about dreadlocks. Following intense public backlash, Governor Bago clarified that the crackdown was not against dreadlocks per se, but against criminals allegedly using the hairstyle as a disguise. He insisted law-abiding citizens were not under threat and that the policy targeted criminal elements only. While this clarification was fair, it was like locking the stable door after the horse has bolted as security agents may have already run to town with the initial directive.

    The clarification did not address the fundamental legal and ethical deficiencies of the initial directive. The fact that the order was issued at all – and that it took public outrage to prompt a retraction – speaks to a troubling disregard for constitutional norms and due process, reflecting a progressive culture of impunity foisted on Nigerians.

    The Niger State episode is emblematic of a broader trend of executive overreach in Nigeria, where governors and officials issue sweeping directives without regard for legal limits or individual rights. The Constitution requires all executive actions be anchored in law, subject to checks and balances, and respectful of fundamental rights.

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    When leaders act outside these boundaries, they undermine the rule of law and erode public trust in government. Security measures, no matter how well-intentioned, must be implemented within the ambit of the law and with due respect for individual freedoms. The judiciary, civil society, and citizens all have a role in defending constitutional norms and holding leaders accountable.

    The initial ban on dreadlocks by the Niger State governor was reckless, unwarranted, unnecessary, and unconstitutional. It lacked any statutory foundation, violated multiple provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, and was an affront to human dignity, liberty, and equality. The eventual retraction of the policy, while welcome, does not erase the legal and ethical failures it exposed, nor the impunity it represents.

    This episode should serve as a catalyst for a broader conversation on the limits of executive power, the importance of accountability and constitutional governance, and the need to protect the rights and dignity of all Nigerians, regardless of appearance, culture, or belief.

    •Nubi is a lawyer based in Lagos

  • Prestige, Impact: Why AMVCA is the people’s award show

    Prestige, Impact: Why AMVCA is the people’s award show

    • By Tutu Akanni

    As the 11th edition of the Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards (AMVCA) approaches, public attention, once again, has been drawn to MultiChoice’s consistent excellence and ability to deliver structure and spectacle, especially in contrast to the growing dissatisfaction with other industry award platforms.

    Just days after the 2025 edition of the Headies left fans and industry stakeholders disappointed, with confusion marking much of the night’s proceedings, a new conversation has taken over the Nigerian entertainment space. While the Headies stumbled through yet another year of technical lapses and disjointed programming, attention has swiftly shifted to a platform known for its meticulous execution: Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards (AMVCA), set to hold its 11th edition on 10th May.

    What is surprising is not just the public frustration with the Headies but the growing number of voices openly calling on MultiChoice Nigeria, the organisers of AMVCA, to take over the management of other awards, including the Headies. In an industry where spectacle often overshadows organisation, the AMVCA has built a reputation for doing things differently. And as many observed over the weekend, the gap in professionalism and prestige is no longer subtle; it’s glaring.

    Over the last decade, the AMVCA has grown into one of the continent’s most influential cultural events. Since its debut in 2013, it has not only celebrated African storytelling with consistency and class but has also contributed significantly to the Nigerian economy. In that time, MultiChoice Nigeria has invested over ¦ 9 billion directly in the production of the AMVCA, including awards, training, and talent development initiatives.

    More than 27,000 jobs have been created as a result of the event and its extended ecosystem, spanning event production, content creation, media, logistics, fashion, and hospitality. The awards have recognised over 300 exceptional

    talents across various categories, offering a platform that truly reflects the diversity and dynamism of the continent’s film and television space.

    Even more impressive is the over ¦ 623 billion

    channelled into the Nigerian film and television economy through MultiChoice’s broader investment in content and infrastructure, an economic impact that places AMVCA at the centre of Africa’s creative renaissance.

    The contrast between AMVCA and the recent Headies could not be more pronounced. While the

    former struggled to hold the audience’s attention and, in some cases, even manage the basic technical requirements of a live show, the AMVCA has built a legacy of excellence, year after year. From world-class stage design to tight production schedules, transparent nomination processes to glamorous red carpet experiences, every aspect of the AMVCA is marked by intention and execution.

    It’s no wonder that public sentiment is leaning heavily in favour of MultiChoice, with the public praising the structure and credibility AMVCA has consistently delivered.

    These are not random musings; they reflect a real hunger for higher standards in how we celebrate and elevate African talent.

    As the AMVCA returns, it is clear that it has become more than an award show. It is a cultural institution, a symbol of what is possible when investment, planning and passion come together to celebrate creativity. While other platforms grapple with inconsistency, the AMVCA continues to raise the bar, demonstrating that excellence is not accidental but built over time with vision and commitment.

    This year’s AMVCA introduces a significant innovation: the ‘Best Music Score’ category.

    While this might seem like a small change on paper, it’s a major shift in practice. This move addresses longstanding criticism of music’s critical role in film storytelling. By recognising composers and sound designers, the AMVCA acknowledges the intricate layers that music adds to cinematic narratives, enhancing emotional depth and audience engagement.

    The introduction of this category is more than a nod to musical contributors; it signifies

    the AMVCA’s commitment to evolving with the industry’s standard and recognizing all facets of film production. It’s a testament to the awards’ dedication to inclusivity and comprehensive recognition of talent.

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    Even this year’s nominee list reflects the same spirit of rebirth. While iconic names continue to appear, there’s a visible shift toward rising talents and first-time nominees. In categories like Best Lead Actress and Best Supporting

    Actor, younger stars like Gbubemi Ejeye and Darasimi Nnadi are taking centre stage. It’s a generational handover unfolding in real time, an intentional celebration of both legacy and new blood.

    Behind the scenes, the awards maintain their credibility with a top-tier jury led by FemiOdugbemi, a respected filmmaker and culture advocate, who serves as Head Judge.

    His decades-long dedication to African cinema adds weight and wisdom to the selection process. The jury includes a mix of professionals across directing, cinematography, writing, and production, ensuring that recognition goes to

    those who truly deserve it, with fairness and rigour.

    But beyond the glitz, what makes AMVCA such a powerful platform is the sense of purpose that

    drives it. It understands that African storytelling is not just about entertainment; it’s about identity, legacy, and pride. And it treats its

    audience with respect, understanding that credibility is built not just through

    applause but through consistency.

    In stark contrast, the recent shortcomings of other award platforms highlight the importance of structure and vision in executing events that honour artistic achievements, like the recent fallout from the most recent award ceremony.

    Viewers have called out the chaotic sequencing, last-minute venue changes, and awkward stage moments that plagued the event.

    In a time when many industries are re-evaluating what excellence looks like, the AMVCA stands as proof that African institutions can lead at a global standard. And it continues to grow, not by accident but by design.

    In the final analysis, the question may no longer be how to fix broken platforms but how to replicate what the AMVCA has done right. And if recent conversations are anything to go by, more and more people believe that the answer lies in letting those who understand structure, scale, and purpose lead the way.

    • Akanni, a culture enthusiast, writes from Lagos
  • In pursuit of transforming Nigeria’s green future

    In pursuit of transforming Nigeria’s green future

    By Oluwagbemiga Adeniyi

    In the story of nations, certain individuals emerge at pivotal moments—individuals whose vision, character, and actions permanently mark their people’s destiny. In Nigeria’s bold pursuit of a sustainable energy future, Engr. Michael Oluwagbemi stands as one such figure: a quiet force of innovation, leadership, and hope.

    Today, as the Programme Director and Chief Executive of the Presidential Compressed Natural Gas Initiative (PCNGI), Oluwagbemi is steering Nigeria’s transition towards cleaner, more affordable energy sources with a focus and determination that has captured national and international attention.

    A vision beyond ordinary

    Armed with a distinguished background in engineering, innovation management, and strategic project leadership,  Oluwagbemi brings more than technical expertise to the table—he brings vision. For him, the energy transition is not simply a policy directive; it is a personal mission to ensure that Nigeria’s future generations inherit a cleaner, more resilient, and economically vibrant nation.

    Under his stewardship, the PCNGI has evolved from a promising idea into a dynamic engine of change. Through strategic initiatives, infrastructural rollouts, stakeholder collaborations, and investment mobilization, the programme is delivering real results—lowering transportation costs, reducing carbon emissions, creating thousands of jobs, and opening up new industrial frontiers powered by Nigeria’s abundant natural gas resources.

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    Leading with excellence, integrity

    Those who have worked alongside  Oluwagbemi described him as a leader of rare discipline and uncommon humility. Tireless and detail-oriented, he is known for working late into the night, meticulously steering the implementation of the PCNGI’s objectives, always with one eye firmly fixed on the greater good of the nation.

    His leadership style reflects a unique blend of intellectual rigour, emotional intelligence, and patriotic commitment. In a sector often mired by inertia and challenges, Oluwagbemi stands out as a beacon of ethical leadership and results-driven action.

    It is no surprise that the success of the PCNGI is increasingly seen as a key pillar of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s broader economic and environmental agenda—an agenda focused on inclusive growth, energy security, and national renewal.

    Character Inspires a nation

    Beyond technical acumen and administrative prowess, it is  Oluwagbemi’s character that elevates him into a class of his own. Known for his humility, integrity, and deep sense of service, he represents a new breed of Nigerian leadership—one that does not seek the spotlight but whose impact speaks louder than words.

    In a world hungry for authentic leadership, he offers an inspiring reminder that true greatness lies not only in achievement but in purpose. His journey reflects the power of quiet determination—the idea that one committed individual can ignite the hopes of millions.

    Shaping history, inspiring future

    As Nigeria continues to chart its course toward energy sustainability and economic transformation,  Oluwagbemi’s contribution is nothing short of historic. His work is not just solving today’s challenges; it is laying the foundation for a future where Nigeria stands proudly among global leaders in clean energy innovation.

    History will remember Engr. Michael Oluwagbemi is more than a technocrat. It will remember him as a patriot, a visionary, and a builder of a new Nigeria—a Nigeria powered by ingenuity, driven by purpose, and led by men and women of unshakable character.

    At a time when the nation needed a guiding hand, he rose. And in doing so, he became not just a leader of an initiative, but a symbol of what Nigeria can—and will—become.

     • Adeniyi, a public affairs commentator, sent this piece from Abuja.

  • Lessons in Adewole’s life at 71

    Lessons in Adewole’s life at 71

    By Sunday Saanu

    Times and seasons usually present certain individuals to strategically impact their generation. They are not common. Their impact is legendary. They enjoy special grace of God. They probably exemplify the biblical promise of God that “I will show mercy to those I will be merciful”

    Former Health Minister, Prof. Issac Folorunso Adewole who turns 71 tomorrow, 5th May, 2025 could be said to be one of those who belong to this special class of the people being described above. Prof. Adewole, the 11th Vice Chancellor, University of Ibadan (UI) is one of the very few of whom it can be truly said that their lives have truly brought blessings to their generations

    This suave and iconic personality of all seasons, with a refreshing candour, left an indelible imprint on the administrative landscape as he demonstrated character, compassion, competence and courage at every position he ever occupied before he retired last year.

    It is worth restating that this retired professor of gynecology and obstetrics served humanity as Head of Department, Provost, College of Medicine, Vice Chancellor, University of Ibadan and Nigeria’s Minister of Health before his retirement, which is a transition into a well-deserved chapter of rest and reflection which he is currently savouring. He remains a one-time star surgeon whose oratory power and cadence are spellbound. His life’s work is conducted with the precision of a master composer, crafting distinct notes that blend together into an awe-inspiring melody.

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    Prof. Adewole represents the rare breed of men who combine intellectualism with deft political mastery and administrative prowess. Clearly, he is a man gifted with many capabilities: physical stamina, with a gait that is all his, superior mental acumen and spiritual alertness. Without exaggeration, he stands out among the outstanding, as his capacity remains consuming. Consequently, his journey has been a tapestry of achievements woven with dedication and wisdom.

    Meanwhile, when he was the UI Vice Chancellor between 2010 and 2015, I had a rare opportunity of working closely with him as his Media Assistant. In the course of our duties, we travelled extensively together within the country and outside Nigeria. There are many lessons I gleaned from the life of this great man of wits and wisdom which one can share with the public. After all, it is said that it is better to learn from the experiences of others so as to know how to order one’s steps

     The first lesson one grasps in the life of Prof, Adewole is the uniqueness and quality of his leadership. Prof. Adewole is a leader who rises by lifting others and creating a legacy of success together. To him, the essence of leadership transcends individual achievements. True leadership lies in the creation of strong and empowered ecosystem that possesses the capacity to guarantee unlocking people’s potential for greatness. He is a leader who gives people the tools and trust to achieve greatness

     For instance, we were together in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa when he told me that “SS, I know you are very hard working and you write well, just tell me anything you want that can facilitate your work, I will buy it for you”. And, in fulfillment of his promise, he bought me an iPad which I am still using till date. There was nothing  I ever requested,  which he didn’t grant. He promised that he would assist me to change my car. He did. When I was building my house, he gave me money. He extended the same kind gesture to almost everybody around him.

    As a leader, Prof. Adewole guides, supports and builds people. His is not about power, it is about empowering people. Little wonder he is still as relevant and popular as ever in UI today because of his own leadership style. He is given to unlocking the potential in others. He sent many people on training abroad.

    Closely related to his leadership style is his mentorship inclination. He is a man who raises other men, just as he is a mentor to many. He enhances the strength of his mentees, just as he manages their weakness. He guides with ease and counsels with empathy. He exudes decisiveness and firmness, yet never failing to maintain a friendly demeanor. Again, I remember when we were in Ethiopia, he saw me smiling with a lady. He later called me and said “SS, I saw you smiling with a lady. I hope you know their laws here concerning their women, if they catch you with their ladies, they will detain you here until you are able to fulfill all their requirements. We will leave you here until you fulfill all their conditions “. I laughed to no end.

    But on a more serious note, Prof. Adewole is a disciplined leader,  I never saw him with a strange woman throughout the five years we worked together. I was with him in his  hotel room when his wife called him in from Nigeria. I didn’t hear what madam was saying, but suddenly, my “Oga”snapped, “leave me this woman, I am not with a woman. Saanu is here with me, talk to him”. He handed over his mobile set to me and I greeted Madam to authenticate Oga’s claim. You can’t blame Madam, she was obviously protecting her territory.

    More remarkably is his peace-making attitude. I learn a lot of lessons in the life of Prof. Adewole in terms of making peace with people. He is indeed a true Christian who practises the creeds of his faith. I have seen him time without number, making frantic efforts to reconcile with those who may have fallen out with him. I have a number of instances to cite. But let me give an example . A contractor with UI had a misunderstanding with Prof. Adewole during his tenure. I was in that contractor’s house when Prof. Adewole called him. While the contractor was fuming,  I could hear Prof. Adewole’s placatory voice, pleading passionately for peace. I was humbled by his seeming condescending posture for peace.

    In his autobiography entitled “Uncommon Grace: The autobiography of Isaac Folorunso Adewole”, hear this amazing man at the last page of the book “I have deliberately toned down the language to describe some most annoying issues and backward-looking actions of some that I have had to work with. I have consciously avoided mentioning some names in some cases. This is not cowardice but to demonstrate the spirit of forgiveness and in anticipation that a positive change is possible” How else is a man of peace more known than by this kind of maturity and peaceful disposition?

    Another lesson I discern in the life of Prof. Adewole is his passion for friendship, collaboration and acquaintanceship. He has positively established himself in the minds of many people across the globe. He is ever faithful to friendship. He acknowledges little favour and thanks you almost perpetually. Nothing illustrates his richness in relationship better than the book of tributes edited by Adeyinka Aderinto et al on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Over 600 people contributed to the making of that book, cutting across the broad spectrum of life. Prof. Adewole maintains his friendship with his primary school mates, secondary school companions, university buddies, professional pals,  up to the Federal Ministry of Health- the last place he worked. I searched for that kind of book of tributes without respite.

    One can go on and on but for space constraint. The point should be well-made that Prof. Adewole is a man with a coat of many colours. He is an audacious person imbued with other sterling qualities such as hard work, relentlessness and integrity. He performs daring and difficult duties almost effortlessly. He unravels almost all the puzzles with ease. Unlike the youth of these days who believe so much in short-cuts, Prof. Adewole does his work with vigour and rigour, fighting his way to the top through the dint of hard work.

     His achievements are nothing short of remarkable footprints, just as people appreciate his innovative and tenacious thinking, twin-factors that helped him to achieve greatness. His unwavering commitment to upholding the principles of fairness and justice has earned him the respect and admiration of colleagues and adversaries alike.

    For me, what an immense pleasure and privilege it has been to have known and worked with him. I will remain ever so grateful for all he did for me till time indefinite. I will carry on the warmth of our memories. I wish him many more years of healthy and happy life. Congratulations sir. May God continue to keep you for us.

    • Saanu(08034073427) Ph.D in Cultural and Media Studies, is with the University of Ibadan Email-sundaysaanu@gmail.com

  • Zach Adedeji: Man in the mirror!

    Zach Adedeji: Man in the mirror!

    By Emmanuel Egboh

    Some illustration with motivational notes was recently shared on social media. It trended so well because of its inherent message – a powerful message at that. Source is though unknown, the message rankled forlorn hope and neutralised depression from failing faith.

    What’s the illustration about?

    A tattered-looking young boy standing in front of a full-length mirror saw a different person other than his real image. Staring at him in the mirror was a full-grown, smart, good-looking, and successful man.

    Sporting an expensive suit, with a nice pair of shoes and a briefcase in his hands as his dream reflection, he was yet, tattered, haggard and hungry in real life, but accompanied with a beautiful smile.

    Titled the power of vision, the illustration addressed the fact that the boy was not discouraged by his present situation, and already had an idea, where life was taking him by virtue of his ability to envision a dream, and the determination to live the dream.

    Reflecting poverty at its worst state, the boy saw himself differently because that was whom he assumed himself to be, and he seemed resolved to achieve that vision without letting his current state stifle him.

    From a sleepy village of farmers, Iwo-Ate, in Oyo State,once a little boy, Zacch Adedeji, PhD, probably inspired the illustration above. For a little boy who grew up amid plantations of all sorts as neighbors, the life he saw then and lives today summarises the power of dream.

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    With a yearning for a decent living that transcended his primitive birthplace, Adedeji dreamt a life of purpose, different from the type that shaped his forebears. He wanted to be different and made sure nothing stood in his way.

    Despite hailing from a hardly known sleepy village, he didn’t wait for opportunities to crawl his way in fulfillment of his dream. Instead, he desperately went in search of them to bring his dream into reality. At each turn in his life, he has continued to fulfill destiny.

    From a National Diploma in Accountancy at the Federal Polytechnic, Ede, to netting a First-Class degree in Management and Accounting from Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, his Master’s degree and ultimately a PhD in Accounting, would later crystalise and complement his dream and vision.

    Attending the Harvard Kennedy School to sharpen his knowledge and expertise in economic development and public policy, further attested to his search for knowledge, beyond the mediocrity of sheer emphasis on degrees and certificates.

    It is no wonder, therefore, that President Bola Tinubu, the man known for raw talent hunt, found him worthy of the different appointments he had extended to him since he assumed office about two years ago.

    After all, the Iwo-Ate-born financial Czar has come to be identified as one of the best picks of the current administration. And without pushing too hard, he has been administering doses of what he’s capable of dishing out with evident results on the economy.

    At just 47, the Executive Chairman of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) has accomplished what many had spent their whole life chasing.

    Not only has he changed the dynamics at Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), deploying efficiency andexcellence, the agency, under his direct supervision, has utterly changed the narrative in tax revenue in the country.

    Making taxes seamless and fair is the fulcrum of the initiatives of his regime at FIRS, which seeks to balance both sides of the government and the citizenry.

    This was after his initial appointment as the Special Adviser to the President on Revenue, a stint which began the shapingof the nation’s fiscal policies, by firming up her revenue structure, soothing the economy, and arousing certainty in her body politic.

    His growth, generally, is not what anyone could gloss over. He was the Commissioner for Finance in Oyo State, where he implemented the Treasury Single Account and changed how the finances of the state were managed.

    He was also at the National Sugar Development Council (NSDC), where he canvassed and led the establishment of the Nigeria Sugar Institute and secured extensions for keyprogrammes that braced the nation’s sugar industry.

    Today, people talk about Adedeji as the man of the moment as if this was served on him a la carte. That would be unfair to his culture of hard work. He got to where he is today with resilience, foresight, and untiring commitment to excellence.

    For a boy, said to have successfully managed his father’s farm accounts and now skillfully handling the country’s multi-billion dollar revenue agency, Zacchaeus Adelabu Adedeji, is truly that boy, now man, in the mirror, boasting a life of inevitable envy.

    What further testimony does anyone need aside form the one by a renowned lawyer, and Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), Chief Olisa Agbakoba, who recently reminded the nation of how Adedeji, moved the economy from the proposed seemingly impossible nine trillion to an hypnotising 50 trillion in less than two years.

    It is correct to argue that the nation may not have reached the station many assumed was their desired destination, but it is also true that things have moved from where they used to be to a different terminus, courtesy the efforts and doings of someone like Adedeji, who remains focused and takes his job seriously.

    His story, especially his rise to prominence and rising successes, does not just stimulate optimism but places emphasis on hard work, vision, and the determination to consciously sculpt his path to victory. 

    • Egboh is the MD/CEO of Advonics Services Nigeria Ltd.